技术领域technical field
本发明属于海上风力发电技术领域，具体涉及一种海上风电场并网输电系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of offshore wind power generation, and in particular relates to a grid-connected power transmission system of an offshore wind farm.
背景技术Background technique
VSC-HVDC技术由于其不存在换相失败问题，可为无源系统供电，能够独立调节有功功率和无功功率，谐波水平低，适合构成多端直流输电系统等技术优势，是当前国际公认的远距离、大容量海上风电并网的优选技术方案。Because VSC-HVDC technology does not have the problem of commutation failure, it can supply power for passive systems, can independently adjust active power and reactive power, has low harmonic levels, and is suitable for multi-terminal DC transmission systems. It is currently recognized internationally. The optimal technical solution for long-distance and large-capacity offshore wind power grid integration.
目前世界上采用直流输电的海上风电场均采用VSC-HVDC技术。但是，目前国内外海上风电经柔性直流送出的工程容量均不超过1GW，采用单条VSC-HVDC线路即可满足要求。当容量等级提升到GW级以上特别是千万千瓦级时，受直流海缆和开关器件等设备电压电流应力的限制，单条VSC-HVDC根本无法实现。At present, all offshore wind farms using direct current transmission in the world use VSC-HVDC technology. However, at present, the project capacity of domestic and foreign offshore wind power sent by flexible DC does not exceed 1GW, and a single VSC-HVDC line can meet the requirements. When the capacity level is increased to above the GW level, especially the 10 million kilowatt level, due to the limitation of the voltage and current stress of equipment such as DC submarine cables and switching devices, a single VSC-HVDC cannot be realized at all.
多端柔性直流输电系统通过高压直流输电线路对3个或3个以上的电压源型换流站进行联接，可以解决多电源供电或多落点受电的输电问题，为大规模海上风电场的并网带来更大的经济性和灵活性，是当前风电VSC并网的研究热点。但是，直流故障保护一直是限制多端柔性直流输电乃至柔性直流电网技术发展的关键问题。The multi-terminal flexible direct current transmission system connects three or more voltage source converter stations through high-voltage direct current transmission lines, which can solve the problem of multi-source power supply or multi-drop point power transmission, and provides a parallel solution for large-scale offshore wind farms. The grid brings greater economy and flexibility, which is the current research hotspot of wind power VSC grid connection. However, DC fault protection has always been a key issue that limits the development of multi-terminal flexible DC transmission and even flexible DC grid technology.
采用直流断路器和采用具有故障自清除能力的换流器实现直流故障隔离是当前研究的两个焦点。直流断路器技术是未来多端柔性直流输电系统最理想的故障隔离措施，但是，就目前而言尚无成熟的直流断路器产品，且其制造成本高昂。而采用具有故障自清除能力的换流器不仅大幅增加换流器成本，且在故障期间需闭锁全部换流站，在故障隔离前存在直流场完全停运的弊端，并不适用于大型海上风电基地接入场合。DC fault isolation using DC circuit breakers and converters with fault self-clearing capability are two focuses of current research. DC circuit breaker technology is the most ideal fault isolation measure for future multi-terminal flexible DC transmission systems. However, there is no mature DC circuit breaker product at present, and its manufacturing cost is high. The use of a converter with fault self-clearing capability not only greatly increases the cost of the converter, but also needs to block all converter stations during the fault period, and there is a disadvantage of complete shutdown of the DC field before the fault isolation, which is not suitable for large-scale offshore wind power. Base access occasions.
以上分析可以看出，当前尚无应对多端柔性直流输电系统直流故障的成熟可靠策略，因此，现阶段多端柔性直流输电技术在大规模风电接入场合的应用受到严重制约。From the above analysis, it can be seen that there is currently no mature and reliable strategy to deal with DC faults in MTFCVDC systems. Therefore, the application of MTFCVDC technology in large-scale wind power access occasions is severely restricted at this stage.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种海上风电场并网输电系统，用以解决采用直流断路器进行故障隔离时成本高、或使用具有故障自清除能力的换流器时造成的成本高且在故障时需闭锁全部换流站的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a grid-connected power transmission system for offshore wind farms, which is used to solve the high cost caused by using DC circuit breakers for fault isolation, or the high cost caused by using converters with fault self-clearing capabilities All converter stations need to be blocked.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案为：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the present invention is:
本发明提供了一种海上风电场并网输电系统，包括如下方案：The invention provides an offshore wind farm grid-connected power transmission system, including the following solutions:
方案一，包括海上交流断路器平台，所述海上交流断路器平台包括两条主母线，两条主母线之间连接有至少一组3/2交流断路器，每组3/2交流断路器包括三个串联的交流断路器和两条支路，一条支路用于连接对应的风电场，一条支路用于连接对应的海上换流站。Option 1 includes an offshore AC circuit breaker platform, the offshore AC circuit breaker platform includes two main buses, at least one group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers is connected between the two main buses, and each group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers includes Three series-connected AC circuit breakers and two branch circuits, one branch circuit is used to connect the corresponding wind farm, and one branch circuit is used to connect the corresponding offshore converter station.
