技术领域technical field
本发明属于能量储存技术领域，涉及一种空气储能系统，尤其涉及一种基于热泵循环和超临界空气存储能量以及利用所存储的能量产生电能的储能系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and relates to an air energy storage system, in particular to an energy storage system based on a heat pump cycle and supercritical air to store energy and utilize the stored energy to generate electric energy.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，可再生能源正逐步成为新增电力重要来源，电网结构和运行模式都发生了重大变化。随着可再生能源(如风能、太阳能等)的日益普及,以及电网调峰、提高电网可靠性和改善电能质量的迫切需求,电力储能系统的重要性日益凸显。储能是智能电网、可再生能源高占比能源系统、“互联网+”智慧能源(以下简称能源互联网)的重要组成部分和关键支撑技术。储能能够为电网运行提供调峰、调频、备用、黑启动、需求响应支撑等多种服务，是提升传统电力系统灵活性、经济性和安全性的重要手段；储能能够显著提高风、光等可再生能源的消纳水平，支撑分布式电力及微网，是推动主体能源由化石能源向可再生能源更替的关键技术；储能能够促进能源生产消费开放共享和灵活交易、实现多能协同，是构建能源互联网，推动电力体制改革和促进能源新业态发展的核心基础。In recent years, renewable energy is gradually becoming an important source of new electricity, and major changes have taken place in the grid structure and operation mode. With the increasing popularity of renewable energy (such as wind energy, solar energy, etc.), and the urgent need for grid peak regulation, improving grid reliability, and improving power quality, the importance of power storage systems has become increasingly prominent. Energy storage is an important component and key supporting technology of smart grids, energy systems with a high proportion of renewable energy, and "Internet +" smart energy (hereinafter referred to as energy Internet). Energy storage can provide peak shaving, frequency regulation, backup, black start, demand response support and other services for power grid operation, and is an important means to improve the flexibility, economy and security of traditional power systems; The consumption level of renewable energy, supporting distributed power and micro-grid is the key technology to promote the replacement of main energy from fossil energy to renewable energy; energy storage can promote the open sharing and flexible transaction of energy production and consumption, and realize multi-energy coordination , is the core basis for building the energy Internet, promoting the reform of the power system and promoting the development of new energy formats.
目前已有电力储能技术包括抽水储能、压缩空气储能、蓄电池储能、超导磁能、飞轮储能和超级电容等。我国储能呈现多元发展的良好态势：抽水蓄能发展迅速；压缩空气储能、飞轮储能，超导储能和超级电容，铅蓄电池、锂离子电池、钠硫电池、液流电池等储能技术研发应用加速；储热、储冷、储氢技术也取得了一定进展。其中以抽水储能、储热储能和压缩空气储能为代表的物理方法储能由于其成本低、储能容量大，适合大规模商业化应用，约占世界储能总量的99.5％。At present, the existing power energy storage technologies include pumped water energy storage, compressed air energy storage, battery energy storage, superconducting magnetic energy, flywheel energy storage and supercapacitors. my country's energy storage is showing a good trend of diversified development: pumped storage is developing rapidly; compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, superconducting energy storage and supercapacitors, lead storage batteries, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, flow batteries and other energy storage The application of technology research and development has accelerated; heat storage, cold storage, and hydrogen storage technologies have also made some progress. Among them, physical energy storage represented by pumped water storage, thermal energy storage and compressed air energy storage is suitable for large-scale commercial applications due to its low cost and large energy storage capacity, accounting for about 99.5% of the world's total energy storage.
抽水电站储能系统在电力系统处于谷值负荷时让电动机带动水泵把低水库的水通过管道抽到高水库以消耗一部分电能。当峰值负荷来临时，高水库的水通过管道使水泵和电动机逆向运转而变成水轮机和发电机发出电能供给用户，由此起到削峰填谷的作用。抽水电站储能系统技术上成熟可靠、效率高(约70％)、储能容量大等优点，目前已经广泛使用。但是，抽水电站储能系统需要特殊的地理条件建造两个水库和水坝，建设周期很长(一般约7～15年)，初期投资巨大。更为棘手的是，建造大型水库会大面积淹没植被甚至城市，造成生态和移民问题，因此建造抽水电站储能系统受到了越来越大的限制。The energy storage system of the pumped hydropower station allows the motor to drive the water pump to pump the water from the low reservoir to the high reservoir through the pipeline to consume part of the electric energy when the power system is at the valley load. When the peak load comes, the water in the high reservoir passes through the pipeline to make the water pump and the motor run in reverse, and then turns into a water turbine and a generator to generate electricity for the user, thus playing the role of peak shaving and valley filling. The energy storage system of the pumped hydropower station has the advantages of mature and reliable technology, high efficiency (about 70%), and large energy storage capacity, and has been widely used at present. However, the pumped hydropower station energy storage system requires special geographical conditions to build two reservoirs and dams, the construction period is very long (generally about 7 to 15 years), and the initial investment is huge. What's more difficult is that the construction of large-scale reservoirs will flood vegetation and even cities in large areas, causing ecological and immigration problems, so the construction of pumped hydropower storage systems has been increasingly restricted.
