Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a knee cruciate ligament reconstruction fixation device, which can avoid cutting the transplanted tendon and has a better fixation effect, so that the healing of the transplanted tendon in the tibial tunnel can be ensured.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the knee joint cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device comprises a nail sheath for being installed in a tibia intramedullary canal, wherein the nail sheath is provided with at least four elastic sheath walls, and further comprises a driving nail which is sleeved in the nail sheath and radially expands the sheath walls; the sheath wall comprises at least one pair of oppositely arranged first sheath walls and at least one pair of oppositely arranged second sheath walls, sharp protrusions used for being fixed on the tibia tunnel are arranged on the first sheath walls, tendon abdication holes used for enabling tendons to be embedded after being extruded are formed in the second sheath walls, and gaps are formed between the first sheath walls and the second sheath walls in an alternating mode.
Preferably, the guiding part connected with the bottom of the sheath wall is an inverted cone-shaped guiding part, the sheath wall is arranged at the large diameter end of the inverted cone-shaped guiding part, at least four strip slits are arranged on the inverted cone-shaped guiding part, the width of each strip slit gradually extends from the large diameter end of the inverted cone-shaped guiding part to the small diameter end of the inverted cone-shaped guiding part, the strip slits have a preset distance from the small diameter end, and the strip slits correspond to the gaps between the first sheath wall and the second sheath wall.
Preferably, the pointed protrusions are long pointed protrusions, and at least three long pointed protrusions are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the sheath wall where the long pointed protrusions are located; the tendon abdication holes are rectangular through holes, and at least three rectangular through holes are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the sheath wall where the tendon abdication holes are located.
Preferably, the head of the driven nail is a reverse taper mesa-shaped nail head for facilitating the spreading of the sheath wall.
Preferably, the nail body of the driven nail is provided with a taper of 1-3 degrees.
Preferably, the inverted cone table-shaped guide part is provided with a cross-shaped stepped hole, and the head part of the driven nail is provided with a cross-shaped stepped boss for being embedded into the stepped hole.
Preferably, the first sheath wall and/or the second sheath wall are/is provided with fixing holes for fixing the driving nails, and the tail part of the nail body is provided with fixing wings which are corresponding to the fixing holes in number and are used for being embedded into the fixing holes.
Preferably, rectangular through holes for facilitating bone cell crawling are formed in the nail body, are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the nail body and are in one-to-one correspondence with gaps between the first sheath wall and the second sheath wall in the circumferential direction.
Preferably, the nail sheath comprises a polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer injection molded nail sheath, and the driving nail comprises a polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer injection molded driving nail.
According to the knee joint cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device, as the sheath wall has elasticity and a gap is formed between the first sheath wall and the second sheath wall, when the nail sheath is installed in the tibia tunnel, the sheath wall is extruded by the tibia tunnel wall to be radially folded, so that the nail sheath can smoothly enter the tibia tunnel; when the driving nails are sleeved on the nail sheath, the sheath wall can recover deformation under the extrusion action of the driving nails, so that the sheath wall can be expanded. Because the sharp convex body is arranged on the first sheath wall, and the tendon abdication hole is arranged on the second sheath wall, when the sheath wall is expanded, under the extrusion action of the driving nail, the sharp convex body can be pressed into the tibia tunnel wall, so that the nail sheath is firmly fixed on the tibia tunnel wall, and meanwhile, the transplanted tendon can be automatically embedded into the tendon abdication hole and the gap between two adjacent sheath walls under the action of self elasticity, thereby avoiding the cutting action of the interface screw in the prior art on the transplanted tendon. That is, the knee cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device provided by the application can avoid cutting action on transplanted tendons and has a better fixing effect, so that healing of the transplanted tendons in a tibial tunnel can be ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an embodiment of a knee cruciate ligament reconstruction fixation device provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a nail sheath in an embodiment of the knee cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a tack sheath in an embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of a driving pin according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a driven nail according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a peg sheath entering a tibial tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the fixation of the peg sheath to the tibial tunnel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention after tendon insertion sheath insertion.
