技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种真三轴试验机，具体是一种模拟土体冻结及复杂应力条件下的真三轴冻土试验机。The invention relates to a true triaxial testing machine, in particular to a true triaxial frozen soil testing machine for simulating soil freezing and complex stress conditions.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会需求的不断增长，研究土体冻结的性质尤为重要。一方面中国具有广大的季节冻土和多年冻土区，在冻土区进行工程建设，就必须深入研究冻土的力学性质，以确保冻土地基上工程建筑物的稳定性；另一方面人类生产力的发展和科学技术的进步，地下铁路、地下隧道、越江越海隧道越来越多，人工冻结法施工崭露头角，变成地下工程主要手段之一，所以研究冻土性质刻不容缓。然而利用冻结法的工程往往困难程度高，工程造价昂贵。With the continuous growth of social needs, it is particularly important to study the nature of soil freezing. On the one hand, China has a vast area of seasonally frozen soil and permafrost. To carry out engineering construction in the frozen soil area, it is necessary to study the mechanical properties of the frozen soil in depth to ensure the stability of engineering buildings on the frozen soil foundation; on the other hand, human With the development of productivity and the advancement of science and technology, there are more and more underground railways, underground tunnels, and cross-river and sea-crossing tunnels. Artificial freezing construction has emerged and has become one of the main methods of underground engineering. Therefore, it is urgent to study the properties of frozen soil. However, projects using the freezing method are often difficult and expensive.
冻土即温度为0℃或低于0℃的土和岩石。冰作为胶结材料，将相邻土颗粒或岩块体胶结连接而结构体的强度增大，同时降低其透水性。相比于普通土体而言，由于温度等影响，冻土性质的研究更加困难，利用真三轴试验仪对冻土进行冻土力学规律的研究，更真实地接近冻土的真实应力状态。但是真三轴仪原理复杂，研制价格较为昂贵，冻土力学和土工测试技术发展水平的限制，所以冻土真三轴的研究还有很长的路。Frozen soil refers to soil and rock with a temperature of 0°C or lower. Ice is used as a cementing material to cement and connect adjacent soil particles or rock blocks to increase the strength of the structure and reduce its water permeability. Compared with ordinary soil, due to the influence of temperature, it is more difficult to study the properties of frozen soil. Using a true triaxial tester to study the mechanical laws of frozen soil is more realistically close to the true stress state of frozen soil. However, the principle of true triaxial instrument is complicated, the development price is relatively expensive, and the development level of frozen soil mechanics and geotechnical testing technology is limited, so there is still a long way to go for true triaxial research on frozen soil.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种可以模拟土体冻结及其复杂应力边界条件的真三轴冻土试验机。该微机控制真三轴冻土试验机，可以对现场冻土工程土体性质进行室内模拟研究，降低冻土工程的工程造价；可以更真实地接近冻土的真实应力状态，对冻土进行冻土力学规律的研究。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a true triaxial frozen soil testing machine capable of simulating soil freezing and its complex stress boundary conditions. The microcomputer-controlled true triaxial frozen soil testing machine can conduct indoor simulation research on the soil properties of frozen soil engineering on site, reduce the engineering cost of frozen soil engineering; it can more realistically approach the real stress state of frozen soil, and conduct frozen soil The study of the laws of soil mechanics.
本发明实现发明目的采用如下技术方案：The present invention realizes the purpose of the invention and adopts the following technical solutions:
一种微机控制真三轴冻土试验机，由整体加载框架、浮动加载框架Y、导轨、加长压杆、试样车移动装置、试样夹具、数据采集软件等组成，还包括控制系统、低温试验箱、控温柜。A microcomputer-controlled true three-axis frozen soil testing machine, which consists of an integral loading frame, a floating loading frame Y, a guide rail, an extended compression bar, a moving device for a sample car, a sample fixture, and data acquisition software, etc., and also includes a control system, low temperature Test chamber, temperature control cabinet.
作为优选，本发明提供的一种整体加载框架，而竖向加载系统和水平加载系统(X方向)同在该框架内，上下分别装有加载油缸，活塞上装有力传感器和压板，整体加载框架两个立柱分别装有加载油缸，活塞上装有力传感器和压板，可以实现Z向和X向力的监测和控制。As a preference, the present invention provides an integral loading frame, and the vertical loading system and the horizontal loading system (X direction) are in the same frame, and the upper and lower loading cylinders are respectively installed, and the force sensor and the pressure plate are installed on the piston. Each column is equipped with a loading cylinder, and the piston is equipped with a force sensor and a pressure plate, which can realize the monitoring and control of the Z-direction and X-direction force.