传统压缩空气储能系统在用电低谷，将空气压缩并存于储气室中，使电能转化为空气的内能存储起来；在用电高峰，高压空气从储气室释放，进入燃气轮机燃烧室同燃料一起燃烧，然后驱动透平发电。压缩空气储能系统具有储能容量较大、储能周期长、效率高(50％～70％)和单位投资相对较小等优点。但是，压缩空气储能技术的储能密度低，难点是需要合适的能储存压缩空气的场所，例如密封的山洞或废弃矿井等。而且，压缩空气储能系统仍然依赖燃烧化石燃料提供热源，一方面面临化石燃料逐渐枯竭和价格上涨的威胁，另一方面其燃烧仍然产生氮化物、硫化物和二氧化碳等污染物，不符合绿色(零排放)、可再生的能源发展要求。The traditional compressed air energy storage system compresses the air and stores it in the gas storage chamber during the low electricity consumption, so that the electric energy is converted into the internal energy of the air and stored; during the peak power consumption, the high-pressure air is released from the gas storage chamber and enters the combustion chamber of the gas turbine at the same time. The fuel is burned together and drives a turbine to generate electricity. The compressed air energy storage system has the advantages of large energy storage capacity, long energy storage period, high efficiency (50%-70%) and relatively small unit investment. However, the energy storage density of compressed air energy storage technology is low, and the difficulty lies in the need for suitable places where compressed air can be stored, such as sealed caves or abandoned mines. Moreover, the compressed air energy storage system still relies on the burning of fossil fuels to provide heat sources. On the one hand, it faces the threat of the gradual depletion of fossil fuels and rising prices; Zero emissions), renewable energy development requirements.
为解决传统压缩空气储能系统面临的主要问题，最近几年国内外学者分别开展了先进绝热压缩空气储能系统(AACAES)、地面压缩空气储能系统(SVCAES)、带回热的压缩空气储能系统(AACAES)和空气蒸汽联合循环压缩空气储能系统(CASH)的研究等，使压缩空气储能系统基本可以避免燃烧化石燃料，但压缩空气储能系统的能量密度仍然很低，需要大型的储气室。In order to solve the main problems faced by traditional compressed air energy storage systems, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage systems (AACAES), surface compressed air energy storage systems (SVCAES), compressed air storage Energy storage system (AACAES) and air-steam combined cycle compressed air energy storage system (CASH), etc., make the compressed air energy storage system basically avoid burning fossil fuels, but the energy density of the compressed air energy storage system is still very low, requiring a large of the gas storage chamber.
近年来，国内外学者发展了液态空气储能系统等，由于采用常压液态空气储存,储能密度较高。但是，液态空气储能系统存在系统循环效率较低、灵活性较差等问题。In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have developed liquid air energy storage systems, etc. Due to the use of atmospheric pressure liquid air storage, the energy storage density is relatively high. However, the liquid air energy storage system has problems such as low system cycle efficiency and poor flexibility.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有空气储能技术中所存在的缺点和不足，本发明的目的是提供一种热泵超临界空气储能系统，相比现有的压缩空气储能系统等具有储能密度大的特点，相比液态空气储能系统，具有系统储能效率高、灵活性强的特点,可以适合各种类型的电站配套使用。In view of the shortcomings and deficiencies existing in the existing air energy storage technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat pump supercritical air energy storage system, which has the characteristics of high energy storage density compared with the existing compressed air energy storage system, etc. Compared with the liquid air energy storage system, it has the characteristics of high energy storage efficiency and strong flexibility, and can be suitable for various types of power stations.
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术解决方案是：For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
一种热泵超临界空气储能系统，包括空气压缩机组、蓄热换热器、蓄冷换热器、液态空气储罐、空气膨胀机组、热泵循环压缩机组、热泵循环膨胀机组、低温泵，其特征在于，A heat pump supercritical air energy storage system, including an air compressor unit, a heat storage heat exchanger, a cold storage heat exchanger, a liquid air storage tank, an air expansion unit, a heat pump cycle compressor unit, a heat pump cycle expander unit, and a cryopump. is that
所述热泵循环压缩机组的出气口经所述蓄热换热器与所述热泵循环膨胀机组的进气口连通，所述热泵循环膨胀机组的出气口经所述蓄冷换热器与所述热泵循环压缩机组的的进气口连通，所述热泵循环压缩机组、蓄热换热器、热泵循环膨胀机组、蓄冷换热器之间通过管线形成封闭的热泵制冷制热回路；The gas outlet of the heat pump cycle compressor unit communicates with the air inlet of the heat pump cycle expansion unit through the heat storage heat exchanger, and the gas outlet of the heat pump cycle expansion unit communicates with the heat pump cycle through the cold storage heat exchanger. The air inlet of the circulating compressor unit is connected, and a closed heat pump cooling and heating circuit is formed between the heat pump circulating compressor unit, the heat storage heat exchanger, the heat pump circulating expansion unit, and the cold storage heat exchanger through pipelines;
