技术领域technical field
本方法涉及一种煤层瓦斯压力评测方法，尤其涉及一种基于光纤传感阵列分布测量的煤层瓦斯动态压力评测方法。The method relates to a coal seam gas pressure evaluation method, in particular to a coal seam gas dynamic pressure evaluation method based on optical fiber sensor array distribution measurement.
背景技术Background technique
煤炭能源长期占据我国能源生产和消费的主导地位，但是煤层瓦斯时刻威胁着作业人员的生命和生产系统的安全，瓦斯灾害事故的防治是煤矿安全生产的重中之重。受煤层地压和煤层地质条件的影响，煤炭生产过程中，煤层瓦斯压力动态变化，如果监测和处理不到位随时有瓦斯突出和瓦斯爆炸的危险。煤层瓦斯压力的实时评测则是辨识和预防瓦斯灾害的“避雷针”，其测定工作是一切瓦斯防治措施的基础。Coal energy has long occupied the leading position in my country's energy production and consumption, but coal seam gas always threatens the lives of operators and the safety of production systems. The prevention and control of gas disasters and accidents is the top priority of coal mine safety production. Affected by coal seam pressure and coal seam geological conditions, coal seam gas pressure changes dynamically during coal production. If monitoring and treatment are not in place, there will be danger of gas outburst and gas explosion at any time. The real-time evaluation of coal seam gas pressure is the "lightning rod" for identifying and preventing gas disasters, and its measurement is the basis of all gas prevention and control measures.
关于研究煤与瓦斯突出问题，仅凭某一点瓦斯压力测量值来做出煤与瓦斯突出预测、预警是很片面的，不具有说服力，生产中需要根据生产煤层瓦斯分布的特点，通过测量和评估掌握煤层瓦斯运动、动态分布和变化情况，为工作面安全生产和瓦斯突出预测和防突措施开展提供依据。因此，做好井下生产区域煤层的瓦斯动态压力的测量和实时评估是保证生产安全的重要举措。Regarding the study of coal and gas outburst, it is very one-sided and not convincing to make coal and gas outburst predictions and early warnings based on only a certain point of gas pressure measurement. Production needs to be based on the characteristics of gas distribution in production coal seams, through measurement and Evaluate and grasp the movement, dynamic distribution and changes of coal seam gas, and provide a basis for the safe production of the working face and the prediction of gas outburst and the development of outburst prevention measures. Therefore, the measurement and real-time evaluation of the gas dynamic pressure in the coal seam in the underground production area is an important measure to ensure production safety.
煤层瓦斯动态压力测定的精确性、全面性、高效性对煤炭生产安全来说具有重要的意义，传统的电子压力表在瓦斯压力检测方面，简便快捷，应用广泛，但是随着科学技术的进步会发现压力表测压仍存在一些不足：由于其示值准确性依靠人工读数而得不到保证；获取数据点比较单一化，对煤层区域瓦斯动态压力的分布监测技术难度比较大，未曾有人采用。The accuracy, comprehensiveness and efficiency of coal seam gas dynamic pressure measurement are of great significance to the safety of coal production. Traditional electronic pressure gauges are simple, quick and widely used in gas pressure detection. It is found that there are still some deficiencies in the pressure measurement of the pressure gauge: the accuracy of its indication value cannot be guaranteed because it depends on manual reading; the acquisition of data points is relatively simple, and the monitoring technology of the gas dynamic pressure distribution in the coal seam area is relatively difficult, and no one has adopted it.
现有的瓦斯压力测量方案主要存在如下几种:Existing gas pressure measurement schemes mainly exist as follows:
1、瓦斯压力直接测量法1. Gas pressure direct measurement method
通过使用钻机由岩层巷道或煤层巷道向预定煤层瓦斯探测点钻孔，然后在钻孔中引出测压管，再将钻孔严密封孔，通过读取测压管上压力表的读数确定出瓦斯压力。Use a drilling rig to drill a hole from a rock formation roadway or a coal seam roadway to a predetermined coal seam gas detection point, then lead out a piezometric tube in the borehole, then seal the borehole tightly, and determine the gas by reading the pressure gauge on the piezometer tube pressure.
2、瓦斯压力间接测量法2. Indirect measurement of gas pressure
利用瓦斯的一些物理特性推断出瓦斯压力，如通过直接测定瓦斯流量来推测瓦斯压力。The gas pressure is deduced by using some physical characteristics of gas, such as the gas pressure is estimated by directly measuring the gas flow.
3、自钻式煤层瓦斯压力原位测定法3. Self-drilling coal seam gas pressure in-situ measurement method
该装置能够在不抽出钻杆的前提下，实现煤层瓦斯压力的测定，重点用于钻孔易塌、易堵的松软煤层，这相对于传统的测定方法，可有效减少测定工作量，提高煤炭生产效率。The device can realize the measurement of coal seam gas pressure without pulling out the drill pipe, and is mainly used for the soft coal seam where the drilling hole is easy to collapse and block. Compared with the traditional measurement method, it can effectively reduce the measurement workload and improve the quality of coal Productivity.
现有的瓦斯压力测量方案存在以下缺点:The existing gas pressure measurement scheme has the following disadvantages:
1、电子压力测量仪器和非电子压力测量仪器，读数需要靠人工读取，操作不方便，由于井下作业环境较为恶劣，当压力测试点较多时，压力测试变得十分繁琐；1. For electronic pressure measuring instruments and non-electronic pressure measuring instruments, the readings need to be read manually, which is inconvenient to operate. Due to the harsh downhole operating environment, when there are many pressure test points, the pressure test becomes very cumbersome;
2、仅能获得某一时段、某一位置的单一的煤层瓦斯压力数据，通过多点离散测量估计瓦斯压力情况，无法实时测量煤层瓦斯的动态压力状况；2. Only a single coal seam gas pressure data at a certain time period and a certain location can be obtained, and the gas pressure situation can be estimated through multi-point discrete measurement, and the dynamic pressure situation of coal seam gas cannot be measured in real time;
3、测试过程中必须对压力表贴标签进行标识以及并记录相应位置点测量参数，由于环境恶劣压力表标签经常遗失或损坏，导致不能确定压力值对应的具体位置；也无法通过数据可视化方法实时显示测量和评估结果。3. During the test, the pressure gauge must be marked with a label and the measurement parameters of the corresponding location point must be recorded. Due to the harsh environment, the pressure gauge label is often lost or damaged, which makes it impossible to determine the specific location corresponding to the pressure value; nor can it be displayed in real time through data visualization methods Measure and evaluate results.
方法内容method content
本方法的目的是提供一种基于光纤传感阵列分布测量的煤层瓦斯动态压力评测方法，能够针对煤层瓦斯压力高时空分辨率、多点分布式测量以及实时连续测量的需求，通过分布式光纤测量阵列对监测区域内各个探测点上的瓦斯压力参数进行实时测量，并利用计算机三维图像技术构建监测区域瓦斯压力分布显示的三维可视化图形，为煤矿瓦斯压力的预测预警提供科学依据。The purpose of this method is to provide a coal seam gas dynamic pressure evaluation method based on distributed measurement of optical fiber sensor arrays, which can meet the requirements of high temporal and spatial resolution, multi-point distributed measurement and real-time continuous measurement of coal seam gas pressure through distributed optical fiber measurement. The array measures the gas pressure parameters at each detection point in the monitoring area in real time, and uses computer three-dimensional image technology to construct a three-dimensional visualization graphic of the gas pressure distribution in the monitoring area, providing a scientific basis for the prediction and early warning of coal mine gas pressure.
本方法采用下述技术方案：This method adopts following technical scheme:
基于光纤传感阵列分布测量的煤层瓦斯动态压力评测方法，包括以下步骤：The coal seam gas dynamic pressure evaluation method based on the distributed measurement of the optical fiber sensing array includes the following steps:
A：利用光纤传感阵列采集测量区域中各个或指定的探测点内的瓦斯压力信号；并将探测到的瓦斯压力信号转换为光学测量信号后发送至处理装置；A: Use the optical fiber sensing array to collect the gas pressure signal in each or specified detection point in the measurement area; convert the detected gas pressure signal into an optical measurement signal and send it to the processing device;
其中，光纤传感阵列包括测量光源装置、多通道转换耦合装置、光缆和多组光纤传感器组，多组传感器组以行或列的方式分布；测量光源装置用于产生指定带宽的激光信号，多通道转换耦合装置包括控制电路和扫描耦合光学系统，每组光纤传感器组均由若干个分别设置在煤层上所开设的瓦斯压力探测孔内的光纤传感装置组成，每个光纤传感装置均包括光纤传感单元和煤层瓦斯压力取样单元，煤层瓦斯压力取样单元用于采集煤层探测点的瓦斯压力信号，光纤传感单元用于将瓦斯压力信号转变为光学测量信号；多组光纤传感器组均通过光纤陶瓷准直接头连接扫描耦合光学系统，多通道转换耦合装置通过光缆与处理装置连接；扫描耦合光学系统在控制电路的控制下向多组光纤传感器组注入宽带激光，并以ns级速度扫描光纤传感阵列中所有光纤传感器组所对应的探测点的压力动态变化并转换为光学参数的变化，从而形成测量光谱，然后通过光缆传递给处理装置；Among them, the optical fiber sensing array includes a measuring light source device, a multi-channel conversion coupling device, an optical cable and multiple groups of optical fiber sensor groups, and the multiple groups of sensor groups are distributed in rows or columns; the measuring light source device is used to generate a laser signal with a specified bandwidth. The channel switching coupling device includes a control circuit and a scanning coupling optical system. Each group of optical fiber sensor groups is composed of several optical fiber sensing devices respectively arranged in the gas pressure detection holes opened on the coal seam. Each optical fiber sensing device includes The optical fiber sensing unit and the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit, the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit is used to collect the gas pressure signal of the coal seam detection point, and the optical fiber sensing unit is used to convert the gas pressure signal into an optical measurement signal; The optical fiber ceramic collimator is directly connected to the scanning coupling optical system, and the multi-channel conversion coupling device is connected to the processing device through the optical cable; the scanning coupling optical system injects broadband laser into multiple groups of optical fiber sensor groups under the control of the control circuit, and scans the optical fiber at ns speed The pressure dynamic changes of the detection points corresponding to all fiber optic sensor groups in the sensing array are converted into changes of optical parameters, thereby forming a measurement spectrum, and then transmitted to the processing device through the optical cable;
B：处理装置接收光纤传感阵列所发送的测量区域中各个或指定的探测点的瓦斯压力信息所对应的光学测量信号，然后通过传感器阵列光谱处理单元和测量信息解析单元进行光谱参量解析得到光学参量，并把光学参量进行数据封装，然后将经数据封装后的光学参量通过通信单元传输给区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统；B: The processing device receives the optical measurement signal corresponding to the gas pressure information of each or specified detection point in the measurement area sent by the optical fiber sensing array, and then performs spectral parameter analysis through the sensor array spectral processing unit and measurement information analysis unit to obtain the optical parameters, and encapsulate the optical parameters into data, and then transmit the encapsulated optical parameters to the regional gas dynamic pressure data 3D reconstruction display system through the communication unit;
其中，处理装置包括传感器阵列光谱处理单元、测量信息解析单元、光参数阵列数据封装单元和通信单元：传感器阵列光谱处理单元，用于对光纤传感阵列发送的光谱信号进行解调；测量信息解析单元，用于读取传感器阵列光谱处理单元输出的解调光谱中的每一个探测点所对应的光纤传感单元的当前中心波长，并将读取的当前中心波长数字化；光参数阵列数据封装单元，用于将测量信息解析单元数字化后的光学参量进行数据封装并传输至通信单元；通信单元，用于实现处理装置和区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统的数据传输；Among them, the processing device includes a sensor array spectral processing unit, a measurement information analysis unit, an optical parameter array data encapsulation unit, and a communication unit: a sensor array spectral processing unit, used to demodulate the spectral signal sent by the optical fiber sensing array; measurement information analysis The unit is used to read the current central wavelength of the optical fiber sensing unit corresponding to each detection point in the demodulated spectrum output by the sensor array spectrum processing unit, and digitize the read current central wavelength; the optical parameter array data encapsulation unit for data encapsulation of the digitalized optical parameters of the measurement information analysis unit and transmission to the communication unit; the communication unit is used for data transmission between the processing device and the three-dimensional reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data;
C：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统，用于解析处理装置发送的经数据封装的光学参量，并根据解析后得到的光学参量，经压力解算和补偿校准后进行区域三维图形重建和瓦斯分布安全性评价。C: The 3D reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data is used to analyze the data-encapsulated optical parameters sent by the processing device, and perform regional 3D graphics reconstruction and gas analysis after pressure calculation and compensation calibration based on the analyzed optical parameters. Distribution Security Evaluation.
