CN108310615B - A light-induced microneedle transdermal drug delivery device - Google Patents
A light-induced microneedle transdermal drug delivery deviceDownload PDFInfo
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- CN108310615B CN108310615BCN201711474319.8ACN201711474319ACN108310615BCN 108310615 BCN108310615 BCN 108310615BCN 201711474319 ACN201711474319 ACN 201711474319ACN 108310615 BCN108310615 BCN 108310615B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M2037/0007—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin having means for enhancing the permeation of substances through the epidermis, e.g. using suction or depression, electric or magnetic fields, sound waves or chemical agents
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0023—Drug applicators using microneedles
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0061—Methods for using microneedles
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- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of transdermal drug delivery, and particularly relates to a photoinduction microneedle transdermal drug delivery device.
Background
Transdermal administration refers to a mode of administration in which the drug is delivered to the skin surface at or near a constant rate through the various layers of the skin into the systemic circulation to produce a systemic or local therapeutic effect. With the development of modern medical science and technology, people put forward higher requirements on the aspects of accurate drug delivery and convenience, tolerance and the like of drug delivery modes, so that transdermal drug delivery becomes a research hotspot of a new generation of pharmaceutical preparations. However, most transdermal preparations have low permeability due to the barrier effect of the skin, and the drugs that have been successfully used are limited to high lipid-soluble non-electrolyte drugs of small molecular weight.
In order to overcome this obstacle, in recent years, researchers have developed a number of new technologies in succession; the micro-invasive transdermal drug delivery system-micro needle combining the advantages of double drug release of subcutaneous injection and transdermal patch has the advantages that the micro-needle is thin and sharp, the general puncture depth is only in the stratum corneum and does not contact the nerve endings, the sharpness greatly reduces the probability that the needle point contacts the nerve endings, reduces the damage degree to corresponding accessory tissues of the body, and shows wide development prospect. The micro-needle transdermal patch can increase the permeability of the medicine, particularly, the transdermal permeability of macromolecular medicines (such as polypeptide, protein, vaccine and the like) can be obviously improved, so that the transdermal patch can achieve the treatment effect.
It is known that ions, molecules or cells in the blood of a human body are controlled within a normal level range to maintain the normal operation of the function. For example, the concentration of blood sugar in a human body in a fasting state is in a range of 80-120 mg/dL, and the blood sugar level of the human body in one day is always changed due to differences in diet and activity levels. Another extreme response, hypoglycemia, where the blood glucose concentration of the body is continuously below 60mg/dL, may be caused if hypoglycemic drugs are rapidly released into the body, which may cause damage to the nervous system and other complications in severe and long-term hypoglycemia. The problem of too fast administration can be well solved by adopting a microneedle transdermal administration mode, but the existing microneedle transdermal administration mode is only limited to artificial administration and stopping administration, completely depends on subjective operation and subjective judgment of people, easily causes the problems of insufficient or excessive administration, uneven administration and the like, and cannot achieve good treatment effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages in the prior art, the present invention provides a light-induced microneedle transdermal delivery device, which can deliver or stop delivering drug according to the physiological index information of the human body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a light-induced microneedle transdermal drug delivery device comprises a substrate, a sensing module, a light-emitting module and light-sensitive microneedles; the sensing module is arranged on the base body and used for monitoring human body physiological index information; the light sensing micro-needle is detachably connected with the substrate or the sensing module; the light emitting module is arranged on one side of the light sensation microneedle and used for controlling the light sensation microneedle to release the medicine according to the human body physiological index information. The user instructs and controls the light-sensitive micro-needle to release the drug according to the human body physiological index information, so that the problem of drug administration error easily caused by artificial subjective judgment is solved; in addition, the drug administration is not needed manually, and the light-sensitive micro-needle is controlled by the light-emitting module to release the drug.
Preferably, the sensing module comprises one or more of a temperature sensor, a sodium ion sensor, a potassium ion sensor, a glucose sensor and a lactate sensor, and further comprises a reference electrode forming a circuit with the sensors. The accuracy of the human physiological indexes obtained by monitoring is ensured through the arrangement of the sensor.
Preferably, the sensing module is of a circular structure, and the sensors and the reference electrodes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the circular structure. The inner space of the circular ring structure is used for assembling other parts, so that the compactness of the device structure is improved.