所述空气压缩机组的进气口与大气连通，出气口依次经所述蓄热换热器、蓄冷换热器与所述液态空气储罐顶部的液态空气进口连通，且与所述液态空气储罐顶部的液态空气进口连通的管线上设有膨胀阀门，所述液态空气储罐顶部的不凝气体排气口经所述蓄冷换热器与排气管线连通，所述排气管线与大气连通，所述空气压缩机组、蓄热换热器、蓄冷换热器、液态空气储罐之间通过管线形成储能空气回路；The air inlet of the air compressor unit communicates with the atmosphere, and the air outlet communicates with the liquid air inlet on the top of the liquid air storage tank through the heat storage heat exchanger and the cold storage heat exchanger in turn, and is connected with the liquid air storage tank. An expansion valve is installed on the pipeline connected to the liquid air inlet on the top of the tank, and the non-condensable gas exhaust port on the top of the liquid air storage tank is connected to the exhaust pipeline through the cold storage heat exchanger, and the exhaust pipeline is connected to the atmosphere , the air compressor unit, the heat storage heat exchanger, the cold storage heat exchanger, and the liquid air storage tank form an energy storage air circuit through pipelines;
所述液态空气储罐底部的液态空气出口经所述低温泵、蓄冷换热器、蓄热换热器与所述空气膨胀机组的进气口连通，所述空气膨胀机组的排气口与大气连通，与所述低温泵进口连通的管线上设有控制阀门，所述液态空气储罐、低温泵、蓄冷换热器、蓄热换热器、空气膨胀机组之间通过管线形成释能做功回路。The liquid air outlet at the bottom of the liquid air storage tank communicates with the air inlet of the air expansion unit through the cryopump, cold storage heat exchanger, and heat storage heat exchanger, and the exhaust port of the air expansion unit is connected to the atmosphere. The pipeline connected with the inlet of the cryopump is provided with a control valve, and the liquid air storage tank, the cryopump, the cold storage heat exchanger, the heat storage heat exchanger, and the air expansion unit form an energy release circuit through the pipeline. .
本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统，其工作过程为：The working process of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention is as follows:
储能时，关闭控制阀门，动力源驱动所述热泵循环压缩机组，将常温低压的热泵循环气体工质压缩至高温高压态，之后经过所述蓄热换热器温度降低至常温的同时由所述蓄热换热器存储高温热能；常温高压的热泵循环气体工质进一步经过所述热泵循环膨胀机组转变为低温低压状态；低温低压的热泵循环气体工质经所述蓄冷换热器后温度升高至常温同时低温冷能传递给储能空气回路中的压缩空气；常温低压的热泵循环气体工质重新进入所述热泵循环压缩机组的进气口参与热泵循环；When storing energy, the control valve is closed, and the power source drives the heat pump cycle compressor unit to compress the heat pump cycle gas working medium at normal temperature and low pressure to a high temperature and high pressure state, and then the temperature is lowered to normal temperature through the heat storage heat exchanger, and at the same time, the The heat storage heat exchanger stores high-temperature heat energy; the normal-temperature and high-pressure heat pump circulating gas working medium is further transformed into a low-temperature and low-pressure state through the heat pump circulating expansion unit; the temperature of the low-temperature and low-pressure heat pump circulating gas working medium passes through the cold storage heat exchanger. At the same time, the low temperature cold energy is transferred to the compressed air in the energy storage air circuit; the normal temperature and low pressure heat pump cycle gas working medium re-enters the air inlet of the heat pump cycle compressor unit to participate in the heat pump cycle;
且在储能时，动力源驱动所述空气压缩机组，将空气压缩为高压空气；高压空气经过所述蓄热换热器后温度降低，进一步经过所述蓄冷换热器后至高压低温态，然后由所述膨胀阀门进一步降低压力得到高压低温液态空气及低温不凝气体，由所述液态空气储罐存储该液态空气和低温不凝气体；And when storing energy, the power source drives the air compressor unit to compress the air into high-pressure air; the temperature of the high-pressure air decreases after passing through the heat storage heat exchanger, and then reaches a high-pressure and low-temperature state after passing through the cold storage heat exchanger. Then the pressure is further reduced by the expansion valve to obtain high-pressure low-temperature liquid air and low-temperature non-condensable gas, and the liquid air and low-temperature non-condensable gas are stored by the liquid air storage tank;
释能时，打开所述控制阀门，所述液态空气储罐内的液态空气经所述低温泵后压力提升至低温高压态，之后流经所述蓄冷换热器，其低温冷能得到回收，并进一步流经所述蓄热换热器吸收热能，至中高温高压空气，中高温高压空气注入所述空气膨胀机组膨胀做功。When the energy is released, the control valve is opened, and the pressure of the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank is raised to a low-temperature and high-pressure state after passing through the cryopump, and then flows through the cold storage heat exchanger, and its low-temperature cold energy is recovered. And further flow through the heat storage heat exchanger to absorb heat energy, to the medium-high temperature and high-pressure air, and the medium-high temperature and high-pressure air is injected into the air expansion unit to expand and perform work.
优选地，所述的热泵循环气体工质为单原子分子气体、双原子分子气体或多原子分子气体的一种或多种的混合。Preferably, the heat pump cycle gas working medium is a mixture of one or more of monoatomic molecular gas, diatomic molecular gas or polyatomic molecular gas.
所述的单原子分子气体的热泵循环气体工质，为氦气、氩气的一种或两种混合。The heat pump cycle gas working fluid of the monoatomic molecular gas is one or a mixture of helium and argon.
