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CN108303576A - The method of fast automatic examination and positioning stealing and wrong wiring of electric energy meter - Google Patents

The method of fast automatic examination and positioning stealing and wrong wiring of electric energy meter
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CN108303576A
CN108303576ACN201810088495.6ACN201810088495ACN108303576ACN 108303576 ACN108303576 ACN 108303576ACN 201810088495 ACN201810088495 ACN 201810088495ACN 108303576 ACN108303576 ACN 108303576A
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electric energy
energy meter
electrical equipment
power
stealing
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闫福录
韩海安
韩霞
曹琼
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Measurement Centre Of Guo Wang Shanxi Province Utilities Electric Co
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及被窃电电能表和错接线电能表的甄别方法,具体为被窃电电能表和错接线电能表的快速甄别方法。解决被窃电电能表和错接线电能表不能及时被发现的问题。该方法是由如下步骤实现的:1)采集或获取正常计量情况下有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗、谐波分量的变化量,并存储到安装在现场的电能表的功能模块中;2)连续实时测量计量的有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗、谐波分量的变化量;当某一变化量数值大于阈值时进行带时标存储;3)将步骤2)得到的带时标存储的变化量与步骤1)事先存入的相应变化量进行比对,当比对后的值高于或低于设定阈值时,认定该安装在现场的电能表为被窃电电能表或错接线电能表。The invention relates to a screening method for a stolen electric energy meter and a miswired electric energy meter, in particular to a rapid screening method for a stolen electric energy meter and a wrongly wired electric energy meter. Solve the problem that the stolen electric energy meter and the miswired electric energy meter cannot be discovered in time. The method is realized by the following steps: 1) Collect or obtain the variation of active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance, and harmonic component under normal metering conditions, and store them in the function module of the electric energy meter installed on site Medium; 2) Continuous real-time measurement of the metered active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance, and harmonic component changes; when a certain change value is greater than the threshold value, it will be stored with a time stamp; 3) Step 2) The obtained change amount stored with time stamp is compared with the corresponding change amount stored in step 1) in advance. When the compared value is higher or lower than the set threshold, the electric energy meter installed on site is determined to be Stealing electric energy meters or miswiring electric energy meters.

Description

Translated fromChinese
快速自动甄别与定位窃电和电能表错接线的方法A method for quickly and automatically identifying and locating electricity theft and miswiring of electric energy meters

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及供电/用电监测领域,具体为一种快速甄别窃电和电能表错误接线的方法,具有针对窃电和电能表错误接线具有自动甄别与快速定位的功能。The invention relates to the field of power supply/power consumption monitoring, in particular to a method for quickly identifying electricity theft and wrong wiring of electric energy meters, which has the functions of automatic identification and quick positioning for electricity theft and wrong wiring of electric energy meters.

背景技术Background technique

窃电行为发生往往会给供电企业和国家造成巨大损失。常见的窃电方式通过改变接入电能表的电流,电压,改变表计的结构和接线方式等。随着技术的发展,窃电的手段和技术水平也在不断提升,表现为高科技化,隐蔽性更强,反窃电查处工作难度越来越大。窃电往往是对电能表外部或内部电路的接线进行改动,达到少计电量,少缴电费或不缴电费的目的。传统情况下,线损异常,电量丢失,往往是在月底结算时才会体现出来。传统的防窃电手段相对比较落后,窃电行为发生后,不能在第一时间发现和查处,往往是在窃电行为持续了一段时间后才被发现,随着技术发展,许多窃电行为科技含量高,行为十分隐蔽,大多情况不能及时发现,反窃电成效不是十分明显。尽管处罚力度很大,仍有漏网之鱼,犯罪分子存在侥幸心理,窃电行为时有发生。Electricity theft often causes huge losses to power supply companies and the country. The common way of stealing electricity is by changing the current and voltage connected to the energy meter, changing the structure and wiring method of the meter, etc. With the development of technology, the means and technical level of stealing electricity are also constantly improving, which is manifested as high-tech, stronger concealment, and the difficulty of anti-stealing investigation and punishment is becoming more and more difficult. Stealing electricity is often to change the wiring of the external or internal circuit of the electric energy meter, so as to achieve the purpose of measuring less electricity, paying less or not paying electricity bills. Traditionally, abnormal line loss and power loss are often reflected at the end of the month. The traditional anti-stealing methods are relatively backward. After the stealing behavior occurs, it cannot be discovered and investigated at the first time. It is often discovered after the stealing behavior lasts for a period of time. The content is high, and the behavior is very covert. Most of the cases cannot be discovered in time, and the effect of anti-stealing is not very obvious. Although the penalties are severe, there are still fish that slip through the net. Criminals have a fluke mentality, and electricity theft occurs from time to time.

