技术领域technical field
本发明属于在机测量领域，更具体地，涉及一种激光位移传感器在机测量系统。The invention belongs to the field of on-machine measurement, and more particularly relates to an on-machine measurement system of a laser displacement sensor.
背景技术Background technique
随着制造工业的迅速发展，生产出的产品的形状更加复杂、尺寸公差的要求更加严格，加工精度的要求越来越高，而在以往的加工实践中，只能通过数控程序来保证零件的加工精度，但面对加工过程中的因刀具磨损等非程序控制因素产生的加工误差，缺乏可靠的工艺手段进行分析、判断及调整，最终导致加工零件合格率低，造成大量人力、物力资源的浪费。With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry, the shapes of the products produced are more complex, the requirements for dimensional tolerances are stricter, and the requirements for machining accuracy are getting higher and higher. Machining accuracy, but in the face of machining errors caused by non-program control factors such as tool wear during the machining process, there is a lack of reliable technological means to analyze, judge and adjust, which eventually leads to a low pass rate of machined parts, resulting in a large amount of manpower and material resources. waste.
对于航空领域的飞机结构件和导弹弹体结构件等尺寸规格大，加工特征多，精度要求高的复杂薄壁零件，在其加工过程中可能会有多道工序需要进行三坐标测量仪测量。而三坐标测量仪是在全封闭式的测量环境中运行的，其接触式的检测方法需要进行繁琐的检测路线编程设计及碰撞仿真检查，造成检测时间比加工时间还要长的现状，严重影响了生产效率，同时零件也可能会多次中转，反复装夹，这就造成误差累积，存在质量隐患。For complex thin-walled parts such as aircraft structural parts and missile body structural parts in the aviation field, which have large dimensions, many processing features, and high precision requirements, there may be multiple processes in the processing process that need to be measured by a three-coordinate measuring instrument. The three-coordinate measuring instrument operates in a fully enclosed measurement environment, and its contact detection method requires cumbersome detection route programming design and collision simulation inspection, resulting in the current situation that the detection time is longer than the processing time, which seriously affects In order to improve the production efficiency, parts may also be transferred multiple times and clamped repeatedly, which causes errors to accumulate and poses quality risks.
现有技术中虽然出现了接触式在机测量，该技术可以通过实时提供分析数据，为工艺改进、质量问题追溯提供依据，为批次性生产提供可靠质量保证，但接触式测头在测量时需对单点进行反复碰触，效率低且易受到零件结构的限制；接触式在机测量易产生干涉，路径规划困难，需充分考虑测杆长度、直径等尺寸参数，对其测量路径进行规划，这样对操作人员提出了较高的技术要求；另外传统接触式测量无法实现对每个工件进行全检测，只能抽检部分，检测可靠性差。Although contact-type on-machine measurement has appeared in the prior art, this technology can provide the basis for process improvement and quality problem traceability by providing analysis data in real time, and provide reliable quality assurance for batch production. It is necessary to repeatedly touch a single point, which is inefficient and easily limited by the structure of the part; contact on-machine measurement is prone to interference, and path planning is difficult. It is necessary to fully consider the size parameters such as the length and diameter of the measuring rod to plan its measurement path , which puts forward higher technical requirements for the operator; in addition, the traditional contact measurement cannot realize the full detection of each workpiece, and can only sample parts, and the detection reliability is poor.