作为优选，本发明提供的一种浮动加载框架Y，由四柱、前压板、后两个压板、加载油缸、力传感器、压板等组成，浮动框架在导轨上移动通过小油缸拉动用手动盒来控制，可以实现Y向力的监测和控制。As a preference, a floating loading frame Y provided by the present invention is composed of four columns, a front pressure plate, two rear pressure plates, a loading oil cylinder, a force sensor, a pressure plate, etc. The floating frame moves on the guide rail and is controlled by a manual box pulled by a small oil cylinder , can realize the monitoring and control of Y-direction force.
作为优选，本发明提供的一种导轨，装置包含两组导轨，一组(内侧)导轨低温试验箱、低温试验箱控制柜在导轨上人为移动，装试样时低温箱推出加载框架，打开低温箱门，试验车推进低温箱，固定在中心位置，关上低温箱门，推入加载框架内；另一组(外侧)导轨浮动加载框架在导轨上移动，可以实现试验的易操作化，解放人力。As a preference, a guide rail provided by the present invention, the device includes two sets of guide rails, one set of (inner) guide rail low-temperature test chamber, and the low-temperature test chamber control cabinet are artificially moved on the guide rails, and the low-temperature chamber is pushed out of the loading frame when loading samples, and the low-temperature The box door, the test vehicle pushes the low temperature box, fixes it at the center, closes the low temperature box door, and pushes it into the loading frame; the other set of (outer) guide rail floating loading frame moves on the guide rail, which can realize the easy operation of the test and liberate manpower .
作为优选，本发明提供的一种加长压杆，用来加长低温箱上的压杆和Y方向油缸距离，做实验时用上面吊装油缸从浮动框架支撑框架内吊出转90度放在导轨上，做完实验后再吊起转90度落在框架内。As a preference, the present invention provides an extended pressure rod, which is used to lengthen the distance between the pressure rod on the cryogenic box and the oil cylinder in the Y direction. When doing experiments, use the upper hoisting oil cylinder to hang out from the floating frame support frame and turn it 90 degrees and place it on the guide rail. After finishing the experiment, lift it up and turn it 90 degrees to fall into the frame.
作为优选，本发明提供的一种试验车移动装置，由底板、调平螺钉、调平螺钉垫、直线导轨、试样夹具支架、试样夹具、方导轨组成，两个方形导轨通过调平螺钉与低温箱内的导轨调整到同一个水平位置，试样夹具装好后推倒试验箱内，再把两个方形导轨撤出，提高试验效率和节省人力。As a preference, a test vehicle moving device provided by the present invention is composed of a bottom plate, leveling screws, leveling screw pads, linear guide rails, sample fixture brackets, sample fixtures, and square guide rails. Two square guide rails pass through the leveling screws. Adjust to the same horizontal position as the guide rails in the low-temperature box. After the sample fixture is installed, push it down into the test box, and then withdraw the two square guide rails to improve test efficiency and save manpower.
作为优选，本发明提供的一种试样夹具，试样夹具由六块压板组成，每块压板上都有字头，按顺序连接用螺钉连接好后，装入框架内用框架上的螺钉将周边压板顶紧固定好，再把压板上的螺钉卸掉，把三个变形传感器装到合适的位置，再将四个水平加长柱用螺钉固定上，试验做完卸掉。该试样夹具可提供三种类型试样模具：100mm、150mm、200mm的立方体，提供试验试样加载平台，监测试样变形状态。As preferably, a kind of sample clamp that the present invention provides, sample clamp is made up of six pressing plates, and each pressing plate has prefix, after being connected with screw in order, put into frame and use the screw on the frame to fix The surrounding pressure plate is fastened and fixed, and then the screws on the pressure plate are removed, the three deformation sensors are installed in a suitable position, and the four horizontal extension columns are fixed with screws, and the test is completed and removed. The sample fixture can provide three types of sample molds: 100mm, 150mm, and 200mm cubes, provide a test sample loading platform, and monitor the deformation state of the sample.
作为优选，本发明提供的一种控制系统，由两个垂直Z向控制系统，2个水平X,Y伺服控制器及5个力值传感器，低温箱内3个变形传感器等组成，由传感器的显示，然后对系统进行控制并将数据传到计算机进行显示和处理，完成轴向的闭环控制，可以实现对三向应力加载、变形进行精确监测与控制，还可以对数据进行显示和处理。As a preference, a control system provided by the present invention is composed of two vertical Z-direction control systems, two horizontal X, Y servo controllers and five force sensors, three deformation sensors in the low-temperature box, etc. Display, and then control the system and transmit the data to the computer for display and processing, complete the axial closed-loop control, can realize the precise monitoring and control of three-dimensional stress loading and deformation, and can also display and process the data.