电能表错接线会造成计量错误,多记或少计电量,事后进行追补电量往往会引起用户不满,认为问题的责任出在供电公司一方,供电公司给自己增添了不必要的麻烦,容易产生抵触情绪,一般不会积极配合,进而产生不必要的经济纠纷,引起优质服务投诉,给供电企业的经济效益和社会形象造成不可估量的损失。从实际经验看,采用传统手段,电能表错误接线往往是在电能表带电实际运行一段时间后,形成一定的错误电量后,才可能会被发现出来。Wrong wiring of the energy meter will cause measurement errors, over-recording or under-measurement of electricity, and subsequent replenishment of electricity will often cause dissatisfaction among users. They think that the responsibility for the problem lies with the power supply company. The power supply company has added unnecessary troubles to itself and is prone to conflicts Emotions, generally do not cooperate actively, and then generate unnecessary economic disputes, cause high-quality service complaints, and cause immeasurable losses to the economic benefits and social image of power supply companies. From practical experience, using traditional means, the wrong wiring of the electric energy meter is often discovered after the actual operation of the electric energy meter for a period of time and a certain amount of wrong electricity is formed.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明解决现有窃电行为发生后不能及时发现和快速定位,电能表错误接线不能第一时间快速发现的问题,提供一种快速自动甄别和定位窃电与电能表错接线的方法,极大提高工作效率。The present invention solves the problem that the existing electric stealing behavior cannot be found and quickly located after the occurrence, and the wrong wiring of the electric energy meter cannot be quickly found at the first time, and provides a method for quickly and automatically identifying and locating electric stealing and wrong wiring of the electric energy meter, which is greatly improved. Improve work efficiency.

本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的:The present invention is realized by adopting the following technical solutions:

一种快速自动甄别与定位窃电或电能表错接线的方法,包括如下步骤:A method for quickly and automatically identifying and locating electricity theft or miswiring of electric energy meters, comprising the following steps:

(1)、采集主站以目标区域内用户或已知其他正常计量未实施窃电的用户的用电参数作为正常值采集的大数据来源,根据用户使用的不同用电设备类型,分别生成对应的该种用电设备类型具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型;(1) The main collection station uses the power consumption parameters of users in the target area or other users who are known to have normal metering and has not stolen electricity as the source of big data for normal value collection, and generates corresponding The electrical equipment benchmark model with normal electricity consumption characteristics for this type of electrical equipment;

采集主站以目标区域内用户或已知其他已实施窃电的用户的用电参数作为非正常值采集的大数据来源,根据用户使用的不同用电设备类型,分别生成对应的该种用电设备类型窃电或错误接线的典型特征模型;The acquisition master station uses the power consumption parameters of users in the target area or other users known to have stolen electricity as the source of big data for abnormal value collection, and generates the corresponding power consumption parameters according to the different types of power consumption equipment used by the users. Typical characteristic models of electrical theft or miswiring of equipment types;

其中,用电参数为有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗、谐波分量中的一个或者多个。Wherein, the power consumption parameter is one or more of active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance, and harmonic component.

(2)、采集主站向目标区域内本地用户电能表分类下发不同类型用电设备的具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型,以及窃电或错误接线的典型特征模型,并存储在现场电能表功能模块中。(2) The main collection station distributes to the electric energy meters of local users in the target area the benchmark models of electrical equipment with normal electrical consumption characteristics of different types of electrical equipment, as well as the typical characteristic models of power theft or wrong wiring, and store them in In the field electric energy meter function module.

(3)、在目标区域内本地用户电能表利用采集模块连续实时测量电能表计量的用电参数中的有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗、谐波分量中的一个或者多个的变化量;当变化量数值大于阈值时进行带时标存储。(3) In the target area, the local user electric energy meter uses the acquisition module to continuously measure in real time one or more of the active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance, and harmonic components in the electricity consumption parameters measured by the electric energy meter Variation; when the variation value is greater than the threshold, it will be stored with a time stamp.

