CN108252680B - Automatic control system and method for well cementation annular pressure - Google Patents
Automatic control system and method for well cementation annular pressureDownload PDFInfo
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- CN108252680B CN108252680BCN201611243878.3ACN201611243878ACN108252680BCN 108252680 BCN108252680 BCN 108252680BCN 201611243878 ACN201611243878 ACN 201611243878ACN 108252680 BCN108252680 BCN 108252680B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum engineering well cementation, in particular to a system and a method for automatically controlling well cementation annular pressure.
Background
In the well cementation of an oil-gas well, after the cement injection is finished, in order to prevent reservoir fluid (oil, gas, water and the like) from invading into an annulus and influence the cementing quality of a cement sheath, certain pressure is often applied to the annulus of a wellhead to compensate the pressure drop formed by cement slurry in the hydration and solidification process.
In actual production, after cement injection is finished, the annulus is closed firstly, then a cement truck is used for pressurizing the annulus through a kill manifold, and after a pressure value reaches a preset value, a kill manifold valve is closed, and the cement truck is detached. However, due to the high formation temperature, the cement slurry displaced into the annulus is heated and heated, and meanwhile, due to the heat release in the physicochemical reaction process of the cement slurry, the cement slurry in the annulus is further heated, so that the pressure in the annulus is continuously increased. When the annulus pressure and the annulus fluid column pressure exceed the formation leak-off pressure, leak-off may occur downhole, resulting in failure to cement. In field production, a well cementation engineer usually gives the well drilling engineer a post to observe, and when the annular pressure exceeds a certain value, the annular pressure is released to a certain value by opening a hydraulic plate valve on a kill manifold.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art: due to the fact that the opening degree of the hydraulic flat valve on the kill manifold is manually operated, annular pressure fluctuation is too large, cementing quality of an annular cement sheath is further affected, and the success rate of well cementation construction of an oil-gas well is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an automatic control system and method for cementing annulus pressure, which can improve the cementing quality of an oil-gas well.
Specifically, the method comprises the following technical scheme:
an automatic control system for cementing annulus pressure, the automatic control system for controlling annulus pressure of an oil well annulus through a well control manifold, the well control manifold comprising a kill manifold, a choke manifold, and a pressure gauge for measuring the annulus pressure, the automatic control system comprising:
a pressure compensating pump disposed on the kill manifold;
a hydraulic throttle valve disposed on the throttle manifold; and
the pressure sensor is arranged on the pressure gauge;
the pressure sensor, the pressure compensation pump and the hydraulic throttle valve are respectively and electrically connected with a data collection control center, and the data collection control center compares the value P of the annular pressure transmitted by the pressure sensoriPreset value P of annular pressuretAnd automatically controlling the opening and closing of the pressure compensation pump and the hydraulic throttle valve.
Preferably, said preset value P of the annular pressure is greater than or equal to the preset value P of the annular pressuretThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Pt＝(ρgo to-ρPartition)·0.00981·HPartition+(ρGo to-ρWeight loss)·0.00981·HSealing deviceWherein, in the step (A),
ρgo toDensity of completion fluid, g/cm3；
ρPartitionDensity of the spacer fluid, g/cm3；
ρWeight lossDensity of weightless cement paste, g/cm3The value can be the density of the continuous saline water on the earth surface;
Hpartition-vertical depth of spacer liquid, m;
Hsealing device-vertical depth of cement seal section, m;
and the maximum annular pressure preset value Ptmax is calculated as:
Ptmax＝Pcrushing device-ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection·0.00981·HSleeveWherein, in the step (A),
Pcrushing device-rupture pressure at the bottom of the casing, MPa;
ρliquid for treating urinary tract infectionDensity of casing bottom to wellhead liquid, g/cm3；
HSleeve-vertical depth of the casing, m.
Preferably, the pressure compensation pump is an electrically driven plunger pump.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is a piezoresistive pressure sensor.
Preferably, the hydraulic throttle valve is a needle valve.
Preferably, the data collection control center includes pressure control software.