作为优选，本发明提供的一种低温试验箱、控温柜，低温试验箱、控温柜分别装在两个小车上，低温试验箱在浮动框架内，控温柜在浮动框架后端下面，两个小车用钢板连接在一起，装试样时向外移动浮动框架然后同时把低温试验箱、控温柜一起推出，温箱内导轨与移动试样车上导轨相对上，把移动车上的试样夹具推进温箱定位块装好后关上温箱门，浮动框架及低温箱、控温柜移到原位，可以为试验提供所需温度条件，提高试验精确性和可行性。As a preference, a low temperature test chamber and a temperature control cabinet provided by the present invention are respectively installed on two trolleys, the low temperature test chamber is in the floating frame, and the temperature control cabinet is below the rear end of the floating frame. The two trolleys are connected together with steel plates. When loading the samples, move the floating frame outwards and push out the low temperature test chamber and the temperature control cabinet at the same time. After the sample fixture is pushed into the incubator positioning block and installed, the incubator door is closed, and the floating frame, low temperature box, and temperature control cabinet are moved to their original positions, which can provide the required temperature conditions for the test and improve the accuracy and feasibility of the test.
作为优选，本发明提供的一种数据采集软件，能够实时显示试验曲线和试验结果，对试验全程进行监控并且可以处理数据，具有强大数据处理和采集能力。As a preference, the data collection software provided by the present invention can display test curves and test results in real time, monitor the whole process of the test and process data, and has powerful data processing and collection capabilities.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果体现在:The present invention compares with prior art, its beneficial effect is reflected in:
1、在实际进行冻结施工前，可以通过本发明在室内进行相似模拟试验，为实际施工提供设计参数和经验，为实际工程节约大量成本。1. Before actual freezing construction, similar simulation tests can be carried out indoors through the present invention, providing design parameters and experience for actual construction, and saving a lot of cost for actual engineering.
2、由于冻结法施工成本高和冻土存在区域的限制，所以科研人员想要对冻土土体力学性质的研究时，往往会受到多方面的限制，无法展开大量研究。本发明可以在较小成本下，对实际工程进行模拟，使研究人员的研究不会受到资金、时间、地点的限制，方便研究。2. Due to the high construction cost of the freezing method and the limitation of the area where frozen soil exists, researchers are often limited by many aspects when they want to study the mechanical properties of frozen soil and cannot carry out a large amount of research. The invention can simulate the actual project at relatively low cost, so that the research of researchers will not be limited by funds, time and place, and the research is convenient.
3、相比于普通土体而言，由于温度等影响，冻土性质的研究较为困难，利用真三轴试验仪对冻土进行冻土力学规律的研究，可以更真实地接近冻土的真实应力状态，对冻土力学性质的研究具有重要意义。3. Compared with ordinary soil, due to the influence of temperature, it is more difficult to study the properties of frozen soil. Using the true triaxial tester to study the mechanical laws of frozen soil can be more realistically close to the reality of frozen soil. Stress state is of great significance to the study of mechanical properties of frozen soil.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图，通过实例对本发明进一步地说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described by example.
图1是试验机示意图，如图所示，由低温试验箱、控温柜、进风道、回风道、Y向浮动加载框架、Z向上加载作动器、Z向加载装置下油缸、试样夹具装置、Y向加长杆起吊装置、Y向加长杆装置、Y向加载油缸、穿销、Y向加载框架拉动装置、X向加载油缸、整体加载框架(Z向、X向加载框架)连接而成。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the testing machine. As shown in the figure, it consists of a low-temperature test chamber, a temperature control cabinet, an air inlet duct, an air return duct, a floating loading frame in the Y direction, an upward loading actuator in the Z direction, a lower cylinder of the loading device in the Z direction, and a test chamber. Sample fixture device, Y-direction extension rod lifting device, Y-direction extension rod device, Y-direction loading cylinder, pin, Y-direction loading frame pulling device, X-direction loading cylinder, integral loading frame (Z-direction, X-direction loading frame) connection made.
图2是试样夹具示意图，如图所示，由X向变形传感器、Y向变形传感器、Z向轴向变形传感器、压板、加长柱、外框架、小车轮、小车体构成。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the sample fixture, as shown in the figure, it is composed of X-direction deformation sensor, Y-direction deformation sensor, Z-direction axial deformation sensor, pressure plate, extension column, outer frame, small wheels, and small car body.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施实例1Implementation Example 1
研究人工冻结土体在恒试验力真三轴试验下的力学规律。The mechanical law of artificially frozen soil under constant test force true triaxial test is studied.