As a preferred scheme, the transdermal drug delivery device further comprises a control module, the control module is connected with the light emitting module and the sensing module, and the control module receives the human body physiological index information monitored by the sensing module and controls the light emitting module to be turned on or turned off according to the human body physiological index information. The light sensation micro-needle is controlled to release the medicine or stop releasing the medicine by opening or closing the light emitting module, and the automation degree is high.
As a preferred scheme, the transdermal drug delivery device further comprises a storage module, the storage module is connected with the control module, and preset normal human physiological index information is stored in the storage module; the controlling the light emitting module to be turned on or off according to the human body physiological index information comprises the following steps: matching the human body physiological index information with preset human body normal physiological index information, and keeping or controlling the light-emitting module to be turned off if the human body physiological index information is matched with the preset human body normal physiological index information; and if the human body physiological index information is not matched with the preset human body normal physiological index information, controlling the light emitting module to be turned on. When the physiological indexes of the human body are abnormal, the light-emitting module can be controlled to be turned on in time to release the medicine; when the physiological index of the human body is converted from abnormal to normal, the light-emitting module can be controlled to be closed in time to stop releasing the medicine, so that the free switching of medicine administration and medicine administration stopping is realized.
Preferably, the transdermal drug delivery device further comprises a light shielding cover, and the light shielding cover covers the base body, so that the first sides of the control module, the light emitting module and the sensing module are positioned in the light shielding cover. And the shading cover is arranged and used for protecting the internal devices and protecting the light-sensitive micro-needle from being influenced by an external light source.
Preferably, the light-sensing microneedle comprises a base and a needle head, and the base is embedded into the second side of the sensing module so that the needle head is positioned at the outer side; the needle head is embedded with photothermal factors and medicines. The near infrared light induced thermal conversion factor in the light-sensitive micro-needle is triggered by light induction to generate heat and melt the needle body to release the medicine.
Preferably, the photothermal factor is a near-infrared photothermal factor; correspondingly, the light emitting module is a near infrared light source. The near infrared light source is adopted, so that the method is nondestructive and pollution-free.
Preferably, the transdermal drug delivery device further comprises a power supply module, and the power supply module is connected with the control module, the light emitting module and the sensing module to provide electric support. Need not external power module equipment, make transdermal drug delivery device's convenient to use.
Preferably, the power module is a button-type battery with a voltage of 6V.
As preferred scheme, the base member is bracelet formula dress structure. When the user uses the transdermal drug delivery device, the user only needs to wear the transdermal drug delivery device on the wrist, and the user experience is good.
As the preferred scheme, transparent quartz glass or organic glass is coated outside the near-infrared light source; the near infrared light source is protected.
Preferably, the near-infrared light source emits near-infrared light having a wavelength of 808 nm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the photoinduction microneedle transdermal drug delivery device can intelligently respond to various physiological index levels in vivo, can accelerate the release of drugs loaded on a microneedle body when the physiological index levels are higher than normal levels, and can slow down the release rate of the drugs when the physiological index levels are lower than the normal levels, so that a circulating system for sensing diagnosis and drug controlled release treatment is formed, high automation and intellectualization of drug supply are realized, and the photoinduction microneedle transdermal drug delivery device has bright application prospects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photoinduced microneedle transdermal delivery device according to a first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of the structure of a photoinduced microneedle transdermal delivery device according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of each sensor and reference electrode in the sensing module according to the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating separation of photosensitive microneedles in the photoinduction microneedle transdermal drug delivery device according to the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a photoinduced microneedle transdermal drug delivery device according to a first embodiment of the invention when the device is worn on a wrist.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by means of specific examples.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the light-induced microneedle transdermal drug delivery device of this embodiment includes a substrate 1, asensing module 2, a light-emitting module 3, a light-sensitive microneedle 4, acontrol module 5, apower module 6, and a light-shielding cover 7, where the substrate 1 is a bracelet-type wearing structure, and preferably, the substrate 1 is a watch-type bracelet structure and can be worn on the wrist; the material of the substrate 1 is a flexible material, preferably thermoplastic silicone rubber, and the thermoplastic silicone rubber is a thermoplastic silicone elastomer formed by vulcanizing silicone rubber particles on a thermoplastic substrate; the performances of the thermoplastic elastomer and the thermoplastic vulcanized rubber are expanded through the surface enrichment property and the hydrophobicity of the organic silicon, so that the thermoplastic elastomer and the thermoplastic vulcanized rubber have excellent high-temperature resistance, low stretchability and compressibility at high temperature and good wear resistance, hydrolysis resistance and chemical resistance; the material has good rebound resilience and is softer than common thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber TPU; the surface is not easy to adsorb dust, is not sticky, has good oil resistance and chemical resistance, and is not easy to pollute; the coating is relatively good, has excellent adhesion with a plurality of thermoplastic engineering plastics such as PC, PC/ABS, PA, PVC and the like, is convenient to form, and can be co-extruded, double-injection molded and secondary injection molded; and the wristband can be carved with abundant patterns and colored to obtain colorful wristbands.