步骤A包含以下具体步骤：Step A includes the following specific steps:
A1：在煤矿生产监测区域的煤壁上按照探测点位置进行钻孔，形成多个瓦斯压力探测孔，然后在每一个瓦斯压力探测孔内装入一个光纤传感装置，每组光纤传感器组中若干个光纤传感装置串联组成光纤传感器链；若干组光纤传感器组组成光纤传感器阵列；A1: Drill holes in the coal wall of the coal mine production monitoring area according to the position of the detection points to form multiple gas pressure detection holes, and then install an optical fiber sensing device in each gas pressure detection hole, and several optical fiber sensor groups in each group Several optical fiber sensing devices are connected in series to form an optical fiber sensor chain; several groups of optical fiber sensor groups form an optical fiber sensor array;
A2：展开煤层瓦斯压力取样单元中的自张式密封结构，完成瓦斯压力探测孔的孔壁密封；A2: Expand the self-tensioning sealing structure in the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit to complete the hole wall sealing of the gas pressure detection hole;
A3：将煤层瓦斯压力取样单元中的导气管路起始段与光纤传感单元瓦斯容置腔连接，并将光纤传感单元中光纤的两端通过对应的光缆与多通道转换耦合装置中对应的通道连接；A3: Connect the initial section of the gas pipeline in the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit to the gas storage chamber of the optical fiber sensing unit, and connect the two ends of the optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing unit to the corresponding multi-channel conversion coupling device through the corresponding optical cable. channel connection;
A4：启动测量光源装置和多通道转换耦合装置；多通道转换耦合装置中的扫描耦合光学系统在控制电路的控制下逐通道打开对应的光开关通道，测量光源装置产生的激光通过对应的光开关通道进入各个光纤传感器组中光纤传感装置中的光纤传感单元，经光纤传感单元反射后的反射光谱沿光开关通道反射回来，并由扫描耦合光学系统接收形成测量光谱，扫描耦合光学系统将测量光谱通过光缆传递给处理装置；所有光开关通道扫描完毕后，完成一次阵列测量；A4: Start the measurement light source device and the multi-channel conversion coupling device; the scanning coupling optical system in the multi-channel conversion coupling device opens the corresponding optical switch channel channel by channel under the control of the control circuit, and the laser light generated by the measurement light source device passes through the corresponding optical switch The channel enters the optical fiber sensing unit in the optical fiber sensing device in each optical fiber sensor group, and the reflection spectrum reflected by the optical fiber sensing unit is reflected back along the optical switch channel, and is received by the scanning coupling optical system to form a measurement spectrum, and the scanning coupling optical system The measurement spectrum is transmitted to the processing device through the optical cable; after all the optical switch channels are scanned, an array measurement is completed;
其中，光纤传感装置包括光纤传感单元和煤层瓦斯压力取样单元，煤层瓦斯压力取样单元用于采集煤层探测点的瓦斯压力信号，光纤传感单元用于将瓦斯压力信号转变为光学测量信号；Among them, the optical fiber sensing device includes an optical fiber sensing unit and a coal seam gas pressure sampling unit, the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit is used to collect the gas pressure signal of the coal seam detection point, and the optical fiber sensing unit is used to convert the gas pressure signal into an optical measurement signal;
光纤传感单元包括设置有中空腔体的壳体，壳体内设置有弹性金属板将中空腔体分为上部的弹簧容置腔和下部的瓦斯容置腔，光纤依次穿过壳体的上面板、弹性金属板和壳体的下面板，且位于壳体外侧的光纤上均套设有铠装电缆机械保护层，位于弹簧容置腔内的光纤带有布拉格光栅段，弹簧容置腔内设置有弹簧，且弹簧的下端与弹性金属板连接，弹簧的上端设置有精密螺纹且通过精密螺纹与壳体的上面板螺纹连接，弹簧的上下两端还分别与位于弹簧容置腔内的光纤的上下两端端部连接；位于弹簧容置腔内的光纤和弹簧均处于拉伸状态，壳体的下部还设置有与瓦斯容置腔导通的煤层瓦斯压力取样单元连接结构；The optical fiber sensing unit includes a housing with a hollow cavity, and an elastic metal plate is arranged in the housing to divide the hollow cavity into an upper spring accommodation chamber and a lower gas accommodation chamber, and the optical fiber passes through the upper panel of the housing in turn , the elastic metal plate and the lower panel of the housing, and the optical fiber located outside the housing is covered with an armored cable mechanical protection layer, the optical fiber located in the spring accommodation cavity has a Bragg grating segment, and the spring accommodation cavity is set There is a spring, and the lower end of the spring is connected with the elastic metal plate. The upper end of the spring is provided with a precision thread and is threaded with the upper panel of the housing through the precision thread. The upper and lower ends of the spring are respectively connected with the optical fiber in the spring accommodation cavity The upper and lower ends are connected; the optical fiber and spring located in the spring accommodation chamber are in a stretched state, and the lower part of the housing is also provided with a coal seam gas pressure sampling unit connection structure that is connected to the gas accommodation chamber;
煤层瓦斯压力取样单元采用组合式导气管路，组合式导气管路包括导气管路起始段、若干个中间延伸段和导气管路末段，导气管路起始段的前端设置有光纤传感单元连接结构，导气管路起始段外表面设置有自张式密封结构，导气管路起始段的后端设置有中间延伸段前连接结构，中间延伸段的前端均设置有中间延伸段后连接结构，中间延伸段的后端均设置有中间延伸段前连接结构，导气管路末段的前端设置有中间延伸段后连接结构，导气管路末段的周向上设置有若干个导气孔，导气孔可均匀设置或随机设置，中间延伸段前连接结构与中间延伸段后连接结构相匹配，导气管路起始段、若干个中间延伸段和导气管路末段可拆卸连接。The coal seam gas pressure sampling unit adopts a combined gas conduction pipeline. The combined gas conduction pipeline includes the initial section of the gas conduction pipeline, several intermediate extension sections and the end section of the gas conduction pipeline. The front end of the initial section of the gas conduction pipeline is equipped with an optical fiber sensor The unit connection structure, the outer surface of the initial section of the air guide line is provided with a self-tensioning sealing structure, the rear end of the initial section of the air guide line is provided with a front connection structure of the middle extension section, and the front end of the middle extension section is provided with the rear end of the middle extension section. The connection structure, the rear end of the middle extension section is provided with the front connection structure of the middle extension section, the front end of the end section of the air guide line is provided with a rear connection structure of the middle extension section, and several air guide holes are arranged on the circumference of the end section of the air guide line, The air guide holes can be arranged uniformly or randomly. The front connection structure of the middle extension section matches the rear connection structure of the middle extension section.
自张式密封结构包括锥面导推机构、托架支撑件、密封盘组件、密封盘固定托架和橡胶密封圈；The self-tensioning sealing structure includes a conical surface guiding mechanism, a bracket support, a sealing disc assembly, a sealing disc fixing bracket and a rubber sealing ring;
托架支撑件套设在导气管路起始段上，托架支撑件包括管状的套管及与套管同轴设置且连接的环形支撑盘，环形支撑盘的前表面沿圆周方向均匀设置有四个支杆，四个支杆均与导气管路的轴线平行，密封盘固定托架的后表面通过四个支杆与托架支撑件固定；密封盘固定托架为圆环状，密封盘固定托架的前表面沿圆周方向均匀设置有四个密封盘子件滑动连接结构，密封盘组件包括四个相同的密封盘子件，每个密封盘子件均为弧度大于π/2的扇环，每个密封盘子件均通过对应密封盘子件滑动连接结构与密封盘固定托架滑动连接，且每个密封盘子件的运动轨迹均位于每个密封盘子件的径向；锥面导推机构采用圆台形的推导块，且圆台形的推导块的前表面的直径大于后表面的直径，推导块沿上同轴设置有贯穿推导块前表面和后表面的导气管路容置圆孔，导气管路容置圆孔的内表面设置有内螺纹，导气管路起始段外表面设置有外螺纹，锥面导推机构通过螺纹设置在导气管路起始段外表面；导气管路容置圆孔外侧的推导块前表面上还向前延伸形成旋紧部；密封盘固定托架后表面还设置有橡胶密封圈，橡胶密封圈的后表面固定在环形支撑盘的四个支杆前端，橡胶密封圈的内径小于推导块的前表面的直径且大于后表面的直径，橡胶密封圈的外径大于瓦斯压力探测孔的内径；四个密封盘子件沿对应密封盘子件滑动连接结构向外运动至最大位置时组成圆环形，且四个密封盘子件所组成圆环形的内圆圆周面与圆台形的推导块的侧表面接触，橡胶密封圈套设在圆台形的推导块的侧表面上。The bracket support piece is sleeved on the initial section of the air guiding pipeline. The bracket support piece includes a tubular sleeve and an annular support plate coaxially arranged and connected with the sleeve sleeve. The front surface of the annular support plate is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction. Four struts, all four struts are parallel to the axis of the air guide line, the rear surface of the sealing disc fixing bracket is fixed with the bracket support by four struts; the sealing disc fixing bracket is ring-shaped, and the sealing disc The front surface of the fixed bracket is evenly provided with four sealing disc components sliding connection structures along the circumferential direction. The sealing disc assembly includes four identical sealing disc components. Each sealing disc component is a fan ring with a radian greater than π/2. Each of the sealing disc parts is slidingly connected with the sealing disc fixing bracket through the sliding connection structure of the corresponding sealing disc part, and the movement track of each sealing disc part is located in the radial direction of each sealing disc part; The diameter of the front surface of the frustum-shaped derivation block is greater than the diameter of the rear surface, and the derivation block is coaxially provided with a circular hole for accommodating the air guide through the front surface and the rear surface of the derivation block. The inner surface of the round hole is provided with internal threads, the outer surface of the initial section of the air guide pipeline is provided with external threads, and the conical surface guiding mechanism is arranged on the outer surface of the initial section of the air guide pipeline through threads; the air guide pipeline accommodates the outside of the round hole The front surface of the derivation block also extends forward to form a tightening part; the rear surface of the sealing disc fixing bracket is also provided with a rubber sealing ring, the rear surface of the rubber sealing ring is fixed on the front ends of the four rods of the annular support disc, and the rubber sealing ring The inner diameter of the rubber sealing ring is smaller than the diameter of the front surface of the derivation block and larger than the diameter of the rear surface, and the outer diameter of the rubber sealing ring is larger than the inner diameter of the gas pressure detection hole; the four sealing disc parts move outward to the maximum position along the sliding connection structure of the corresponding sealing disc parts When forming a circular ring, and the inner peripheral surface of the circular ring formed by the four sealing discs is in contact with the side surface of the frustum-shaped derivation block, and the rubber sealing ring is sleeved on the side surface of the frustum-shaped derivation block.
所述的步骤B包括以下具体步骤：Described step B comprises the following concrete steps:
B1：处理装置中的传感器阵列光谱处理单元，接收扫描耦合光学系统发送的光学测量信号即测量光谱，并对接收到的测量光谱信号进行解调形成解调光谱，然后将解调光谱发送至测量信息解析单元；B1: The sensor array spectrum processing unit in the processing device receives the optical measurement signal sent by the scanning coupling optical system, that is, the measurement spectrum, and demodulates the received measurement spectrum signal to form a demodulation spectrum, and then sends the demodulation spectrum to the measurement Information analysis unit;
B2：处理装置中的测量信息解析单元接收传感器阵列光谱处理单元发送的解调光谱，并分离出解调光谱中的每一个探测点所对应的光纤传感单元的当前中心波长，并将读取的当前中心波长数字化后形成光学参量，最后将光学参量发送至光参数阵列数据封装单元；B2: The measurement information analysis unit in the processing device receives the demodulation spectrum sent by the sensor array spectrum processing unit, and separates the current center wavelength of the optical fiber sensing unit corresponding to each detection point in the demodulation spectrum, and reads The current central wavelength of the digitized optical parameter is formed, and finally the optical parameter is sent to the optical parameter array data encapsulation unit;
B3：处理装置中的光参数阵列数据封装单元接收测量信息解析单元发送的光学参量，并将光学参量进行数据封装并传输至通信单元；B3: the optical parameter array data encapsulation unit in the processing device receives the optical parameters sent by the measurement information analysis unit, and encapsulates the optical parameters in data and transmits them to the communication unit;
光参数阵列数据封装单元进行数据封装时，将所有探测点所对应的光纤传感单元的中心波长按照行列顺序形成一个数据串，按照先后顺序编号并封装，如果光纤传感阵列中某一探测点没有放置光纤传感单元，则该探测点所对应的光纤传感单元的波长记为0；When the optical parameter array data encapsulation unit performs data encapsulation, the central wavelengths of the optical fiber sensing units corresponding to all detection points are formed into a data string in the order of ranks and columns, numbered and encapsulated in sequence, if a certain detection point in the optical fiber sensing array If no optical fiber sensing unit is placed, the wavelength of the optical fiber sensing unit corresponding to the detection point is recorded as 0;
B4：处理装置中的通信单元接收光参数阵列数据封装单元发送的经数据封装后的光学参量，并将经数据封装后的光学参量发送至区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统。B4: The communication unit in the processing device receives the data-encapsulated optical parameters sent by the optical parameter array data encapsulation unit, and sends the data-encapsulated optical parameters to the regional gas dynamic pressure data three-dimensional reconstruction display system.