为克服上述检测方式的缺陷，现有技术中出现了非接触式测量方式，其中激光位移传感器测量系统受到了广泛的关注。但目前成熟的激光位移测量系统并不多。刘勇等人在论文中公开了一种激光位移传感器测量系统，其主要针对复杂零件，开发出整套的可应用于各种激光位移测量传感器在机测量系统，可实现测头的自动更换以及对加工后零件的快速测量，但是其公开的技术存在着一些问题，其中没有考虑激光的出光方向的问题，默认点激光传感器安装在机床主轴上之后出射光线与Z轴平行，但实际安装会存在一些误差，理应考虑点激光的出光方向，另外传感器测的数据如何与机床坐标系结合以及工件坐标系的建立也需要着重考虑设计。In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned detection methods, non-contact measurement methods have appeared in the prior art, among which the laser displacement sensor measurement system has received extensive attention. But there are not many mature laser displacement measurement systems at present. Liu Yong and others disclosed a laser displacement sensor measurement system in their paper, which is mainly aimed at complex parts, and developed a complete set of on-machine measurement systems that can be applied to various laser displacement measurement sensors, which can realize automatic replacement of the measuring head and alignment. Fast measurement of parts after processing, but there are some problems in the disclosed technology, which does not consider the problem of the laser light output direction. The default point laser sensor is installed on the machine tool spindle and the output light is parallel to the Z axis, but there will be some problems in actual installation The error should consider the light direction of the point laser. In addition, how to combine the data measured by the sensor with the coordinate system of the machine tool and the establishment of the coordinate system of the workpiece also need to focus on the design.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求，本发明提供了一种激光位移传感器在机测量系统，通过采用刀柄夹具夹持测量传感器，在测量开始之前，通过换刀机构的自动换刀功能切换到安装有测量传感器的刀柄，实现一次性装夹工作，利用机床主轴的移动对装夹在机床上的零件进行扫描测量，实现自动化的零件特征检测，工作效率高，累积误差小，大大提高了产品合格率和检测效率。Aiming at the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides an on-machine measurement system for laser displacement sensors. By using the tool handle clamp to clamp the measurement sensor, the automatic tool change function of the tool changer is switched before the measurement starts. To the tool handle equipped with a measuring sensor, one-time clamping work is realized, and the movement of the machine tool spindle is used to scan and measure the parts clamped on the machine tool, realizing automatic part feature detection, high work efficiency, small cumulative error, and greatly improved The product qualification rate and detection efficiency have been improved.
为实现上述目的，按照本发明，提供了一种激光位移传感器在机测量系统，其特征在于，该测量系统包括工作台、机床夹具、刀柄夹具、测量传感器，In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a laser displacement sensor on-machine measurement system is provided, which is characterized in that the measurement system includes a workbench, a machine tool clamp, a tool handle clamp, a measurement sensor,
所述工作台表面沿其轴向方向上设置有多条槽，用于放置所述机床夹具，该机床夹具通过被放置在不同的槽中实现位置的变换；The surface of the worktable is provided with a plurality of grooves along its axial direction for placing the machine tool fixture, and the machine tool fixture is placed in different grooves to realize position transformation;
所述机床夹具设置在所述工作台上，用于夹持待加工零件，该机床夹具在所述工作台上移动以此改变待加工零件的位置；The machine tool fixture is arranged on the workbench for clamping the parts to be processed, and the machine tool fixture moves on the workbench to change the position of the parts to be processed;
所述刀柄夹具设置在所述工作台的上方，与机床主轴连接，用于夹持测量传感器，所述机床主轴具有多个方向的自由度，用于调整测量传感器的位置；The tool handle clamp is arranged above the workbench and is connected with the machine tool spindle for clamping the measurement sensor. The machine tool spindle has degrees of freedom in multiple directions and is used for adjusting the position of the measurement sensor;
所述测量传感器发出测量激光至待测零件的表面，然后接受该激光经待测零件表面反射后的反射光，以此检测该测量光感器与待测零件之间的距离。The measuring sensor emits a measuring laser to the surface of the part to be measured, and then receives the reflected light of the laser light reflected by the surface of the part to be measured, so as to detect the distance between the measuring light sensor and the part to be measured.
进一步优选地，该刀柄夹具上设置有分度盘，用于安装测量传感器和调节测量传感器的角度。Further preferably, an indexing plate is provided on the tool holder fixture for installing the measuring sensor and adjusting the angle of the measuring sensor.
进一步优选地，所述系统还包括数据处理模块，该数据处理模块分别与测量传感器和机床连接，一方面通过处理机床发送的串口数据实现机床与传感器之间的通讯，另一方面用于接收并处理测量传感器测量的数据。Further preferably, the system also includes a data processing module, which is respectively connected to the measurement sensor and the machine tool. On the one hand, the communication between the machine tool and the sensor is realized by processing the serial port data sent by the machine tool; on the other hand, it is used to receive and Process data measured by measurement sensors.
进一步优选地，所述测量传感器优选采用激光位移传感器。Further preferably, the measuring sensor preferably adopts a laser displacement sensor.