第一步：物理模型设计Step 1: Physical Model Design
确定土壤类型，依照相似模型理论求得几何缩比、温度缩比、时间缩比等，测定土体基本参数、确定模型几何尺寸及其冻结温度。Determine the soil type, obtain the geometric reduction ratio, temperature reduction ratio, time reduction ratio, etc. according to the similarity model theory, measure the basic parameters of the soil, determine the geometric size of the model and its freezing temperature.
第二步：模型搭建The second step: model building
首先，按照试验设计，将土体制成预计大小的正方体，冻结48h。然后在48h后，在恒温箱内进行操作，将试样按照说明放入试样夹具，降低安装试样时温度对其影响，并依据试验机示意图和说明连接装置，包括加载控制系统、变形监测系统、伺服加压、计算机连接等。搭建完成，进行试验。First, according to the experimental design, the soil was made into a cube of the expected size and frozen for 48 hours. Then after 48 hours, operate in the incubator, put the sample into the sample fixture according to the instructions, reduce the influence of temperature when installing the sample, and connect the device according to the schematic diagram of the testing machine and the instructions, including the loading control system and deformation monitoring. system, servo pressurization, computer connection, etc. After the construction is completed, the test is carried out.
第三步：实验实施Step 3: Experiment Implementation
试验模拟搭建完成后，启动机器，用电脑软件对其进行控制，在实验过程中保持试验力不变，对试样各个物理量进行监测，当达到预期目的，停止试验。After the test simulation is completed, start the machine, control it with computer software, keep the test force constant during the experiment, monitor each physical quantity of the sample, and stop the test when the expected purpose is achieved.
第四步：实验数据处理及分析Step 4: Experimental data processing and analysis
实验结束后，将得到试验过程中，土体试样三个方向上的物理量。对实验结果进行图形及数据保存，研究变化规律。After the experiment, the physical quantities of the soil sample in three directions during the test will be obtained. Save the graphics and data of the experimental results, and study the changing rules.
实施实例2Implementation example 2
研究人工冻结土体在恒速率变形真三轴试验下的力学规律。The mechanical law of artificially frozen soil under constant rate deformation true triaxial test is studied.
第一步：物理模型设计Step 1: Physical Model Design
确定土壤类型，依照相似模型理论求得几何缩比、温度缩比、时间缩比等，测定土体基本参数、确定模型几何尺寸及其冻结温度。Determine the soil type, obtain the geometric reduction ratio, temperature reduction ratio, time reduction ratio, etc. according to the similarity model theory, measure the basic parameters of the soil, determine the geometric size of the model and its freezing temperature.
第二步：模型搭建The second step: model building
首先，按照试验设计，将土体制成预计大小的正方体，冻结48h。然后在48h后，在恒温箱内进行操作，将试样按照说明放入试样夹具，降低安装试样时温度对其影响，并依据试验机示意图和说明连接装置，包括加载控制系统、变形监测系统、伺服加压、计算机连接等。搭建完成，进行试验。First, according to the experimental design, the soil was made into a cube of the expected size and frozen for 48 hours. Then after 48 hours, operate in the incubator, put the sample into the sample fixture according to the instructions, reduce the influence of temperature when installing the sample, and connect the device according to the schematic diagram of the testing machine and the instructions, including the loading control system and deformation monitoring. system, servo pressurization, computer connection, etc. After the construction is completed, the test is carried out.
第三步：实验实施Step 3: Experiment Implementation
试验模拟搭建完成后，启动机器，用电脑软件对其进行控制，在实验过程中保持恒速率变形，对试样各个物理量进行监测，当达到预期目的，停止试验。After the test simulation is set up, start the machine, control it with computer software, maintain a constant rate of deformation during the experiment, monitor each physical quantity of the sample, and stop the test when the expected purpose is achieved.
第四步：实验数据处理及分析Step 4: Experimental data processing and analysis
实验结束后，将得到试验过程中，土体试样三个方向上的物理量。对实验结果进行图形及数据保存，研究变化规律。After the experiment, the physical quantities of the soil sample in three directions during the test will be obtained. Save the graphics and data of the experimental results, and study the changing rules.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810066376.0ACN108267360A (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | Microcomputer controls true triaxial frozen soil experiment machine |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810066376.0ACN108267360A (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | Microcomputer controls true triaxial frozen soil experiment machine |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108267360Atrue CN108267360A (en) | 2018-07-10 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810066376.0APendingCN108267360A (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | Microcomputer controls true triaxial frozen soil experiment machine |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108267360A (en) |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20180710 | |
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