(4)、在本地用户电能表中,将变化量连续实时与不同类型用电设备的具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型及窃电或错误接线的典型特征模型进行对比;(4) In the local user watt-hour meter, compare the variation in continuous real-time with the benchmark model of electrical equipment with normal power consumption characteristics of different types of electrical equipment and the typical characteristic model of electricity theft or wrong wiring;

若本地用户电能表采用的用电参数变化量位于不同类型用电设备的具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型的范围内,且位于错误接线的典型特征模型外,则判断该用户用电正常;If the variation of the power consumption parameters adopted by the local user electric energy meter is within the range of the reference model of electric equipment with normal power consumption characteristics of different types of electric equipment, and is outside the typical characteristic model of wrong wiring, then it is judged that the user's power consumption normal;

若本地用户电能表采用的用电参数变化量位于不同类型用电设备的具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型的范围外,或者位于错误接线的典型特征模型内,则判断该用户疑似用电非正常;则该电能表将采集到的用电参数变化量上传主站,供主站进一步分析,并丰富窃电或错误接线的典型特征库数据模型。If the variation of the electricity consumption parameters adopted by the local user electric energy meter is outside the scope of the reference model of electric equipment with normal electricity consumption characteristics of different types of electric equipment, or within the typical characteristic model of wrong wiring, then it is judged that the user is suspected of using electricity. If the electricity is abnormal; the energy meter will upload the collected changes in electricity consumption parameters to the main station for further analysis, and enrich the data model of the typical feature library of electricity theft or wrong wiring.

本发明方法原理如下:正常运行情况下,每个用户的所有用电设备不会在同一个时刻同时开启并且在同一个同时关闭(停电,停工除外)。每个用电设备投入运行,必然会在该用户总的用电潮流上,表现为总的有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗、谐波分量等用电参数单体或其运算组合出现阶跃性的变化。该变化量即由刚刚带电工作的设备引起。有功功率、无功功率、负荷阻抗、谐波分量等的变化量基本等于单个此种设备单独运行时的量值。The principle of the method of the present invention is as follows: under normal operating conditions, all electrical equipment of each user will not be turned on at the same time and turned off at the same time (except for power failure and shutdown). When each electrical equipment is put into operation, it will inevitably be expressed as the total active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance, harmonic component and other electrical parameter monomers or their operation combinations in the total electricity consumption trend of the user. There is a step change. The amount of change is caused by the equipment that has just been electrified. The variation of active power, reactive power, load impedance, harmonic component, etc. is basically equal to the value of a single device of this kind when it is running alone.

每一种用电设备的运行时消耗的有功功率和无功功率数值及其相对比值(功率因数)以及负载阻抗和产生的谐波分量都遵循一定的规律,其数值都在一定的合理区间范围内,如表现接近于额定功率的某个百分比,最小运行功率大于某个阈值(给阈值可以根据实际情况进行设定)。感性负荷阻抗的功率因数与容性负荷阻抗的功率因数有明显差别等。电能表正确计量时,测得的电气参数遵从上述规律。窃电行为一般比较隐秘,窃电者不会完全断开电流回路,还会使得电能表底码继续发生变化。窃电行为发生时,尽管窃电行为一般比较隐秘,窃电者不会完全断开电流回路,还会使得电能表底码继续发生变化。将不再遵循前述全部或部分规律,呈现异常特征,如主要参量:有功功率、无功功率等成比例下降等。例如,一个15W的电灯,在其点亮时,正常计量的电能表测得的有功功率增加值∆p为15W。若发生窃电行为,则电能表测得的有功功率变化值∆p往往就会小于或远小于15W。窃电发生时,该用户所有电器都会表现为有功功率偏低等特征。另外,接错线时会出现同样的特征。The values of active power and reactive power consumed by each type of electrical equipment during operation and their relative ratios (power factor), as well as load impedance and harmonic components generated follow certain rules, and their values are all within a certain reasonable range. If the performance is close to a certain percentage of the rated power, the minimum operating power is greater than a certain threshold (the threshold can be set according to the actual situation). The power factor of the inductive load impedance is significantly different from that of the capacitive load impedance. When the energy meter is measured correctly, the measured electrical parameters follow the above rules. Stealing electricity is generally relatively secretive, and the electricity stealing person will not completely disconnect the current loop, and will continue to change the bottom code of the electric energy meter. When stealing electricity occurs, although the electricity stealing behavior is generally relatively secretive, the electricity thief will not completely disconnect the current loop, and will continue to change the bottom code of the electric energy meter. It will no longer follow all or part of the above-mentioned laws, showing abnormal characteristics, such as the main parameters: active power, reactive power, etc. decrease proportionally. For example, when a 15W electric lamp is lit, the active power increase value∆p measured by the normal metering electric energy meter is 15W. If electricity stealing occurs, the active power change value∆p measured by the energy meter will often be less than or much less than 15W. When electricity theft occurs, all electrical appliances of the user will show characteristics such as low active power. Also, the same characteristic occurs when wiring is miswired.

