技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种光伏发电站的控制方法及系统，具体涉及一种光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法及系统。The invention relates to a control method and system for a photovoltaic power station, in particular to a control method and system for photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，光伏发电在世界范围内得到快速发展，大量集中式大型光伏电站相继并网或处于规划建设中，如加拿大的Ontario光伏电站(100MW)，美国的Yuma County，AZ电站(250MW)、中国的格尔木电站(300MW)等，这些电站往往处于系统的末端，常通过长距离线路送至负荷中心。系统低频振荡产生的原因一般是由于系统的负阻尼效应，常出现在弱联系、远距离、重负荷输电线路上，已有研究表明，光伏发电高渗透率接入对电网低频振荡存在一定影响。In recent years, photovoltaic power generation has developed rapidly around the world, and a large number of centralized large-scale photovoltaic power stations have been connected to the grid or are under planning and construction, such as Ontario photovoltaic power station (100MW) in Canada, Yuma County, AZ power station (250MW) in the United States, China Golmud Power Station (300MW), etc. These power stations are often at the end of the system and are often sent to the load center through long-distance lines. The low-frequency oscillation of the system is generally caused by the negative damping effect of the system, which often occurs on weakly connected, long-distance, and heavy-duty transmission lines. Studies have shown that the high penetration rate of photovoltaic power generation has a certain impact on the low-frequency oscillation of the power grid.
随着光伏发电大规模接入电网，光伏发电对系统低频振荡影响的问题也开始引起了关注。目前已有研究侧重于分析光伏发电对电力系统低频振荡模态的影响，少量有关光伏发电抑制低频振荡的研究侧重于基于有功调制的方法，即采用有功功率作为光伏发电抑制低频振荡控制器的输入信号，首先将有功功率运行点降低(某文献中为光伏最大功率的一半)，以保证光伏系统有足够的有功调节裕量参与抑制电力系统低频振荡。这种降出力的运行方式一定程度上减小了光伏输出的有功，也改变了系统低频振荡过程中的稳态运行点，有可能在光伏电站切换回最大功率跟踪运行模式时引发新的振荡，影响光伏系统的发电能力，因此有必要进行改进。As photovoltaic power generation is connected to the grid on a large scale, the impact of photovoltaic power generation on the low-frequency oscillation of the system has also begun to attract attention. At present, existing research focuses on the analysis of the influence of photovoltaic power generation on the low-frequency oscillation mode of the power system. A small number of studies on photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation focus on the method based on active power modulation, that is, the active power is used as the input of the photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation controller. Firstly, the operating point of active power is reduced (half of the maximum photovoltaic power in a document) to ensure that the photovoltaic system has sufficient active power adjustment margin to participate in suppressing low-frequency oscillation of the power system. This power-reducing operation mode reduces the active power of photovoltaic output to a certain extent, and also changes the steady-state operating point during the low-frequency oscillation process of the system, which may cause new oscillations when the photovoltaic power station switches back to the maximum power tracking operation mode. Affect the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system, so it is necessary to improve it.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述现有技术中的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法及系统，有效抑制电力系统低频振荡的光伏发电附加阻尼控制方法，利用光伏发电系统的无功调节裕量和无功调节能力来抑制低频振荡，避免现有方法对有功功率的利用，避免影响光伏系统的发电能力。In order to solve the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a control method and system for suppressing low-frequency oscillation of photovoltaic power generation, an additional damping control method for photovoltaic power generation that effectively suppresses low-frequency oscillation of the power system, and utilizes the reactive power of the photovoltaic power generation system The adjustment margin and reactive power adjustment ability are used to suppress low-frequency oscillation, avoid the use of active power by existing methods, and avoid affecting the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system.
本发明的目的是采用下述技术方案实现的：The object of the present invention is to adopt following technical scheme to realize:
本发明提供一种光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法，其改进之处在于：The invention provides a control method for photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation, the improvement of which is:
将采集到的光伏电站并网点的有功功率幅值输入至预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型中，计算控制输出信号值；Input the collected active power amplitude of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station into the pre-established control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device, and calculate the value of the control output signal;
将所述控制输出信号值与光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的参考值进行叠加，参与光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的控制；superimposing the control output signal value with the reference value of the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system, and participating in the control of the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system;
所述预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型包括隔直环节、两个超前-滞后环节、比例环节和限幅环节。The pre-established control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device includes a DC blocking link, two lead-lag links, a proportional link and a limiting link.