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，能够取得下列有益效果：Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明克服传统测量系统效率偏低的缺陷，利用非接触式测量和自动化换刀，利用相隔一段距离的激光位移传感器与待测零件的方式，可以实现非接触快多点测量，可实现快速和高精度的测量；1. The present invention overcomes the defect of low efficiency of the traditional measurement system, uses non-contact measurement and automatic tool change, and uses the laser displacement sensor separated by a certain distance from the part to be measured to realize non-contact fast multi-point measurement, which can realize Fast and high-precision measurement;
2、本发明的测量传感器采用激光位移传感器，数据处理较为简单，易于实现快速测量,使得本发明提供的装置整体结构简单，操作方便，测量效率高，而且通用性强；2. The measurement sensor of the present invention adopts a laser displacement sensor, the data processing is relatively simple, and it is easy to realize rapid measurement, so that the device provided by the present invention has a simple overall structure, convenient operation, high measurement efficiency, and strong versatility;
3、本发明提供的装置方便在测量之前对激光测量器发射的激光出光方向进行标定，由此可获得精确的激光出光方向矢量，同时也方便对机床加减速段进行标定，由此实现机床坐标与传感器测量数据实时结合；3. The device provided by the present invention is convenient to calibrate the laser light emission direction emitted by the laser measuring device before measurement, thereby obtaining an accurate laser light emission direction vector, and also convenient to calibrate the acceleration and deceleration sections of the machine tool, thereby realizing the machine tool coordinates Real-time combination with sensor measurement data;
4、本发明通过采用数据处理模块，实现机床与测量传感器的无障碍通讯，并利用该数据处理模块进行激光测头数据的读取与处理分析，进而实现机床坐标与测量传感器测量值实时结合。4. The present invention realizes the barrier-free communication between the machine tool and the measurement sensor by adopting the data processing module, and uses the data processing module to read, process and analyze the data of the laser probe, and then realize the real-time combination of the machine tool coordinates and the measurement value of the measurement sensor.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为按照本发明实施所构建的激光位移传感器在机测量系统的整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the on-machine measurement system of the laser displacement sensor constructed according to the implementation of the present invention;
图2为按照本发明的优选实施例所构建的激光位移传感器在机测量系统的主视结构图；Fig. 2 is the front view structural diagram of the laser displacement sensor on-machine measuring system constructed according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图3为按照本发明实施例所构建的激光位移传感器在机测量系统中的可转位刀柄夹具结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an indexable tool holder fixture in an on-machine measurement system of a laser displacement sensor constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为图3中的可转位刀柄夹具的主视示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the indexable tool holder fixture in Fig. 3;
图5为按照本发明实施例所构建的激光位移传感器在机测量系统的通讯模块示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of a communication module of a laser displacement sensor on-machine measurement system constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为利用按照本发明实施例所构建的激光位移传感器在机测量系统进行零件检测的流程示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of part detection using the laser displacement sensor on-machine measurement system constructed according to the embodiment of the present invention.
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构，其中：Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same elements or structures, wherein:
100-机床，101-工作台，102-机床主轴，103-机床夹具，104-待测零件，105-刀柄夹具，106，203-测量传感器，107-计算机，200-锥柄，201-锥柄轴，202-转接件，204-测量传感器，205-旋钮，206-端盖，207-分度盘100-machine tool, 101-worktable, 102-machine tool spindle, 103-tool fixture, 104-part to be tested, 105-knife handle fixture, 106, 203-measurement sensor, 107-computer, 200-taper handle, 201-taper Arbor, 202-adapter, 204-measuring sensor, 205-knob, 206-end cap, 207-divider
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.
如图1和2所示，按照本发明实施例所构建的一种激光位移传感器在机测量系统，其包括机床100，工作台101，机床主轴102，机床夹具103，计算机107，安装在机床夹具103上的待测零件104、以及安装在机床主轴102上的可转位刀柄夹具105和安装在可转位刀柄夹具105上的测量传感器106。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a laser displacement sensor on-machine measurement system constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a machine tool 100, a workbench 101, a machine tool spindle 102, a machine tool fixture 103, and a computer 107, which are installed on the machine tool fixture The part 104 to be measured on 103 , the indexable tool holder fixture 105 installed on the machine tool spindle 102 and the measuring sensor 106 installed on the indexable tool holder fixture 105 .