优选地，所述热泵循环压缩机组的动力源为驱动电机或风力机；当所述动力源为驱动电机时，是以常规电站低谷电、核电、风电、太阳能发电、水电或潮汐发电其中的一种或多种为电源。Preferably, the power source of the heat pump cycle compressor unit is a driving motor or a wind turbine; when the power source is a driving motor, it is one of conventional power station low power, nuclear power, wind power, solar power, hydropower or tidal power One or more are power sources.
优选地，空气压缩、冷却过程中还包括空气净化与纯化，除去空气中的固体物及杂质气体；空气净化与纯化设备集成在所述空气压缩机组及蓄热换热器中。Preferably, the air compression and cooling process also includes air purification and purification to remove solids and impurity gases in the air; air purification and purification equipment is integrated in the air compressor unit and the heat storage heat exchanger.
优选地，所述空气压缩机组，总压比在36～340之间；当为多台压缩机时，多台压缩机为共轴串联形式、或分轴并联形式；并联形式中，各分轴与主驱动轴动连接。Preferably, the total pressure ratio of the air compressor unit is between 36 and 340; when there are multiple compressors, the multiple compressors are in the form of coaxial series or split shaft parallel connection; in the parallel mode, each split shaft It is dynamically connected with the main drive shaft.
优选地，所述空气膨胀机组，总膨胀比在38～340之间，末级膨胀机排气接近常压；当为多台膨胀机时，多台膨胀机为共轴串联形式、或分轴并联形式；并联形式中，各分轴与主驱动轴动连接；各级膨胀机的进气均先经过蓄热换热器加热升温。Preferably, the total expansion ratio of the air expansion unit is between 38 and 340, and the exhaust gas of the final expander is close to normal pressure; when there are multiple expanders, the multiple expanders are in the form of coaxial series or split shafts Parallel connection mode; in the parallel connection mode, each sub-shaft is dynamically connected with the main drive shaft; the intake air of the expanders at all levels is firstly heated by the heat storage heat exchanger.
优选地，所述热泵循环压缩机组，总压比在5～40之间；当为多台压缩机时，多台压缩机为共轴串联形式、或分轴并联形式；并联形式中，各分轴与主驱动轴动连接。Preferably, the total pressure ratio of the heat pump cycle compressor unit is between 5 and 40; when there are multiple compressors, the multiple compressors are in the form of coaxial series connection or split shaft parallel connection; The shaft is dynamically connected with the main drive shaft.
优选地，所述热泵循环膨胀机组，总膨胀比在5～40之间；当为多台膨胀机时，多台膨胀机为共轴串联形式、或分轴并联形式；并联形式中，各分轴与主驱动轴动连接。Preferably, the total expansion ratio of the heat pump cycle expansion unit is between 5 and 40; when there are multiple expanders, the multiple expanders are in the form of coaxial series connection or split shaft parallel connection; in the parallel connection mode, each split The shaft is dynamically connected with the main drive shaft.
优选地，所述的空气压缩机组，是活塞式、轴流式、离心式、螺杆式或混合式。Preferably, the air compressor unit is piston type, axial flow type, centrifugal type, screw type or hybrid type.
优选地，所述的空气膨胀机组，是活塞式、轴流式、向心式、螺杆式或混合式。Preferably, the air expansion unit is piston type, axial flow type, centripetal type, screw type or hybrid type.
优选地，所述的热泵循环压缩机组，是活塞式、轴流式、离心式、螺杆式或混合式。Preferably, the heat pump cycle compressor unit is piston type, axial flow type, centrifugal type, screw type or hybrid type.
优选地，所述的热泵循环膨胀机组，是活塞式、轴流式、向心式、螺杆式或混合式。Preferably, the heat pump cycle expansion unit is piston type, axial flow type, centripetal type, screw type or mixed type.
优选地，所述的多台压缩机、多台膨胀机分别分布在一根驱动轴或多根驱动轴上。Preferably, the multiple compressors and expanders are respectively distributed on one drive shaft or multiple drive shafts.
优选地，所述的热泵循环压缩机组、热泵循环膨胀机组分布在一根驱动轴上，或通过变速箱连接的多根驱动轴上。Preferably, the heat pump cycle compressor unit and the heat pump cycle expander unit are distributed on one drive shaft, or on multiple drive shafts connected through a gearbox.
优选地，所述蓄热换热器，其蓄热形式是显热、潜热或化学反应热中的一种或几种，其换热形式是高压空气直接接触蓄热材料或者通过换热表面与蓄热材料换热；采用的蓄热介质是水、石蜡、生物质油、无机类结晶水合盐、熔融盐、金属及其合金、有机类脂肪酸、石头、岩石或混凝土，蓄热介质储存在绝热容器中。Preferably, in the heat storage heat exchanger, the heat storage form is one or more of sensible heat, latent heat or chemical reaction heat, and the heat exchange form is that the high-pressure air directly contacts the heat storage material or the heat exchange surface interacts with the heat storage material. Heat storage material heat exchange; the heat storage medium used is water, paraffin, biomass oil, inorganic crystalline hydrated salt, molten salt, metal and its alloy, organic fatty acid, stone, rock or concrete, and the heat storage medium is stored in adiabatic in the container.