进一步地：所述将采集到的光伏电站并网点的有功功率幅值输入至预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型中，计算控制输出信号值，包括：Further: the input of the collected active power amplitude of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station into the control model of the pre-established low-frequency oscillation suppression device, and calculate the control output signal value, including:
根据所述有功功率幅值和预先设定的有功功率参考值计算标幺值；calculating the per unit value according to the active power amplitude and a preset active power reference value;
将所述标幺值输入至隔直环节中得到高通滤波信号；The per unit value is input into the DC blocking link to obtain a high-pass filter signal;
将所述高通滤波信号输入至第一个超前-滞后环节后得到一次移相输出信号；After the high-pass filter signal is input to the first lead-lag link, a phase-shifted output signal is obtained;
将所述一次移相输出信号信号输入至第二个超前-滞后环节后得到二次移相输出信号；After the first phase-shift output signal is input to the second lead-lag link, the second phase-shift output signal is obtained;
将所述二次移相输出信号输入至比例环节后得到比例放大信号；After the second phase-shift output signal is input to the proportional link, a proportional amplified signal is obtained;
将所述比例放大信号输入至限幅环节后得到控制输出信号值。The value of the control output signal is obtained after the proportional amplified signal is input to the limiting link.
进一步地：所述标幺值根据下式计算：Further: the per unit value is calculated according to the following formula:
ΔPu＝ΔP/PrefΔPu = ΔP/Pref
式中：Pref为光伏电站并网点的有功功率参考值，ΔP为有功功率偏差量ΔP，ΔP＝Pref-P，P为有功功率实测幅值。In the formula: Pref is the active power reference value of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station, ΔP is the active power deviation ΔP, ΔP=Pref -P, and P is the measured amplitude of active power.
进一步地：所述将所述标幺值输入至隔直环节中得到高通滤波信号，包括：Further: said inputting said per unit value into the DC blocking link to obtain a high-pass filter signal, including:
将标幺值ΔPu输入隔直环节得到高通滤波信号ΔPw，其中：Tw为隔直时间常数。Input the per unit value ΔPu into the DC blocking link Get the high-pass filtered signal ΔPw , Among them: Tw is the direct time constant.
进一步地：所述将所述高通滤波信号输入至第一个超前-滞后环节后得到一次移相输出信号，包括：Further: after the high-pass filter signal is input to the first lead-lag link, a phase-shifted output signal is obtained, including:
将高通滤波信号ΔPw输入第一个超前-滞后环节得到一次移相输出信号ΔPT1，其中T1和T2为时间常数。Input the high-pass filtered signal ΔPw into the first lead-lag link Obtain a phase-shifted output signal ΔPT1 , Where T1 and T2 are time constants.
进一步地：所述将所述一次移相输出信号信号输入至第二个超前-滞后环节后得到二次移相输出信号包括：Further: said inputting said primary phase-shifted output signal to the second lead-lag link to obtain a secondary phase-shifted output signal includes:
将一次移相输出信号ΔPT1输入第二个超前-滞后环节得到二次移相输出信号ΔPT2，其中T3和T4为时间常数。Input a phase-shifted output signal ΔPT1 into the second lead-lag link Obtain the second phase shift output signal ΔPT2 , Where T3 and T4 are time constants.
进一步地：将所述一次移相输出信号信号输入至第二个超前-滞后环节后得到二次移相输出信号，包括：Further: after the primary phase-shift output signal is input to the second lead-lag link, a secondary phase-shift output signal is obtained, including:
将二次移相输出信号ΔPT2输入比例环节K，得到比例放大信号ΔPK，ΔPK＝KΔPT2。Input the secondary phase-shift output signal ΔPT2 into the proportional link K to obtain the proportional amplified signal ΔPK , ΔPK =KΔPT2 .
进一步地：所述将所述比例放大信号输入至限幅环节后得到控制输出信号值包括：Further: the control output signal value obtained after the proportional amplified signal is input to the limiting link includes:
将比例放大信号ΔPK输入限幅环节，得到控制输出信号值ΔPout；若控制输出信号值ΔPout>Limit_max，则控制输出信号值ΔP’out＝Limit_max；若控制输出信号值ΔPout<Limit_min，则控制输出信号值ΔP’out＝Limit_min。Input the proportional amplified signal ΔPK into the limiting link to obtain the control output signal value ΔPout ; if the control output signal value ΔPout >Limit_max, then the control output signal value ΔP'out = Limit_max; if the control output signal value ΔPout <Limit_min, Then the control output signal value ΔP'out =Limit_min.
