技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种电动汽车主动充电预警及预约方法，具体涉及一种通过车路信息结合提供电动汽车驾驶员充电预警和预约辅助决策的方法。The invention relates to an active charging early warning and reservation method for an electric vehicle, in particular to a method for providing an electric vehicle driver with a charging early warning and reservation auxiliary decision-making method by combining vehicle road information.
背景技术Background technique
电动汽车的迅速发展能够有效降低汽车尾气排放，减少石油资源消耗，并带动一系列相关产业的发展。但电动汽车的发展也受到一系列制约因素的影响，其中“里程焦虑”被认为是纯电动汽车被广泛接受面临的主要障碍之一。相对于传统汽车交通工具的属性，电动汽车对充电系统的依赖、续航里程的限制、智能化等特点，对制造商、产业链、使用环境有更多要求。现有用户在城市道路的出行过程中，常常面临因未能及时充电导致车辆无法顺利抵达目的地的情况，或因驾驶员出行过程中由于充电误判而导致道路抛锚的问题，或遇到过由于未能及时充电导致电池过放电而造成性能严重下降的情况，上述情况导致电动汽车驾驶员实际出行过程中常常处于焦虑状态。The rapid development of electric vehicles can effectively reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, reduce oil resource consumption, and drive the development of a series of related industries. However, the development of electric vehicles is also affected by a series of constraints, among which "range anxiety" is considered to be one of the main obstacles to the widespread acceptance of pure electric vehicles. Compared with the attributes of traditional vehicles, the dependence of electric vehicles on the charging system, the limitation of cruising range, and intelligence have more requirements for manufacturers, industrial chains, and use environments. Existing users often face the situation that the vehicle cannot reach the destination smoothly due to failure to charge in time when traveling on urban roads, or the road breaks down due to misjudgment of charging by the driver during travel, or has encountered Due to the serious performance degradation caused by the over-discharge of the battery due to failure to charge in time, the above situation causes the driver of the electric vehicle to often be in a state of anxiety during the actual travel process.
关于电动汽车充电预警的研究，主要集中于预警方式的研究和设置预警条件两个方面。目前应用的电动汽车充电预警方法，并没有将车辆可行驶里程信息与距充电站的相对距离信息结合，充电时刻预警也未考虑驾驶员的个体差异，并未解决由于驾驶员充电时刻判断失误而带来的电动汽车抛锚和电池过放电等问题。同时已有众多方法及手机APP应用于充电预约，但其功能仅考虑了充电预约，忽略了电动汽车的充电需求，没有实现充电预警和预约的有机结合。如何将车路信息结合，基于充电需求实现充电预约和路径规划，从而有效解决驾驶员的里程焦虑，并提高充电桩的利用效率，成为当前亟需解决的问题。The research on early warning of electric vehicle charging mainly focuses on the research of early warning methods and the setting of early warning conditions. The currently applied electric vehicle charging warning method does not combine the information of the vehicle’s mileage and the relative distance from the charging station, and the charging time warning does not consider the individual differences of the driver, and does not solve the problem caused by the driver’s wrong judgment on the charging time. The problems such as breakdown of electric vehicle and battery over-discharge brought about. At the same time, many methods and mobile APPs have been applied to charging appointments, but their functions only consider charging appointments, ignoring the charging needs of electric vehicles, and have not realized the organic combination of charging warning and appointment. How to combine vehicle and road information to realize charging reservation and route planning based on charging demand, so as to effectively solve the driver's mileage anxiety and improve the utilization efficiency of charging piles, has become an urgent problem to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种车路信息的结合，协助驾驶员完成充电时刻判断，并基于充电需求完成充电智能预约和路径规划的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a combination of vehicle and road information, assist the driver to complete the judgment of the charging time, and complete the intelligent charging reservation and route planning method based on the charging demand.