优选地，所述的蓄冷换热器，其蓄冷形式是显热蓄冷或固液相变蓄冷中的一种或组合；其换热形式是高压液态空气在蓄冷器中与蓄冷介质直接接触换热或非直接接触换热；采用的显热蓄冷介质，是密封冰球、沙石子、混凝土、铝带盘或其它金属物质中的一种或几种；固液相变蓄冷介质，是氨及其水溶液、盐类水溶液、烷烃类、烯烃类物质及其化合物，醇类及其水溶液中的一种或几种，蓄冷介质存储在绝热容器中。Preferably, the cool storage form of the cold storage heat exchanger is one or a combination of sensible heat storage or solid-liquid phase change cold storage; the heat exchange form is that high-pressure liquid air directly contacts the cold storage medium in the cold storage to exchange heat or non-direct contact heat exchange; the sensible heat storage medium used is one or more of sealed ice balls, sand, concrete, aluminum tape or other metal substances; the solid-liquid phase change cold storage medium is ammonia and its One or more of aqueous solutions, salt solutions, alkanes, olefins and their compounds, alcohols and their aqueous solutions, and cold storage media are stored in heat-insulated containers.
优选地，所述蓄热换热器，还包括热泵循环气体与压缩空气换热的换热器，其换热器形式为列管式、管翅式、板翅式或板式的一种或多种的组合。Preferably, the heat storage heat exchanger also includes a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between heat pump circulating gas and compressed air, and the heat exchanger is in one or more forms of shell and tube, tube-fin, plate-fin or plate combination of species.
优选地，所述蓄冷换热器，还包括热泵循环气体与压缩空气换热的换热器，其换热器形式为列管式、管翅式、板翅式或板式的一种或多种的组合。Preferably, the cold storage heat exchanger also includes a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the circulating gas of the heat pump and the compressed air, and the heat exchanger is one or more of tube-and-tube, tube-fin, plate-fin or plate The combination.
优选地，所述热泵超临界空气储能系统，还包括热泵循环气体回路与压缩空气换热回路换热的低温热交换器，其换热器形式为列管式、管翅式、板翅式或板式的一种或多种的组合。Preferably, the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system also includes a low-temperature heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the heat pump circulating gas circuit and the compressed air heat exchange circuit, and the heat exchanger is in the form of tube-and-tube, tube-fin, and plate-fin Or a combination of one or more types of plates.
优选地，所述低温换热器主要用于储能空气回路与热泵制冷制热回路的换热，所述热泵循环膨胀机组的出气口依次经所述低温换热器的冷侧、蓄冷换热器后与所述热泵循环压缩机组的进气口连通，所述空气压缩机组的出气口依次经所述蓄热换热器、蓄冷换热器、低温换热器的热侧后与所述液态空气储罐顶部的液态空气进口连通。Preferably, the low-temperature heat exchanger is mainly used for heat exchange between the energy storage air circuit and the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit, and the air outlet of the heat pump cycle expansion unit passes through the cold side of the low-temperature heat exchanger, cold storage and heat exchange successively. After connecting with the air inlet of the heat pump cycle compressor unit, the air outlet of the air compressor unit passes through the heat storage heat exchanger, the cold storage heat exchanger and the hot side of the low temperature heat exchanger successively, and then connects with the liquid Liquid air inlet connection at the top of the air tank.
优选地，所述空气压缩机组和空气膨胀机组均为多级串联、级间通过所述蓄热换热器进行储热和释热的形式。Preferably, both the air compressor unit and the air expansion unit are multi-stage in series, and heat storage and release are performed between stages through the heat storage heat exchanger.
同现有技术相比，本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统具有显著的技术优点：采用电站低谷(低价)电将空气压缩至高压状态，并利用存储的冷能和热泵循环得到的低温冷能将高压空气冷却至低温态(同时存储热泵循环制得的热能)，减压后得到液态空气；在用电高峰，高压液态空气经过低温泵增压后进入蓄冷器，吸热至常温高压状态，同时存储冷能，并进一步吸收已存储的热能(包括空气压缩热和热泵循环制热)后通过膨胀机驱动发电机发电。本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统具有能量密度高、效率高、灵活性强、适用于电网调峰和各种可再生能源电站、不产生温室气体等优点。Compared with the prior art, the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention has significant technical advantages: the low-valence (low price) electricity of the power station is used to compress the air to a high-pressure state, and the stored cold energy and the low temperature obtained by the heat pump cycle are used The cold energy cools the high-pressure air to a low-temperature state (while storing the heat energy obtained by the heat pump cycle), and obtains liquid air after decompression; at the peak of power consumption, the high-pressure liquid air enters the cold storage after being pressurized by the cryopump, absorbing heat to normal temperature and high pressure At the same time, it stores cold energy, and further absorbs the stored heat energy (including air compression heat and heat pump cycle heating), and then drives the generator to generate electricity through the expander. The heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention has the advantages of high energy density, high efficiency, and strong flexibility, is suitable for power grid peak regulation and various renewable energy power stations, and does not generate greenhouse gases.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统实施例1的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention;
图2为本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统实施例2的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention;
图3为本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统实施例3的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 3 of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention;
图4为本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统实施例4的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention;
其中，in,
空气压缩机组1、蓄热换热器2、蓄冷换热器3、液态空气储罐4、空气膨胀机组5、热泵循环压缩机组6、热泵循环膨胀机组7、热泵驱动电机8、驱动电机9、发电机10、膨胀阀门13、控制阀门17、低温泵19、管线11，12，14，15，16，18，20，21，22，23，24，25，大气A、低温换热器30。Air compressor unit 1, heat storage heat exchanger 2, cold storage heat exchanger 3, liquid air storage tank 4, air expansion unit 5, heat pump cycle compressor unit 6, heat pump cycle expansion unit 7, heat pump drive motor 8, drive motor 9, Generator 10, expansion valve 13, control valve 17, cryopump 19, pipelines 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, atmosphere A, cryogenic heat exchanger 30.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下参照附图并举实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。需要说明的是，附图中未绘示或描述的实现方式，为所属技术领域中普通技术人员所知的形式。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that implementations not shown or described in the accompanying drawings are forms known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，为本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统的实施例1。本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统，包括空气压缩机组1、蓄热换热器2、蓄冷换热器3、液态空气储罐4、空气膨胀机组5、热泵循环压缩机组6、热泵循环膨胀机组7、低温泵19。As shown in Figure 1, it is Embodiment 1 of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention. The heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention includes an air compressor unit 1, a heat storage heat exchanger 2, a cold storage heat exchanger 3, a liquid air storage tank 4, an air expansion unit 5, a heat pump cycle compressor unit 6, and a heat pump cycle expansion unit Unit 7, cryopump 19.