进一步地：在所述将所述控制输出信号值与光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的参考值进行叠加，参与光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的控制之后，还包括：建立机电暂态并网仿真分析模型，验证所述控制方法的有效性。Further: after superimposing the control output signal value with the reference value of the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system and participating in the control of the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system, it also includes: establishing an electromechanical Transient grid-connected simulation analysis model to verify the effectiveness of the control method.
进一步地：所述建立机电暂态并网仿真分析模型，验证所述控制方法的有效性，包括：Further: the establishment of an electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model to verify the effectiveness of the control method includes:
建立光伏电站接入电力系统的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型；Establish an electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation model for photovoltaic power stations connected to the power system;
对所述建立的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型分别进行采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法和不采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法的模态分析，检验所述控制方法的有效性；Carrying out the modal analysis of the control method using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation and the control method not using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation on the established electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model, and checking the effectiveness of the control method;
对所述建立的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型分别进行采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法和不采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法的时域仿真分析，检验所述控制方法的有效性。The established electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model is subjected to time-domain simulation analysis of the control method using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation and the control method not using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation, to verify the effectiveness of the control method.
进一步地：对所述建立的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型分别进行采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法和不采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法的模态分析，检验所述控制方法的有效性包括：Further: carry out the modal analysis of the control method using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation and the control method not using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation on the established electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model, and verify the effectiveness of the control method Sex includes:
采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法时，机电暂态并网仿真分析模型中的特征根向复平面的左半平面移动，且阻尼比增大，则所述控制方法有效；否则无效。When the control method of photovoltaic power generation suppressing low-frequency oscillation is adopted, the characteristic root in the electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model moves to the left half plane of the complex plane, and the damping ratio increases, then the control method is effective; otherwise, it is invalid.
进一步地：对所述建立的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型分别进行采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法和不采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法的时域仿真分析，检验所述控制方法的有效性包括：若采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法后，机电暂态并网仿真分析模型的振荡现象得到抑制，则所述控制方法有效；否则无效。Further: time-domain simulation analysis of the established electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model using the control method of photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation and the control method of not using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation, and verifying the effectiveness of the control method The effectiveness includes: if the vibration phenomenon of the electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model is suppressed after the control method for suppressing low-frequency oscillation of photovoltaic power generation is adopted, the control method is valid; otherwise, it is invalid.
本发明还提供一种光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制系统，其改进之处在于：包括：The present invention also provides a control system for photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation, the improvement of which is: including:
控制输出计算模块，用于将设定的光伏电站并网点参数输入至预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型中，计算控制输出信号值；The control output calculation module is used to input the set grid-connected point parameters of the photovoltaic power station into the pre-established control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device, and calculate the control output signal value;
无功/电压控制环运算模块，用于将所述控制输出信号值叠加在光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环参考值上，作为新的参考值，并对所述新的参考值进行无功/电压控制环运算；The reactive power/voltage control loop calculation module is used to superimpose the control output signal value on the reactive power/voltage control loop reference value of the photovoltaic power generation system as a new reference value, and perform an infinite calculation on the new reference value. Power/voltage control loop operation;
所述预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型包括隔直环节、两个超前-滞后环节、比例环节和限幅环节。The pre-established control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device includes a DC blocking link, two lead-lag links, a proportional link and a limiting link.
所述限幅环节计算模块，包括：The limiting link calculation module includes:
设定单元，用于根据所述有功功率幅值和预先设定的有功功率参考值计算标幺值；A setting unit, configured to calculate the per unit value according to the active power amplitude and a preset active power reference value;
输入单元，用于将所述标幺值输入至隔直环节中得到高通滤波信号；The input unit is used to input the per unit value into the DC blocking link to obtain a high-pass filter signal;
第一获得单元，用于将所述高通滤波信号输入至第一个超前-滞后环节后得到一次移相输出信号；The first obtaining unit is configured to input the high-pass filtered signal to the first lead-lag link to obtain a phase-shifted output signal;
第二获得单元，用于将所述一次移相输出信号信号输入至第二个超前-滞后环节后得到二次移相输出信号；The second obtaining unit is configured to input the primary phase-shifted output signal to the second lead-lag link to obtain a secondary phase-shifted output signal;
第三获得单元，用于将所述二次移相输出信号输入至比例环节后得到比例放大信号；The third obtaining unit is used to obtain the proportional amplification signal after inputting the second phase-shift output signal to the proportional link;
第四获得单元，用于将所述比例放大信号输入至限幅环节后得到控制输出信号值。The fourth obtaining unit is configured to obtain the value of the control output signal after inputting the proportional amplified signal to the limiting link.