机床100其上部设置有工作台101，机床主轴102位于工作台101上方；机床工作台101与机床主轴102之间形成用于装夹待测量零件和进行测量的操作空间。机床夹具103设置在工作台101上，可转位刀柄夹具设置在机床主轴上一并容置于操作空间中。The upper part of the machine tool 100 is provided with a workbench 101, and the machine tool spindle 102 is located above the workbench 101; an operation space for clamping parts to be measured and measuring is formed between the machine tool workbench 101 and the machine tool spindle 102. The machine tool holder 103 is arranged on the workbench 101, and the indexable tool handle holder is arranged on the machine tool spindle and accommodated in the operation space.
具体的，待测量零件104装夹在机床夹具103上，在机床100对其进行加工和传感器106对其进行测量过程中，不必反复装夹定位。Specifically, the part 104 to be measured is clamped on the machine tool fixture 103 , and it is not necessary to repeat the clamping and positioning during the process of processing it by the machine tool 100 and measuring it by the sensor 106 .
测量传感器106安装在可转位刀柄夹具105上，其中在测量时传感器106与待测量零件104相隔一定距离，通过机床主轴102可以上下移动测量传感器106，以用于保证待测量零件104的表面特征在测量传感器106的测量范围内。The measuring sensor 106 is installed on the indexable tool holder fixture 105, wherein the sensor 106 is separated from the part 104 to be measured by a certain distance during measurement, and the measuring sensor 106 can be moved up and down by the machine tool spindle 102 to ensure the surface of the part 104 to be measured The features are within the measurement range of the measurement sensor 106 .
如图3和4所示，本发明实施例的可转位专用刀柄夹具包括锥柄200、锥柄轴201、转接件202、测量传感器203、压件204、旋钮205、端盖206和分度轴207。其中，所述锥柄200用于连接转接件202与机床100，锥柄200安装在机床主轴102上，转接件202与锥柄200通过锥柄轴201连接在一起，传感器203安装在转接件202的一端，转接件202另一端安装有端盖206，端盖206将分度轴207密封，分度轴207主要用于实现传感器203固定角度旋转并锁紧的功能。旋钮205和压件204安装在转接件的边缘处。As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the indexable special tool holder clamp of the embodiment of the present invention includes a taper shank 200, a taper shank shaft 201, an adapter 202, a measuring sensor 203, a pressing piece 204, a knob 205, an end cover 206 and Index axis 207 . Wherein, the taper handle 200 is used to connect the adapter 202 and the machine tool 100, the taper handle 200 is installed on the machine tool spindle 102, the adapter 202 and the taper handle 200 are connected together through the taper handle shaft 201, and the sensor 203 is installed on the rotating shaft. One end of the adapter 202 and the other end of the adapter 202 are equipped with an end cap 206, the end cap 206 seals the indexing shaft 207, and the indexing shaft 207 is mainly used to realize the function of the sensor 203 rotating and locking at a fixed angle. Knob 205 and pressure piece 204 are mounted at the edge of the adapter.
如图5所示，本发明实施例的通讯模块包括stm32单片机，ttl转RS232模块，RS422转RS232模块和9针转25针RS232模块。其中，所述的9针转25针RS232模块将机床的旧式25针接口转接为9针接口，然后经由RS232转ttl模块连接到所述的stm32上，所述stm32主要功能是将来自机床的7位数据位，2位停止位，偶校验的数据转化为8位数据位，1位停止位，无校验的数据发送出去；并针对机床无法发送特殊字符的缺陷，如回车、空格等，进行指令识别和补发特殊字符；另外针对机床发送指令前后的无法识别的乱码进行过滤。最终数据经由ttl转RS232模块和RS232转接RS422模块发送给测量传感器。As shown in Figure 5, the communication module of the embodiment of the present invention includes a stm32 single-chip microcomputer, a ttl to RS232 module, an RS422 to RS232 module and a 9-pin to 25-pin RS232 module. Among them, the 9-pin to 25-pin RS232 module transfers the old 25-pin interface of the machine tool to a 9-pin interface, and then connects to the stm32 via the RS232 to ttl module. 7 data bits, 2 stop bits, even parity data is converted into 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and data without parity is sent out; and for the defect that the machine tool cannot send special characters, such as carriage return and space etc., to identify and reissue special characters; in addition, filter unrecognizable garbled characters before and after the machine tool sends commands. The final data is sent to the measurement sensor via the ttl-to-RS232 module and the RS232-to-RS422 module.