本发明提供了一种电动汽车主动充电预警及预约方法，由电池管理系统、电量不足监控模块、预警模块、信息显示模块、电动汽车充电预约APP软件和充电站管理平台组成，其特征在于，包括以下十个步骤。The invention provides an electric vehicle active charging early warning and reservation method, which is composed of a battery management system, a power shortage monitoring module, an early warning module, an information display module, an electric vehicle charging reservation APP software, and a charging station management platform, and is characterized in that it includes The following ten steps.
1）将充电站及站内充电桩的位置信息通过互联网技术实现与电动汽车充电预约APP软件的对接，利用该预约软件完成目标充电桩位置信息的检索任务。1) Connect the location information of the charging station and the charging pile in the station with the electric vehicle charging reservation APP software through Internet technology, and use the reservation software to complete the retrieval task of the location information of the target charging pile.
2）针对驾驶员群体，结合不同个体属性和认知差异合理设置充电预警判断条件（总续航里程的10%-20%），其中个人基本属性主要包括年龄、性别、职业、性格等信息，认知属性包括期望里程、驾龄和电动汽车（EV）的熟悉程度。2) For the driver group, reasonably set charging warning judgment conditions (10%-20% of the total cruising range) in combination with different individual attributes and cognitive differences. Personal basic attributes mainly include age, gender, occupation, personality and other information. Knowledge attributes include expected mileage, driving age, and electric vehicle (EV) familiarity.
3）通过电池管理系统实时获取动力电池SOC信息，通过CAN总线将SOC信息传输至电量不足监控模块，计算出当前电动汽车的可行驶里程，再根据当前车速信息，计算出当前电动汽车的可行驶时间。3) Obtain the SOC information of the power battery in real time through the battery management system, transmit the SOC information to the power shortage monitoring module through the CAN bus, calculate the current mileage of the electric vehicle, and then calculate the current mileage of the electric vehicle based on the current speed information. time.
4）电动汽车充电预约APP软件综合考虑道路实时路况信息、车辆与附近充电站的相对距离、充电站内剩余充电桩个数和充电桩排队等待时间等影响因素，利用其内嵌的数字地图完成目标充电桩的选取。4) The electric vehicle charging appointment APP software comprehensively considers the real-time road condition information, the relative distance between the vehicle and the nearby charging station, the number of remaining charging piles in the charging station, and the waiting time of charging piles, etc., and uses its embedded digital map to complete the goal Selection of charging piles.
5）再利用充电预约APP软件中两点间距离计算模块完成电动汽车与目标充电桩的相对距离计算，通过手机蓝牙通讯将此距离信息实时传输至电量不足监控模块。5) Then use the distance calculation module between two points in the charging appointment APP software to complete the calculation of the relative distance between the electric vehicle and the target charging pile, and transmit the distance information to the power shortage monitoring module in real time through the Bluetooth communication of the mobile phone.
6）电量不足监控模块实时比较当前电动汽车的可行驶里程和电动汽车与目标充电桩相对距离的两者之差，并与充电预警条件进行实时比对，若两者之差小于或等于充电预警条件，则监控模块向预警模块发送预警指令，同时向电动汽车充电预约APP软件发送充电预约请求，反之，则不断进行充电时刻的预警监测。6) The power shortage monitoring module compares the difference between the current mileage of the electric vehicle and the relative distance between the electric vehicle and the target charging pile in real time, and compares it with the charging warning condition in real time. If the difference between the two is less than or equal to the charging warning conditions, the monitoring module sends an early warning command to the early warning module, and at the same time sends a charging reservation request to the electric vehicle charging reservation APP software, otherwise, the early warning monitoring of the charging time is carried out continuously.
7）预警模块接收电量不足监控模块发送的预警指令，通过提供语音和灯光预警提示，协助驾驶员完成电动汽车主动充电预警任务。7) The early warning module receives the early warning command sent by the power shortage monitoring module, and assists the driver to complete the early warning task of active charging of electric vehicles by providing voice and light early warning prompts.