方案二，在方案一的基础上，各组3/2交流断路器采用交叉接线方式。Option 2: On the basis of Option 1, each group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers adopts cross wiring.
方案三，在方案一的基础上，还包括与对应的海上换流站通过直流线路连接的陆上换流站。Scheme 3, on the basis of Scheme 1, also includes an onshore converter station connected to the corresponding offshore converter station through a DC line.
方案四，在方案一的基础上，各个海上换流站正、负极的交流出线网侧设置有对应的交流断路器。Option 4, on the basis of Option 1, each offshore converter station is equipped with a corresponding AC circuit breaker on the AC outlet network side of the positive and negative poles.
方案五，在方案三的基础上，各个海上换流站和各个陆上换流站的换流器均为半桥式MMC结构的VSC换流器。Scheme five, on the basis of scheme three, the converters of each offshore converter station and each onshore converter station are VSC converters with a half-bridge MMC structure.
方案六，在方案五的基础上，所述VSC换流器采用对称双极接线方式。Scheme six, on the basis of scheme five, the VSC converter adopts a symmetrical bipolar connection mode.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明的每个风电场通过对应的一组3/2交流断路器与对应的海上换流站相连，在当风电场和与之对应的3/2交流断路器之间的交流线路故障时，断开与该条交流线路相连的两个交流断路器；在海上换流站和与之对应的3/2交流断路器之间的交流线路故障时，断开与该条交流线路相连的两个交流断路器，从而实现故障隔离，保证剩余系统正常运行，提高了系统的灵活性和系统供电的可靠性。该系统能够避免多条VSC-HVDC直流侧并联时直流故障带来的控制复杂度增加，以及采用价格昂贵的直流断路器带来的故障处理成本高的问题，也避免了直流侧并网时直流故障难以隔离和处理的问题，能够在保证系统具有较高可靠性的同时，实现海上风电场群的功率优化调度，具有较好的经济性。Each wind farm of the present invention is connected to the corresponding offshore converter station through a corresponding group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers. When the AC line between the wind farm and the corresponding 3/2 AC circuit breakers fails, Disconnect the two AC circuit breakers connected to this AC line; when the AC line between the offshore converter station and the corresponding 3/2 AC circuit breaker fails, disconnect the two AC circuit breakers connected to this AC line AC circuit breakers, so as to achieve fault isolation, ensure the normal operation of the remaining systems, and improve the flexibility of the system and the reliability of the system power supply. The system can avoid the increase of control complexity caused by DC faults when multiple VSC-HVDC DC sides are connected in parallel, and the problem of high fault handling costs caused by expensive DC circuit breakers, and also avoids the problem of DC failure when the DC side is connected to the grid. Problems that are difficult to isolate and deal with faults can achieve optimal power dispatching of offshore wind farms while ensuring high reliability of the system, which is economical.
而且，各条VSC-HVDC线路可沿用现有换流器控制系统，对于换流器级和阀组级控制结构没有影响，大大缩短了开发周期。Moreover, each VSC-HVDC line can continue to use the existing converter control system, which has no impact on the control structure of the converter level and valve group level, greatly shortening the development cycle.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的海上风电场并网输电系统示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an offshore wind farm grid-connected power transmission system of the present invention;
图2是大容量MMC对称双极拓扑结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a large-capacity MMC symmetrical bipolar topology;
图3是单极MMC拓扑结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a unipolar MMC topology;
图4是第二风电场故障时系统结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the system structure when the second wind farm fails;
图5是海上交流断路器与第二VSC-HVDC线路海上换流站网侧之间交流线路故障时系统结构示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the system structure when the AC line between the offshore AC circuit breaker and the grid side of the second VSC-HVDC line offshore converter station fails;
图6是第二VSC-HVDC线路直流故障时系统结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the system structure when the DC fault of the second VSC-HVDC line occurs.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚，下面结合附图及实施例，对本发明作进一步的详细说明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明的海上风电场并网输电系统包括n个风电场、海上交流断路器平台、与各个风电场对应的海上换流站、以及与各个海上换流站对应的陆上换流站。As shown in Figure 1, the offshore wind farm grid-connected power transmission system of the present invention includes n wind farms, offshore AC circuit breaker platforms, offshore converter stations corresponding to each wind farm, and onshore converter stations corresponding to each offshore converter station. converter station.