所以,本发明方法正是利用了上述特征,采集或获取正常计量情况下安装在现场的电能表计量的有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗、谐波分量等用电参数中一种或多种的变化量,并存储到安装在现场的电能表的功能模块中;安装在现场的电能表能够连续实时测量计量本地某一用户的有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗或者谐波分量的变化量∆;当某一变化量数值大于阈值时进行带时标存储;在安装在现场的电能表内,将得到的带时标存储的变化量与事先存入的相应变化量(用电设备基准模型)进行比对,当比对后的值高于或低于模型范围时,即可初步疑似认定该安装在现场的电能表为被窃电电能表或错接线电能表;该被认定为被窃电电能表或错接线电能表向主站发出提示或报警信号;同时将生成的带时标存储的变化量参数上传主站,供主站进一步分析,丰富窃电或错误接线的典型特征库数据模型。这样,供电人员能够及时、快速知道具体是哪个电能表发出的信息,对疑似用户进行人工排查,进一步确定是否具有窃电行为,还是线路错接导致,及时制止。Therefore, the method of the present invention utilizes the above features to collect or obtain one of the power consumption parameters such as active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance, and harmonic components measured by the electric energy meter installed on the site under normal measurement conditions. or a variety of changes, and stored in the function module of the electric energy meter installed on site; the electric energy meter installed on site can continuously measure and measure the active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance or The change amount ∆ of the harmonic component; when a certain change value is greater than the threshold value, it is stored with a time stamp; in the electric energy meter installed on site, the obtained change amount stored with a time mark and the corresponding change amount stored in advance (Electrical equipment benchmark model) for comparison, when the compared value is higher or lower than the model range, it can be preliminarily suspected that the electric energy meter installed on the site is a stolen electric energy meter or a miswired electric energy meter; The electric energy meter identified as stolen electricity or miswired electric energy meter sends a prompt or alarm signal to the main station; at the same time, the generated change parameter with time stamp storage is uploaded to the main station for further analysis by the main station, enriching the electricity theft or error Typical feature library data model for wiring. In this way, the power supply personnel can promptly and quickly know which energy meter is sending the information, conduct manual investigation on suspected users, and further determine whether there is electricity theft or wrong connection of the line, and stop it in time.

本发明方法设计合理,新颖、独特,原理清晰,判断快速准确,可具体定位到某一用户的某一块电能表,反窃电和发现错误接线效率极高,具有很好的推广应用价值。The method of the invention is reasonable in design, novel and unique, clear in principle, fast and accurate in judgment, can specifically locate a certain electric energy meter of a certain user, has extremely high efficiency in anti-stealing electricity and finding wrong wiring, and has good popularization and application value.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面对本发明的具体实施例进行详细说明。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

一种快速自动甄别与定位窃电或电能表错接线的方法,包括如下步骤:A method for quickly and automatically identifying and locating electricity theft or miswiring of electric energy meters, comprising the following steps:

(1)、采集主站以目标区域内用户或已知其他正常计量未实施窃电的用户的用电参数作为正常值采集的大数据来源,根据用户使用的不同用电设备类型,分别生成对应的该种用电设备类型具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型。例如,对家用的不同用电设备(电器)进行分类,将100W以下电器定为低功率用电设备,500W-1000W电器定为中功率用电设备,高于1000 W电器定为高功率用电设备,这样可以生产三种类型的用电设备基准模型(也可以具有其他不同类型的分类),该基准模型也就是用电参数的变化量范围,也就是说,当某一用户接通一个高功率用电负载时,其用电参数中有功功率变化量∆会在一个合理的范围内。(1) The main collection station uses the power consumption parameters of users in the target area or other users who are known to have normal metering and has not stolen electricity as the source of big data for normal value collection, and generates corresponding This type of electrical equipment has a benchmark model of electrical equipment with normal electricity consumption characteristics. For example, to classify different household electrical appliances (electrical appliances), electrical appliances below 100W are defined as low-power electrical equipment, 500W-1000W electrical appliances are defined as medium-power electrical equipment, and electrical appliances higher than 1000W are defined as high-power electrical appliances equipment, so that three types of benchmark models of electrical equipment can be produced (and can also have other types of classification), the benchmark model is also the variation range of power parameters, that is, when a user connects to a high When the power is used by the load, the active power variation ∆ in the power consumption parameters will be within a reasonable range.