In fig. 1-9:
the tendon transplanting device comprises a nail sheath 1, a first sheath wall 11, a second sheath wall 12, a pointed bulge 13, a tendon abdication hole 14, an inverted cone table-shaped guide part 15, a long strip slit 16, a stepped hole 17, a fixing hole 18, an auxiliary positioning hole 19, a driving nail 2, an inverted cone table-shaped nail head 21, a nail body 22, a stepped boss 23, a fixing wing 24, a rectangular through hole 25, an auxiliary guide hole 26, a tibia tunnel 3 and a transplanted tendon 4.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The core of the invention is to provide a knee joint cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device which can avoid cutting action on transplanted tendons and has better fixing effect, thus ensuring the healing of the transplanted tendons in a tibial tunnel.
Referring to fig. 1-9, fig. 1 is an exploded view of a structure of an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a sheath according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a top view of a tack sheath in an embodiment provided by the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of a driving pin according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a top view of a driven nail according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a peg sheath entering a tibial tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the fixation of the peg sheath to the tibial tunnel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 9 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention after tendon insertion sheath insertion.
The application provides a knee joint cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device, which comprises a nail sheath 1 used for being installed in a tibia medullary canal 3, wherein the nail sheath 1 is provided with at least four elastic sheath walls, and further comprises a driving nail 2 used for being sleeved in the nail sheath 1 to radially expand the sheath walls; the sheath wall comprises at least one pair of oppositely arranged first sheath walls 11 and at least one pair of oppositely arranged second sheath walls 12, sharp protrusions 13 for fixing on the tibia tunnel 3 are arranged on the first sheath walls 11, tendon abdication holes 14 for embedding the tendons after being extruded are arranged on the second sheath walls 12, and gaps are arranged between the first sheath walls 11 and the second sheath walls 12 alternately.
The knee cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device provided by the application is mainly used for solving the problems that in the prior art, when an interface screw is adopted to fix a transplanted tendon 4, the transplanted tendon 4 is easy to cause shearing action and is not fixed firmly. Therefore, the knee cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device provided by the application comprises a nail sheath 1 and a driving nail 2 matched with the nail sheath 1. According to the application, the fixing mode of screwing the interface screw into the tibial tunnel in the prior art is changed into the mode of extruding the nail sheath 1 by the driving nail 2, so that the sharp convex body 13 arranged on the sheath wall is pressed into the tibial tunnel wall to enhance the fixing effect, and the transplanted tendon 4 is automatically embedded into the tendon abdication hole 14 arranged on the sheath wall to avoid cutting the transplanted tendon 4.
Specifically, the nail sheath 1 is provided with at least four elastic sheath walls, and the sheath walls can be elastically deformed under the action of external force. When the nail sheath 1 enters the tibia tunnel 3, the sheath wall can be radially folded under the extrusion action of the tibia tunnel wall, so that the nail sheath 1 can be ensured to smoothly enter the tibia tunnel 3, and the tibia tunnel wall or the transplanted tendon 4 is prevented from being scratched by the sharp convex body 13, so that the damage of the tibia tunnel wall or the cutting action on the transplanted tendon 4 can be avoided.
When the driving nail 2 is sleeved on the nail sheath 1, the sheath wall can radially expand under the extrusion action of the driving nail 2, so that the sharp convex body 13 can be ensured to be vertically pressed into the tibia tunnel wall, and the nail sheath 1 and the tibia tunnel wall are fixed more firmly. Meanwhile, when the transplanted tendon 4 is radially expanded under the extrusion action of the driving nail 2, the transplanted tendon 4 is radially extruded, and the transplanted tendon 4 generates a reaction force opposite to the extrusion action of the sheath wall due to the occupation action of the transplanted tendon 4 in the tibial tunnel 3, so that the transplanted tendon 4 is embedded into the tendon abduction hole 14 under the action of self elasticity and is clamped in the gap between the first sheath wall 11 and the second sheath wall 12.
Further, the pointed protrusions 13 are disposed on the first sheath wall 11, and at least one pair of the first sheath walls 11 are disposed opposite to each other, which can ensure the balance of the tibial tunnel wall stress when the pointed protrusions 13 are pressed perpendicularly into the tibial tunnel wall. The shape and the number of the pointed convex bodies 13 are not particularly limited, so long as the pointed convex bodies 13 can be pressed into the tibial tunnel wall to fix the nail sheath 1 and the tibial tunnel wall when the sheath wall is expanded.