Asensing module 2 with a circular ring structure is assembled at the position of a middle dial plate of the base body 1 and used for monitoring human body physiological index information; thesensing module 2 is of a circular ring-shaped structure, the outer diameter is 5cm, and the inner diameter is 4 cm; the device comprises atemperature sensor 24, asodium ion sensor 21, apotassium ion sensor 22, aglucose sensor 26 and alactic acid sensor 27 which are arranged close to the skin surface of a human body, and a reference electrode forming a loop with the sensors, and is used for detecting the composition of sweat on the skin so as to obtain human body physiological index information, such as the body surface temperature, the sodium ion concentration level, the lithium ion concentration level, the glucose concentration level and the lactic acid concentration level of the human body; specifically, as shown in fig. 3, a circuit including apotassium ion sensor 22, asodium ion sensor 21, and a silver/silver chloride electrode 23 detects the concentration level of salts in sweat, a circuit including aglucose sensor 26, alactic acid sensor 27, and a polyvinyl butyralPVB reference electrode 25 detects the glucose level and the lactic acid level in sweat, and atemperature sensor 24 is mounted to detect the body surface temperature; the sensors and the reference electrodes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the annular structure; through the arrangement of the sensor, the accuracy of the human physiological indexes obtained by monitoring is ensured, and a basis is provided for the controlled release of subsequent medicines.
Thesensing module 2 is connected with thecontrol module 5, and thesensing module 2 sends the sensed human body physiological index information to thecontrol module 5; specifically, the temperature sensor, the sodium ion sensor, the potassium ion sensor, the glucose sensor and the lactate sensor are all connected with thecontrol module 5, so as to send the physiological index information monitored by the sensors to thecontrol module 5.
Thelight sensation microneedle 4 comprises a base and a needle head, wherein the base is made into a circular patch shape by a high polymer material, and the high polymer material is one or more of gelatin, sodium alginate, hyaluronic acid, polycaprolactone and tridecanoic acid; the pinheads are distributed on the base in an array manner, are made of high polymer materials with lower glass transition temperature or lower melting point, and are embedded with near infrared light pyrogenic factors and medicines. The base is detachably embedded into the lower side of the inner periphery of thesensing module 2 in a circular ring structure so that the needle is positioned at the lowest side, and the needle is convenient to directly contact with the skin; the light sensation micro-needle can be replaced by a detachable connection mode. Wherein the photothermal factor is near infrared photothermal factor, preferably Prussian blue.
Alight emitting module 3 is arranged above thesensing module 2, thelight emitting module 3 is a near infrared light source, and the near infrared light source is nondestructive and pollution-free; the near-infrared light source emits near-infrared light with the wavelength of 808nm, and is used for triggering the photothermal factor Prussian blue to generate heat, so that the needle head is melted to release the medicine. In addition, a protective cover is arranged outside the near infrared light source, and the protective cover is made of transparent quartz glass or organic glass and used for protecting the near infrared light source; the protective cover abuts against the upper side of thesensing module 2 in the annular structure to limit the downward movement of the protective cover. Wherein, four near-infrared light sources are arranged in the protective cover.
Thecontrol module 5 is arranged above the light-emitting module 3, namely thecontrol module 5 is arranged above the protective cover, thecontrol module 5 is connected with the light-emitting module 3 and used for indicating and controlling the light-sensitive micro-needle to release the medicine according to the human physiological index information, and the problem of administration error easily caused by artificial subjective judgment is solved. Specifically, thecontrol module 5 analyzes the human body physiological index information and controls the light emitting module to be turned on or off according to the human body physiological index information, so as to control the light sensing micro-needle to release the drug or stop releasing the drug.