8）充电预约APP软件接收来自电量不足监控模块发送的充电请求，通过GPRS无线通信方式实现与充电站管理平台的信息交互，并完成目标充电桩辅助预约服务，然后利用充电预约APP软件中路线规划模块根据实时路况信息规划驶往目标充电桩的最优路径。8) The charging reservation APP software receives the charging request sent from the power shortage monitoring module, realizes the information interaction with the charging station management platform through GPRS wireless communication, and completes the auxiliary reservation service of the target charging pile, and then uses the route planning in the charging reservation APP software The module plans the optimal route to the target charging pile according to the real-time road condition information.
9）充电预约APP软件通过手机蓝牙通讯将拟预约的充电桩信息和驶往目标充电桩的最优路径发送给电量不足监控模块，监控模块通过信息显示模块将拟预约信息和路径规划进行实时显示，来征求车主对此预约信息的满意度，若车主不满意，则重新执行步骤4和8，完成目标充电桩二次预约，直到车主满意为止，反之，车主发送确认预约信息给充电预约APP软件，完成充电预约服务。9) The charging reservation APP software sends the charging pile information to be reserved and the optimal route to the target charging pile to the power shortage monitoring module through the Bluetooth communication of the mobile phone, and the monitoring module displays the reservation information and route planning in real time through the information display module , to solicit the car owner’s satisfaction with the reservation information. If the car owner is not satisfied, then perform steps 4 and 8 again to complete the second reservation of the target charging pile until the car owner is satisfied. Otherwise, the car owner sends a confirmation reservation message to the charging reservation APP software , complete the charging reservation service.
10）信息显示模块显示当前电动汽车的状态信息包括电池SOC信息、当前电动汽车可行驶里程和可行驶时间信息、电动汽车及目标充电桩的位置信息、电动汽车与目标充电桩的距离信息、目标充电桩的预约信息和驶往该充电桩的最优路径。10) The information display module displays the status information of the current electric vehicle, including battery SOC information, the current mileage and driving time information of the electric vehicle, the location information of the electric vehicle and the target charging pile, the distance information between the electric vehicle and the target charging pile, and the target charging pile. The appointment information of the charging pile and the optimal route to the charging pile.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明：The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
图1为电动汽车主动充电预警及预约系统的体系架构；Figure 1 shows the architecture of the electric vehicle active charging early warning and reservation system;
图2为目标充电桩选取的指标体系；Figure 2 shows the index system selected for the target charging pile;
图3为目标充电桩预订及路径规划逻辑图。Figure 3 is a logic diagram of target charging pile reservation and path planning.
现在结合下文中所示附图，将分别从电动汽车主动充电预警及预约系统的体系架构、目标充电桩选取的指标体系和目标充电桩预订及路径规划逻辑三个方面来对本发明作详细地描述。Now combined with the accompanying drawings shown below, the present invention will be described in detail from three aspects: the architecture of the electric vehicle active charging early warning and reservation system, the index system for the selection of the target charging pile, and the reservation and path planning logic of the target charging pile .
图1是本发明电动汽车主动充电预警及预约系统的体系架构，其中包括电量不足监控模块1、电动汽车充电预约APP软件2、电池管理系统3、预警模块4、信息显示模块5和充电站管理平台6组成。Fig. 1 is the architecture of the electric vehicle active charging early warning and reservation system of the present invention, which includes a power shortage monitoring module 1, an electric vehicle charging reservation APP software 2, a battery management system 3, an early warning module 4, an information display module 5 and a charging station management Platform 6 composition.
