Invention content
Present inventors have developed one kind in the case where being possible to keep anonymity during whole process fromBody sample obtains the method and system of test result.Test to body sample be for individuals or pet physiology and/Or the test of the biomarker of medical condition.
First aspect is related to a kind of method for obtaining test result from body sample, and the method includes following stepsSuddenly：
The container for being suitable for preserving body sample is provided, the container includes unique identification code；
It is taken by the application executed on mobile/handheld computing device by calling the scanning function of mobile/handheld computing deviceReturn the unique identification code, wherein the application executed on the mobile/handheld computing device is the unique identification codeIt is associated with multiple possible body sample tests；
It is selected from the multiple possible body sample test by the application executed on the mobile/handheld computing deviceOne or more body sample tests；
One or more body samples are tested by mobile/handheld computing device handle is associated with the unique identification codeThe selection database that is transmitted to the server at network site and/or is transmitted at analytic unit；
Body sample is located in container；
By container transmission/transport analytic unit；
The container is received at the analytic unit；
By calling the scanning function of authentication code reader at the analytic unit unique mark is fetched from containerCode；
Using the unique identification code pass is fetched from the server from network site and/or the database from analytic unitIn the information that execute which body sample test to the body sample in container；
One or more body sample tests are executed to the body sample in container；
One or more body sample test results to the body sample in container are related to the unique identification codeConnection, and be stored on the server at network site and/or on database；
Using described in being executed on the mobile/handheld computing device using the unique identification code from network positionIt the server at the place of setting and/or is fetched from database about one or more of body samples to the body sample in the containerThe information of this test result.
Term " body sample " include but is not limited to urine, saliva, breathing, hair, nail, Stomatocyte, oral fluid,Excrement, skin, sweat, nose liquid, mucus, sperm, vaginal fluid, blood, intraocular liquid, eye swab and earwax.
In one or more embodiments, body sample be selected from by urine, saliva, breathing, hair, nail, Stomatocyte,Oral fluid, excrement, skin, sweat, nose liquid, mucus, sperm, vaginal fluid, blood, intraocular liquid, eye swab and earwax compositionGroup.
In one or more embodiments, body sample is selected from the group being made of blood and urine.
In the present context, unique identification code is the generation for indicating to be suitable for preserving the unique mark of the container of body sampleCode, such as ciphering sequence number（Such as electronic product code）.Authentication code may include product（Container）Sequence number, is criticized modelNumber, build date, validity date, price, sell/sell country and mark product or with other relevant product identifications of productRelevant information.
Following form may be used in the code：One-dimensional bar code, two-dimensional bar, QR codes or one-dimensional bar code and/orThe combination of two-dimensional bar and/or QR codes.
The code can also use RFID chip/label（Radio frequency identification）Form.
The code that can be read by electronic reader/scanner machine on mobile/handheld computing device by executingIt is fetched using by calling the scanning function of mobile/handheld computing device.Therefore, the mobile/handheld computing device（ExampleSuch as, smart phone）Including authentication code reader/scanner（For example, the camera of smart phone）.
Unique identification code and multiple possible body samples are tested in the application executed on mobile/handheld computing deviceIt is associated.Thus user can select multiple and different tests to his/her body sample.Testing the possibility of body sample isFor the body biomarker of the physiology and/or medical condition of individuals or pet（Such as oxidative stress, antioxidant and inflammatoryBiomarker）Test.
Although the usually main analysis executed using blood preparation to oxidative stress, antioxidant and inflammatory biomarker,But the present invention uses urine specimen, urine specimen with non-intruding mode and can be exposed to blood source by less skilled individualIt is obtained in the case of the risk of pathogen is lower.In addition, the level of some biomarkers of blood sample may be due to haemolysisThe release of red blood cell component or due to the precursor when blood is exposed to air in sample（Such as unsaturated lipids）In vitro oxygenChange and is substantially changed.
The test for multiple urine biologies label that urine executes is provided more steady than any individual urine biology labelThe strong assessment to individual health state.
In one or more embodiments, the user between the test of the possibility of the urine from urine specimen selects optionIt includes at least：It is directed to the test of at least one biomarker of inflammation, oxidative stress and antioxidant activity respectively.Test can be withIn the liquid phase（In test tube or microplate hole）It executes, is suitable for the simple test paper method using dried reagent, or be merged into microfluidOr in current immunity detecting device.
Work as reactive oxygen species（ROS）（Such as lipid peroxide）Abnormal level when leading to molecular damage in body, meetingOxidative stress occurs.ROS can be generated for example by fungi or viral infection, aging, UV radiation, pollution, excessive consumption of alcohol and smoking.ROS can further cause age-dependent macular degeneration and cataract.
Oxidative stress test may include merging specific malonaldehyde（MDA）Or 4- Hydroxynonenals（4HNE）Method is to quantifyLipid peroxidation, and/or merge Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance（TBARS）Method to measure effect due to free radical and byIt is oxidized to the wider range of the substance of aldehyde and ketone.These tests are known in the art and can be by analysis institutions appropriateTo execute.Several other biomarkers can be used for the test for oxidative stress.The high-level indicating oxygen of these biomarkersChange stress individual in occur.The low-level of these biomarkers indicates healthy individuals.