The tendon abdication holes 14 are formed in the second sheath walls 12, and at least one pair of the second sheath walls 12 are arranged opposite to each other, which can ensure the symmetry of the distribution of the transplanted tendon 4 on the nail sheath 1 and is helpful for the healing of the cruciate ligament. The shape and number of tendon relief holes 14 are not particularly limited in the present application, and may be set by a designer according to actual needs.
In order to fix the tendon implant 4 to the tibial tunnel 3 more firmly, the driving nail 2 and the nail sheath 1 are excessively or interference fit, which ensures the tension of the sheath wall of the driving nail 2 after the nail sheath 1 is sleeved.
It can be appreciated that the nail sheath 1 is provided with an auxiliary positioning hole 19 for auxiliary guiding and positioning when being installed in the tibia tunnel 3; the driving nail 2 is provided with an auxiliary guide hole 26 for auxiliary guide and positioning when sleeved in the nail sheath 1.
In summary, according to the knee cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device provided by the application, since the sheath wall has elasticity and a gap is formed between the first sheath wall 11 and the second sheath wall 12, when the nail sheath 1 is installed in the tibial tunnel 3, the sheath wall is extruded by the tibial tunnel wall to be radially folded, so that the nail sheath 1 can smoothly enter the tibial tunnel 3; when the driving nails 2 are sleeved on the nail sheath 1, the sheath wall can be restored to deform under the extrusion action of the driving nails 2, so that the sheath wall can be expanded. Because the sharp convex body 13 is arranged on the first sheath wall 11, and the tendon abdication hole 14 is arranged on the second sheath wall 12, when the sheath walls are expanded, under the extrusion action of the driving nail 2, the sharp convex body 13 can be pressed into the tibia tunnel wall 3, so that the nail sheath 1 is firmly fixed on the tibia tunnel wall, and meanwhile, the transplanted tendon 4 can be automatically embedded into the tendon abdication hole 14 and the gap between two adjacent sheath walls under the action of self elasticity, thereby avoiding the interface screw in the prior art from cutting the transplanted tendon 4. That is, the knee cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device provided by the application can avoid cutting the transplanted tendon 4 and has a better fixing effect, so that the transplanted tendon 4 can be healed in the tibial tunnel 3.
Considering the specific implementation manner of radial folding after the nail sheath 1 is stressed, on the basis of the embodiment, the guiding part connected with the bottom of the sheath wall is an inverted frustum-shaped guiding part 15, the sheath wall is arranged at the large diameter end of the inverted frustum-shaped guiding part 15, at least four strip slits 16 are arranged on the inverted frustum-shaped guiding part 15, the width of each strip slit 16 gradually extends from the large diameter end of the inverted frustum-shaped guiding part 15 to the small diameter end of the inverted frustum-shaped guiding part, the strip slits 16 have a preset distance from the small diameter end, and the strip slits 16 correspond to the gaps between the first sheath wall 11 and the second sheath wall 12.
That is, in this embodiment, the radial extrusion of the tibial tunnel wall to the nail sheath 1 is mainly generated at the outer periphery of the large diameter end of the inverted cone-shaped guiding portion 15, and since at least four elongated slits 16 are provided in the circumferential direction of the inverted cone-shaped guiding portion 15, the inverted cone-shaped guiding portion 15 will be radially folded under the radial extrusion of the tibial tunnel wall, so that the sheath wall connected to the inverted cone-shaped guiding portion 15 can be driven to be radially folded, so that the nail sheath 1 can be smoothly installed in the tibial tunnel 3.
It will be appreciated that, in order to ensure uniformity of radial collapsing of the inverted frusto-conical guide 15 and the sheath wall, it is preferable that the number of slits 16 corresponds to the number of sheets of sheath wall such that the slits 16 correspond one-to-one to the gaps between the first and second sheath walls 11, 12, i.e. the gaps between adjacent sheath walls meet the slits 16.
The preset distance in the present application refers to a distance from one end of the elongated slit 16 near the small diameter end of the inverted cone-shaped guiding portion 15 to the small diameter end of the inverted cone-shaped guiding portion 15, and the preset distance is not specifically limited, that is, the length of the elongated slit 16 itself is not limited, and a designer may set a specific value of the preset distance according to actual needs.