The photoinduction microneedle transdermal drug delivery device of this embodiment still includes storage module, and storage module is connected withcontrol module 5, and the storage module in-storage has the normal physiological index information of preset human body, such as human body surface temperature, sodium ion concentration level, lithium ion concentration level, glucose concentration level and lactic acid concentration level etc. as described above. Thecontrol module 5 controls the light emitting module to be turned on or off according to the human body physiological index information, and specifically comprises: matching the actually measured human body physiological index information with preset human body normal physiological index information, and if the actually measured human body physiological index information is matched with the preset human body normal physiological index information, closing the light-emitting module when the light-emitting module is in an open state; when the light emitting module is in a closed state, keeping the light emitting module closed; and if the human body physiological index information is not matched with the preset human body normal physiological index information, controlling the light emitting module to be turned on. When the physiological indexes of the human body are abnormal, the light-emitting module can be controlled to be turned on in time to release the medicine; when the physiological index of the human body is converted from abnormal to normal, the light-emitting module can be controlled to be closed in time to stop releasing the medicine, so that the free switching of medicine administration and medicine administration stopping is realized.
Thecontrol module 5 may be a circuit board on which a processor chip is mounted, and various processor chips are used to perform Logic operations and computations, for example, the processor chip may be a CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
Apower supply module 6 is arranged above thecontrol module 5, and thepower supply module 6 is connected with thecontrol module 5, the light-emitting module 3 and thesensing module 2 to provide electric power support; need not external power module equipment, make transdermal device of dosing's use more convenient. Specifically, thepower module 6 is a button-type battery with a voltage of 6V, and thepower module 6 is electrically connected to thecontrol module 5, thelight emitting module 3, and various sensors in thesensing module 2.
Theshading cover 7 is a cylindrical structure with openings at the upper end and the lower end, and the lower port of theshading cover 7 sequentially penetrates through thepower module 6, thecontrol module 5 and the light-emittingmodule 3 to the upper side of thesensing module 2 from top to bottom and is fixedly connected with the base body 1; the fixed connection mode is threaded connection or buckling connection; the upper port of theshading cover 7 is provided with a detachable cover body, when the cover body covers the upper port of theshading cover 7, thepower module 6, thecontrol module 5, the light-emittingmodule 3 and thesensing module 2 in theshading cover 7 are limited to move up and down, so that the structural compactness of the photoinduction microneedle transdermal drug delivery device is improved. Due to the arrangement of the shading cover, internal devices are protected, and the light-sensitive micro-needle is protected from being influenced by an external light source when in use. Wherein, the lid sets up to the removable change of being convenient for the battery.
The assembly process of the photoinduction microneedle transdermal delivery device of the present embodiment is as follows: assembling thesensing module 2 at the dial position of the base body 1; thelight emitting module 3 is opposite to thesensing module 2 and is abutted against thesensing module 2; thecontrol module 5 is placed above thelight emitting module 3; placing apower module 6 above thecontrol module 5, covering the module in ashading disc 7 from top to bottom after arranging corresponding circuit connection, fixedly connecting a shading cover with a base body, and covering a cover body on an upper port of the shading cover; finally, thelight sensing micro-needle 4 is embedded into the inner periphery of thesensing module 2 so as to fix thelight sensing micro-needle 4; when a user uses the light-induced microneedle transdermal drug delivery device, the device can be worn like a watch, and the use is convenient. The assembling sequence of thelight sensing micro-needle 4 is not limited specifically, and the light sensing micro-needle can be installed after the assembly of thesensing module 2.
The photoinduction microneedle transdermal drug delivery device combines a microneedle drug delivery technology, a light-operated release drug technology and a micro-nano electronic sensing technology, realizes the drug loading of intelligent light-operated release microneedles, and overcomes a series of related problems; on one hand, the advantages of the drug pump (variable drug release) are maintained, the complex pipeline connection between the drug pump and the patient is eliminated, and multiple physical, mental and economic pressures caused by chemotherapy and traditional subcutaneous frequent injection to the patient can be avoided; on the other hand, the light-operated drug release can effectively regulate and control the release rate of the drug, and avoid the too fast or too slow release of the drug, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of the light-operated drug release; and the micro-electronic sensing technology is also utilized to continuously monitor the change of various indexes in the body in real time, regulate the release of the medicine and finally realize the aim of intelligent administration. The light-induced microneedle transdermal delivery device can create a more comfortable and easily-accepted treatment mode for treating chronic diseases.