An automatic control method for cementing annulus pressure, the automatic control method comprising:
before replacing cement paste, the automatic control system is additionally arranged on the well control manifold; and the preset value P of the annular pressure is set through the data collection control centertAnd the preset value P of the annular pressuretNot more than the maximum annular pressure preset value Ptmax；
After the cement slurry is replaced in place, the oil well annulus is closed and startedThe automatic control system and the pressure sensor measure the value P of the annular pressure measured by the pressure gauge in real timeiTransmitting to the data collection control center, which transmits the value P of the annular pressureiWith a predetermined value P of said annular pressuretAnd (3) comparison:
when P is presenti＜PtWhen the pressure compensation pump is started, the data collection control center sends an opening instruction to the pressure compensation pump to start the pressure compensation pump; when P is presenti＝PtWhen the pressure compensation pump works, the pressure compensation pump stops working;
when P is presenti＞PtWhen the hydraulic throttle valve is opened, the data collection control center sends an opening instruction to the hydraulic throttle valve to open the hydraulic throttle valve; when P is presenti＝PtWhen so, the hydraulic throttle valve is closed.
Further, an annulus pressure compensation scheme is preset in the automatic control system, and the annulus pressure compensation scheme is as follows: according to the preset value P of the annular pressure obtained by calculationtGradually applying a certain pressure to the well cementation annulus in each time period through the pressure compensation pump so as to enable the annulus pressure preset value P of each time periodt-hrContinuously increasing until the cumulatively applied pressure reaches the preset value P of the annular pressuret(ii) a And during each of said time periods, said automatic control system maintains Pi＝Pt-hr。
Preferably, the annular pressure compensation scheme is as follows: applying 2MPa to the well cementation annulus every two hours.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: an automated control system and method for cementing annulus pressure is provided. Specifically, a pressure compensation pump and a pressure sensor are additionally arranged on a kill manifold, a hydraulic throttle valve is connected to the throttle manifold, the pressure compensation pump, the pressure sensor and the hydraulic throttle valve are respectively connected with a data collection control center, and the data collection control center automatically controls the pressure compensation pump and the hydraulic throttle valve to be opened or closed according to the annular pressure transmitted by the pressure sensor in real time. Namely, when pressure drop is formed in the hydration and solidification process of cement slurry displaced into the annular space, the pressure compensation pump is used for increasing the pressure drop of pressure compensation; when the pressure in the annular space is continuously increased due to the fact that heat is released in the formation heat conduction and cement slurry materialization processes and the cement slurry in the annular space is heated, the pressure is relieved to a preset value through the automatic hydraulic throttle valve, and therefore the annular pressure is kept controllable and stable all the time. The automatic control system and the method for well cementation annular pressure provided by the embodiment of the invention are a technology for realizing automatic adjustment of annular pressure by pressurization of a pressure compensation pump and automatic hydraulic throttling valve pressure relief, can improve the cementing cement cementing quality of an oil-gas well, prevent failure of a well cementation project, save the lease cost of a cement truck in the well cementation waiting process, do not need guard on duty of a trunk part of a well team, and have remarkable comprehensive benefits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic control system for cementing annulus pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote:
1. a kill manifold;
2. a choke manifold;
3. a pressure gauge;
4. a pressure compensating pump;
5. a pressure sensor;
6. a hydraulic throttle valve;
7. and a data collection control center.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will describe embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used in the examples of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides an automatic control system for well cementation annular pressure, which is used for controlling the annular pressure of an oil well annulus through a well control manifold, wherein the well control manifold comprises a kill manifold 1, a throttle manifold 2 and a pressure gauge 3 for measuring the annular pressure, and the automatic control system comprises:
the pressure compensation pump 4 is arranged on the kill manifold 1;
ahydraulic throttle valve 6 arranged on the throttle manifold 2; and
apressure sensor 5 arranged on the pressure gauge 3;
thepressure sensor 5, the pressure compensation pump 4 and thehydraulic throttle valve 6 are respectively electrically connected with a datacollection control center 7, and the datacollection control center 7 compares the value P of the annular pressure transmitted by thepressure sensor 5iPreset value P of annular pressuretThe opening and closing of the pressure-compensating pump 4 and the hydraulically operatedthrottle valve 6 are automatically controlled.
It should be noted that the preset value P of the annular pressuretNot more than the maximum annular pressure preset value Ptmax when Pt＞Ptmax, preset value P of annular pressuretValue of PtThe value of max.