所述的步骤C包括以下具体步骤：Described step C comprises the following concrete steps:
C1：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统接收通信单元传输来经数据封装的光学参量；然后对经数据封装的光学参量的进行数据解封，随后将解封后的数据传输至数据缓冲区；C1: The three-dimensional reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data receives the optical parameters transmitted by the communication unit through data encapsulation; then decapsulates the data of the encapsulated optical parameters, and then transmits the decapsulated data to the data buffer;
C2：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统根据解封后的数据，利用光谱波长变化与压力值的对应关系进行压力解算，得到各个探测点的压力初值P0；压力初值P0的计算公式为：C2: The three-dimensional reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data uses the corresponding relationship between spectral wavelength change and pressure value to calculate the pressure according to the unsealed data, and obtains the initial pressure value P0 of each detection point; the initial pressure value P0 The calculation formula is:
P0＝k(λ-λ0)＝kΔλ；P0 =k(λ-λ0 )=kΔλ;
其中，k为压力与波长变比系数，每一个光纤传感单元的k值均能够在制作完成后通过实验线性拟合求得；λ为当前光纤传感单元中光栅的中心波长；λ0为压力为0Pa时光栅的中心波长；Among them, k is the ratio coefficient of pressure and wavelength, and the k value of each optical fiber sensing unit can be obtained through experimental linear fitting after the production is completed; λ is the center wavelength of the grating in the current optical fiber sensing unit;λ0 is The central wavelength of the grating when the pressure is 0Pa;
C3：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统对压力解算后得到的各个探测点的压力初值P0进行补偿校准，计算得出各个探测点的最终压力值P1；所有探测点的最终压力值P1即为经压力解算和补偿校准后瓦斯压力数据；C3: The three-dimensional reconstruction display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data compensates and calibrates the initial pressure value P0 of each detection point obtained after the pressure calculation, and calculates the final pressure value P1 of each detection point; the final pressure of all detection points The valueP1 is the gas pressure data after pressure calculation and compensation calibration;
P1＝k(λ-λ0)+δ(p，t)＝kΔλ+δ(p，t)；P1 =k(λ-λ0 )+δ(p,t)=kΔλ+δ(p,t);
δ(p，t)＝ap2+btp+ct2+dp+et+f；δ(p, t)=ap2 +btp+ct2 +dp+et+f;
其中，p和t为分别压力和温度变量，p∈[0-10]，t∈[15-30]；δ(p，t)为随压力p和温度t变化的误差修正值；a，b，c，d，e，f均为误差方程常数系数；Among them, p and t are pressure and temperature variables respectively, p ∈ [0-10], t ∈ [15-30]; δ(p, t) is the error correction value changing with pressure p and temperature t; a, b , c, d, e, f are constant coefficients of the error equation;
C4：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统根据步骤C3中得到的经压力解算和补偿校准后瓦斯压力数据，首先形成N行M列瓦斯压力测量矩阵，设光纤传感阵列中存在N行，每个通道有M个光纤传感单元；然后根据煤矿生产监测区域内光纤传感阵列中各光纤传感单元ri和各光纤传感单元的位置离散值cj,拟合瓦斯区域分布三维曲面方程：C4: Three-dimensional reconstruction and display of regional gas dynamic pressure data. According to the gas pressure data after pressure calculation and compensation and calibration obtained in step C3, the gas pressure measurement matrix with N rows and M columns is first formed. Assume that there are N rows in the optical fiber sensing array, Each channel has M optical fiber sensing units; then according to each optical fiber sensing unit ri and the position discrete value cj of each optical fiber sensing unit in the coal mine production monitoring area, the three-dimensional surface of gas area distribution is fitted equation:
p(r，c)＝a5r2+a4cr+a3c2+a2r+a1c+a0；p(r,c)=a5 r2 +a4 cr+a3 c2 +a2 r+a1 c+a0 ;
其中i＝0，1，2...N，j＝0，1，2...M；a0，a1，a2，a3，a4和a5均为常数系数，p为井下测量区域内任一探测点的压力；r为井下测量区域内任意纵向位置值即行位置插值点，c为井下测量区域内任意横向位置值即列位置插值点；然后根据瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程以及求得的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程常数系数a0，a1，a2，a3，a4和a5，计算得到测量区域内所有探测点的瓦斯压力值；最后根据测量区域内所有探测点的瓦斯压力值，进行区域三维图形重建和瓦斯分布安全性评价。Where i=0, 1, 2...N, j=0,1 , 2...M; a0 , a 1 , a2 , a3 , a4 and a5 are all constant coefficients, and p is downhole The pressure of any detection point in the measurement area; r is any longitudinal position value in the downhole measurement area, that is, the row position interpolation point, and c is any horizontal position value in the downhole measurement area, that is, the column position interpolation point; then according to the gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface equation and The constant coefficients a0 , a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 and a5 of the obtained gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface equation are calculated to obtain the gas pressure values of all detection points in the measurement area; finally, according to all detection points in the measurement area The gas pressure value is used to reconstruct the regional three-dimensional graphics and evaluate the safety of gas distribution.
所述的步骤C3中各个探测点的最终压力值P1的计算方法，包括以下具体步骤：The calculation method of the final pressure valueP1 of each detection point in the described step C3 includes the following specific steps:
C3a：取封装好的光纤传感单元，在压力量程范围内，通过压力罐等间隔对光纤传感单元加压[P1，P2，…，Pn]，在不同试验压力点保持压力恒定；C3a: Take the packaged optical fiber sensing unit, pressurize the optical fiber sensing unit [P1 , P2 , ..., Pn ] at equal intervals through the pressure tank within the pressure range, and keep the pressure constant at different test pressure points ;
C3b：根据煤矿生产监测区域温度变化区间，通过恒温水浴槽内等间隔改变传感器的工作温度[T1，T2，…，Tm]，各个试验工作温度点保持恒温10-20分钟；C3b: According to the temperature change interval of the coal mine production monitoring area, change the working temperature of the sensor [T1 , T2 ,..., Tm ] at equal intervals in the constant temperature water bath, and keep the temperature at each test working temperature point at a constant temperature for 10-20 minutes;
C3c：在每一个恒定试验压力下，改变m次试验温度，通过光栅波长偏移量计算不同恒定压力时各个温度点的压力初值，再通过标准压力表的示值与所计算的压力初值的差作为不同温度点的压力误差，测量多次后求出压力误差平均值作为该次试验最终压力误差；C3c: Under each constant test pressure, change the test temperature m times, calculate the initial pressure value of each temperature point at different constant pressures through the grating wavelength offset, and then use the indicated value of the standard pressure gauge and the calculated initial pressure value The difference is taken as the pressure error at different temperature points, and the average value of the pressure error is obtained after several measurements as the final pressure error of the test;
C3d：将n个恒定压力点，且每个恒定压力点做m次恒温试验之后所求出的n×m个最终压力误差数据，记为n行m列的误差矩阵δ(Pi，Tj)；C3d: The n×m final pressure error data obtained after n constant pressure points and m constant temperature tests for each constant pressure point are recorded as an error matrix δ(Pi , Tj with n rows and m columns );
其中，n行代表n个恒定试验压力Pi，m列代表m个恒定试验温度Ti；Among them, n rows represent n constant test pressures Pi , and m columns represent m constant test temperatures Ti ;
C3e：在瓦斯压力预定范围内[0-10MPa]和煤炭生产区温度预定范围[15-30℃]内，通过对误差矩阵进行最小二乘拟合，求得误差校正方程δ(p，t)；C3e: Within the predetermined range of gas pressure [0-10MPa] and the predetermined range of coal production area temperature [15-30°C], the error correction equation δ(p, t) is obtained by performing least square fitting on the error matrix ;
光纤传感单元的误差校正方程拟合如下：The error correction equation of the optical fiber sensing unit is fitted as follows:
采用最小二乘法拟合后误差校正方程为：The error correction equation after fitting by the least square method is:
δ(p，t)＝ap2+btp+ct2+dp+et+f；δ(p, t)=ap2 +btp+ct2 +dp+et+f;
式中，a，b，c，d，e，f均为拟合常数系数；由此可以计算出，光纤传感阵列中任意光纤传感单元的测量结果经补偿校准后的最终测量值P1为：In the formula, a, b, c, d, e, f are fitting constant coefficients; from this, it can be calculated that the final measured value P1 for:
P1＝k(λ-λ0)+δ(p，t)＝kΔλ+ap2+btp+ct2+dp+et+f；P1 =k(λ-λ0 )+δ(p,t)=kΔλ+ap2 +btp+ct2 +dp+et+f;
C3f：将煤矿生产监测区域所布置的光纤传感阵列中每一个光纤传感单元的误差校正方程拟合常数系数，根据对应的光纤传感单元编号存储在数据库中，并利用误差校正方程对所有光纤传感单元的瓦斯压力测量结果进行实时补偿，最终得到经压力解算和补偿校准后瓦斯压力数据。C3f: The error correction equation fitting constant coefficients of each optical fiber sensing unit in the optical fiber sensing array arranged in the coal mine production monitoring area are stored in the database according to the number of the corresponding optical fiber sensing unit, and the error correction equation is used for all The gas pressure measurement results of the optical fiber sensing unit are compensated in real time, and finally the gas pressure data after pressure calculation and compensation calibration are obtained.
所述的步骤C4包括以下具体步骤：Described step C4 comprises the following concrete steps:
C4a：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统根据步骤C3中得到的经压力解算和补偿校准后的N×M个瓦斯压力数据pi，j，结合光纤传感阵列布局将N×M个瓦斯压力数据pi，j构成N行M列瓦斯压力测量矩阵，设光纤传感阵列中存在N行(即N个通道)，每个通道有M个光纤传感单元；C4a: 3D reconstruction and display of regional gas dynamic pressure data. Based on the N×M gas pressure data pi, j after pressure calculation and compensation calibration obtained in step C3, combined with the layout of the optical fiber sensor array, the N×M gas pressure The pressure data pi and j form a gas pressure measurement matrix with N rows and M columns, assuming that there are N rows (that is, N channels) in the optical fiber sensing array, and each channel has M optical fiber sensing units;
其中j＝0，1，2...N，j＝0，1，2...M；where j=0, 1, 2...N, j=0, 1, 2...M;
C4b：根据煤矿生产监测区域内光纤传感阵列中各光纤传感单元ri和各光纤传感单元的位置离散值cj,拟合瓦斯区域分布三维曲面方程，其中i＝0，1，2...N，j＝0，1，2...M；在瓦斯压力测量矩阵的基础上采用最小二乘法拟合煤矿生产监测区域的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程，如下所示：C4b: According to the optical fiber sensing unit ri and the position discrete value cj of each optical fiber sensing unit in the optical fiber sensing array in the coal mine production monitoring area, fit the three-dimensional surface equation of the gas area distribution, where i=0, 1, 2 ...N, j=0, 1, 2...M; on the basis of the gas pressure measurement matrix, the least square method is used to fit the three-dimensional surface equation of the gas dynamic pressure in the coal mine production monitoring area, as shown below:
p(r，c)＝a5r2+a4cr+a3c2+a2r+a1c+a0；p(r,c)=a5 r2 +a4 cr+a3 c2 +a2 r+a1 c+a0 ;
其中，a0，a1，a2，a3，a4和a5均为常数系数，p为井下测量区域内任一探测点的压力；r为井下测量区域内任意纵向位置值即行位置插值点，c为井下测量区域内任意横向位置值即列位置插值点；Among them, a0 , a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 and a5 are constant coefficients, p is the pressure of any detection point in the downhole measurement area; r is any longitudinal position value in the downhole measurement area, that is, position interpolation point, c is any horizontal position value in the downhole measurement area, that is, the column position interpolation point;
C4c：基于瓦斯压力测量矩阵中的N×M个数据，用最小二乘法计算瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程系数，在瓦斯压力测量点曲面计算值p(ri，cj)与瓦斯压力测量pi，j的偏差加权平方和最小的情况下，计算得出瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程系数：C4c: Based on the N×M data in the gas pressure measurement matrix, the least square method is used to calculate the coefficients of the three-dimensional surface equation of the gas dynamic pressure, and the surface calculation value p(ri , cj ) at the gas pressure measurement point is consistent with the gas pressure measurement pi , when the weighted sum of squared deviations of j is the smallest, the coefficients of the gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface equation are calculated:
对a0，a1，...，a5分别求偏导并等0，求解出δ(a0,a1,…,a5)的极小值，对应的系数a0，a1，...，a5即为拟合后的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程常数系数；Calculate partial derivatives for a0 , a1 ,..., a5 respectively and equal to 0, and find the minimum value of δ(a0 , a1 ,...,a5 ), corresponding coefficients a0 , a1 , ..., a5 is the constant coefficient of the three-dimensional surface equation of gas dynamic pressure after fitting;
C4d：通过求得的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程，以及求得的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程常数系数，求得测量区域内所有探测点的瓦斯压力值；C4d: Obtain the gas pressure values of all detection points in the measurement area through the obtained gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface equation and the obtained gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface equation constant coefficients;
C4e：进行区域三维图形重建和瓦斯分布安全性评价。C4e: Perform regional 3D graphics reconstruction and gas distribution safety assessment.