热泵循环压缩机组6的出气口经蓄热换热器2与热泵循环膨胀机组7的进气口连通，热泵循环膨胀机组7的出气口经蓄冷换热器3与热泵循环压缩机组6的进气口连通，热泵循环压缩机组6、蓄热换热器2、热泵循环膨胀机组7、蓄冷换热器3之间通过管线22～25形成封闭的热泵制冷制热回路。The air outlet of the heat pump cycle compressor unit 6 communicates with the air inlet of the heat pump cycle expansion unit 7 through the heat storage heat exchanger 2, and the air outlet of the heat pump cycle expansion unit 7 communicates with the air intake of the heat pump cycle compressor unit 6 through the cold storage heat exchanger 3 The heat pump cycle compressor unit 6, the heat storage heat exchanger 2, the heat pump cycle expansion unit 7, and the cold storage heat exchanger 3 form a closed heat pump cooling and heating circuit through pipelines 22-25.
空气压缩机组1的进气口A与大气连通，出气口通过管线11、12、14依次经蓄热换热器2、蓄冷换热器3与液态空气储罐4顶部的液态空气进口连通，且与液态空气储罐4顶部的液态空气进口连通的管线14上设有膨胀阀门13，液态空气储罐4顶部的不凝气体排气口通过管线15经蓄冷换热器3与排气管线16连通，排气管线16与大气连通，空气压缩机组1、蓄热换热器2、蓄冷换热器3、液态空气储罐4之间通过管线形成储能空气回路。The air inlet A of the air compressor unit 1 communicates with the atmosphere, and the air outlet communicates with the liquid air inlet on the top of the liquid air storage tank 4 through the pipelines 11, 12, and 14 successively through the heat storage heat exchanger 2 and the cold storage heat exchanger 3, and The pipeline 14 communicating with the liquid air inlet on the top of the liquid air storage tank 4 is provided with an expansion valve 13, and the non-condensable gas exhaust port on the top of the liquid air storage tank 4 communicates with the exhaust pipeline 16 through the cold storage heat exchanger 3 through the pipeline 15 , the exhaust pipeline 16 communicates with the atmosphere, and the air compressor unit 1, the heat storage heat exchanger 2, the cold storage heat exchanger 3, and the liquid air storage tank 4 form an energy storage air circuit through pipelines.
液态空气储罐4底部的液态空气出口通过管线18、20～22经低温泵19、蓄冷换热器3、蓄热换热器2与空气膨胀机组5的进气口连通，空气膨胀机组5的排气口与大气连通，与低温泵19进口连通的管线上设有控制阀门17，液态空气储罐4、低温泵19、蓄冷换热器3、蓄热换热器2、空气膨胀机组5之间通过管线形成释能做功回路。The liquid air outlet at the bottom of the liquid air storage tank 4 communicates with the air inlet of the air expansion unit 5 through the pipelines 18, 20-22, the cryopump 19, the cold storage heat exchanger 3, and the heat storage heat exchanger 2. The exhaust port is connected to the atmosphere, and the pipeline connected to the inlet of the cryopump 19 is provided with a control valve 17, the liquid air storage tank 4, the cryopump 19, the cold storage heat exchanger 3, the heat storage heat exchanger 2, and the air expansion unit 5 Between pipelines to form a power release circuit.
进一步地，热泵循环压缩机组6和热泵循环膨胀机组7同轴设置，热泵循环压缩机组6和热泵循环膨胀机组7的共有传动轴与一热泵驱动电机8固接。Further, the heat pump cycle compressor unit 6 and the heat pump cycle expander unit 7 are arranged coaxially, and the common transmission shaft of the heat pump cycle compressor unit 6 and the heat pump cycle expander unit 7 is fixedly connected to a heat pump drive motor 8 .