Resistance to oxidation is tested（Sometimes referred to as oxidation resistance is tested）Using CUPRAC（The anti-oxidant energy of divalent copper reductionPower）Method measures multiple types by being present in urine specimen（Uric acid, protein, vitamin, dietary supplements）It is causedThe summation of antioxidant activity.Alternatively or additionally, can come special measure or distinguish uric acid, anti-bad using modified methodBlood protein or to other contributive substances of whole resistance to oxidation, to which monitoring is referred to as the substance of " anti-oxidant deposit ".ThisA little tests are well known in the art and can be executed by analysis institution appropriate.Other several biomarkers can be used forTest resistance to oxidation.The high value of resistance to oxidation（It is directed to a greater amount of biomarkers of resistance to oxidation）Indicate healthy individuals,Because the individual have can neutralize cause oxidative damage and stress free radical compound.
Inflammation is made of the physiology and pathology affair of a series of complex, which includes some protein（For example, such asThe cell factor and COX-2 of IL-6 and IL-8 etc and the inducible form of nitricoxide synthase）Yield increase.By an oxygenNitric oxide production can increase to up to 1000 times during inflammation caused by changing the induction isomers of nitrogen synthase, andIt is proved to be the useful organisms label of inflammation.Urine nitric acid salt excretion increases in the patient with rheumatoid arthritis, andIt is reduced in the patient for taking prednisolone.Because NO is relatively unstable, it is possible to by using its catabolite nitre of measurementHydrochlorate and nitrite（Measure the summation of the nitrite or nitrite and nitrate in urine specimen（It is commonly abbreviated asNOx））Method test the yield of NO.These tests are well known in the art and can be by analysis machines appropriateStructure executes.In addition, although the protein of high level is related to nephrosis in urine, however, it is known that certain inflammatory cells becauseThe effect of son, which makes to be detained by the hematoglobin protein that kidney is realized, to be reduced so that the raising of urine protein level associated with nephrosisThe appropriateness horizontal compared to lower urine protein increases the biomarker that may be used as inflammation.Other several biomarkers can be used forFor the detection of inflammation.The inflammation biomarker of higher level indicates to occur during inflammation is individual, may indicate that disease.It is relatively lowHorizontal inflammation biomarker indicates healthy individuals.Chronic inflammation can cause Hay Fever, atherosclerosis and rheumatoid to closeSection is scorching.Anti-inflammatory agent is also proved to significantly reduce heart disease, the incidence of diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer.
It due to the sequencing to human genome, has become and is more and more obvious, although science of heredity is for sub-fractionMain function is played in the development of the disease of population, but science of heredity is only big to the general impacts of the main non-communicable diseases of the mankindAbout 15-20%.Particularly with highest morbidity and mortality in meter and developed country（Chronic disease, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseaseDisease, neurodegenerative disease and autoimmune disease）Disease development, it is important it is more be diet, life style（Including forgingRefining, smoking, alcohol use）With the influence of environment.All of these factors taken together influence individual health and they cause inflammation and/orOxidative stress increases or decreases.Moreover, oxidative stress may trigger some reactions for increasing level of inflammation.
Sexually transmitted disease can be directed to other tests of urine specimen, such as Chlamydia test, gonorrhoea test, mycoplasma are surveyedExamination, the test of urea substance, trichomonas vaginalis test, Gardnerella vaginalis test, the test of herpe simplex I/II types.
Almost all of biomarker（It is determined directly from test sample）It is preferred that by using advanced automation instrumentDevice most accurately, the biochemical measurement established recently measures.
Urine specimen can be handled optionally with substance, and the substance assists in keeping measured ingredient and storing or transportingPeriod is from decomposition, and/or prevents from generating additional reactive material in vitro, and/or prevents storing or transporting the phase in sampleBetween may change numerical value microorganism growth.
Some blood biomarkers of the oxidative stress status of instruction individual are briefly described below.Identical blood biology markNote can be used for other instructions.
1. total olefine aldehydr.The test is measured to cytolipin plasma membrane and lipoprotein（That is LDL）Free radical attack lipidPeroxide（Malonaldehyde and 4- Hydroxynonenals）Product.In the measured value reflection body of the amount of serum lipid peroxide certainlyThe amount damaged by base.
2. aqueous hydroperoxides.The test measures aqueous hydroperoxides, and such as hydrogen peroxide can be with enzymatic oxidationMetal reaction has reactive hydroxyl to be formed very.The measured value of the amount of serum hydroperoxides reflects at that time in bodyThe amount of the free radical of generation.
3. lipid hydroperoxide.It [is not hydrogen peroxide or lipid peroxide that the test, which measures lipid hydroperoxide,The product of damage, i.e. aldehyde（MDA）].The measured value of the amount of serum lipids hydroperoxides reflects oneself generated in body at that timeBy the amount of base.