所述的步骤C4e包括以下具体步骤：Described step C4e comprises the following specific steps:
C4e1：构建三维坐标系，坐标轴分别是行r，列c和压力值p；C4e1: Construct a three-dimensional coordinate system, the coordinate axes are row r, column c and pressure value p;
C4e2：把行r和列c的数值离散化，得到两组向量[r1,r2,…,rn]和[c1,c2,…,cm]，然后通过瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程求得行向量与列向量交叉点的压力值p(ri，cj)，行坐标、列坐标和坐标点压力值构成空间坐标点(ri，cj，pi，j)；C4e2: discretize the values of row r and column c to obtain two sets of vectors [r1 , r2 ,…,rn ] and [c1 ,c2 ,…,cm ], and then pass through the gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface The equation obtains the pressure value p(ri , cj ) at the intersection point of the row vector and the column vector, and the row coordinate, column coordinate and coordinate point pressure value constitute the spatial coordinate point (ri , cj , pi, j );
C4e3：根据行向量与列向量，求出所有的空间坐标点，形成三维空间点阵；C4e3: According to the row vector and column vector, find all the space coordinate points to form a three-dimensional space lattice;
C4e4：根据三维坐标系三坐标投影伸缩系数重新计算空间坐标值(ri，cj)在投影后新的空间坐标值(r′i，c′j)，然后结合步骤(2)中的空间坐标点(ri，cj，pi，j)中的pi，j的值，得到新的空间坐标点(r′i，c′j，pi，j)，从而得出新的三维空间点阵；三坐标投影伸缩系数属于本领域公知常识，在此不再赘述；C4e4: Recalculate the new spatial coordinate value (r′i , c′j ) of the spatial coordinate value (ri , cj ) after projection according to the expansion coefficient of the three-dimensional coordinate system three-coordinate projection, and then combine the space in step (2) The value of pi, j in the coordinate point (ri , cj , pi, j ) to get the new space coordinate point (r′i , c′j , pi, j ), thus obtaining a new three-dimensional Spatial lattice; three-coordinate projection expansion and contraction coefficients belong to common knowledge in this field, and will not be repeated here;
C4e5：把步骤4中获得的新的三维空间点阵在三维坐标系进行投影得到二维点阵记为p(i，j),其中1≤i≤n，1≤j≤m；C4e5: Project the new three-dimensional space lattice obtained in step 4 on the three-dimensional coordinate system to obtain a two-dimensional lattice as p(i, j), where 1≤i≤n, 1≤j≤m;
C4e6：对投影后的平面点的新的坐标值做计算机屏幕适应处理，把投影后的平面点阵p(i，j)中的图形点坐标换算到的三维图形屏幕显示区域；设图形显示区域的宽度像素值LX,高度像素值LY，图形点横坐标最大值为Xmax，图形点纵坐标最大值为Ymax，换算公式为：C4e6: Adapt the computer screen to the new coordinates of the projected plane points, convert the coordinates of the graphic points in the projected plane lattice p (i, j) to the three-dimensional graphics screen display area; set the graphic display area The width pixel value LX , the height pixel value LY , the maximum value of the abscissa of the graphic point is Xmax , the maximum value of the ordinate of the graphic point is Ymax , the conversion formula is:
其中，x，y分别为图形点的横坐标和纵坐标值，x′和y′分别为经屏幕适应处理后新的横坐标和纵坐标值，LX和LY分别为视图区屏幕横向和纵向的像素宽度，Xmax和Ymax分别为原图形横坐标和纵坐标的最大值；Among them, x, y are the abscissa and ordinate values of the graphics point respectively, x' and y' are the new abscissa and ordinate values after screen adaptation processing, LX andLY are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the screen in the viewing area respectively. Vertical pixel width, Xmax and Ymax are the maximum values of the abscissa and ordinate of the original graphic, respectively;
C4e7：由于计算机屏幕Y向坐标0位置在屏幕顶部，对投影后的平面点的纵向数值做数值取反处理，并加上平移值从而形成新的图形绘制点，然后再把新的图形绘制点拉回到图形显示区，计算公式如下：C4e7: Since the coordinate 0 in the Y direction of the computer screen is at the top of the screen, the vertical value of the projected plane point is reversed, and the translation value is added to form a new graphic drawing point, and then the new graphic is drawn at the point Pull back to the graphic display area, the calculation formula is as follows:
y′＝offset-y；y'=offset-y;
其中，y′为数值取反处理后的数据，y为实际数据，offset为位移量；Among them, y' is the data after numerical inversion processing, y is the actual data, and offset is the displacement amount;
C4e8：在完成屏幕适应处理后的平面点阵，取平面点阵中相邻四点绘制封闭四边形，并对封闭四边形着色；在以i，j为循环变量，遍历绘制平面点阵中所有点构成的封闭四边形并基于压力值色带进行封闭图形着色；C4e8: After completing the screen adaptation process, take four adjacent points in the plane lattice to draw a closed quadrilateral, and color the closed quadrilateral; use i, j as loop variables, traverse all points in the plane lattice to form The closed quadrilateral of and the closed figure coloring based on the pressure value ribbon;
C4e9：完成区域三维图像的重建。C4e9: Complete the reconstruction of the 3D image of the area.
本发明基于光纤传感技术上的独特优势，针对煤层瓦斯压力高时空分辨率、多点分布式测量以及实时连续测量的需求，将光纤传感测量单元采用波分复用的方式组成传感器组，并分成多路构建所监控的生产区域分布式光纤测量阵列，通过同步解析转换光学信号，对分布测量点上的瓦斯压力参数进行测量，基于煤层瓦斯渗透行为和含瓦斯煤变形破坏特征，通过计算机三维图形技术构建监测区域瓦斯压力分布显示的三维可视化图形，可以方便地了解瓦斯压力的变化情况以及变化趋势。对煤矿瓦斯突出的预测预警提供科学依据。Based on the unique advantages of optical fiber sensing technology, the present invention aims at the requirements of high temporal and spatial resolution, multi-point distributed measurement and real-time continuous measurement of coal seam gas pressure. The optical fiber sensing measurement unit is composed of sensor groups in the form of wavelength division multiplexing. And divide it into multiple channels to build a distributed optical fiber measurement array in the monitored production area. Through synchronous analysis and conversion of optical signals, the gas pressure parameters on the distributed measurement points are measured. Three-dimensional graphics technology constructs three-dimensional visualization graphics of gas pressure distribution display in the monitoring area, which can easily understand the changes and trends of gas pressure. Provide a scientific basis for the prediction and early warning of gas outburst in coal mines.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中光纤传感阵列的原理示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the optical fiber sensor array in the present invention;
图2为本发明中光纤传感装置的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of optical fiber sensing device among the present invention;
图3为本发明中光纤传感单元的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of optical fiber sensing unit in the present invention;
图4为本发明中导气管路起始段和中间延伸段的连接结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connecting structure of the initial section and the middle extension section of the air guiding pipeline in the present invention;
图5为本发明中导气管路末段的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic structural view of the end section of the air guiding pipeline in the present invention;
图6为本发明中密封盘组件前表面的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a structural schematic view of the front surface of the sealing disk assembly in the present invention;
图7为本发明中密封盘组件后表面的结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the rear surface of the sealing disc assembly in the present invention;
图8为本发明中密封盘子件后表面的结构示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the rear surface of the sealing plate in the present invention;
图9为本发明中密封盘固定托架的结构示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a sealing disc fixing bracket in the present invention;
图10为本发明中锥面导推机构与导气管路起始段的连接结构示意图；Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the conical surface guiding mechanism and the initial section of the air guiding pipeline in the present invention;
图11为本发明中自张式密封结构的结构示意图。Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the self-tensioning sealing structure in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和实施例对本方法作以详细的描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment this method is described in detail:
如图1至图11所示，本发明所述的基于光纤传感阵列1分布测量的煤层瓦斯动态压力评测方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figures 1 to 11, the coal seam gas dynamic pressure evaluation method based on the distribution measurement of the optical fiber sensing array 1 according to the present invention includes the following steps:
A：利用光纤传感阵列1采集测量区域中各个或指定的探测点内的瓦斯压力信号；并将探测到的瓦斯压力信号转换为光学测量信号后发送至处理装置；A: Use the optical fiber sensing array 1 to collect the gas pressure signals in each or designated detection points in the measurement area; convert the detected gas pressure signals into optical measurement signals and send them to the processing device;
本发明中，光纤传感阵列1包括测量光源装置、多通道转换耦合装置、光缆6和多组光纤传感器组2，多组传感器组以行或列的方式分布。In the present invention, the optical fiber sensing array 1 includes a measuring light source device, a multi-channel conversion coupling device, an optical cable 6 and multiple optical fiber sensor groups 2, and the multiple sensor groups are distributed in rows or columns.
测量光源装置用于产生指定带宽的激光信号，测量光源装置可采用激光光源。多通道转换耦合装置包括控制电路和扫描耦合光学系统，扫描耦合光学系统可采用分时多通道光开关，通道数量可根据光纤传感阵列1中多组传感器组的行数或列数通过控制电路设定。每组光纤传感器组2均由若干个分别设置在煤层上所开设的瓦斯压力探测孔内的光纤传感装置3组成，多组光纤传感器组2均通过光纤陶瓷准直接头连接扫描耦合光学系统，多通道转换耦合装置通过光缆6与处理装置连接。The measuring light source device is used to generate a laser signal with a specified bandwidth, and the measuring light source device can adopt a laser light source. The multi-channel conversion coupling device includes a control circuit and a scanning coupling optical system. The scanning coupling optical system can adopt a time-sharing multi-channel optical switch, and the number of channels can be passed through the control circuit according to the number of rows or columns of multiple sensor groups in the optical fiber sensing array 1. set up. Each optical fiber sensor group 2 is composed of a number of optical fiber sensing devices 3 respectively arranged in the gas pressure detection holes opened on the coal seam. Multiple groups of optical fiber sensor groups 2 are connected to the scanning coupling optical system through optical fiber ceramic collimation joints. The multi-channel conversion coupling device is connected with the processing device through an optical cable 6 .
扫描耦合光学系统在控制电路的控制下向多组光纤传感器组2注入宽带激光，并以ns级速度扫描光纤传感阵列1中所有光纤传感器组2所对应的探测点的压力动态变化并转换为光学参数的变化，从而形成测量光谱，然后通过光缆6传递给处理装置。Under the control of the control circuit, the scanning coupling optical system injects broadband laser light into multiple groups of fiber sensor groups 2, and scans the dynamic pressure changes of the detection points corresponding to all fiber sensor groups 2 in the fiber sensor array 1 at ns speed and converts them into The variation of the optical parameters, thereby forming the measurement spectrum, is then transmitted to the processing device via the optical cable 6 .
本发明中，每组光纤传感器组2均为由多个光纤传感装置3串联而成形成光纤传感器链，每个光纤传感装置3均包括光纤传感单元4和煤层瓦斯压力取样单元5，煤层瓦斯压力取样单元5用于采集煤层探测点的瓦斯压力信号，光纤传感单元4用于将瓦斯压力信号转变为光学测量信号。In the present invention, each group of optical fiber sensor groups 2 is composed of a plurality of optical fiber sensing devices 3 connected in series to form an optical fiber sensor chain, and each optical fiber sensing device 3 includes an optical fiber sensing unit 4 and a coal seam gas pressure sampling unit 5, The coal seam gas pressure sampling unit 5 is used to collect the gas pressure signal of the coal seam detection point, and the optical fiber sensing unit 4 is used to convert the gas pressure signal into an optical measurement signal.