每个风电场由若干个海上风电机组汇聚而成，每个风电场经高压交流海缆连接到海上断路器平台。Each wind farm is composed of several offshore wind turbines, and each wind farm is connected to the offshore circuit breaker platform through a high-voltage AC submarine cable.
海上交流断路器平台包括n组3/2交流断路器，每组3/2交流断路器由三个断路器串联组成，用于实现故障隔离。也就是说，每个风电场和与其对应的海上换流站之间的交流线路通过一组3/2交流断路器联接，而且，风电场和海上换流站的交流线路分别连接该组3/2交流断路器的中间交流断路器的两侧，从而组成3/2交流断路器接线的形式。The offshore AC circuit breaker platform includes n groups of 3/2 AC circuit breakers, and each group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers consists of three circuit breakers connected in series for fault isolation. That is to say, the AC line between each wind farm and its corresponding offshore converter station is connected through a set of 3/2 AC circuit breakers, and the AC lines of the wind farm and offshore converter station are respectively connected to the set of 3/2 The two sides of the AC circuit breaker in the middle of the 2 AC circuit breaker form a 3/2 AC circuit breaker wiring form.
各组3/2交流断路器采用双母线结构联接；各组断路器采用交叉接线方式，以提高系统可靠性。这里的交叉接线方式具体为：Each group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers is connected by a double busbar structure; each group of circuit breakers adopts cross wiring to improve system reliability. The cross-connection method here is specifically:
如图1所示，与第一风电场连接的为第一组3/2交流断路器，第一组3/2交流断路器从左至右分别为断路器11、断路器12、断路器13。则断路器11与断路器12之间的支路连接第一风电场，断路器12和断路器13之间的支路连接海上换流站。As shown in Figure 1, the first group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers is connected to the first wind farm, and the first group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers are respectively circuit breaker 11, circuit breaker 12, and circuit breaker 13 from left to right . Then the branch between the circuit breaker 11 and the circuit breaker 12 is connected to the first wind farm, and the branch between the circuit breaker 12 and the circuit breaker 13 is connected to the offshore converter station.
与第二风电场连接的为第二组3/2交流断路器，第二组3/2交流断路器从左至右分别为断路器21、断路器22、断路器23。则断路器22与断路器23之间的支路连接第二风电场，断路器22和断路器21之间的支路连接海上换流站。The second group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers is connected to the second wind farm, and the second group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers are respectively circuit breaker 21 , circuit breaker 22 and circuit breaker 23 from left to right. Then the branch between the circuit breaker 22 and the circuit breaker 23 is connected to the second wind farm, and the branch between the circuit breaker 22 and the circuit breaker 21 is connected to the offshore converter station.
相应的，与第三风电场连接的为第三组3/2交流断路器(在图中并未画出)，第三组3/2交流断路器的连接方式与第一组3/2交流断路器的相同，与第四风电场连接的为第四组3/2交流断路器(在图中并未画出)，第四组3/2交流断路器的连接方式与第二组3/2交流断路器的相同。以此类推。Correspondingly, the third group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers (not shown in the figure) is connected to the third wind farm, and the connection mode of the third group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers is the same as that of the first group of 3/2 AC The circuit breakers are the same, and the fourth group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers is connected to the fourth wind farm (not shown in the figure), and the connection method of the fourth group of 3/2 AC circuit breakers is the same as that of the second group of 3/2 2 the same as the AC circuit breaker. and so on.
而且，将该海上断路器平台地址选择在所有海上风电场和换流站的几何中心位置，从而使得风电场、开关站与海上换流站之间总的海缆汇聚网络路径最短，从而减小损耗并优化调度。Moreover, the address of the offshore circuit breaker platform is selected at the geometric center of all offshore wind farms and converter stations, so that the total submarine cable aggregation network path between wind farms, switchyards and offshore converter stations is the shortest, thereby reducing losses and optimize scheduling.