4. automatic antibody oxidation-LDL.Angiocardiopathy development current and main theory be：LDL is aoxidized, coverletNucleus swallows, and monocyte becomes ' foam ' cell, then ' foam ' cell is stuck in arterial cell wall and causes fatSour speckle lesion（Patch）.The LDL of oxidation（Ox-LDL）Cause immune response to remove it from body.Immune response with it is wholeThe amount of Ox-LDL present in a body is directly proportional.Since most of Ox-LDL is in arterial cell wall, in serumIt is not largely effective to measure Ox-LDL；Therefore, cardiovascular is presently considered to be to the autoimmune antibody measurement result of Ox-LDLThe very strong risk indication amount of disease.
5. total iron.Unbonded iron can be by being catalyzed from hydrogen peroxide and strong reductant（Such as ascorbate orHomocysteine）Generation has reactive hydroxyl very much（Fenton's reaction）And play the role of prooxidant.High ferro（Excess load）It is associated with following items：A large amount of radical damage and the most of age-related diseases of development（Such as diabetes, heart disease andCancer）High risk.
Iron binding capacity obtained by 6.（AIBC）It is not combine iron and therefore can receive（Capture）Free iron moleculeTransferrins, ferritin and albumin amount.Known iron-binding protein matter is very well protected from iron catalysis free radical and generates.High AIBC provides the good initiation protected in order to avoid oxidative damage reacts.AIBC protein synthesizes in liver and in serumIn be maintained at fairly constant steady-state level；In general, iron（The iron combined by protein）Higher, AIBC is lower.
7. total iron binding capacity（TIBC）It is indicated by value AIBC+ total iron.This value is used for reflecting that liver manufacture iron combinesThe ability of protein.
8. iron saturation degree percentage-is as a percentage（Total iron/TIBC）.This is the opposite of iron and iron binding capacityRatio；Iron saturation degree is higher, and the risk that iron participates in catalysis Kinds of Free Radicals is higher.
9. ferritin-is the iron-binding protein matter synthesized in response to the amount of Iron in Serum by liver.Ferritin is bodyIron stores and the index of possible long-term iron overload.High ferritin levels are associated with following items in serum：Largely certainlyDamaged by base and developed most of age-related diseases（Such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer）High risk.
10. bronze medal.Known unbonded copper even more has reactive prooxidant than iron, especially there is strong reductionAgent（Such as ascorbic acid（Vitamin C）Or homocysteine）In the case of.High copper level in serum can cause high levelOxidative damage and associated with high-caliber oxidative damage.CuZn-SOD and ceruloplasmin need fewAmount.
11. up to the 95% of the copper found in ceruloplasmin combination serum.In normal patient, ceruloplasminAmount it is directly proportional to the amount of Copper in Serum.Copper concentration is usually related to the risk of a large amount of lipid peroxidation and angiocardiopathyConnection.Ceruloplasmin is considered as antioxidant, therefore it serves as Ferroxidase（Aoxidize free iron）, to inhibit its conductProoxidant participates in removing excessive iron from body, and is essential in removing excessive iron from body.Plasma copperAzurin also functions as superoxide dismutase.See that ceruloplasmin is reduced in Wilson's disease.
12. glucose.Glucose level instruction patient just in fasting or can indicate uncontrolled diabetes or low bloodSugared disease.
13. glycated proteins（Fructosamine）For being averaged during the last 1-3 weeks before measuring sample collection timeBlood glucose level.The measurement measure serum in all glycated proteins [gross protein, including albumin, but include only exist inHemoglobin in whole blood（RBC）].The amount of glycated proteins increases with oxidative stress and aging.
14. oxygen radical absorbability [ORAC] measures the total antioxidant capacity in sample.95% ORAC values indicate bloodSnap action antioxidant in clear, snap action antioxidant constitute the first line of defence.These include ascorbic acid, mercaptan,Uric acid, bioflavonoid, polyphenol etc..50% ORAC values indicate the quick and intermediate effect antioxidant that serum uses, quicklyInclude the antioxidant of medium activity, such as albumin and lipid with intermediate effect antioxidant.
15. aqueous ORAC- measures the antioxidant after removing isolating protein and lipid in serum sample.Due to theyRichness, almost half whole serum ORAC values come from protein and lipid.Most protein and lipid are not to have very much workThe antioxidant of property（Victim）, and reduce spirit of the ORAC measurement in terms of measuring less abundant but more active antioxidantSensitivity.Lipid is removed from serum sample and protein increases spirit of the ORAC measurement in terms of measuring other water soluble antioxidantsSensitivity.
16. lipid ORAC- measures the antioxidant in serum sample after the protein of removal sample and water phase.Due toTheir richness, more than half of whole serum ORAC values come from protein and aqueous antioxidant.It is removed from serum sampleProtein and aqueous antioxidant increase sensitivity of the measurement to measurement fat-soluble antioxidant.