所述的光纤传感单元4包括设置有中空腔体的壳体7，壳体7内设置有弹性金属板8将中空腔体分为上部的弹簧容置腔9和下部的瓦斯容置腔10，光纤依次穿过壳体7的上面板11、弹性金属板8和壳体7的下面板12，且位于壳体7外侧的光纤上均套设有铠装电缆机械保护层16，位于弹簧容置腔9内的光纤带有布拉格光栅段13，弹簧容置腔9内设置有弹簧14，且弹簧14的下端与弹性金属板8连接，弹簧14的上端设置有精密螺纹且通过精密螺纹与壳体7的上面板11螺纹连接，弹簧14的上下两端还分别与位于弹簧容置腔9内的光纤的上下两端端部连接；位于弹簧容置腔9内的光纤和弹簧14均处于拉伸状态，壳体7的下部还设置有与瓦斯容置腔10导通的煤层瓦斯压力取样单元连接结构15；The optical fiber sensing unit 4 includes a housing 7 provided with a hollow cavity, and the housing 7 is provided with an elastic metal plate 8 to divide the hollow cavity into an upper spring accommodation chamber 9 and a lower gas accommodation chamber 10 The optical fiber passes through the upper panel 11 of the housing 7, the elastic metal plate 8 and the lower panel 12 of the housing 7 in turn, and the optical fiber located outside the housing 7 is provided with an armored cable mechanical protection layer 16, which is located in the spring container The optical fiber in the cavity 9 has a Bragg grating segment 13, and a spring 14 is arranged in the spring accommodation cavity 9, and the lower end of the spring 14 is connected with the elastic metal plate 8, and the upper end of the spring 14 is provided with a precision screw thread and is connected to the housing through the precision screw thread. The upper panel 11 of the body 7 is threaded, and the upper and lower ends of the spring 14 are respectively connected with the upper and lower ends of the optical fiber located in the spring accommodation chamber 9; the optical fiber and the spring 14 located in the spring accommodation chamber 9 are both in the tension In the extended state, the lower part of the casing 7 is also provided with a coal seam gas pressure sampling unit connection structure 15 that is connected to the gas storage chamber 10;
本实施例中，弹簧14两端与带有布拉格光栅段13的光纤采用粘贴紧固的方式进行固定，弹簧14的上端通过精密螺纹与壳体7的上面板11螺纹连接，以便于调整测量范围和校准，通过弹簧14与上面板11之间的精密螺纹拉伸弹簧14，使弹簧14和带有布拉格光栅段13的光纤均处于拉伸状态。由于弹簧14的拉伸和收缩具有较高的线性，大大提高了光纤光栅轴向应变的的线性度；同时由于弹簧14伸缩受温度影响忽略不计，因此温度和应变的交叉敏感问题也得到了很好的解决。In this embodiment, the two ends of the spring 14 and the optical fiber with the Bragg grating segment 13 are fixed by pasting and fastening, and the upper end of the spring 14 is threaded with the upper panel 11 of the housing 7 through precision threads, so as to adjust the measurement range And calibration, the spring 14 is stretched by the precision thread between the spring 14 and the upper panel 11, so that the spring 14 and the optical fiber with the Bragg grating segment 13 are both in a stretched state. Since the stretching and contraction of the spring 14 has a high linearity, the linearity of the axial strain of the fiber grating is greatly improved; at the same time, since the expansion and contraction of the spring 14 is negligibly affected by the temperature, the cross-sensitivity of temperature and strain has also been greatly solved. Good solution.
本发明中，由于每个煤层探测点设置的光纤传感单元4的中心波长不同，所以在煤层探测点的光纤传感单元4配置完成后，既可任意选用若干个光纤传感单元4进行组链，也可按照光纤传感单元4工作波长递增的顺序进行组链，然后构成光纤传感器阵列，每条由若干个光纤传感单元4组成的传感器链所包含的光纤传感单元4的数量可不相同。In the present invention, since the center wavelengths of the optical fiber sensing units 4 provided at each coal seam detection point are different, after the configuration of the optical fiber sensing unit 4 at the coal seam detection point is completed, several optical fiber sensing units 4 can be arbitrarily selected for assembly. Chains can also be chained according to the increasing order of the working wavelength of the optical fiber sensing units 4, and then form an optical fiber sensor array. The number of optical fiber sensing units 4 included in each sensor chain composed of several optical fiber sensing units 4 can same.
光纤传感阵列1中，任意一组光纤传感器组2中的光纤传感装置3所包括的光纤传感单元4均通过光纤接头接入光缆6，光纤传感阵列1中光纤传感单元4的光栅周期各异，光谱也不同；处理装置接收扫描耦合光学系统反馈的光谱形成光谱阵列。In the optical fiber sensing array 1, the optical fiber sensing unit 4 included in the optical fiber sensing device 3 in any group of optical fiber sensor groups 2 is connected to the optical cable 6 through the optical fiber joint, and the optical fiber sensing unit 4 in the optical fiber sensing array 1 The grating period is different, and the spectrum is also different; the processing device receives the spectrum fed back by the scanning coupling optical system to form a spectrum array.
所述的煤层瓦斯压力取样单元5采用组合式导气管路，组合式导气管路包括导气管路起始段17、若干个中间延伸段18和导气管路末段19，导气管路起始段17的前端设置有光纤传感单元连接结构20，导气管路起始段17外表面设置有自张式密封结构21，导气管路起始段17的后端设置有中间延伸段前连接结构22，中间延伸段18的前端均设置有中间延伸段后连接结构23，中间延伸段18的后端均设置有中间延伸段前连接结构22，导气管路末段19的前端设置有中间延伸段后连接结构23，导气管路末段19的周向上设置有若干个导气孔24，导气孔24可均匀设置或随机设置，中间延伸段前连接结构22与中间延伸段后连接结构23相匹配，导气管路起始段17、若干个中间延伸段18和导气管路末段19可拆卸连接。The coal seam gas pressure sampling unit 5 adopts a combined gas-guiding pipeline, and the combined gas-guiding pipeline includes an initial section 17 of the gas-guiding pipeline, several intermediate extension sections 18 and an end section 19 of the gas-guiding pipeline. The front end of 17 is provided with an optical fiber sensing unit connection structure 20, the outer surface of the initial section 17 of the air guide line is provided with a self-tensioning sealing structure 21, and the rear end of the initial section 17 of the air guide line is provided with a connecting structure 22 before the middle extension section , the front end of the middle extension section 18 is provided with the middle extension section rear connection structure 23, the rear end of the middle extension section 18 is provided with the middle extension section front connection structure 22, and the front end of the air guide line end section 19 is provided with the middle extension section rear connection structure. Connecting structure 23, several air guide holes 24 are arranged on the circumference of the end section 19 of the air guide line, the air guide holes 24 can be arranged uniformly or randomly, the connecting structure 22 before the middle extension section is matched with the rear connection structure 23 of the middle extension section, and the guide The initial section 17 of the air pipeline, several intermediate extension sections 18 and the end section 19 of the air guiding pipeline are detachably connected.
本实施例中，煤层瓦斯压力取样单元连接结构15可采用设置有外螺纹的连接杆，光纤传感单元连接结构20可采用设置有内螺纹的螺纹套，煤层瓦斯压力取样单元连接结构15和光纤传感单元连接结构20相互匹配且采用螺纹连接方式，实现煤层瓦斯压力取样单元5和光纤传感单元4的可拆卸连接。中间延伸段前连接结构22采用连接栓，中间延伸段后连接结构23采用“U”型连接槽，连接栓与“U”型连接槽相匹配。连接栓为圆形筒状结构，连接栓的两侧沿连接栓径向设置有限位柱。当导气管路起始段17的后端与中间延伸段18的前端安装时，中间延伸段18的前端套设在连接栓上，且连接栓的两侧的限位柱位于“U”型连接槽内。中间延伸段18的后端与中间延伸段18的前端，以及中间延伸段18的后端与导气管路末段19的前端的连接方式与导气管路起始段17的后端与中间延伸段18的前端的安装方式相同。In this embodiment, the connection structure 15 of the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit can adopt a connecting rod provided with external threads, the connection structure 20 of the optical fiber sensing unit can adopt a threaded sleeve provided with internal threads, and the connection structure 15 of the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit and the optical fiber The sensing unit connection structure 20 is matched with each other and adopts a screw connection method to realize the detachable connection between the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit 5 and the optical fiber sensing unit 4 . The front connection structure 22 of the middle extension section adopts a connection bolt, and the rear connection structure 23 of the middle extension section adopts a "U"-shaped connection groove, and the connection bolt matches the "U"-shaped connection groove. The connecting bolt has a circular cylindrical structure, and both sides of the connecting bolt are provided with limiting columns along the radial direction of the connecting bolt. When the rear end of the initial section 17 of the air guide line is installed with the front end of the intermediate extension section 18, the front end of the intermediate extension section 18 is sleeved on the connecting bolt, and the limiting posts on both sides of the connecting bolt are located in the "U"-shaped connection. in the slot. The rear end of the middle extension section 18 and the front end of the middle extension section 18, and the connection mode between the rear end of the middle extension section 18 and the front end of the air guide line end section 19 and the rear end of the air guide line initial section 17 and the middle extension section The front end of the 18 is mounted the same way.
所述的自张式密封结构21通过螺纹设置在导气管路起始段17外表面，自张式密封结构21包括锥面导推机构25、托架支撑件、密封盘组件、密封盘固定托架27和橡胶密封圈28。The self-tensioning sealing structure 21 is arranged on the outer surface of the initial section 17 of the air-guiding pipeline through threads, and the self-tensioning sealing structure 21 includes a conical surface guiding mechanism 25, a bracket support, a sealing disk assembly, and a sealing disk fixing bracket. Frame 27 and rubber sealing ring 28.
托架支撑件套设在导气管路起始段17上，托架支撑件包括管状的套管30及与套管30同轴设置的环形支撑盘26，环形支撑盘26的前表面沿圆周方向均匀设置有四个支杆29，四个支杆29均与导气管路的轴线平行，密封盘固定托架27的后表面通过四个支杆29与托架支撑件固定。密封盘固定托架27为圆环状，密封盘固定托架27的前表面沿圆周方向均匀设置有四个密封盘子件31滑动连接结构，密封盘组件包括四个相同的密封盘子件31，每个密封盘子件31均为弧度大于π/2的扇环，每个密封盘子件31均通过对应密封盘子件31滑动连接结构与密封盘固定托架27滑动连接，且每个密封盘子件31的运动轨迹均位于每个密封盘子件31的径向。锥面导推机构25采用圆台形的推导块，且圆台形的推导块的前表面的直径大于后表面的直径，推导块沿上同轴设置有贯穿推导块前表面和后表面的导气管路容置圆孔32，导气管路容置圆孔32的内表面设置有内螺纹，导气管路起始段17外表面设置有外螺纹34，锥面导推机构25通过螺纹设置在导气管路起始段17外表面。导气管路容置圆孔32外侧的推导块前表面上还向前延伸形成旋紧部33，旋紧部33的形状为六角螺母状，便于驱动锥面导推机构25通过螺纹在导气管路起始段17外表面前后运动。密封盘固定托架27前表面还设置有橡胶密封圈28，橡胶密封圈28的后表面固定在环形支撑盘26的四个支杆29前端，橡胶密封圈28的内径小于推导块的前表面的直径且大于后表面的直径，橡胶密封圈28的外径大于瓦斯压力探测孔的内径；四个密封盘子件31沿对应密封盘子件31滑动连接结构向外运动至最大位置时组成圆环形，且四个密封盘子件31所组成圆环形的内圆圆周面与圆台形的推导块的侧表面接触，橡胶密封圈28套设在圆台形的推导块的侧表面上。The bracket support is sleeved on the initial section 17 of the air guide line. The bracket support includes a tubular sleeve 30 and an annular support disc 26 coaxially arranged with the sleeve 30. The front surface of the annular support disc 26 is along the circumferential direction. Four struts 29 are evenly arranged, and the four struts 29 are all parallel to the axis of the air-guiding pipeline. The rear surface of the sealing disk fixing bracket 27 is fixed to the bracket support through the four struts 29 . The sealing disc fixing bracket 27 is annular, and the front surface of the sealing disc fixing bracket 27 is evenly provided with four sealing disc sub-pieces 31 sliding connection structures along the circumferential direction, and the sealing disc assembly includes four identical sealing disc sub-pieces 31, each Each sealing plate sub-piece 31 is a fan ring with a radian greater than π/2, and each sealing plate sub-piece 31 is slidably connected with the sealing plate fixing bracket 27 through the sliding connection structure of the corresponding sealing plate sub-piece 31, and each sealing plate sub-piece 31 The motion tracks are all located in the radial direction of each sealing plate 31 . The conical surface derivation mechanism 25 adopts a truncated conical derivation block, and the diameter of the front surface of the truncated conical derivation block is greater than the diameter of the rear surface. Accommodating round hole 32, the inner surface of the air guiding pipeline containing round hole 32 is provided with internal thread, the outer surface of the initial section 17 of the air guiding pipeline is provided with external thread 34, and the conical surface guiding mechanism 25 is arranged on the air guiding pipeline through the thread The outer surface of the initial segment 17 . The front surface of the derivation block on the outside of the air guide tube accommodation hole 32 also extends forward to form a tightening part 33. The shape of the screw part 33 is a hexagonal nut shape, which is convenient for driving the conical surface guiding mechanism 25 through the screw thread on the air guide tube. The outer surface of the initial section 17 moves back and forth. Seal disc fixed bracket 27 front surfaces are also provided with rubber sealing ring 28, and the rear surface of rubber sealing ring 28 is fixed on four pole 29 front ends of annular support disc 26, and the internal diameter of rubber sealing ring 28 is less than the front surface of derivation block. diameter and greater than the diameter of the rear surface, the outer diameter of the rubber seal 28 is greater than the inner diameter of the gas pressure detection hole; the four sealing discs 31 form a circular ring when they move outwards to the maximum position along the sliding connection structure of the corresponding sealing discs 31, And the inner peripheral surface of the circular ring formed by the four sealing plate parts 31 is in contact with the side surface of the conical derivation block, and the rubber sealing ring 28 is sheathed on the side surface of the conical derivation block.