在本系统中，首先通过电池管理系统3实时获取车载动力电池SOC信息，通过CAN总线将SOC信息传输至电量不足监控模块1，电量不足监控模块1通过SOC信息和车速信息估算出当前电动汽车可行驶里程和可行驶时间信息，并将电池SOC信息、电动汽车可行驶里程和可行驶时间信息传输至信息显示模块5。In this system, the SOC information of the vehicle power battery is obtained in real time through the battery management system 3, and the SOC information is transmitted to the power shortage monitoring module 1 through the CAN bus. The driving mileage and driving time information, and the battery SOC information, electric vehicle driving mileage and driving time information are transmitted to the information display module 5 .
目标充电桩的选取需综合考虑道路实时路况信息、车辆与附近充电站的相对距离、充电站内剩余充电桩个数和充电桩排队等待时间等因素，利用电动汽车充电预约APP软件2中内嵌的数字地图完成充电桩选取任务；再利用充电预约APP软件2中两点间距离计算模块完成电动汽车与目标充电桩的相对距离计算，通过手机蓝牙通讯将此距离信息实时传输至电量不足监控模块1。The selection of the target charging pile needs to comprehensively consider factors such as real-time road condition information, the relative distance between the vehicle and the nearby charging station, the number of remaining charging piles in the charging station, and the queuing time of charging piles. The digital map completes the charging pile selection task; and then uses the distance calculation module between two points in the charging appointment APP software 2 to complete the calculation of the relative distance between the electric vehicle and the target charging pile, and transmits the distance information to the power shortage monitoring module 1 in real time through the Bluetooth communication of the mobile phone .
电量不足监控模块1接收当前电动汽车可行驶里程和电动汽车与目标充电桩的相对距离信息，实时比对两者距离之差，与监控模块1中所设定的电量不足安全阈值进行比较，当两者之差小于或等于安全阈值时，通过预警模块4发出电量不足预警提示，同时向电动汽车充电预约APP软件2发送充电预约请求。Insufficient battery monitoring module 1 receives the current mileage of the electric vehicle and the relative distance information between the electric vehicle and the target charging pile, compares the difference between the two distances in real time, and compares it with the insufficient battery safety threshold set in the monitoring module 1. When the difference between the two is less than or equal to the safety threshold, the early warning module 4 sends out an early warning prompt for insufficient power, and at the same time sends a charging reservation request to the electric vehicle charging reservation APP software 2 .
当预警模块4接收到来自电量不足监控模块1所发送的预警指令时，通过提供语音和灯光（LED灯）预警提示，协助驾驶员完成电动汽车电量不足的主动预警提示任务。When the early warning module 4 receives the early warning command sent by the low battery monitoring module 1, it assists the driver to complete the active early warning and prompt task of the low battery of the electric vehicle by providing early warning prompts with voice and light (LED lights).
当电动汽车充电预约APP软件2接收来自电量不足监控模块1所发送的充电请求时，通过GPRS无线通信方式实现与充电站管理平台6的信息交互（同时各充电站将站内数据信息通过无线网实时上传至充电站管理平台6，其中数据信息包括各充电桩的使用情况及其编号信息等），帮助驾驶员完成目标充电桩辅助预约服务，然后充电预约APP软件2中路径规划模块根据实时路况信息规划驶往目标充电桩的最优路径（最优路径的选择需综合考虑时间和距离两个要素，且距离不得超过当前电动汽车的可行驶里程）。When the electric vehicle charging appointment APP software 2 receives the charging request sent from the power shortage monitoring module 1, it realizes information interaction with the charging station management platform 6 through GPRS wireless communication (at the same time, each charging station transmits the data information in the station through the wireless network in real time. Upload to the charging station management platform 6, where the data information includes the usage of each charging pile and its number information, etc.), to help the driver complete the auxiliary reservation service of the target charging pile, and then the path planning module in the charging reservation APP software 2 according to the real-time road condition information Plan the optimal route to the target charging pile (the selection of the optimal route needs to comprehensively consider the two elements of time and distance, and the distance should not exceed the mileage of the current electric vehicle).