17. lipid peroxidation rejection ability [LPIC] measures.Plasma antioxidants can be classified as two kinds of main Types：（a）Main anti-oxidant, such as ceruloplasmin and transferrins, by reducing lipid peroxidation in conjunction with enzymatic oxidation metalInitiation rate；With（b）Auxiliary antioxidant, such as tocopherol reduce chain growth and the amplification of lipid peroxidation.Many antioxygensAgent（Such as uric acid）Also have a variety of oxidation resistance properties, these antioxidants can in conjunction with many enzymatic oxidation metals and directlyRemove oxidative species.LPIC, which is measured, measures when main anti-oxidant and auxiliary antioxidant system work together in the sample himThe two activity.In the mankind, low serum LPIC values have been demonstrated the development for indicating adult's onset diabetes strongly.
18. vitamin C [ascorbic acid].Ascorbic acid can directly remove oxidisability type, and can generate otherThe antioxidant aoxidized, such as vitamin E.However, there is the enzymatic oxidation metal that dissociates around（Iron, copper etc.）The case whereUnder, catalysis is generated oxidative free radical by ascorbic strong reducing power.
19. mercaptan is very active antioxidant and reducing agent.Most of serum thiols are then being swum in albuminFrom being found in cysteine and glutathione.Albumin mercaptan is considered serving as sacrificial antioxidant, almost without impairedThe biological consequences of wound.Due to their high anti-oxidation reactivity and high concentration, albumin mercaptan serves as main shielding agent resistance pairThe radical damage of cell membrane.
20. lutein is very active fat soluble carotenoids antioxidant（It is 2.3 times of vitamin E）, holdEasily it is absorbed into serum.Lutein and zeaxanthin are the principal elements for preventing macular degeneration, and macular degeneration is the elderly's mistakeThe main reason for bright, and account for the 10% of all blindness numbers.
21. zeaxanthin is very active fat soluble carotenoids antioxidant（It is 2.8 times of vitamin E）,It is easy to be absorbed into serum.Lutein and zeaxanthin are related with macular degeneration is prevented, and macular degeneration is the elderly's blindnessMain cause, and account for the 10% of all blindness numbers.
22. beta-cryptoxanthin may be most active fat-soluble antioxidant（It is 3.1 times of vitamin E）, it is easy quiltIt is absorbed into serum.
23. lycopene is one of most active fat-soluble antioxidant（It is 2.8 times of vitamin E）.Studies have shown thatLycopene may be extremely important in terms of preventing prostate cancer.
24. alpha-carotene is a kind of precursor of known antioxidant and vitamin A.Experimental evidence proves, α-carrotElement is antioxidant more stronger than beta carotene and cell differential agent and therefore can be more preferable in terms of pre- anti-cancer.
25. beta carotene is a kind of precursor of known antioxidant and vitamin A, diet benefit has been widely used as itFill agent.It is strong cell differential agent, and therefore can pre- anti-cancer.
26. retinol [vitamin A] is a kind of known antioxidant and cell differential agent, and therefore can be given protection against cancer in advanceMany aspects of disease and aging.
27. retinyl palmitate.The retinol ester in the source of vitamin A is most commonly used as in dietary supplements and food.
28. carotenoids.This group of carotenoid includes that very possible many beneficial to health is not true to typeCarotenoid.This value provides the population value of good fruits and vegetables consumption figure.
29. alpha-tocopherol（Vitamin E）It is one of most typical and fat-soluble antioxidant of meal supplement.In addition to it is anti-Except oxidability, also there is cell differentiation attribute, cell differentiation attribute to be considered showing in terms of pre- anti-cancer good for it.
30. Delta-Tocopherol（Vitamin E）.Although about Delta-Tocopherol to few known to the advantageous effect of the mankind, itIt is generally found small amount in food and human serum.
31. Gamma-Tocopherol（Vitamin E）.The main Types of the vitamin E found in heart, and therefore due to itIt can be selected for body as antioxidant or as the particular feature of differentiation agent.
32. tocopherol/（Cholesterol+triglycerides）.The ratio of lipid antioxidant and the amount of lipid to be protected.It was found that such parameter is provided than individually assessing these biomarkers for the much better of the risk for developing angiocardiopathyInstruction.
33. panthenol [ubiquinone IO] is synthesized usually as a part for Mitochondria system in cell, andIt is present in lipid biomembrane.CoQIO can also be absorbed by diet, and can serve as very active antioxidant, andAnd protect LDL from oxidation.
34. cholesterol.Cholesterol is the well known painstaking effort realized by indicating the amount of the possible potential lipid aoxidizedThe risk of pipe disease indicates object.Angiocardiopathy development current theory be：LDL is aoxidized, and is swallowed by monocyte, and monokaryon is thinBorn of the same parents become to be stuck in arterial cell wall and cause aliphatic acid speckle lesion（Patch）" foam " cell.