本实施例中，密封盘子件31滑动连接结构可采用直线滑道35与滑块36的滑动连接结构，密封盘固定托架27的前表面沿圆周方向均匀设置有四个直线滑道35，且四个直线滑道35均沿密封盘固定托架27的径向设置，每个密封盘子件31的后表面均设置有滑块36，每个密封盘子件31均通过滑块36与对应的直线滑道35与封盘固定托架滑动连接，并交错重叠。未张开时4片密封片沿着滑到滑离圆心最近的地方，张开时密封片滑到离圆心最远的地方，并依次交错构成整圆。In this embodiment, the sliding connection structure of the sealing disc member 31 can adopt the sliding connection structure of the linear slideway 35 and the slider 36, and the front surface of the sealing disc fixing bracket 27 is uniformly provided with four linear slideways 35 along the circumferential direction, and Four linear slideways 35 are all arranged along the radial direction of sealing disc fixing bracket 27, and the rear surface of each sealing disc sub-part 31 is all provided with slide block 36, and each sealing disc sub-part 31 all passes through slide block 36 and corresponding straight line The slideway 35 is slidably connected with the sealing plate fixing bracket, and overlapped in a staggered manner. When it is not opened, the four sealing sheets slide along to the place closest to the center of the circle, and when they are opened, the sealing sheets slide to the farthest place from the center of the circle, and they are staggered in turn to form a full circle.
当旋动锥面导推机构25使其在导气管路起始段17外表面向后运动时，锥面导推机构25将驱动四个密封盘子件31向外运动即沿密封盘固定托架27的径向朝向远离圆心的方向运动。When the conical surface guiding mechanism 25 is rotated to move backward on the outer surface of the initial section 17 of the air guide line, the conical surface guiding mechanism 25 will drive the four sealing disc parts 31 to move outward, that is, to move along the sealing disc fixing bracket 27 The radial direction moves away from the center of the circle.
当锥面导推机构25驱动四个密封盘子件31向外运动至最大位置时，四个密封盘子件31依次交错构成圆环，且此时四个密封盘子件31依次交错构成圆环外边缘将插入瓦斯压力探测孔四周的煤壁中。由于橡胶密封圈28的外径大于瓦斯压力探测孔的内径，橡胶密封圈28与密封盘组件配合，提高了密封效果。When the conical surface guide mechanism 25 drives the four sealing disc parts 31 to move outward to the maximum position, the four sealing disc parts 31 are staggered successively to form a ring, and at this time, the four sealing disc parts 31 are staggered successively to form the outer edge of the ring It will be inserted into the coal wall around the gas pressure detection hole. Since the outer diameter of the rubber sealing ring 28 is greater than the inner diameter of the gas pressure detection hole, the rubber sealing ring 28 cooperates with the sealing disc assembly to improve the sealing effect.
当锥面导推机构25驱动四个密封盘子件31向外运动至最大位置时，由于橡胶密封圈28的内径小于推导块的前表面的直径且大于后表面的直径，橡胶密封圈28将紧密地套设在圆台形的推导块的侧表面上，进一步提高密封效果。同时，密封盘组件、密封盘固定托架27以及橡胶密封圈28紧贴在一起，导气管路起始段17外表面设置的外螺纹可通过涂加固体油脂既起到固定密封件功能，又能再次对钻孔内气体起到很好的密封作用。When the conical surface guide mechanism 25 drives the four sealing plate parts 31 to move outwards to the maximum position, since the inner diameter of the rubber sealing ring 28 is smaller than the diameter of the front surface of the deriving block and greater than the diameter of the rear surface, the rubber sealing ring 28 will be tight The ground is sleeved on the side surface of the conical deriving block to further improve the sealing effect. Simultaneously, the sealing disc assembly, the sealing disc fixing bracket 27 and the rubber sealing ring 28 are closely connected together, and the external thread provided on the outer surface of the air guide pipeline initial section 17 can not only play the function of fixing the sealing member by coating solid grease, but also It can once again play a good role in sealing the gas in the borehole.
自张式密封结构21能够确保测量过程中，钻孔内的瓦斯气体不能涌出，保证生产安全。材质选择上，10米以上的导气管道，若采用金属管道由于太重不便安装，因此本发明中，导气管路起始段17采用金属钢管外，中间延伸段18和导气管路末段19均采用高强度硬质塑料管，并具有一定的柔韧性。The self-tensioning sealing structure 21 can ensure that the gas in the borehole cannot gushe out during the measurement process, thereby ensuring production safety. In terms of material selection, if a metal pipe with a length of more than 10 meters is used, it is inconvenient to install because it is too heavy. Therefore, in the present invention, the initial section 17 of the air guidance pipeline is made of a metal steel pipe, the middle extension section 18 and the end section 19 of the air guidance pipeline. Both adopt high-strength rigid plastic tubes with certain flexibility.
本发明中，步骤A包括以下具体步骤：In the present invention, step A includes the following specific steps:
A1：在煤矿生产监测区域的煤壁上按照探测点位置进行钻孔，形成多个瓦斯压力探测孔，然后在每一个瓦斯压力探测孔内装入一个光纤传感装置3，每组光纤传感器组2中若干个光纤传感装置3串联组成光纤传感器链；若干组光纤传感器组2组成光纤传感器阵列；A1: Drill holes on the coal wall of the coal mine production monitoring area according to the position of the detection points to form multiple gas pressure detection holes, and then install an optical fiber sensing device 3 in each gas pressure detection hole, each group of optical fiber sensor groups 2 Several optical fiber sensing devices 3 are connected in series to form an optical fiber sensor chain; several groups of optical fiber sensor groups 2 form an optical fiber sensor array;
A2：展开煤层瓦斯压力取样单元5中的自张式密封结构21，完成瓦斯压力探测孔的孔壁密封；A2: Expand the self-tensioning sealing structure 21 in the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit 5 to complete the hole wall sealing of the gas pressure detection hole;
A3：将煤层瓦斯压力取样单元5中的导气管路起始段17与光纤传感单元4瓦斯容置腔10连接，并将光纤传感单元4中光纤的两端通过对应的光缆6与多通道转换耦合装置中对应的通道连接；A3: Connect the initial section 17 of the air guiding pipeline in the coal seam gas pressure sampling unit 5 to the gas storage cavity 10 of the optical fiber sensing unit 4, and connect the two ends of the optical fiber in the optical fiber sensing unit 4 to the multiple through the corresponding optical cable 6. Corresponding channel connections in the channel conversion coupling device;
A4：启动测量光源装置和多通道转换耦合装置；多通道转换耦合装置中的扫描耦合光学系统在控制电路的控制下逐通道打开对应的光开关通道，测量光源装置产生的激光通过对应的光开关通道进入各个光纤传感器组2中光纤传感装置3中的光纤传感单元4，经光纤传感单元4反射后的反射光谱沿光开关通道反射回来，并由扫描耦合光学系统接收形成测量光谱，扫描耦合光学系统将测量光谱通过光缆6传递给处理装置；所有光开关通道扫描完毕后，完成一次阵列测量；A4: Start the measurement light source device and the multi-channel conversion coupling device; the scanning coupling optical system in the multi-channel conversion coupling device opens the corresponding optical switch channel channel by channel under the control of the control circuit, and the laser light generated by the measurement light source device passes through the corresponding optical switch The channel enters the optical fiber sensing unit 4 in the optical fiber sensing device 3 in each optical fiber sensor group 2, and the reflection spectrum reflected by the optical fiber sensing unit 4 is reflected back along the optical switch channel, and is received by the scanning coupling optical system to form a measurement spectrum. The scanning coupling optical system transmits the measurement spectrum to the processing device through the optical cable 6; after all the optical switch channels are scanned, an array measurement is completed;
B：处理装置接收光纤传感阵列1所发送的测量区域中各个或指定的探测点的瓦斯压力信息所对应的光学测量信号，然后通过传感器阵列光谱处理单元和测量信息解析单元进行光谱参量解析得到光学参量，并把光学参量进行数据封装，然后将经数据封装后的光学参量通过通信单元传输给区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统；B: The processing device receives the optical measurement signal corresponding to the gas pressure information of each or specified detection point in the measurement area sent by the optical fiber sensing array 1, and then analyzes the spectral parameters through the sensor array spectral processing unit and the measurement information analysis unit to obtain Optical parameters, and encapsulate the optical parameters into data, and then transmit the encapsulated optical parameters to the regional gas dynamic pressure data 3D reconstruction display system through the communication unit;
处理装置包括传感器阵列光谱处理单元、测量信息解析单元、光参数阵列数据封装单元和通信单元，其中：The processing device includes a sensor array spectrum processing unit, a measurement information analysis unit, an optical parameter array data encapsulation unit and a communication unit, wherein:
传感器阵列光谱处理单元，用于对光纤传感阵列1发送的光谱信号进行解调；The sensor array spectral processing unit is used to demodulate the spectral signal sent by the optical fiber sensing array 1;
测量信息解析单元，用于读取传感器阵列光谱处理单元输出的解调光谱中的每一个探测点所对应的光纤传感单元4的当前中心波长，并将读取的当前中心波长数字化。The measurement information analysis unit is used to read the current center wavelength of the optical fiber sensing unit 4 corresponding to each detection point in the demodulation spectrum output by the sensor array spectrum processing unit, and digitize the read current center wavelength.
光参数阵列数据封装单元，用于将测量信息解析单元数字化后的光学参量进行数据封装并传输至通信单元；The optical parameter array data encapsulation unit is used for encapsulating the optical parameters digitized by the measurement information analysis unit for data encapsulation and transmitting to the communication unit;
通信单元，用于实现处理装置和区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统的数据传输。通信单元采用以太网通信技术，定时把封装后的数据包发送给区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统。The communication unit is used to realize the data transmission between the processing device and the three-dimensional reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data. The communication unit uses Ethernet communication technology to regularly send the encapsulated data packets to the regional gas dynamic pressure data 3D reconstruction display system.