所述系统还包括：建立模块，用于建立机电暂态并网仿真分析模型，验证所述控制方法的有效性。The system also includes: an establishment module for establishing an electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model to verify the effectiveness of the control method.
进一步地：所述建立模块，包括：Further: the building module includes:
构建单元，用于建立光伏电站接入电力系统的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型；Construction unit, used to establish the electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model for photovoltaic power station access to the power system;
第一验证单元，用于对所述建立的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型分别进行采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法和不采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法的模态分析，检验所述控制方法的有效性；The first verification unit is used to perform modal analysis on the established electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model of the control method using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation and the control method not using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation, and verify the the effectiveness of the control methods;
第二验证单元，用于对所述建立的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型分别进行采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法和不采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法的时域仿真分析，检验所述控制方法的有效性。The second verification unit is used to perform time-domain simulation analysis of the established electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model using the control method of photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillations and the control method of not using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillations, and the inspection institute effectiveness of the control methods described above.
进一步地：所述第一验证单元还用于：Further: the first verification unit is also used for:
采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法时，机电暂态并网仿真分析模型中的特征根向复平面的左半平面移动，且阻尼比增大，则所述控制方法有效；否则无效。When the control method of photovoltaic power generation suppressing low-frequency oscillation is adopted, the characteristic root in the electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model moves to the left half plane of the complex plane, and the damping ratio increases, then the control method is effective; otherwise, it is invalid.
进一步地：所述第一验证单元还用于：Further: the first verification unit is also used for:
若采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法后，机电暂态并网仿真分析模型的振荡现象得到抑制，则所述控制方法有效；否则无效。If the vibration phenomenon of the electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model is suppressed after the control method for suppressing low-frequency oscillation of photovoltaic power generation is adopted, the control method is valid; otherwise, it is invalid.
与最接近的现有技术相比，本发明提供的技术方案具有的有益效果是：Compared with the closest prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the beneficial effects of:
1)本发明将采集到的光伏电站并网点的有功功率幅值输入至预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型中，计算控制输出信号值；将所述控制输出信号值与光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的参考值进行叠加，参与光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的控制；所述预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型包括隔直环节、两个超前-滞后环节、比例环节和限幅环节，有效抑制电力系统低频振荡的光伏发电附加阻尼控制方法，利用光伏发电系统的无功调节裕量和无功调节能力来抑制低频振荡，避免现有方法对有功功率的利用，避免影响光伏系统的发电能力。1) The present invention inputs the collected active power amplitude of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station into the control model of the pre-established low-frequency oscillation suppression device, and calculates the value of the control output signal; The reference values of the power/voltage control loop are superimposed to participate in the control of the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system; the control model of the pre-established low-frequency oscillation suppression device includes a DC blocking link, two lead-lag links, and a proportional link and limiting link, an additional damping control method for photovoltaic power generation that effectively suppresses low-frequency oscillations in the power system, uses the reactive power adjustment margin and reactive power adjustment capability of the photovoltaic power generation system to suppress low-frequency oscillations, and avoids the use of active power by existing methods. Avoid affecting the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system.
2)通过在光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环叠加阻尼低频振荡控制器，跟常规的火电、水电机组抑制低频振荡机理类似，物理概念清晰，简便易用，便于不同知识层次的电力行业工程师和科研工作者掌握和使用。避免了现有方法采用有功功率对发电能力的影响，在保证技术性能的同时，有效提高了光伏电站经济效益。2) By superimposing the damping low-frequency oscillation controller in the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system, it is similar to the mechanism of conventional thermal power and hydropower units to suppress low-frequency oscillation. The physical concept is clear and easy to use, which is convenient for power industry engineers at different levels of knowledge and scientific research workers to master and use. The influence of active power on the power generation capacity by the existing method is avoided, and the economic benefit of the photovoltaic power station is effectively improved while ensuring the technical performance.