Wherein the preset value P of the annular pressuretThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Pt＝(ρgo to-ρPartition)·0.00981·HPartition+(ρGo to-ρWeight loss)·0.00981·HSealing deviceWherein, in the step (A),
ρgo toDensity of completion fluid, g/cm3；
ρPartitionDensity of the spacer fluid, g/cm3；
ρWeight lossDensity of weightless cement paste, g/cm3The value can be the density of the continuous saline water on the earth surface;
Hpartition-vertical depth of spacer liquid, m;
Hsealing devicePerpendicularity of cement seal sectionsDepth, m;
maximum annular pressure preset value Ptmax is calculated as:
Ptmax＝Pcrushing device-ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection·0.00981·HSleeveWherein, in the step (A),
Pcrushing device-rupture pressure at the bottom of the casing, MPa;
ρliquid for treating urinary tract infectionDensity of casing bottom to wellhead liquid, g/cm3；
HSleeve-vertical depth of the casing, m.
Before replacing cement paste, the automatic control system is additionally arranged on a well control manifold, and a preset value P of annular pressure is set through a datacollection control center 7t. The working principle of the automatic control system for the well cementation annular pressure provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: after the cement slurry is replaced in place, the oil well annulus is closed, the automatic control system is started, and thepressure sensor 5 measures the value P of the annulus pressure measured by the pressure gauge 3 in real timeiTransmitting to the datacollection control center 7, the datacollection control center 7 transmitting the value P of the annular pressureiPreset value P of annular pressuretAnd (3) comparison:
when P is presenti＜PtWhen the pressure compensation pump 4 is started, the datacollection control center 7 sends an opening instruction to the pressure compensation pump 4 to start the pressure compensation pump 4; when P is presenti＝PtWhen the pressure compensation pump 4 is started, the pressure compensation pump 4 stops working;
when P is presenti＞PtWhen the datacollection control center 7 sends an opening instruction to thehydraulic throttle valve 6 to open thehydraulic throttle valve 6, and when P is reachedi＝PtAt this time, thehydraulic throttle valve 6 is closed.
That is, when a pressure drop is formed during hydration and solidification of cement slurry displaced into the annulus, the pressure drop of pressure compensation is increased by the pressure compensation pump; when the pressure in the annular space is continuously increased due to the fact that heat is released in the formation heat conduction and cement slurry materialization processes and the cement slurry in the annular space is heated, the pressure is relieved to a preset value through the automatic hydraulic throttle valve, and therefore the annular pressure is kept controllable and stable all the time. The automatic control system for well cementation annular pressure provided by the embodiment of the invention is a technology for realizing automatic adjustment of annular pressure by pressurization of a pressure compensation pump and automatic hydraulic throttling valve pressure relief.
In the automatic control system for the well cementation annular pressure, the types of the pressure compensation pump 4, thepressure sensor 5 and thehydraulic throttle valve 6 are not strictly limited, and the functions can be realized. For example, the pressure compensation pump 4 may be a plunger pump, and may be a diesel-driven pump or an electrically-driven pump, and preferably, the plunger pump may be electrically driven according to the above pressure control requirement; thepressure sensor 5 is a sensor for measuring the annular pressure, and may be a resistance strain gauge pressure sensor, a semiconductor strain gauge pressure sensor, a piezoresistive pressure sensor, an inductive pressure sensor, a capacitive pressure sensor, a resonant pressure sensor, a capacitive acceleration sensor, or the like, preferably a piezoresistive pressure sensor; thehydraulic throttle valve 6 is a valve for controlling the flow rate of fluid by changing the throttle cross section or the throttle length, and may be a cage valve, a needle valve, or a flat valve, preferably a needle valve.
In the above automatic control system for well cementation annular pressure, the datacollection control center 7 is a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) control system for collecting annular pressure data and transmitting a switch command, and includes pressure control software, a data transmission line, and the like.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an automatic control method of the well cementation annular pressure, which comprises the following steps: before replacing cement paste, the automatic control system is additionally arranged on a well control manifold; and the preset value P of the annular pressure is set through the pressure control software of the datacollection control center 7tAnd a preset value P of the annular pressuretNot more than the maximum annular pressure preset value Ptmax；
After the cement paste is replaced in place, flushing residual cement paste at the wellhead, closing the annulus of the oil well, starting the automatic control system, and using thepressure sensor 5 to real-timely replace the pressure gauge 3Measured value P of annular pressureiTransmitting to the datacollection control center 7, the datacollection control center 7 transmitting the value P of the annular pressureiPreset value P of annular pressuretAnd (3) comparison:
when P is presenti＜PtWhen the pressure compensation pump 4 is started, the datacollection control center 7 sends an opening instruction to the pressure compensation pump 4 to start the pressure compensation pump 4; when P is presenti＝PtWhen the pressure compensation pump 4 is started, the pressure compensation pump 4 stops working;
when P is presenti＞PtWhen the throttle valve is opened, the datacollection control center 7 sends an opening instruction to thehydraulic throttle valve 6 to open thehydraulic throttle valve 6; when P is presenti＝PtAt this time, thehydraulic throttle valve 6 is closed.