采集主站以目标区域内用户或已知其他已实施窃电的用户的历史用电参数作为非正常值采集的大数据来源,根据用户使用的不同用电设备类型,分别生成对应的该种用电设备类型窃电或错误接线的典型特征模型。The acquisition master station uses the historical power consumption parameters of users in the target area or other users who are known to have stolen electricity as the source of big data for abnormal value collection, and generates corresponding power consumption parameters according to the different types of power consumption equipment used by users. Typical characteristic models of electrical equipment types for tampering or miswiring.

其中,用电参数为有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗、谐波分量中的一个或者多个。一般对于家庭用户,采集用电参数中的有功功率和/或无功功率即可;对应工厂等商业用户,可以采集用电参数中的有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗、谐波分量中的一个或者多个。Wherein, the power consumption parameter is one or more of active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance, and harmonic component. Generally, for household users, it is sufficient to collect active power and/or reactive power in the electricity consumption parameters; for commercial users such as factories, it is possible to collect active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance, and harmonics in the electricity consumption parameters One or more of the components.

(2)、采集主站向目标区域内本地用户电能表分类下发不同类型用电设备的具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型,以及窃电或错误接线的典型特征模型,并存储在现场电能表功能模块中。(2) The main collection station distributes to the electric energy meters of local users in the target area the benchmark models of electrical equipment with normal electrical consumption characteristics of different types of electrical equipment, as well as the typical characteristic models of power theft or wrong wiring, and store them in In the field electric energy meter function module.

(3)、在目标区域内,本地用户电能表利用采集模块连续实时测量电能表计量的用电参数中的有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、负荷阻抗、谐波分量中的一个或者多个的变化量;当变化量数值大于阈值时进行带时标存储;阈值的设定电力人员根据实际情况进行设定,只要能够检测到用电参数的有效变化量即可,滤去无效的波动,例如,可以设定为用电设备基准模型范围的平均值或者1/2的平均值。(3) In the target area, the local user electric energy meter uses the acquisition module to continuously measure one or more of the active power, reactive power, power factor, load impedance, and harmonic components in the electricity consumption parameters measured by the electric energy meter in real time When the value of the change is greater than the threshold, it will be stored with a time stamp; the setting of the threshold will be set by the power personnel according to the actual situation, as long as the effective change of the power consumption parameter can be detected, and the invalid fluctuation will be filtered out. For example, it can be set as the average value or 1/2 average value of the reference model range of the electrical equipment.

(4)、在本地用户电能表中,将变化量连续实时与不同类型用电设备的具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型及窃电或错误接线的典型特征模型进行对比。(4) In the local user watt-hour meter, compare the variation in real time with the reference model of electrical equipment with normal electrical characteristics of different types of electrical equipment and the typical characteristic model of electricity theft or wrong wiring.

若本地用户电能表采用的用电参数变化量位于不同类型用电设备的具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型的范围内,且位于错误接线的典型特征模型外,则判断该用户用电正常。If the variation of the power consumption parameters adopted by the local user electric energy meter is within the range of the reference model of electric equipment with normal power consumption characteristics of different types of electric equipment, and is outside the typical characteristic model of wrong wiring, then it is judged that the user's power consumption normal.

若本地用户电能表采用的用电参数变化量位于不同类型用电设备的具有正常用电特征的用电设备基准模型的范围外,或者位于错误接线的典型特征模型内,则判断该用户疑似用电非正常;则该电能表将采集到的用电参数变化量上传主站,供主站进一步分析,并丰富窃电或错误接线的典型特征库数据模型。If the variation of the electricity consumption parameters adopted by the local user electric energy meter is outside the scope of the reference model of electric equipment with normal electricity consumption characteristics of different types of electric equipment, or within the typical characteristic model of wrong wiring, then it is judged that the user is suspected of using electricity. If the electricity is abnormal; the energy meter will upload the collected changes in electricity consumption parameters to the main station for further analysis, and enrich the data model of the typical feature library of electricity theft or wrong wiring.

应当指出,对于本技术领域的一般技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和应用,这些改进和应用也视为本发明的保护范围。It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and applications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and applications are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

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