3)具备通用性，容易扩展应用至风力发电系统及其他类似系统的低频振荡抑制问题，应用前景广阔。3) It is versatile and can be easily extended to low-frequency oscillation suppression problems in wind power generation systems and other similar systems, with broad application prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明提供的具体实施例中一个光伏电站接入系统算例结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power station access system calculation example in a specific embodiment provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例中低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型图；Fig. 2 is a control model diagram of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例中系统发生短路工况下未投/投入低频振荡控制器时的时域仿真结果对比图；Fig. 3 is a comparison diagram of time-domain simulation results when the low-frequency oscillation controller is not switched on or switched on under the short-circuit condition of the system in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明提供的光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法的流程图；Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a control method for photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation provided by the present invention;
图5是本发明提供的ΔPout叠加在光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的参考值的示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the reference value of ΔPout superimposed on the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
以下描述和附图充分地示出本发明的具体实施方案，以使本领域的技术人员能够实践它们。其他实施方案可以包括结构的、逻辑的、电气的、过程的以及其他的改变。实施例仅代表可能的变化。除非明确要求，否则单独的组件和功能是可选的，并且操作的顺序可以变化。一些实施方案的部分和特征可以被包括在或替换其他实施方案的部分和特征。本发明的实施方案的范围包括权利要求书的整个范围，以及权利要求书的所有可获得的等同物。在本文中，本发明的这些实施方案可以被单独地或总地用术语“发明”来表示，这仅仅是为了方便，并且如果事实上公开了超过一个的发明，不是要自动地限制该应用的范围为任何单个发明或发明构思。The following description and drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the invention sufficiently to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. The examples merely represent possible variations. Individual components and functions are optional unless explicitly required, and the order of operations may vary. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of other embodiments. The scope of embodiments of the present invention includes the full scope of the claims, and all available equivalents of the claims. These embodiments of the present invention may be referred to herein, individually or collectively, by the term "invention", which is for convenience only and is not intended to automatically limit the application if in fact more than one invention is disclosed The scope is any individual invention or inventive concept.
实施例一、Embodiment one,
本发明提供一种基于无功调制的光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法，流程图如图4所示，包括：The present invention provides a control method for suppressing low-frequency oscillation of photovoltaic power generation based on reactive power modulation. The flow chart is shown in Figure 4, including:
S11、将采集到的光伏电站并网点的有功功率幅值输入至预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型中，计算控制输出信号值；S11. Input the collected active power amplitude of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station into the pre-established control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device, and calculate the control output signal value;
S12、将所述控制输出信号值与光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的参考值进行叠加，参与光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的控制；S12. Superimpose the control output signal value with the reference value of the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system, and participate in the control of the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system;
所述预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型包括隔直环节、两个超前-滞后环节、比例环节和限幅环节。The pre-established control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device includes a DC blocking link, two lead-lag links, a proportional link and a limiting link.
所述设定的光伏电站并网点参数，包括：The set grid-connected point parameters of the photovoltaic power station include:
测量得到的光伏电站并网点的有功功率幅值和设定的光伏电站并网点的有功功率参考值。The measured active power amplitude of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station and the set active power reference value of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station.
步骤S11中将设定的光伏电站并网点参数输入至预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型中，计算控制输出信号值，包括：In step S11, the set grid-connected point parameters of the photovoltaic power station are input into the pre-established control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device, and the control output signal value is calculated, including:
根据有功功率幅值和有功功率参考值计算标幺值；Calculate the per unit value according to the active power amplitude and active power reference value;
将所述标幺值输入至隔直环节中得到高通滤波信号；The per unit value is input into the DC blocking link to obtain a high-pass filter signal;
将所述高通滤波信号输入至第一个超前-滞后环节后得到一次移相输出信号；After the high-pass filter signal is input to the first lead-lag link, a phase-shifted output signal is obtained;
将所述一次移相输出信号信号输入至第二个超前-滞后环节后得到二次移相输出信号；After the first phase-shift output signal is input to the second lead-lag link, the second phase-shift output signal is obtained;
将所述二次移相输出信号输入至比例环节后得到比例放大信号；After the second phase-shift output signal is input to the proportional link, a proportional amplified signal is obtained;
将所述比例放大信号输入至限幅环节后得到控制输出信号值。The value of the control output signal is obtained after the proportional amplified signal is input to the limiting link.