Wherein the preset value P of the annular pressuretAnd a maximum annular pressure preset value PtThe max is calculated as described above.
In the above method for automatically controlling the cementing annulus pressure, in order to prevent the annulus pressure from fluctuating greatly and affecting the cementing quality of the cement sheath, an annulus pressure compensation scheme may be preset in the datacollection control center 7 in the automatic control system, for example, the annulus pressure compensation scheme may be set to be gradually increased by pressure control software of the datacollection control center 7, specifically: applying a certain pressure to the well cementation annulus step by step in each time period through the pressure compensation pump 4 to enable the annulus pressure preset value P in each time periodt-hrContinuously increasing until the pressure applied in an accumulation way reaches a preset value P of the annular pressuretFor example, it may be provided that 2MPa is applied to the cementing annulus every two hours, i.e. every two hours of time period, Pt-hrEqual to 2MPa, 4MPa, 6MPa … … PtAnd during each of said time periods, said automatic control system maintains Pi＝Pt-hrI.e. in each time period:
when P is presenti＜Pt-hrWhen the pressure compensation pump 4 is started, the datacollection control center 7 sends an opening instruction to the pressure compensation pump 4 to start the pressure compensation pump 4; when P is presenti＝Pt-hrWhen the pressure compensation pump 4 is started, the pressure compensation pump 4 stops working;
when P is presenti＞Pt-hrWhen the datacollection control center 7 sends an opening instruction to thehydraulic throttle valve 6 to open thehydraulic throttle valve 6, and when P is reachedi＝Pt-hrAt this time, thehydraulic throttle valve 6 is closed.
That is, when a pressure drop is formed during hydration and solidification of cement slurry displaced into the annulus, the pressure drop of pressure compensation is increased by the pressure compensation pump; when the pressure in the annular space is continuously increased due to the fact that heat is released in the formation heat conduction and cement slurry materialization processes and the cement slurry in the annular space is heated, the pressure is relieved to a preset value through the automatic hydraulic throttle valve, and therefore the annular pressure is kept controllable and stable all the time. The automatic control method for well cementation annular pressure provided by the embodiment of the invention is a technology for realizing automatic adjustment of annular pressure by pressurization of a pressure compensation pump and automatic hydraulic throttling valve pressure relief.
The above description is only for facilitating the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an automatic control system of well cementation annular pressure, is applied to the oil gas well cementation stage, automatic control system is used for controlling the annular pressure of oil well annular through well control manifold, well control manifold includes kill-job manifold (1), choke manifold (2) and is used for measuring the manometer (3) of annular pressure, its characterized in that, automatic control system includes:
a pressure compensation pump (4) arranged on the kill manifold (1);
a hydraulic throttle valve (6) arranged on the throttle manifold (2); and
a pressure sensor (5) arranged on the pressure gauge (3);
and the pressure sensor (5), the pressure compensationThe pump (4) and the hydraulic throttle valve (6) are respectively electrically connected with a data collection control center (7), and the data collection control center (7) is used for comparing the value P of the annular pressure transmitted by the pressure sensor (5)iPreset value P of annular pressuretAnd automatically controlling the opening and closing of the pressure compensation pump (4) to compensate the annular pressure and automatically controlling the opening and closing of the hydraulic throttle valve (6).
2. Automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that said preset value P of the annular pressure is a preset valuetThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Pt＝(ρgo to-ρPartition)·0.00981·HPartition+(ρGo to-ρWeight loss)·0.00981·HSealing deviceWherein, in the step (A),
ρgo toDensity of completion fluid, g/cm3；
ρPartitionDensity of the spacer fluid, g/cm3；
ρWeight lossDensity of weightless cement paste, g/cm3The value can be the density of the continuous saline water on the earth surface;
Hpartition-vertical depth of spacer liquid, m;
Hsealing device-vertical depth of cement seal section, m;
and the maximum annular pressure preset value Ptmax is calculated as:
Ptmax＝Pcrushing device-ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection·0.00981·HSleeveWherein, in the step (A),
Pcrushing device-rupture pressure at the bottom of the casing, MPa;
ρliquid for treating urinary tract infectionDensity of casing bottom to wellhead liquid, g/cm3；
HSleeve-vertical depth of the casing, m.
3. An automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure compensation pump (4) is an electrically driven plunger pump.
4. An automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure sensor (5) is a piezoresistive pressure sensor.
5. An automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulically operated throttle valve (6) is a needle valve.
6. An automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data collection control centre (7) comprises pressure control software.
7. An automatic control method using the automatic control system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the automatic control method comprises:
before replacing cement paste, the automatic control system is additionally arranged on the well control manifold; and a preset value P of the annular pressure is set through the data collection control center (7)tAnd the preset value P of the annular pressuretNot more than the maximum annular pressure preset value Ptmax；
After cement slurry is replaced in place, the oil well annulus is closed, the automatic control system is started, and the pressure sensor (5) measures the value P of the annulus pressure measured by the pressure gauge (3) in real timeiTo the data collection control centre (7), the data collection control centre (7) calculating the value P of the annular pressureiWith a predetermined value P of said annular pressuretAnd (3) comparison:
when P is presenti＜PtWhen the pressure compensation pump is started, the data collection control center (7) sends an opening instruction to the pressure compensation pump (4) to start the pressure compensation pump (4); when P is presenti＝PtWhen the pressure compensation pump (4) stops working;
when P is presenti＞PtWhen the throttle valve is opened, the data collection control center (7) sends an opening instruction to the hydraulic throttle valve (6) to open the hydraulic throttle valve (6); when P is presenti＝PtWhen the valve is closed, the hydraulic throttle valve (6) is closed.
8. Automatic control method according to claim 7, characterized in that said preset value P of annular pressuretThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Pt＝(ρgo to-ρPartition)·0.00981·HPartition+(ρGo to-ρWeight loss)·0.00981·HSealing deviceWherein, in the step (A),
ρgo toDensity of completion fluid, g/cm3；
ρPartitionDensity of the spacer fluid, g/cm3；
ρWeight lossDensity of weightless cement paste, g/cm3The value can be the density of the continuous saline water on the earth surface;
Hpartition-vertical depth of spacer liquid, m;
Hsealing device-vertical depth of cement seal section, m;
the maximum annular pressure preset value Ptmax is calculated as:
Ptmax＝Pcrushing device-ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection·0.00981·HSleeveWherein, in the step (A),
Pcrushing device-rupture pressure at the bottom of the casing, MPa;
ρliquid for treating urinary tract infectionDensity of casing bottom to wellhead liquid, g/cm3；
HSleeve-vertical depth of the casing, m.
9. The automatic control method according to claim 8, wherein an annular pressure compensation scheme is preset in the automatic control system, and the annular pressure compensation scheme is as follows: according to the preset value P of the annular pressure obtained by calculationtApplying a certain pressure to the well cementation annulus step by step in each time period through the pressure compensation pump (4) so that the preset value P of the annulus pressure in each time period is enabled to bet-hrContinuously increasing until the cumulatively applied pressure reaches the preset value P of the annular pressuret(ii) a And during each of said time periods, said automatically controllingSystem maintenance Pi＝Pt-hr。
10. The automated control method of claim 9, wherein the annulus pressure compensation scheme is: applying 2MPa into the well cementation annulus every two hours.
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| CN111088977B (en)* | 2019-12-12 | 2023-01-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Experimental device and experimental method for well cementation annular pressurization |
| CN114961606B (en)* | 2022-06-02 | 2023-10-13 | 西南石油大学 | Automatic pressure relief and supplementing system for high-pressure gas well annulus based on PLC control and control method |
| CN116220584B (en)* | 2023-01-09 | 2024-05-31 | 新疆敦华绿碳技术股份有限公司 | CO (carbon monoxide)2Well control system for flooding injection production well and optimization method thereof |
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