进一步地，空气压缩机组1的输入轴与一驱动电机9固接，空气膨胀机组5的输出轴与一发电机10固接。Further, the input shaft of the air compressor unit 1 is fixedly connected to a driving motor 9 , and the output shaft of the air expansion unit 5 is fixedly connected to a generator 10 .
本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统，其工作过程为：The working process of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention is as follows:
在储能时，利用热泵驱动电机8驱动热泵循环压缩机组6，将一定量的常温低压热泵循环气体工质压缩至高温高压态；经过管线22进入蓄热换热器2温度降低至常温，同时将高温热能存储至蓄热换热器2变为常温高压热泵循环气体工质；常温高压的热泵循环气体工质进一步经过管线23进入热泵循环膨胀机组7转变为低温低压热泵循环气体工质，同时产生膨胀功补充热泵循环压缩机组6的耗功；低温低压的热泵循环气体工质进一步经管线24进入蓄冷换热器3，温度升高至常温同时低温冷能传递至主路压缩空气；常温低压的热泵循环气体工质重新经过管线25进入热泵循环压缩机组6的进气口参与热泵循环；When storing energy, use the heat pump drive motor 8 to drive the heat pump cycle compressor unit 6 to compress a certain amount of normal temperature and low pressure heat pump cycle gas working fluid to a high temperature and high pressure state; enter the heat storage heat exchanger 2 through the pipeline 22 and reduce the temperature to normal temperature, and at the same time The high-temperature heat energy is stored in the heat storage heat exchanger 2 to become the normal temperature and high pressure heat pump circulating gas working medium; the normal temperature and high pressure heat pump circulating gas working medium further enters the heat pump circulating expansion unit 7 through the pipeline 23 to be transformed into a low temperature and low pressure heat pump circulating gas working medium, and at the same time Generate expansion work to supplement the power consumption of the heat pump cycle compressor unit 6; the low-temperature and low-pressure heat pump cycle gas working medium further enters the cold storage heat exchanger 3 through the pipeline 24, and the temperature rises to room temperature while the low-temperature cold energy is transferred to the main road compressed air; The heat pump cycle gas working medium enters the air inlet of the heat pump cycle compressor unit 6 through the pipeline 25 again to participate in the heat pump cycle;
储能时，低谷(低价)电驱动电机9带动空气压缩机组1，空气A进入空气压缩机组1压缩至常温高压状态，空气压缩机组1的出口空气通过管线11进入蓄热换热器2，蓄热换热器2出口空气降至常温通过管线12进入蓄冷换热器3，被蓄冷介质冷却至接近液化温度或液化温度以下。出蓄冷换热器3的低温高压空气经管线14上的膨胀阀门13压力降低后得到液态空气及低温不凝气体，存储于液态空气储罐4中。液态空气储罐4中的低温不凝气体经顶部管线15进入蓄冷换热器3，剩余冷能被蓄冷换热器3吸收后经管线16排入大气。During energy storage, the low-valley (low price) electric drive motor 9 drives the air compressor unit 1, the air A enters the air compressor unit 1 and is compressed to a normal temperature and high pressure state, and the outlet air of the air compressor unit 1 enters the heat storage heat exchanger 2 through the pipeline 11, The air at the outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger 2 drops to normal temperature and enters the cold storage heat exchanger 3 through the pipeline 12, and is cooled by the cold storage medium to close to or below the liquefaction temperature. The low-temperature and high-pressure air leaving the cold storage heat exchanger 3 is reduced in pressure by the expansion valve 13 on the pipeline 14 to obtain liquid air and low-temperature non-condensable gas, which are stored in the liquid air storage tank 4 . The low-temperature non-condensable gas in the liquid air storage tank 4 enters the cold storage heat exchanger 3 through the top pipeline 15 , and the remaining cold energy is absorbed by the cold storage heat exchanger 3 and then discharged into the atmosphere through the pipeline 16 .
释能时，打开控制阀门17，液态空气储罐4中的液态空气经过管线18进入低温泵19，将液态空气增压到一定压力后，由管线20输送至蓄冷换热器3与蓄冷介质换热并气化，同时回收冷量，出蓄冷换热器3的高压空气再经由管线21进入蓄热换热器2进一步升温，温度升高后的高压空气通过管线22注入空气膨胀机组5膨胀做功，带动发电机10发电。When the energy is released, the control valve 17 is opened, and the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank 4 enters the cryopump 19 through the pipeline 18. After the liquid air is pressurized to a certain pressure, it is transported to the cold storage heat exchanger 3 by the pipeline 20 to exchange with the cold storage medium. Heat and vaporize, and recover the cooling capacity at the same time, the high-pressure air exiting the cold storage heat exchanger 3 enters the heat storage heat exchanger 2 through the pipeline 21 to further heat up, and the high-pressure air after the temperature rise is injected into the air expansion unit 5 through the pipeline 22 to expand and perform work , drive the generator 10 to generate electricity.