Considering the specific number and distribution of the cusp projections 13 and tendon abdication holes 14, on the basis of the above embodiment, the cusp projections 13 are elongated cusp projections, and at least three elongated cusp projections are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the sheath wall where they are located; the tendon relief holes 14 are rectangular through holes, and at least three rectangular through holes are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the sheath wall where they are located.
It will be appreciated that the elongated pointed projections may increase the contact area of the pointed projections 13 with the tibial tunnel wall, thereby increasing the grip between the pointed projections 13 and the tibial tunnel wall. The application does not limit the specific number of the long-strip-shaped pointed convex bodies, the more the number is, the more firmly the nail sheath 1 is fixed with the tibial tunnel wall, however, when the number of the long-strip-shaped pointed convex bodies is too large, the strength of the tibial tunnel wall is affected.
The rectangular through holes can enable the transplanted tendon 4 to be embedded more easily, and in order to avoid cutting of the transplanted tendon 4 at the corners of the rectangular through holes, the corners of the rectangular through holes are in smooth transition. The application does not limit the specific number of the rectangular through holes, the more the number is, the more firmly the transplanted tendon 4 is attached to the nail sheath 1, however, when the number of the rectangular through holes is too large, the strength of the sheath wall is affected.
In view of the problem of smoothness in the expansion of the sheath wall of the driven nail 2, the head of the driven nail 2 is a reverse taper stage-shaped nail head 21 for facilitating the expansion of the sheath wall, on the basis of the above-described embodiment.
That is, in the process of sheathing the driving nail 2 around the nail sheath 1, since the small diameter end of the inverted cone-shaped nail head 21 has a relatively small radial dimension, the driving nail 2 easily enters the inner hole surrounded by the folded sheath wall, and as the driving nail 2 continuously extends into the nail sheath 1, the radial dimension of the inverted cone-shaped nail head 21 gradually increases, so that the folded sheath wall can be gradually opened.
In order to fully open the folded sheath 1, the shank 22 of the driven nail 2 is provided with a taper of 1 ° to 3 ° on the basis of the above embodiment.
That is, the radial dimension of the shank 22 of the driven nail 2 is gradually increased from the head to the tail of the driven nail 2, which can further ensure the complete opening of the sheath wall of the nail sheath 1, thereby completely recovering the deformation of the folded sheath wall.
In order to avoid the rotation of the driven nail 2 after being sleeved on the nail sheath 1, the inverted frustum-shaped guide part 15 is provided with a cross-shaped stepped hole 17, and the head of the driven nail 2 is provided with a cross-shaped stepped boss 23 for embedding the stepped hole 17.
That is, after the driving nail 2 is fitted into the nail sheath 1, the cross-shaped stepped boss 23 is fitted into the cross-shaped stepped hole 17, so that the driving nail 2 is prevented from rotating in the nail sheath 1 due to the movement of the patient at a later stage, and thus, the stability of the connection of the driving nail 2 and the nail sheath 1 can be ensured.
Considering the problem of fixing the driven nail 2 and the nail sheath 1, on the basis of the above embodiment, the first sheath wall 11 and/or the second sheath wall 12 are provided with fixing holes 18 for fixing the driven nail 2, and the tail part of the nail body 22 is provided with fixing wings 24 which are corresponding to the fixing holes 18 and are used for being embedded in the fixing holes 18.
That is, the connection stability between the driving nail 2 and the nail sheath 1 is further improved by the fitting and fixing of the fixing wings 24 and the fixing holes 18, so that the driving nail 2 is prevented from falling off from the nail sheath 1 due to the movement of a later patient.
In order to accelerate healing of the tibial tunnel 3, on the basis of the above embodiment, the nail body 21 is provided with rectangular through holes 25 for facilitating bone cell crawling, and the rectangular through holes 25 are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the nail body 21 and are in one-to-one correspondence with gaps between the first sheath wall 11 and the second sheath wall 12 in the circumferential direction.
The rectangular through hole 25 is preferably a through hole with rounded corners. And the rectangular through holes 25 are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the nail body 22.
Considering the specific material problems of the nail sheath 1 and the driving nail 2, the nail sheath 1 comprises the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer injection-molded nail sheath, and the driving nail 2 comprises the polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer injection-molded driving nail.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The knee cruciate ligament reconstruction fixing device provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.