本发明中，步骤B包括以下具体步骤：In the present invention, step B includes the following specific steps:
B1：处理装置中的传感器阵列光谱处理单元，接收扫描耦合光学系统发送的光学测量信号即测量光谱，并对接收到的测量光谱信号进行解调形成解调光谱，然后将解调光谱发送至测量信息解析单元；B1: The sensor array spectrum processing unit in the processing device receives the optical measurement signal sent by the scanning coupling optical system, that is, the measurement spectrum, and demodulates the received measurement spectrum signal to form a demodulation spectrum, and then sends the demodulation spectrum to the measurement Information analysis unit;
B2：处理装置中的测量信息解析单元接收传感器阵列光谱处理单元发送的解调光谱，并分离出解调光谱中的每一个探测点所对应的光纤传感单元4的当前中心波长，并将读取的当前中心波长数字化后形成光学参量，最后将光学参量发送至光参数阵列数据封装单元；B2: The measurement information analysis unit in the processing device receives the demodulation spectrum sent by the sensor array spectrum processing unit, and separates the current center wavelength of the optical fiber sensing unit 4 corresponding to each detection point in the demodulation spectrum, and reads The obtained current central wavelength is digitized to form an optical parameter, and finally the optical parameter is sent to the optical parameter array data encapsulation unit;
B3：处理装置中的光参数阵列数据封装单元接收测量信息解析单元发送的光学参量，并将光学参量进行数据封装并传输至通信单元；B3: the optical parameter array data encapsulation unit in the processing device receives the optical parameters sent by the measurement information analysis unit, and encapsulates the optical parameters in data and transmits them to the communication unit;
光参数阵列数据封装单元进行数据封装时，将所有探测点所对应的光纤传感单元4的中心波长按照行列顺序形成一个数据串，按照先后顺序编号并封装，如果光纤传感阵列1中某一探测点没有放置光纤传感单元4，则该探测点所对应的光纤传感单元4的波长记为0；编号及封装格式如下所示：When the optical parameter array data encapsulation unit performs data encapsulation, the central wavelengths of the optical fiber sensing units 4 corresponding to all detection points are formed into a data string in the order of ranks and columns, numbered and encapsulated in sequence, if one of the optical fiber sensing arrays 1 If no optical fiber sensing unit 4 is placed at the detection point, the wavelength of the optical fiber sensing unit 4 corresponding to the detection point is recorded as 0; the number and packaging format are as follows:
B4：处理装置中的通信单元接收光参数阵列数据封装单元发送的经数据封装后的光学参量，并将经数据封装后的光学参量发送至区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统；B4: The communication unit in the processing device receives the data-encapsulated optical parameters sent by the optical parameter array data encapsulation unit, and sends the data-encapsulated optical parameters to the regional gas dynamic pressure data three-dimensional reconstruction display system;
C：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统，用于解析处理装置发送的经数据封装的光学参量，并根据解析后得到的光学参量，经压力解算和补偿校准后进行区域三维图形重建和瓦斯分布安全性评价。区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统包括处理器和显示器；C: The 3D reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data is used to analyze the data-encapsulated optical parameters sent by the processing device, and perform regional 3D graphics reconstruction and gas analysis after pressure calculation and compensation calibration based on the analyzed optical parameters. Distribution Security Evaluation. The 3D reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data includes a processor and a display;
本发明中，步骤C包括以下具体步骤：In the present invention, step C includes the following specific steps:
C1：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统接收通信单元传输来经数据封装的光学参量；然后对经数据封装的光学参量的进行数据解封，随后将解封后的数据传输至数据缓冲区；C1: The three-dimensional reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data receives the optical parameters transmitted by the communication unit through data encapsulation; then decapsulates the data of the encapsulated optical parameters, and then transmits the decapsulated data to the data buffer;
C2：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统根据解封后的数据，利用光谱波长变化与压力值的对应关系进行压力解算，得到各个探测点的压力初值P0；压力初值P0的计算公式为：C2: The three-dimensional reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data uses the corresponding relationship between spectral wavelength change and pressure value to calculate the pressure according to the unsealed data, and obtains the initial pressure value P0 of each detection point; the initial pressure value P0 The calculation formula is:
P0＝k(λ-λ0)＝kΔλ；P0 =k(λ-λ0 )=kΔλ;
其中，k为压力与波长变比系数，每一个光纤传感单元4的k值均能够在制作完成后通过实验线性拟合求得；λ为当前光纤传感单元4中光栅的中心波长；λ0为压力为0Pa时光栅的中心波长；Among them, k is the ratio coefficient of pressure and wavelength, and the k value of each optical fiber sensing unit 4 can be obtained through experimental linear fitting after the production is completed; λ is the center wavelength of the grating in the current optical fiber sensing unit 4; λ0 is the central wavelength of the grating when the pressure is 0Pa;
C3：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统对压力解算后得到的各个探测点的压力初值P0进行补偿校准，计算得出各个探测点的最终压力值P1；所有探测点的最终压力值P1即为经压力解算和补偿校准后瓦斯压力数据；C3: The three-dimensional reconstruction display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data compensates and calibrates the initial pressure value P0 of each detection point obtained after the pressure calculation, and calculates the final pressure value P1 of each detection point; the final pressure of all detection points The valueP1 is the gas pressure data after pressure calculation and compensation calibration;
P1＝k(λ-λ0)+δ(p，t)＝kΔλ+δ(p，t)；P1 =k(λ-λ0 )+δ(p,t)=kΔλ+δ(p,t);
δ(p，t)＝ap2+btp+ct2+dp+et+f；δ(p, t)=ap2 +btp+ct2 +dp+et+f;
其中，p和t为分别压力和温度变量，p∈[0-10]，t∈[15-30]；δ(p，t)为随压力p和温度t变化的误差修正值；a，b，c，d，e，f均为误差方程常数系数；Among them, p and t are pressure and temperature variables respectively, p ∈ [0-10], t ∈ [15-30]; δ(p, t) is the error correction value changing with pressure p and temperature t; a, b , c, d, e, f are constant coefficients of the error equation;
步骤C3中各个探测点的最终压力值P1的计算方法，包括以下具体步骤：The calculation method of the final pressure valueP1 of each detection point in step C3 includes the following specific steps:
C3a：取封装好的光纤传感单元4，在压力量程范围内，通过压力罐等间隔对光纤传感单元4加压[P1，P2，…，Pn]，在不同试验压力点保持压力恒定；C3a: Take the packaged optical fiber sensing unit 4, pressurize the optical fiber sensing unit 4 [P1 , P2 , ..., Pn ] at equal intervals through the pressure tank within the pressure range, and maintain the pressure at different test pressure points constant pressure;
C3b：根据煤矿生产监测区域温度变化区间，通过恒温水浴槽内等间隔改变传感器的工作温度[T1，T2，…，Tm]，各个试验工作温度点保持恒温10-20分钟；C3b: According to the temperature change interval of the coal mine production monitoring area, change the working temperature of the sensor [T1 , T2 ,..., Tm ] at equal intervals in the constant temperature water bath, and keep the temperature at each test working temperature point at a constant temperature for 10-20 minutes;
C3c：在每一个恒定试验压力下，改变m次试验温度，通过光栅波长偏移量计算不同恒定压力时各个温度点的压力初值，再通过标准压力表的示值与所计算的压力初值的差作为不同温度点的压力误差，测量多次后求出压力误差平均值作为该次试验最终压力误差；C3c: Under each constant test pressure, change the test temperature m times, calculate the initial pressure value of each temperature point at different constant pressures through the grating wavelength offset, and then use the indicated value of the standard pressure gauge and the calculated initial pressure value The difference is taken as the pressure error at different temperature points, and the average value of the pressure error is obtained after several measurements as the final pressure error of the test;
C3d：将n个恒定压力点，且每个恒定压力点做m次恒温试验之后所求出的n×m个最终压力误差数据，记为n行m列的误差矩阵δ(Pi，Tj)；C3d: The n×m final pressure error data obtained after n constant pressure points and m constant temperature tests for each constant pressure point are recorded as an error matrix δ(Pi , Tj with n rows and m columns );
其中，n行代表n个恒定试验压力Pi，m列代表m个恒定试验温度Ti。Among them, n rows represent n constant test pressures Pi , and m columns represent m constant test temperatures Ti .
C3e：通过误差矩阵对试验中的恒定压力值和恒定温度值对光纤传感单元4的测量结果进行校正。为了对压力和温度变化区间范围内任意压力和任意温度时光纤光栅传感单元的测量结果进行校正，本发明中，在瓦斯压力预定范围内[0-10MPa]和煤炭生产区温度预定范围[15-30℃]内，通过对误差矩阵进行最小二乘拟合，求得误差校正方程δ(p，t)；C3e: correct the measurement results of the optical fiber sensing unit 4 for the constant pressure value and constant temperature value in the test through the error matrix. In order to correct the measurement results of the fiber grating sensing unit at any pressure and any temperature within the pressure and temperature range, in the present invention, within the predetermined range of gas pressure [0-10MPa] and the predetermined range of temperature in the coal production area [15 -30°C], the error correction equation δ(p, t) is obtained by performing least square fitting on the error matrix;
光纤传感单元4的误差校正方程拟合如下：The error correction equation fitting of the optical fiber sensing unit 4 is as follows:
采用最小二乘法拟合后误差校正方程为：The error correction equation after fitting by the least square method is:
δ(p，t)＝ap2+btp+ct2+dp+et+f；δ(p, t)=ap2 +btp+ct2 +dp+et+f;
式中，a，b，c，d，e，f均为拟合常数系数。In the formula, a, b, c, d, e, f are fitting constant coefficients.
由此可以计算出，光纤传感阵列1中任意光纤传感单元4的测量结果经补偿校准后的最终测量值P1为：From this, it can be calculated that the final measured valueP1 of the measurement result of any optical fiber sensing unit 4 in the optical fiber sensing array 1 after compensation and calibration is:
P1＝k(λ-λ0)+δ(p，t)＝kΔλ+ap2+btp+ct2+dp+et+f；P1 =k(λ-λ0 )+δ(p,t)=kΔλ+ap2 +btp+ct2 +dp+et+f;
C3f：将煤矿生产监测区域所布置的光纤传感阵列1中每一个光纤传感单元4的误差校正方程拟合常数系数，根据对应的光纤传感单元4编号存储在数据库中，并利用误差校正方程对所有光纤传感单元4的瓦斯压力测量结果进行实时补偿，最终得到经压力解算和补偿校准后瓦斯压力数据。C3f: The error correction equation fitting constant coefficient of each optical fiber sensing unit 4 in the optical fiber sensing array 1 arranged in the coal mine production monitoring area is stored in the database according to the number of the corresponding optical fiber sensing unit 4, and the error correction is used The equation compensates the gas pressure measurement results of all optical fiber sensing units 4 in real time, and finally obtains the gas pressure data after pressure calculation and compensation calibration.
C4：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统根据步骤C3中得到的经压力解算和补偿校准后瓦斯压力数据，首先形成N行M列瓦斯压力测量矩阵，设光纤传感阵列1中存在N行(即N个通道)，每个通道有M个光纤传感单元4；然后根据煤矿生产监测区域内光纤传感阵列1中各光纤传感单元4 ri和各光纤传感单元4的位置离散值cj,拟合瓦斯区域分布三维曲面方程：C4: The three-dimensional reconstruction and display system of regional gas dynamic pressure data, according to the gas pressure data after pressure calculation and compensation calibration obtained in step C3, firstly forms a gas pressure measurement matrix with N rows and M columns, assuming that there are N rows in the optical fiber sensing array 1 (that is, N channels), each channel has M optical fiber sensing units 4; then according to the position of each optical fiber sensing unit 4 ri and each optical fiber sensing unit 4 in the coal mine production monitoring area 1, the discrete value cj , fitting the three-dimensional surface equation of gas regional distribution:
p(r，c)＝a5r2+a4cr+a3c2+a2r+a1c+a0；p(r,c)=a5 r2 +a4 cr+a3 c2 +a2 r+a1 c+a0 ;
其中i＝0，1，2...N，j＝0，1，2...M；a0，a1，a2，a3，a4和a5均为常数系数，p为井下测量区域内任一探测点的压力；r为井下测量区域内任意纵向位置值即行位置插值点，c为井下测量区域内任意横向位置值即列位置插值点；然后根据瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程以及求得的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程常数系数a0，a1，a2，a3，a4和a5，计算得到测量区域内所有探测点的瓦斯压力值；最后根据测量区域内所有探测点的瓦斯压力值，进行区域三维图形重建和瓦斯分布安全性评价。Where i=0, 1, 2...N, j=0,1 , 2...M; a0 , a 1 , a2 , a3 , a4 and a5 are all constant coefficients, and p is downhole The pressure of any detection point in the measurement area; r is any longitudinal position value in the downhole measurement area, that is, the row position interpolation point, and c is any horizontal position value in the downhole measurement area, that is, the column position interpolation point; then according to the gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface equation and The constant coefficients a0 , a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 and a5 of the obtained gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface equation are calculated to obtain the gas pressure values of all detection points in the measurement area; finally, according to all detection points in the measurement area The gas pressure value is used to reconstruct the regional three-dimensional graphics and evaluate the safety of gas distribution.
在区域三维图形重建过程中可采用多点连续连线绘制法，首尾封闭后形成面域，进行瓦斯分布安全性评价时可采用着色法，着色法是根据瓦斯压力的危险程度，从蓝色到危险的橘红色过渡，形成连续性色带，从而通过颜色直观的显示出瓦斯压力的危险程度。多点连续连线绘制法和着色法均为本领域的常规技术，在此不再赘述。In the process of regional three-dimensional graphics reconstruction, the multi-point continuous connection drawing method can be used, and the area is formed after the end is closed. The coloring method can be used when evaluating the safety of gas distribution. The coloring method is based on the degree of danger of gas pressure, ranging from blue to The dangerous orange-red transition forms a continuous color band, which visually shows the degree of danger of gas pressure through color. Both the multi-point continuous line drawing method and the coloring method are conventional techniques in the art, and will not be repeated here.