储能时，热泵驱动电机8带动由热泵循环压缩机组6、蓄热换热器2、热泵循环膨胀机组7、蓄冷换热器3形成的热泵制冷制热回路工作。空气压缩机组1工作，空气膨胀机组5关停，阀门13开启，控制阀门17关闭，蓄热换热器2储存热量，蓄冷换热器3释放冷量，将高压空气冷却至低温液态。释能时则相反，空气压缩机组1关停，阀门13关闭，控制阀门17开启。空气膨胀机组5工作，蓄冷换热器3回收、储存冷量，同时高压液态空气升温，则释放热能，进一步提升高压空气温度。When storing energy, the heat pump drive motor 8 drives the heat pump cooling and heating circuit formed by the heat pump cycle compressor unit 6, heat storage heat exchanger 2, heat pump cycle expansion unit 7, and cold storage heat exchanger 3 to work. The air compressor unit 1 works, the air expansion unit 5 shuts down, the valve 13 opens, the control valve 17 closes, the heat storage heat exchanger 2 stores heat, and the cold storage heat exchanger 3 releases cold energy to cool the high-pressure air to a low-temperature liquid state. The opposite is true when the energy is released, the air compressor unit 1 is shut down, the valve 13 is closed, and the control valve 17 is opened. The air expansion unit 5 works, and the cold storage heat exchanger 3 recovers and stores cold energy, and at the same time, the high-pressure liquid air heats up, releasing heat energy to further increase the temperature of the high-pressure air.
实施例2Example 2
图2为本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统的实施例2，其主体结构与实施例1相同，不同之处在于在热泵制冷制热回路和储能空气回路上增加了一低温换热器30，低温换热器30主要用于储能空气回路与热泵制冷制热回路的换热，热泵循环膨胀机组7的出气口依次经低温换热器30的冷侧、蓄冷换热器3后与热泵循环压缩机组6的进气口连通，空气压缩机组1的出气口依次经蓄热换热器2、蓄冷换热器3、低温换热器30的热侧后与液态空气储罐4顶部的液态空气进口连通。Figure 2 is Embodiment 2 of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention, its main structure is the same as that of Embodiment 1, the difference is that a low-temperature heat exchanger is added to the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit and the energy storage air circuit 30. The low-temperature heat exchanger 30 is mainly used for heat exchange between the energy storage air circuit and the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit. The air outlet of the heat pump cycle expansion unit 7 passes through the cold side of the low-temperature heat exchanger 30 and the cold storage heat exchanger 3 in sequence. The air inlet of the heat pump cycle compressor unit 6 is connected, and the air outlet of the air compressor unit 1 passes through the heat storage heat exchanger 2, the cold storage heat exchanger 3, and the hot side of the low temperature heat exchanger 30 successively, and connects with the top of the liquid air storage tank 4. The liquid air inlet is connected.
储能时，热泵制冷制热回路产生的低温冷能首先通过低温换热器30将低温冷能交换给储能空气回路中的低温压缩空气后，经过蓄冷换热器3释放剩余冷能。During energy storage, the low-temperature cold energy generated by the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit first exchanges the low-temperature cold energy with the low-temperature compressed air in the energy storage air circuit through the low-temperature heat exchanger 30 , and then releases the remaining cold energy through the cold storage heat exchanger 3 .
实施例3Example 3
图3为本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统的实施例3，其主体结构与实施例1相同，空气压缩机组1和空气膨胀机组5均为多级串联、级间通过蓄热换热器3进行储热和释热的形式。Figure 3 is Embodiment 3 of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention, its main structure is the same as that of Embodiment 1, the air compressor unit 1 and the air expansion unit 5 are multi-stage series, and the heat storage heat exchanger is passed between the stages 3 in the form of heat storage and heat release.
实施例4Example 4
图4为本发明的热泵超临界空气储能系统的实施例4，其主体结构综合了实施例2、3的结构特点，压缩空气压缩机组1和压缩空气膨胀机组5均为多级串联、级间通过蓄热换热器3进行储热和释热的形式。并在热泵制冷制热回路和储能空气回路上增加了一低温换热器30，低温换热器30主要用于储能空气回路与热泵制冷制热回路的换热。Fig. 4 is embodiment 4 of the heat pump supercritical air energy storage system of the present invention, its main structure combines the structural characteristics of embodiments 2 and 3, the compressed air compressor unit 1 and the compressed air expansion unit 5 are multi-stage series, stage The form of heat storage and heat release is carried out through the heat storage heat exchanger 3. A low-temperature heat exchanger 30 is added to the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit and the energy storage air circuit. The low temperature heat exchanger 30 is mainly used for heat exchange between the energy storage air circuit and the heat pump refrigeration and heating circuit.
此外，需要说明的是，本说明书中所描述的具体实施例，其零、部件的形状、所取名称等可以不同。凡依本发明构思所述的构造、特征及原理所做的等效或简单变化，均包括于本发明的保护范围内。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离本发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in this specification may be different in terms of parts, shapes and names of components. All equivalent or simple changes made according to the structures, features and principles of the concept of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or adopt similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims. All should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810485587.8ACN108533476B (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Heat pump supercritical air energy storage system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810485587.8ACN108533476B (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Heat pump supercritical air energy storage system |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108533476Atrue CN108533476A (en) | 2018-09-14 |
| CN108533476B CN108533476B (en) | 2024-07-23 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810485587.8AActiveCN108533476B (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Heat pump supercritical air energy storage system |
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