In a specific application example, sweat on the surface of the skin is detected through the sensor, so that the blood sugar level is estimated, and when the blood sugar is higher than the normal concentration, the control module irradiates the light sensing micro-needle with near infrared light to melt the needle head of the light sensing micro-needle and release the loaded medicine; when the release of the drug is controlled and the blood sugar level is restored to the normal concentration, the control module controls the light source to be turned off, so that the light sensation micro-needle gradually stops melting and the release of the drug is stopped. The drug is specifically administered or stopped according to the actual physiological condition, and the intelligent control of the drug release is realized.
As a preferred embodiment, the light-induced microneedle transdermal delivery device of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the light sensation microneedle is detachably connected with the sensing module and is changed into a light sensation microneedle which is detachably connected with the base body, so that the structural diversification of the light induction microneedle transdermal drug delivery device is realized. Other structures refer to embodiment one.
As a preferred embodiment, the light-induced microneedle transdermal delivery device of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: be equipped with the bond line between light-emitting module and the sensing module, be equipped with the bond line between control module and the light-emitting module, be equipped with the bond line between power module and the control module, improve photoinduction micropin transdermal drug delivery device overall structure's stability. Other structures refer to embodiment one.
As a preferred embodiment, the light-induced microneedle transdermal delivery device of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the photoinduction microneedle transdermal drug delivery device also comprises a display module, wherein the display module is connected with the control module and used for displaying various physiological index information monitored in real time so that a user can visually know the physiological condition of the user. Other structures refer to embodiment one.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the preferred embodiments and principles of the present invention and it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may devise variations of the present invention that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A light-induced microneedle transdermal drug delivery device is characterized by comprising a substrate, a sensing module, a light-emitting module and a light-sensitive microneedle; the sensing module is arranged on the base body and used for monitoring human body physiological index information; the light sensing micro-needle is detachably connected with the substrate or the sensing module; the light-emitting module is arranged on one side of the light-sensitive microneedle and is used for controlling the light-sensitive microneedle to release the medicine according to the human body physiological index information; the base body is of a watch-type wrist strap structure, and a sensing module is arranged at the middle dial plate of the base body;
the sensing module comprises one or more of a temperature sensor, a sodium ion sensor, a potassium ion sensor, a glucose sensor and a lactic acid sensor, and also comprises a reference electrode forming a loop with the sensors;
the sensing module is of a circular structure, and the sensors and the reference electrodes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the circular structure;
the transdermal drug delivery device also comprises a shading cover, wherein the shading cover covers the matrix so that the first sides of the control module, the light-emitting module and the sensing module are positioned in the shading cover;
the light sensing micro-needle comprises a base and a needle head, and the base is embedded into the second side of the sensing module so that the needle head is positioned at the outer side; the needle head is embedded with photo-thermal factors and medicines;
the transdermal drug delivery device further comprises a control module, the control module is connected with the light-emitting module and the sensing module, receives the human body physiological index information monitored by the sensing module, and controls the light-emitting module to be turned on or turned off according to the human body physiological index information.
2. The photoinduction microneedle transdermal delivery device according to claim 1, further comprising a storage module, wherein the storage module is connected with the control module, and the storage module stores preset normal physiological index information of human body; the controlling the light emitting module to be turned on or off according to the human body physiological index information comprises the following steps: matching the human body physiological index information with preset human body normal physiological index information, and keeping or controlling the light-emitting module to be turned off if the human body physiological index information is matched with the preset human body normal physiological index information; and if the human body physiological index information is not matched with the preset human body normal physiological index information, controlling the light emitting module to be turned on.
3. The photoinduced microneedle transdermal delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the photothermal factor is a near infrared photothermal factor; correspondingly, the light emitting module is a near infrared light source.
4. The photoinduction microneedle transdermal delivery device according to claim 1, further comprising a power module, wherein the power module is connected with the control module, the light emitting module and the sensing module to provide electric support.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024023508A1 (en)* | 2022-07-27 | 2024-02-01 | Warwick Emily Shae | A wearable transdermal-drug-delivery-patch housing assembly |
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