35. triglycerides.Triglycerides is the glycerine and Fatty acid compositions by being attached to the referred to as protein of lipoproteinEster.Triglycerides and cholesterol all measure the total amount of lipoprotein in serum, which can be as the thick of risk of cardiovascular diseasesSlightly index.The associated risk of cardiovascular diseases prediction provided by triglycerides and cholesterol itself is actually low（44%）；But combined with vitamin A and E,（Cholesterol+triglycerides）/（Vitamin A and E）Ratio by risk profile energyPower is increased to 85% accuracy.
36. albumin.Each albumin molecule includes many very active thiol groups, and thiol group serves as effectivelyAntioxidant.Albumin is referred to as sacrificial antioxidant, because it does not have circulating path and the consequence of its damage is not straightConnect influence cell function.Albumin has high-conversion rate；Impaired albumin is degraded, and the amino that body has been reusedAcid.Other most of Antioxidation Mechanisms use certain Direct Regeneration system（That is vitamin E, vitamin C and glutathione peroxidatingObject enzyme）.
Gross protein-includes albumin and immunoglobulin.Therefore, the amount of globulin can be according to simple in serum sampleEquation calculate,
Globulin amount=gross protein-albumin amount.
38. albumins/globulins ratio is used as the generally labeling of health and kilter.Ideal ratio is 1.85 or moreIt is high.High immunoglobulinlg can indicate that Long-term Infection, Long-term Infection may increase the risk of development autoimmune disease.
39. homocysteine.Homocysteine is a kind of strong reductant, and can promote enzymatic oxidation metal catalyticFree radical generates.Homocysteine level increases highly relevant with the high risk of angiocardiopathy.It is high in Most patientsHomocysteine is caused by folic acid and/or vitamin B12 deficiency.
40. folic acid.Folic acid participates in DNA synthesis, red blood cell regeneration and homocysteine metabolism.Low-level is lacked with birthIt falls into, DNA damage and homocysteine accumulation are associated.Lacking leads to the raising of DNA mutation rate, LDL oxidations, irreversible neurodegenerationAnd anaemia.Folic acid and vitamin B12 are collaboration in terms of their effect.
41. vitamin B12 [cyanocobalamin].Vitamin B12 participates in DNA synthesis, red blood cell regeneration and homocysteineMetabolism.Low-level is associated with the accumulation of inborn defect, DNA damage and homocysteine.Lacking leads to the raising of DNA mutation rate, LDLOxidation, irreversible neurodegeneration and anaemia.Vitamin B12 and folic acid are collaboration in terms of their effect.
42. low-density lipoprotein（LDL）.It is known as ' bad ' cholesterol, LDL and heart disease risk positive in popular documentIt closes.By reducing free enzymatic oxidation metal, increase water soluble antioxidant（Albumin, uric acid and vitamin C）With it is fat-solubleAntioxidant（VitAVitE, CoQIO and carotenoid）It may be implemented to prevent LDL from being aoxidized.
43. high-density lipoprotein（HDL）.It is known as ' good ' cholesterol, HDL and heart disease risk negative in popular documentIt closes.
44. apolipoprotein B is the protein mainly found on LDL, and is therefore actually the measurement of LDL.
45. aPoA is the protein mainly found on HDL, and is therefore actually the measurement of HDL.
46.5- dihydrotestosterones are known to cause male pattern alopecia and damage prostatic cell（This increases the wind of prostate cancerDanger）Testosterone toxic forms.
47. cortisol.Cortisol is a kind of steroid hormone, many different types of including oxidative stressIt stress be raised period.Raised levels of cortisol is exposed to for a long time to have been demonstrated to accelerate the sign of aging.
48. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA-S].DHEA-S is referred to as main hormone, because it is swashed for many otherThe precursor of element synthesis.Since DHEA-S levels were shown with the age and reduce, thus it have recently become it is very popularDietary supplements be used to hormonal readiness is increased to the range that the young stage of life sees.DHEA- sulfate is usually to depositThe form of storage in the body, and therefore compared with directly supplementing DHEA, which has less negative side-effects.
49. estradiol.Estradiol and the high risk of development breast cancer link together, especially in overdose replenishersIn postmenopausal women.The estrogen of other forms is reported safer.The known higher women's ratio of long-term estradiol internal circulating load is justNormal women reaches climacteric earlier.
50. insulin-like growth factor-i [IGF-1].IGF-1 transmits human growth hormone（HGH）Effect, such as pierceSwash cell turnover, reparation and growth.In normal patient, IGF-1 is generated in liver, and the amount and growth hormone of generation are at justThan.Due to its long half time, IGF-1 can be used for measuring the average magnitude of the growth hormone discharged in 48 hours in the past.Because HGH existsThere are many cycle peak values during entire day and night, so in terms of determining the insufficient or excessive releases of HGH, HGH's is singleSerum determination is not very accurate.HGH and IGF-1, which is injected, has been demonstrated to help the elderly to rebuild muscle and strength, so as to improveTheir quality of life.
51. progesterone.Progesterone is considered as the popular replenishers of enhancing memory and cognitive function at present.