电动汽车充电预约APP软件2将拟预约的充电桩信息和驶往目标充电桩的最优路径通过手机蓝牙通讯发送给电量不足监控模块1，监控模块1通过信息显示模块5将拟预约信息和路径规划进行实时显示，其中拟预约信息包括充电桩的位置信息及其编号和车主确认答复信息，供车主进行查阅，以获取车主对此预约信息的满意度，若车主对该预约信息不满意，则重新进行目标充电桩的二次选取及二次预约，直到车主满意为止，反之，车主发送确认信息给充电预约APP软件2，完成充电预约服务。The electric vehicle charging appointment APP software 2 sends the information of the charging pile to be reserved and the optimal route to the target charging pile to the power shortage monitoring module 1 through the Bluetooth communication of the mobile phone, and the monitoring module 1 sends the information about the planned reservation and the route to the charging pile through the information display module 5 The plan will be displayed in real time, and the information to be reserved includes the location information of the charging pile and its serial number and the owner's confirmation reply information for the owner to check to obtain the owner's satisfaction with the appointment information. If the owner is not satisfied with the appointment information, then Re-select the target charging pile and make a second reservation until the car owner is satisfied. Otherwise, the car owner sends a confirmation message to the charging reservation APP software 2 to complete the charging reservation service.
信息显示模块5实时显示当前电动汽车的状态信息包括电池SOC信息、当前电动汽车可行驶里程和可行驶时间信息、电动汽车及目标充电桩的位置信息、电动汽车与目标充电桩的距离信息和驶往目标充电桩的最优路径，其中信息显示模块5与电动汽车车载导航系统中的显示模块（LCD液晶屏）共用。The information display module 5 displays the status information of the current electric vehicle in real time, including battery SOC information, current mileage and driving time information of the electric vehicle, position information of the electric vehicle and the target charging pile, distance information and driving distance between the electric vehicle and the target charging pile. The optimal path to the target charging pile, wherein the information display module 5 is shared with the display module (LCD liquid crystal screen) in the vehicle navigation system of the electric vehicle.
图2是目标充电桩选取的指标体系，目标充电桩选取的影响因素包括实时路况信息、车辆与附近充电站的相对距离、充电桩排队等待时间和空闲充电桩情况，电动汽车充电预约APP软件综合考虑以上影响因素，完成目标充电桩的选取工作。Figure 2 shows the index system for the selection of target charging piles. The influencing factors for the selection of target charging piles include real-time road condition information, the relative distance between the vehicle and nearby charging stations, the waiting time of charging piles in line, the situation of idle charging piles, and the integration of electric vehicle charging appointment APP software. Considering the above influencing factors, the selection of the target charging pile is completed.
道路实时路况信息是交通信息频道的简称，根据当前道路的拥堵情况，划分为拥挤、缓行和畅通三个级别。借助百度地图API平台实时路况的数据接口作为道路实时路况信息的获取途径。Road real-time traffic information is the abbreviation of traffic information channel. According to the current road congestion, it is divided into three levels: congested, slow and smooth. The real-time traffic data interface of the Baidu map API platform is used as a way to obtain real-time road traffic information.
通过充电预约APP软件内嵌的数字地图中定位模块实时确定当前电动汽车的位置信息；利用POI周边检索服务模块以当前电动汽车的位置信息为检索中心，以当前电动汽车可行驶里程的三分之一作为最初的检索半径，不断地调整检索半径完成周边充电站的检索任务；利用两点间距离计算模块计算出电动汽车与附近各充电站之间的相对距离。将电动汽车与附近各充电站之间的距离与当前电动汽车可行驶里程进行比对，将相对距离划分为大于可行驶里程、小于可行驶里程和等于可行驶里程三个级别。Use the positioning module in the digital map embedded in the charging reservation APP software to determine the current location information of the electric vehicle in real time; use the POI surrounding retrieval service module to use the current location information of the electric vehicle as the retrieval center, and use one-third of the current electric vehicle's mileage One is as the initial search radius, continuously adjust the search radius to complete the search task of the surrounding charging stations; use the distance calculation module between two points to calculate the relative distance between the electric vehicle and nearby charging stations. Compare the distance between the electric vehicle and nearby charging stations with the current mileage of the electric vehicle, and divide the relative distance into three levels: greater than the mileage, less than the mileage, and equal to the mileage.