如图6所示，利用本实施例的激光位移传感器在机测量新系统进行测量的一个优选的过程为：As shown in Figure 6, a preferred process of using the laser displacement sensor in-machine measurement system of this embodiment to measure is:
在机床100加工完毕后，采用换刀机构换到至安装有传感器106的可转位刀柄夹具105，中间不必待测量零件反复装夹定位，接通测量传感器电源，通过计算机107对传感器106进行标定校准，标定时可以选择手动输入坐标和在文件中读入坐标；After the machining of the machine tool 100 is completed, the tool changing mechanism is used to switch to the indexable tool holder fixture 105 with the sensor 106 installed. There is no need for repeated clamping and positioning of the parts to be measured, the power of the measuring sensor is turned on, and the sensor 106 is checked by the computer 107. Calibration calibration, you can choose to manually input coordinates and read coordinates in the file during calibration;
标定激光出光方向，标定机床加减速时间段；Calibrate the direction of laser light emission, and calibrate the acceleration and deceleration time period of the machine tool;
之后通过机床100控制测量路径和方法，通过计算机107进行数据处理。在伺服电机的带动下，传感器106在数控机床上跟随主轴在三个方向平动，对被测量零件104的多个特征进行连续测量采集，采集频率49.02kHz，将采集到的测量距离送入到计算机107中与机床坐标系进行结合处理后得到三维点云输出显示。对多个特征按上述方式重复测量，对各参数实时处理，即可得到物体表面轮廓数据，将得到的点云数据中送到icloud软件中进行模型匹配，生成检测指导报告。The measurement path and method are then controlled by the machine tool 100 , and data processing is performed by the computer 107 . Driven by the servo motor, the sensor 106 follows the main shaft on the CNC machine tool and moves in translation in three directions, and continuously measures and collects multiple features of the measured part 104. The collection frequency is 49.02kHz, and the collected measurement distance is sent to the The computer 107 is combined with the coordinate system of the machine tool to obtain a three-dimensional point cloud output display. Repeat the measurement of multiple features in the above-mentioned way, and process each parameter in real time to obtain the surface contour data of the object, and send the obtained point cloud data to the icloud software for model matching, and generate a detection guidance report.
本实施例中，例如可以测量长方体零件的表面，得到的其表面的平面度等，还可以在测量的同时实时生成检测报告，显示各个检测指标误差值，根据预设要求判定被检测零件是否合格。In this embodiment, for example, the surface of a cuboid part can be measured to obtain the flatness of the surface, etc., and a test report can also be generated in real time while measuring, displaying the error value of each test index, and judging whether the tested part is qualified according to the preset requirements .
本发明实施例中所述的传感器设置测量距离优选为30mm-50mm，测量范围优选为10mm-40mm。The measuring distance of the sensor set in the embodiment of the present invention is preferably 30mm-50mm, and the measuring range is preferably 10mm-40mm.
本实施例中，传感器标定主要用于确定传感器的出光方向，以便能很好的将传感器的测量数值转换到机床坐标系下，所进行的标定用于传感器初步测试。In this embodiment, the sensor calibration is mainly used to determine the light emitting direction of the sensor, so that the measured value of the sensor can be well converted into the machine tool coordinate system, and the calibration performed is used for the preliminary test of the sensor.
本实施例中，系统的运动控制包括两大部分：传感器三个方向的平动和手动控制的传感器的转动。由于点激光测量传感器本身只能够测量待测零件表面与测量传感器之间的距离，并不能得到被测物体的三维形貌，要完成测量必须借助机床主轴和传感器的转动，在精确控制下移动测量物体，完成多特征面的测量，进而完成整体三维点云测量。In this embodiment, the motion control of the system includes two parts: translation of the sensor in three directions and rotation of the sensor controlled manually. Since the point laser measurement sensor itself can only measure the distance between the surface of the part to be measured and the measurement sensor, it cannot obtain the three-dimensional shape of the measured object. To complete the measurement, the rotation of the machine tool spindle and the sensor must be used to move the measurement under precise control. Objects, complete the measurement of multiple feature surfaces, and then complete the overall 3D point cloud measurement.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810395157.7ACN108581637A (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | A kind of laser displacement sensor on-machine measurement system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810395157.7ACN108581637A (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | A kind of laser displacement sensor on-machine measurement system |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108581637Atrue CN108581637A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810395157.7APendingCN108581637A (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | A kind of laser displacement sensor on-machine measurement system |
| Country | Link |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | Application publication date:20180928 | |
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