52. testosterone.Testosterone is responsible for most of adult male characteristics（Such as facial hair and muscle growth）Expression and dimensionIt holds.However, testosterone may be in some cells（Such as hair follicle and prostatic cell）In be converted into toxic forms（Dihydrotestosterone, DHT）,The toxic forms have damage to these cell types.
53. thyrotropic hormone（TSH）.TSH stimulates thyroid cell to absorb iodine.
54. thyroxine（T4）.Thyroxine is a kind of universal steroid hormone, adjusts metabolic rate and indicates suitableWhen thyroid function.The hydrogen peroxide as by-product is generated from iodine synthetic thyroid element.Those are high by thyroid functionInto individual have shown that accelerate aging sign.
55. aluminium.The accumulation of aluminium is associated with by force with the morbidity of Alzheimer's disease in brain.This is considered as the effect of disease,Rather than reason.
56. antimony.Antimony is a kind of toxin, and without known human needs.
57. arsenic.Arsenic is a kind of well known poison for inhibiting breathing.
58. cadmium.Cadmium is a kind of well known toxin, is similar to mercury, and without known human needs.
59. calcium.Calcium helps Apoptosis, blood clotting and nerve signal transmission.Known low serum amount causes osteoporosisDisease, the growth of bone and tooth and maintenance are bad.
60 chromium.Industrial chrome is very toxic prooxidant.A small amount of Cr+3For adjusting blood glucose level function and sugar it is resistance toIt is required in amount protein.
61. cobalt.Cobalt is the ingredient of vitamin B12.It may be toxic when being in high level.
62. bronze medal.Known unbonded copper is that even more have reactive prooxidant than iron, especially there is strong reductionAgent（Such as ascorbic acid or homocysteine）In the case of.The high level of copper can cause oxidative damage.CuZn- superoxides discriminationsChange enzyme and ceruloplasmin needs on a small quantity.
63. iodine.Iodine is that synthetic thyroid hormone thyroxine is required, and the hydrogen peroxide that is synthetically produced is as by-productObject.Iodine is halogen（Such as fluorine and chlorine）, and radical-forming agent can be readily served as.A large amount of iodine may be very toxic.
64. iron.Unbonded iron can be by being catalyzed from hydrogen peroxide and strong reductant（Such as ascorbic acid and high half Guang ammoniaAcid）Generation has reactive hydroxyl and serves as prooxidant very much.High ferro（Excess load）It is associated with following items：Largely certainlyDamaged by base and developed most of age-related diseases（Such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer）High risk.
65. lead.Lead is a kind of well known neurotoxin, does not have known human needs.
66. magnesium.Magnesium synthesizes RNA/DNA, protein synthesis, ADP is synthesized and contraction of muscle is necessary.Due to its toolThere is+2 fixation exoelectron chemical valence, so it can inhibit many iron-baseds free by the way that iron is shifted from its binding siteBase reaction of formation.Magnesium has been demonstrated to help to prevent heart disease.
67. manganese.Known unbonded manganese is strong prooxidant, especially there are strong reductants（Such as ascorbic acid or heightCysteine）In the case of.It is in toxic when high level.Manganese superoxide dismutase needs a small amount of.
68. mercury.Mercury is a kind of well known neurotoxin, does not have known human needs.
69. molybdenum.Molybdenum is converted in uric acid xanthine required for xanthine oxidase.Also in aldehyde oxidase and sulfurousIn hydrochlorate oxidizing ferment molybdenum is needed in these toxic compounds being oxidized to the lower product of reactivity.Oxidizing ferment generates peroxidatingBy-product of the hydrogen as its reaction.
70 nickel.Known unbonded nickel is strong prooxidant and is in toxic when high level.Red blood cell and liver functionIt needs a small amount of.
71. selenium.Known unbonded selenium is the prooxidant for having similar chemical valence with oxygen.It is toxic in high level.Glutathione peroxidase needs a small amount of.
72 sulphur.Sulphur is essential for protein structure and enzymatic activity；It is also required to sulphur in the reaction of many toxin expellings, andAnd sulphur can reduce the risk of people's developing cancer.
73. strontium.Known strontium inhibits vitamin d synthesis；Therefore it may be osteoporosis and bone in the children developedOne important risk factor of deformity.
74. tin.Tin is that appropriate metabolism and the growth of bone and tooth are required.
75. vanadium.Vanadium participates in lipid-metabolism.Lack vanadium to have been demonstrated to increase cholesterol levels（High dose does not drop cholesterolIt is low to cross its normal set point）.Ability of the current research assessment vanadium in terms of killing cancer cell.Vanadium may when being in high levelIt is toxic.
76. zinc.Zinc is necessary to metabolism, RNA polymerase and CuZn superoxide dismutases.Because it consolidates with+2Exoelectron chemical valence is determined, so it can inhibit many iron-based radical reactions by the way that iron is shifted from its binding site.Zinc may be toxic when being in high level.