海上换流站和陆上换流站都采用MMC结构的VSC换流器，换流器正、负极交流出线网侧均配置交流断路器。而且，VSC换流器采用对称双极接线方式，其拓扑结构如图2所示。该拓扑结构中正极和负极各采用一个独立的MMC，且正极MMC下桥臂直流母线和负极上桥臂直流母线相联接并接地，形成直流侧参考电压。而且，正极MMC和负极MMC采用独立的控制系统。这样一来，相比于单极拓扑结构的MMC，对称双极拓扑的单极线路故障不影响另一极的正常运行，从而提高系统的供电可靠性。Both the offshore converter station and the onshore converter station adopt the VSC converter with MMC structure, and the positive and negative AC outlet network sides of the converter are equipped with AC circuit breakers. Moreover, the VSC converter adopts a symmetrical bipolar connection mode, and its topology is shown in Figure 2. In this topology, an independent MMC is used for the positive pole and the negative pole, and the DC bus bar of the lower arm of the positive MMC and the DC bus bar of the upper arm of the negative pole are connected and grounded to form a reference voltage on the DC side. Moreover, the positive MMC and the negative MMC adopt an independent control system. In this way, compared with the MMC of the unipolar topology, the unipolar line fault of the symmetrical bipolar topology does not affect the normal operation of the other pole, thereby improving the power supply reliability of the system.
同时，为限制直流故障时故障电流的上升率，可在换流站直流侧或交流侧增加限流电抗器。At the same time, in order to limit the rising rate of the fault current when a DC fault occurs, a current-limiting reactor can be added on the DC or AC side of the converter station.
如图3所示换流站单极MMC结构图。每个换流站一极的MMC由三个相单元和六个桥臂组成，每个相单元分为上、下两个桥臂，每个桥臂由若干个子模块级联组成。另外，相比于全桥式、箝位双子模块式、混合子模块式和其他子模块式拓扑结构，半桥式子模块拓扑所用半导体器件最少，损耗最小，经济性最佳，故在这里采用全控型电力电子器件与电容组成的半桥式结构。Figure 3 shows the structure diagram of the single-pole MMC of the converter station. The MMC for one pole of each converter station consists of three phase units and six bridge arms, each phase unit is divided into upper and lower bridge arms, and each bridge arm is composed of several sub-modules cascaded. In addition, compared with the full-bridge, clamped twin sub-module, mixed sub-module and other sub-module topologies, the half-bridge sub-module topology uses the least semiconductor devices, the least loss, and the best economy, so it is used here A half-bridge structure composed of fully controlled power electronic devices and capacitors.
下面对该系统的工作原理做具体描述。The working principle of the system is described in detail below.
在正常运行状态下，闭合海上断路器平台中的所有断路器，各风电场通过与其对应的VSC-HVDC线路输送有功功率。Under normal operating conditions, all circuit breakers in the offshore circuit breaker platform are closed, and each wind farm transmits active power through its corresponding VSC-HVDC line.
若某风电场和与之对应的3/2交流断路器之间的交流线路故障，则断开与该条交流线路连接的两个交流断路器，以隔离故障风电场，保证剩余系统稳定运行。If the AC line between a certain wind farm and its corresponding 3/2 AC circuit breaker fails, disconnect the two AC circuit breakers connected to the AC line to isolate the faulty wind farm and ensure the stable operation of the remaining systems.
若某条VSC-HVDC线路和与之对应的3/2交流断路器之间的交流线路故障，则断开与该条交流线路连接的两个交流断路器，以隔离VSC-HVDC线路，保证剩余系统正常运行。If the AC line between a certain VSC-HVDC line and the corresponding 3/2 AC circuit breaker fails, disconnect the two AC circuit breakers connected to this AC line to isolate the VSC-HVDC line and ensure the remaining The system is functioning normally.