本发明中，步骤C4包含以下具体步骤：In the present invention, step C4 includes the following specific steps:
C4a：区域瓦斯动态压力数据三维重建显示系统根据步骤C3中得到的经压力解算和补偿校准后的N×M个瓦斯压力数据pi，j，结合光纤传感阵列1布局将N×M个瓦斯压力数据pi，j构成N行M列瓦斯压力测量矩阵，设光纤传感阵列1中存在N行(即N个通道)，每个通道有M个光纤传感单元4；C4a: 3D reconstruction and display of regional gas dynamic pressure data According to the N×M gas pressure data pi, j after pressure calculation and compensation calibration obtained in step C3, combined with the layout of the optical fiber sensor array 1, the N×M gas pressure data The gas pressure data pi, j form a gas pressure measurement matrix with N rows and M columns, assuming that there are N rows (that is, N channels) in the optical fiber sensing array 1, and each channel has M optical fiber sensing units 4;
其中i＝0，1，2...N，j＝0，1，2...M；where i=0, 1, 2...N, j=0, 1, 2...M;
C4b：根据煤矿生产监测区域内光纤传感阵列1中各光纤传感单元4 ri和各光纤传感单元4的位置离散值cj,拟合瓦斯区域分布三维曲面方程，其中i＝0，1，2...N，j＝0，1，2...M。根据煤层瓦斯气体渗透原理，含瓦斯煤层瓦斯气体吸附和游离处于动态平衡状态，在一定区域内瓦斯气体状态相对稳定且连续，因此本发明中在瓦斯压力测量矩阵的基础上采用最小二乘法拟合煤矿生产监测区域的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程，如下所示：C4b: According to the optical fiber sensing unit 4 ri and the positional discrete value cj of each optical fiber sensing unit 4 in the optical fiber sensing array 1 in the coal mine production monitoring area, fitting the three-dimensional surface equation of the distribution of the gas area, where i=0, 1, 2...N, j=0, 1, 2...M. According to the principle of gas infiltration in coal seams, gas adsorption and dissociation in gas-containing coal seams are in a dynamic equilibrium state, and the state of gas gas in a certain area is relatively stable and continuous. Therefore, in the present invention, the least squares method is used to fit the gas pressure measurement matrix The three-dimensional surface equation of gas dynamic pressure in the coal mine production monitoring area is as follows:
p(r，c)＝a5r2+a4cr+a3c2+a2r+a1c+a0；p(r,c)=a5 r2 +a4 cr+a3 c2 +a2 r+a1 c+a0 ;
其中，a0，a1，a2，a3，a4和a5均为常数系数，p为井下测量区域内任一探测点的压力；r为井下测量区域内任意纵向位置值即行位置插值点，c为井下测量区域内任意横向位置值即列位置插值点。Among them, a0 , a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 and a5 are constant coefficients, p is the pressure of any detection point in the downhole measurement area; r is any longitudinal position value in the downhole measurement area, that is, position interpolation point, c is any horizontal position value in the downhole measurement area, that is, the column position interpolation point.
C4c：基于瓦斯压力测量矩阵中的N×M个数据，用最小二乘法计算瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程系数。本实施例中，在瓦斯压力测量点曲面计算值p(ri，cj)与瓦斯压力测量pi，j的偏差加权平方和最小的情况下，计算得出瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程系数：C4c: Based on the N×M data in the gas pressure measurement matrix, use the least square method to calculate the coefficients of the three-dimensional surface equation of the gas dynamic pressure. In this embodiment, under the condition that the weighted square sum of deviations between the gas pressure measurement point surface calculation value p(ri , cj ) and the gas pressure measurement pi, j is the smallest, the three-dimensional surface equation coefficient of the gas dynamic pressure is calculated:
对a0，a1，...，a5分别求偏导并等0，求解出δ(a0,a1,…,a5)的极小值，对应的系数a0，a1，...，a5即为拟合后的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程常数系数。Calculate partial derivatives for a0 , a1 ,..., a5 respectively and equal to 0, and find the minimum value of δ(a0 , a1 ,...,a5 ), corresponding coefficients a0 , a1 , ..., a5 is the constant coefficient of the three-dimensional surface equation of gas dynamic pressure after fitting.
C4d：通过求得的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程，以及求得的瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程常数系数，求得测量区域内所有探测点的瓦斯压力值；C4d: Obtain the gas pressure values of all detection points in the measurement area through the obtained gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface equation and the obtained gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface equation constant coefficients;
C4e：进行区域三维图形重建和瓦斯分布安全性评价。C4e: Perform regional 3D graphics reconstruction and gas distribution safety assessment.
在区域三维图形重建过程中，本发明特殊设计并使用封闭图形绘制法，利用封闭图形绘制法进行三维重建的具体步骤如下：In the process of regional three-dimensional graphics reconstruction, the present invention specially designs and uses a closed figure drawing method, and the specific steps of using the closed figure drawing method to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction are as follows:
C4e1：构建三维坐标系，坐标轴分别是行r，列c和压力值p；C4e1: Construct a three-dimensional coordinate system, the coordinate axes are row r, column c and pressure value p;
C4e2：把行r和列c的数值离散化，得到两组向量[r1,r2,…,rn]和[c1,c2,…,cm]，然后通过瓦斯动态压力三维曲面方程求得行向量与列向量交叉点的压力值p(ri，cj)，行坐标、列坐标和坐标点压力值构成空间坐标点(ri，cj，pi，j)；C4e2: discretize the values of row r and column c to obtain two sets of vectors [r1 , r2 ,…,rn ] and [c1 ,c2 ,…,cm ], and then pass through the gas dynamic pressure three-dimensional surface The equation obtains the pressure value p(ri , cj ) at the intersection point of the row vector and the column vector, and the row coordinate, column coordinate and coordinate point pressure value constitute the spatial coordinate point (ri , cj , pi, j );
C4e3：根据行向量与列向量，求出所有的空间坐标点，形成三维空间点阵；C4e3: According to the row vector and column vector, find all the space coordinate points to form a three-dimensional space lattice;
C4e4：根据三维坐标系三坐标投影伸缩系数重新计算空间坐标值(ri，cj)在投影后新的空间坐标值(r′i，c′j)，然后结合步骤(2)中的空间坐标点(ri，cj，pi，j)中的pi，j的值，得到新的空间坐标点(r′i，c′j，pi，j)，从而得出新的三维空间点阵；三坐标投影伸缩系数属于本领域公知常识，在此不再赘述；C4e4: Recalculate the new spatial coordinate value (r′i , c′j ) of the spatial coordinate value (ri , cj ) after projection according to the expansion coefficient of the three-dimensional coordinate system three-coordinate projection, and then combine the space in step (2) The value of pi, j in the coordinate point (ri , cj , pi, j ) to get the new space coordinate point (r′i , c′j , pi, j ), thus obtaining a new three-dimensional Spatial lattice; three-coordinate projection expansion and contraction coefficients belong to common knowledge in this field, and will not be repeated here;
C4e5：把步骤4中获得的新的三维空间点阵在三维坐标系进行投影得到二维点阵记为p(i，j),其中1≤i≤n，1≤j≤m；C4e5: Project the new three-dimensional space lattice obtained in step 4 on the three-dimensional coordinate system to obtain a two-dimensional lattice as p(i, j), where 1≤i≤n, 1≤j≤m;
C4e6：对投影后的平面点的新的坐标值做计算机屏幕适应处理，把投影后的平面点阵p(i，j)中的图形点坐标换算到的三维图形屏幕显示区域；设图形显示区域的宽度像素值LX,高度像素值LY，图形点横坐标最大值为Xmax，图形点纵坐标最大值为Ymax，换算公式为：C4e6: Adapt the computer screen to the new coordinates of the projected plane points, convert the coordinates of the graphic points in the projected plane lattice p (i, j) to the three-dimensional graphics screen display area; set the graphic display area The width pixel value LX , the height pixel value LY , the maximum value of the abscissa of the graphic point is Xmax , the maximum value of the ordinate of the graphic point is Ymax , the conversion formula is:
其中，x，y分别为图形点的横坐标和纵坐标值，x′和y′分别为经屏幕适应处理后新的横坐标和纵坐标值，LX和LY分别为视图区屏幕横向和纵向的像素宽度，Xmax和Ymax分别为原图形横坐标和纵坐标的最大值；Among them, x, y are the abscissa and ordinate values of the graphics point respectively, x' and y' are the new abscissa and ordinate values after screen adaptation processing, LX andLY are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the screen in the viewing area respectively. Vertical pixel width, Xmax and Ymax are the maximum values of the abscissa and ordinate of the original graphic, respectively;
C4e7：由于计算机屏幕Y向坐标0位置在屏幕顶部，对投影后的平面点的纵向数值做数值取反处理，并加上平移值从而形成新的图形绘制点，然后再把新的图形绘制点拉回到图形显示区，计算式如下：C4e7: Since the coordinate 0 in the Y direction of the computer screen is at the top of the screen, the vertical value of the projected plane point is reversed, and the translation value is added to form a new graphic drawing point, and then the new graphic is drawn at the point Pull back to the graphic display area, the calculation formula is as follows:
y′＝offset-y；y'=offset-y;
其中，y′为数值取反处理后的数据，y为实际数据，offset为位移量；Among them, y' is the data after numerical inversion processing, y is the actual data, and offset is the displacement amount;
C4e8：在完成屏幕适应处理后的平面点阵，取平面点阵中相邻四点绘制封闭四边形，并对封闭四边形着色；在以i，j为循环变量，遍历绘制平面点阵中所有点构成的封闭四边形并基于压力值色带进行封闭图形着色。本发明中，采用封闭图形绘制法，并配以基于压力值色带的着色法，根据区域分布颜色即可直观看出瓦斯的安全状况，从而通过颜色直观的显示出瓦斯压力的危险程度；C4e8: After completing the screen adaptation process, take four adjacent points in the plane lattice to draw a closed quadrilateral, and color the closed quadrilateral; use i, j as loop variables, traverse all points in the plane lattice to form The closed quadrilateral of and coloring the closed graph based on the pressure value color ramp. In the present invention, the closed graph drawing method is adopted, coupled with the coloring method based on the pressure value ribbon, and the safety status of the gas can be visually seen according to the color of the regional distribution, thereby visually displaying the degree of danger of the gas pressure through the color;
C4e9：完成区域三维图像的重建。C4e9: Complete the reconstruction of the 3D image of the area.
曲面离散时，行向和列项坐标取值离散点数i，j越大，则图形分辨率也越高，重建后的图形误差越小，图形表面也越平滑。When the surface is discrete, the greater the number of discrete points i and j for the row and column item coordinates, the higher the graphic resolution, the smaller the error of the reconstructed graphic, and the smoother the graphic surface.
在进行瓦斯分布安全性评价时，以煤矿安全规程要求为基础，根据瓦斯动态压力数值的大小进行着色，本实施例中，对瓦斯动态压力数值采用着色法显示分布区域瓦斯压力状态，根据区域分布颜色即可直观看出瓦斯的安全状况。同时，还可以根据煤矿安全规程要求的安全值范围对测量结果进行综合评定，即根据瓦斯压力范围划分安全区域、亚安全区域、危险区域和严重危险区域，对所有压力探测点的值进行对照评判，给出评判结论，最终评定结果可通过绘制三维图形、输出着色分布图形以及评估结果等方式输出。评价结果定时存入数据库，并实现网络实时共享。When evaluating the safety of gas distribution, based on the requirements of coal mine safety regulations, coloring is performed according to the magnitude of the dynamic gas pressure value. In this embodiment, the coloring method is used to display the gas pressure state in the distribution area. The color can visually see the safety status of the gas. At the same time, the measurement results can also be comprehensively evaluated according to the safe value range required by the coal mine safety regulations, that is, according to the gas pressure range, the safe area, sub-safe area, dangerous area and serious dangerous area are divided, and the values of all pressure detection points are compared and judged , to give the evaluation conclusion, and the final evaluation result can be output by drawing three-dimensional graphics, outputting coloring distribution graphics, and evaluating results. The evaluation results are regularly stored in the database and shared in real time on the network.
本实施例中，可结合煤矿安全规程对瓦斯压力值进行着色，即把煤层瓦斯压力值从安全值到危险值与蓝色到橘红色代表的RGB值对应起来，形成平滑色带。根据色带所代表的瓦斯的安全情况把色带分为安全区域、亚安全区域、危险区域和严重危险区域，通过颜色直观看出当前任意区域的安全状况。系统对瓦斯测量曲面刷新绘制过程中，同步记录测量区域内超限和接近安全限的瓦斯压力值，并显示。如果瓦斯压力超限，系统直接报警。In this embodiment, the gas pressure value can be colored in combination with coal mine safety regulations, that is, the coal seam gas pressure value from safe value to dangerous value corresponds to RGB values represented by blue to orange red to form a smooth color band. According to the safety situation of the gas represented by the color ribbon, the ribbon is divided into safe area, sub-safe area, dangerous area and serious dangerous area, and the current safety status of any area can be intuitively seen through the color. During the process of refreshing and drawing the gas measurement surface, the system simultaneously records and displays the gas pressure values exceeding the limit and approaching the safety limit in the measurement area. If the gas pressure exceeds the limit, the system will directly alarm.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810221476.6ACN108442973B (en) | 2018-03-17 | 2018-03-17 | Coal-bed gas dynamic pressure evaluating method based on Optical Fiber Sensing Array distribution measuring |
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| CN201810221476.6ACN108442973B (en) | 2018-03-17 | 2018-03-17 | Coal-bed gas dynamic pressure evaluating method based on Optical Fiber Sensing Array distribution measuring |
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