Almost all of biomarker（They are directly determined from test sample）It is preferred that by establishing most accurately, recentlyBiochemical measurement is measured using complicated, self-reacting device.
After selecting multiple body sample tests from the test of possible body sample, user is calculated by mobile/handheldDevice is transmitted to the selection to the test of one or more body samples associated with unique identification code in networkThe server of position and/or the database being transmitted at analytic unit.
The data sent by mobile/handheld computing device may include authentication information, which identifies specific userAnd/or the mobile/handheld computing device of pet/animal and user.The authentication information may include user credential, such as withName in an account book, password, e-mail address and the answer to safety issue, data access authority/limitation, mobile/handheld calculate dressThe geographical location set and the information for uniquely identifying mobile/handheld computing device such as telephone number or are given birth to by user profilesAt hash.
It may require user's service of logging on to of mobile/handheld computing device before any information is provided, and can be withProvide a user the explanation how and why their data are currently being used.It is also possible to provide a user following chance：Temporarily or permanently stop participating at any time.By requiring user to select to be added and logging in the service, this can also reduce examinationFigure sends the third-party quantity of spam to the system.
Preferably, mobile/handheld computing device is smart phone or tablet computer.In such embodiments, uniquelyThe machine-readable representation of authentication code uses quick response（QR）Code or other matrixes（Two dimension）The form of bar code, this is otherMatrix（Two dimension）Bar code can be by scanner（Such as by be programmed to identification and processing array bar code mobile phone or otherThe camera of mobile computing device）It reads.In alternative embodiments, the machine-readable representation use of coding information can be by mobile electricityTalk about or be programmed to the radio frequency identification that the radio frequency interface for the other mobile computing devices for identifying and handling RFID is read（RFID）'sForm.
Body sample can be by being used for body sample（Such as urine and blood）The device that is sampled obtains, and can be withIt is positioned in the container for preserving body sample.In one or more embodiments, the container is configured to bodySample is sampled.
Second aspect is related to a kind of system for obtaining test result from body sample, including：
Container is suitable for preserving body sample, and the container includes unique identification code；
Mobile/handheld computing device, including first identifier code reader；
Second identifier code reader；With
Component is analyzed, is configured as executing the one or more test to body sample；
Wherein, the mobile/handheld computing device is configured as the server from network site and/or fetches number from databaseAccording to the data include body sample associated with unique identification code（It is one or more）Test result.
In one or more embodiments, mobile/handheld computing device is configured as selectively fetching and unique markThe associated data of code, the unique identification code had previously utilized the first identifier of the mobile/handheld computing deviceCode reader identifies.
In one or more embodiments, mobile/handheld computing device is configured to respond to user's input（Such as propertyNot, age, weight etc.）And recommend one or more body sample tests from multiple possible body sample tests.
In one or more embodiments, mobile/handheld computing device is configured to respond to form from by following itemsGroup selection user input：Chronic conditions, family's genetic disease, age, nationality, ethnicity, gender, height, weight, bodyBody mass index（BMI）, body volume index（BVI）, genotype, phenotype, disease, disease severity, progression of disease rate,Measurement, quality of life, intervention and the remedial measure of Functional Capability, and recommend one from the multiple possible body sample testOr multiple body sample tests.
In one or more embodiments, mobile/handheld computing device is configured as one or more body samples to surveyThe selection of user's selection of examination sends the database at server and/or analytic unit at network site, user's choosing toSelect selection with from suitable for preservation the unique identification code of container of body sample it is associated.
The analysis component can be any kind of component that test can be executed to body sample, as experimenterAuxiliary or as fully automatic system.
In one or more embodiments, the analysis component is configured as test result and body from body sampleBody sample, which is stored in the unique identification code on container therein, to be associated, and stores it in the clothes at network siteIt is engaged on device and/or stores on the database.Alternatively, experimenter will protect the test result of body sample and body sampleIt is associated to be stored in the unique identification code on container therein, and store it on the server at network site and/Or storage is on the database.
Second identifier code reader is used to the test result from body sample being stored in wherein with body sampleContainer on the unique identification code it is associated during.In certain embodiments, it can be the whole of analysis componentClose part.
Container suitable for preserving body sample can have any suitable shape or size, and can be by being suitable for depositingAny material of storage body sample is made.Preferably, the material that container is transported by that can bear mail service（Such as rigid polymericObject material）It is made.Preferably, the container is suitable for preserving the small size for medicine test（1-50ml）Body sample.It needsIt is well known to want the medicine of such as urine and blood of small size to test.
In one or more embodiments, the container further includes for the device from skin sampling blood.In some realitiesIt applies in example, for being the integrated part of container from the device of skin sampling blood.
In one or more embodiments, for including from the device of skin sampling blood：
（a）Fluid conducts plate unit, has an one or more openings for the skin for leaning against patient, and one or more lancets can be withAcross the opening to puncture skin to lead to puncture wound, the plate unit has comes from puncture wound respectively for conductionFluid channel；With
（b）One or more lancets are located in plate unit associated there nearby for being opened across one or more ofMouthful to puncture skin when being pressed into skin；
The wherein described plate unit includes the first passage for the first part of fluid to be conducted away and for conducting fluidThe second channel of two parts.