若某条VSC-HVDC某极线路发生直流故障，则先判断是双极故障还是单极故障：If a DC fault occurs in a certain pole of a VSC-HVDC line, first determine whether it is a bipolar fault or a unipolar fault:
若为单极故障，则闭锁该极，断开该极海上换流站交流出线网侧交流断路器，保证该条VSC-HVDC线路另一极和剩余其他VSC-HVDC线路正常运行；If it is a single-pole fault, block the pole and disconnect the AC circuit breaker on the grid side of the AC outgoing line of the offshore converter station of the pole to ensure the normal operation of the other pole of the VSC-HVDC line and the remaining other VSC-HVDC lines;
若为双极故障，则闭锁双极，并同时断开正、负极海上换流站交流出线网侧交流断路器。If it is a bipolar fault, the bipolar is blocked, and the AC circuit breaker on the grid side of the AC outgoing line of the positive and negative offshore converter stations is disconnected at the same time.
若VSC-HVDC线路交直流故障时，与之对应的风电场功率改由线路健全极(直流单极故障时)和/或其他VSC-HVDC线路送出，具体送出线路选择(某一条或某几条)及功率分配的原则为：在考虑各条线路输送能力的前提下，以线路损耗最小为目标进行线路选择和功率分配。If the VSC-HVDC line is faulty with AC or DC, the corresponding wind farm power will be sent from the healthy pole of the line (during DC unipolar fault) and/or other VSC-HVDC lines, and the specific sending line selection (one or several lines) ) and the principle of power allocation: under the premise of considering the transmission capacity of each line, the line selection and power allocation are carried out with the goal of minimizing line loss.
下面结合具体实例以对上述介绍的原理做详细的说明。The principles introduced above will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.
在图4、5、6中，以虚线表示的交流断路器为断开的交流断路器，以实线表示的交流断路器为闭合的交流断路器，有“X”的表示故障线路。In Figures 4, 5, and 6, the AC circuit breakers indicated by dotted lines are open AC circuit breakers, the AC circuit breakers indicated by solid lines are closed AC circuit breakers, and those with "X" indicate faulty lines.
如图4所示，当第二风电场与海上交流断路器平台之间的交流线路故障时，则断开与该交流线路联接的两个交流断路器，以隔离故障风电场，保证剩余系统稳定运行。As shown in Figure 4, when the AC line between the second wind farm and the offshore AC circuit breaker platform fails, the two AC circuit breakers connected to the AC line are disconnected to isolate the faulty wind farm and ensure the stability of the remaining system run.
如图5所示，当海上交流断路器平台与第二VSC-HVDC线路中的第二换流站之间的交流线路故障时，则断开与该交流线路联接的两个交流断路器，以隔离故障VSC-HVDC线路，保证剩余系统正常运行。As shown in Figure 5, when the AC line between the offshore AC circuit breaker platform and the second converter station in the second VSC-HVDC line fails, the two AC circuit breakers connected to the AC line are disconnected to Isolate the faulty VSC-HVDC line to ensure the normal operation of the remaining systems.
如图6所示，当第二VSC-HVDC线路发生直流故障时，判断是单极故障还是双极故障：若直流故障为单极故障，则闭锁故障极，断开该极海上换流站交流出线网侧交流断路器，保证第二VSC-HVDC线路另一极和剩余其他VSC-HVDC线路正常运行；若直流故障为双极故障，则闭锁双极，并同时断开正、负极海上换流站交流出线网侧交流断路器，保证剩余系统正常运行。As shown in Figure 6, when a DC fault occurs on the second VSC-HVDC line, it is judged whether it is a unipolar fault or a bipolar fault: if the DC fault is a unipolar fault, the faulty pole is blocked and the AC of the offshore converter station of the pole is disconnected. The AC circuit breaker on the outlet grid side ensures the normal operation of the other pole of the second VSC-HVDC line and the remaining VSC-HVDC lines; if the DC fault is a bipolar fault, block the bipolar and disconnect the positive and negative offshore commutation at the same time The AC circuit breaker on the network side of the AC outgoing line of the station ensures the normal operation of the remaining systems.
当VSC-HVDC线路交直流故障时，与之对应的风电场功率改由线路健全极(直流单极故障时)和/或其他线路送出。When the AC-DC fault of the VSC-HVDC line, the corresponding wind farm power is sent from the healthy pole of the line (during the DC unipolar fault) and/or other lines.
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后，对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此，本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810068622.6ACN108258727A (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | A kind of offshore grid-connected wind farm transmission system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810068622.6ACN108258727A (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | A kind of offshore grid-connected wind farm transmission system |
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| CN108258727Atrue CN108258727A (en) | 2018-07-06 |
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| CN201810068622.6APendingCN108258727A (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | A kind of offshore grid-connected wind farm transmission system |
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