电动汽车周边各充电站根据当前正处于充电状态的电动汽车数量信息及电池容量信息、电池已充电量信息和充电电流的大小，即可估算出充电站内各充电桩的排队等待时间，将该等待时间划分为可接收范围和不可接收范围两个级别。The charging stations around the electric vehicles can estimate the queuing time of each charging pile in the charging station according to the information on the number of electric vehicles currently being charged, the battery capacity information, the charged battery information, and the size of the charging current. Time is divided into acceptable range and unacceptable range.
电动汽车周边各充电站将站内空闲充电桩的个数进行实时地更新，同时将该数据信息上传到充电站管理平台，电动汽车充电预约APP与该平台完成对接，实时获取空闲充电桩的个数，将该信息划分为有空闲充电桩和无空闲充电桩两个级别。Each charging station around the electric vehicle will update the number of idle charging piles in the station in real time, and upload the data information to the charging station management platform at the same time. , and divide the information into two levels: there are idle charging piles and there are no idle charging piles.
构建目标充电桩选取的指标体系，并分别确定各指标的权重大小，通过模糊物元分析方法为电动汽车充电预约APP软件完成目标充电桩选取提供备选方案。The index system for the selection of target charging piles is constructed, and the weight of each index is determined respectively, and the fuzzy matter-element analysis method is used to provide alternatives for the electric vehicle charging reservation APP software to complete the selection of target charging piles.
图3是目标充电桩预订及路径规划逻辑图，当预警模块输出预警提示后，同时电量不足监控模块向电动汽车充电预约APP软件发送充电请求预约，充电预约APP软件首先判断已选充电桩是否为目标充电桩，如果不是，则重新进行目标充电桩的选取，反之则通过GPRS无线通信方式实现与充电站管理平台的信息交互，充电站管理平台判断已选目标充电桩是否与动力电池型号相匹配，如果匹配，则预定该充电桩，同时通过路径规划模块以目标充电桩为目的地完成最优路径规划，如果不匹配，判断是否进行充电等待，如果进行充电等待，则完成该充电桩预定和最优路径规划，反之，则跳过上次锁定的充电桩，进行目标充电桩二次选取及二次预约，直至完成预约为止。Figure 3 is the logic diagram of target charging pile reservation and route planning. When the early warning module outputs the early warning prompt, at the same time, the power shortage monitoring module sends a charging request reservation to the electric vehicle charging reservation APP software. The charging reservation APP software first judges whether the selected charging pile is If the target charging pile is not, re-select the target charging pile, otherwise, realize the information interaction with the charging station management platform through GPRS wireless communication, and the charging station management platform judges whether the selected target charging pile matches the model of the power battery , if it matches, then reserve the charging pile, and at the same time complete the optimal path planning with the target charging pile as the destination through the path planning module, if not match, judge whether to wait for charging, if waiting for charging, complete the charging pile reservation and Optimal path planning, otherwise, skip the last locked charging pile, and perform secondary selection and secondary reservation of the target charging pile until the reservation is completed.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810366643.6ACN108556661B (en) | 2018-04-23 | 2018-04-23 | A kind of electric vehicle active charging early warning and reservation method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810366643.6ACN108556661B (en) | 2018-04-23 | 2018-04-23 | A kind of electric vehicle active charging early warning and reservation method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108556661Atrue CN108556661A (en) | 2018-09-21 |
| CN108556661B CN108556661B (en) | 2021-10-22 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810366643.6AActiveCN108556661B (en) | 2018-04-23 | 2018-04-23 | A kind of electric vehicle active charging early warning and reservation method |
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