Merging fluid conduction unit and in the case of lancet, only by by the unit put on the skin with push byButton, blood can be sampled easily, and be transferred to desired position.In a preferred embodiment, by using two or moreMultiple channels, one of channel conductance are walked to include the fluid of the more initial fluid from puncture wound, more be represented intravascularThe blood sample of blood can be delivered to storage location.In addition, the puncture dress of this ability with selection suitable blood partCompact, convenient plate-shaped unit can be manufactured by setting, it can be easily inserted into container.In addition, multiple lancingsNeedle can be disposed such that the distance between at least two lancets are in a limitation so that when actually more than one thornPatient only perceives single puncture when blood pin puncture skin.
Human blood may need the quick separating of cellular blood component, to obtain serum or blood plasma, and therefore avoid sampleThis degradation.Dry blood filter solves the problems, such as this.
In one or more embodiments, container further includes dry blood filter.
In one or more embodiments, dry blood filter includes by antioxidant, coagulant, disinfectant, detergentAt least one of the group formed with inhibitor substance.Hinder to these substance advantageous the degradation or change of sample.In addition, additionDisinfectant allows the dry blood speckles that the material spot originating from latent infection is transported by surface mail service to filter paper.It is thisDisinfectant may include but be not limited to：Phenol and its derivatives, such as thymol, adjacent polyphenol；Cationic compound, as benzene pricks chlorineAmmonium, Chlorhexidine；Aldehyde, as formaldehyde or other；And alcohol, such as normal propyl alcohol.
Desired haemocyte and blood separation to avoid intracellular compound from cracking or be damaged and not completelyUnder the cell release conditions of haemolysis, filter according to the present invention includes that there is the micropore of unequal pore size to be used for from bloodStarch washed corpuscles.Due to its larger diameter, haemocyte shows different permeability compared with blood plasma.
Simple solution for this problem is to use different types of filter paper and film, the filter paper and the impermeable blood of filmCell is to cause the separation of the cell and blood plasma by chromatography, filtering or capillary force.For example, being in dry blood filtrationThe permeable haemocyte of filter spot at device center and the impermeable haemocyte of surrounding paper.
Permitted with globulicidal material impregnation filter paper and other use without cracking using quick solidification/condensation is causedPerhaps the simple color indicator for identifying the filter paper region on the outside of blood clotting later, only has acellular blood in the filter paper regionLiquid（Plasma/serum）" diffusion ".In this way, the filter paper region only impregnated by cell-free plasma can easily produce and knowNot.
In one or more embodiments, the container is configured for from skin sampling blood.
In one or more embodiments, the container includes base portion and lid, the lid engage the base portion and with it is describedBase portion coordinates to limit shell, and the shell is configured in the state of closing or opening；
Wherein, the lid includes the first and second usually opposite surface sides, and the wherein described second surface side is in closed formTowards the base portion in state.
In one or more embodiments, unique identification code is positioned in the second surface side of the lid and/or in baseThe surface side of the direction shell in portion.This is in order to when container has been loaded body sample and is therefore in closed stateHide the unique identification code.
In one or more embodiments, container further comprises tampered display lock（tamper evident lock）.
In one or more embodiments, container further comprises that tampered display lock, tampered display lock include：
Lock body accommodates key lock, and the key lock includes keyhole；
Component on lock body, for permanent retention for preventing from accessing the effective sealing element of the keyhole；With
Only can be by being destroyed the sealing element to be removed from the holding member, the destruction of the sealing element is for displayIt is tampered effective.
In one or more embodiments, container further includes wanting the body sample in physical access container that must destroy（ExampleSuch as removal is bent or fractures）Sealing element.
The third aspect is related to a kind of mobile/handheld computing device, including first identifier code reader；
Wherein, the mobile/handheld computing device is configured as the server from network site and/or fetches number from databaseAccording to the data include body sample associated with unique identification code（It is one or more）Test result.
In one or more embodiments, mobile/handheld computing device is configured as selectively fetching and unique markThe associated data of code, the unique identification code had previously utilized the first identifier of the mobile/handheld computing deviceCode reader is identified.
In one or more embodiments, mobile/handheld computing device be configured to the unique identification code with it is moreA possible body sample test is associated.
Fourth aspect is related to a kind of container being suitable for preserving body sample, and the container includes base portion and lid, and the lid connectsIt closes the base portion and coordinates to limit shell with the base portion, the shell is configured in the state of closing or opening；
Wherein, the lid includes the first and second usually opposite surface sides, and the wherein described second surface side is in closed formTowards the base portion in state；
The wherein described unique identification code be positioned in the second surface side of the lid and/or be located in base portion towards shellSurface side.
It should be pointed out that the embodiment and feature described in context in one aspect of the invention are also applied for thisOther aspects of invention.