其中：赋值后的步骤S11包括：Wherein: the step S11 after assignment includes:
步骤1：测量光伏电站并网点的有功功率幅值P；Step 1: Measure the active power amplitude P of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station;
步骤2：将光伏电站并网点的有功功率参考值(初值)Pref减去测量得到的有功功率值P，得到偏差量ΔP，并将偏差量ΔP除以有功功率参考值Pref，得到标幺值ΔPu；Step 2: Subtract the measured active power value P from the active power reference value (initial value) Pref of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station to obtain the deviation ΔP, and divide the deviation ΔP by the active power reference value Preref to obtain the standard unit value ΔPu ;
步骤3：将ΔPu输入隔直环节得到信号ΔPw，其中：Tw为隔直时间常数；Step 3: Input ΔPu into the DC blocking link Obtain the signal ΔPw , where: Tw is the time constant of DC blocking;
步骤4：将ΔPw输入第一个超前-滞后环节得到信号ΔPT1，其中T1和T2为时间常数；Step 4: Input ΔPw into the first lead-lag link Obtain signal ΔPT1 , where T1 and T2 are time constants;
步骤5：将ΔPT1输入第二个超前-滞后环节得到信号ΔPT2，其中T3和T4为时间常数；Step 5: Input ΔPT1 into the second lead-lag link Obtain signal ΔPT2 , where T3 and T4 are time constants;
步骤6：将ΔPT2输入比例环节K，得到信号ΔPK；Step 6: Input ΔPT2 into the proportional link K to obtain the signal ΔPK ;
步骤7：将比例放大信号ΔPK输入限幅环节(上限为Limit_max，下限为Limit_min)，得到控制输出信号值ΔPout；若控制输出信号值ΔPout>Limit_max，则控制输出信号值ΔP’out＝Limit_max；若控制输出信号值ΔPout<Limit_min，则控制输出信号值ΔP’out＝Limit_min。Step 7: Input the proportional amplified signal ΔPK into the limiting link (the upper limit is Limit_max, the lower limit is Limit_min), and the control output signal value ΔPout is obtained; if the control output signal value ΔPout >Limit_max, then the control output signal value ΔP'out = Limit_max; if the control output signal value ΔPout <Limit_min, then the control output signal value ΔP'out =Limit_min.
步骤8：将ΔPout叠加在光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环的参考值上，如图5所示，其中，Vmea是光伏发电系统机端电压的测量值，Vref是光伏发电系统机端电压的参考值，Tr是测量时间常数，TC是控制时间常数，Kpv、Kiv分别是比例系数和积分系数，Qmax1、Qmin1分别是积分环节输出的上限和下限，Qmax2、Qmin2分别是控制输出的上限和下限，Qcmd是无功/电压控制环的输出。ΔP’out参与光伏发电系统的模型运算，以起到抑制电力系统低频振荡的效果。Step 8: Superimpose ΔPout on the reference value of the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system, as shown in Figure 5, where Vmea is the measured value of the terminal voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system, and Vref is the terminal voltage of the photovoltaic power generation system The reference value of the voltage, Tr is the measurement time constant, TC is the control time constant, Kpv, Kiv are the proportional coefficient and integral coefficient respectively, Qmax1, Qmin1 are the upper limit and lower limit of the output of the integral link, Qmax2, Qmin2 are the upper limit of the control output and lower limit, Qcmd is the output of the var/voltage control loop. ΔP'out participates in the model calculation of the photovoltaic power generation system to suppress the low-frequency oscillation of the power system.
步骤9：建立光伏电站接入电力系统的仿真分析算例模型。Step 9: Establish a simulation analysis example model for photovoltaic power station access to the power system.
步骤10：对于步骤9建立的模型分别进行光伏发电抑制低频振荡控制器投入前和投入后的模态分析，得到系统的特征根实部和阻尼比数值。若控制器投入后，特征根向复平面(s平面)的左半平面移动，且阻尼比增大，就从频域分析中说明了控制器的有效作用；否则说明控制器无效。Step 10: For the model established in step 9, perform modal analysis before and after the photovoltaic power generation suppression low-frequency oscillation controller is put into operation, and obtain the real part of the characteristic root and the value of the damping ratio of the system. If the characteristic root moves to the left half plane of the complex plane (s-plane) after the controller is put into use, and the damping ratio increases, it shows that the controller is effective from the frequency domain analysis; otherwise, the controller is invalid.
步骤11：对于步骤9建立的模型分别进行光伏发电抑制低频振荡控制器投入前和投入后的时域仿真分析，即设置扰动，观察控制器的效果。若控制器投入后，振荡现象得到了抑制(振荡次数少了，振荡较快得到平息或衰减)，就从时域分析中说明了控制器的有效作用；否则说明控制器无效。Step 11: For the model established in step 9, perform time-domain simulation analysis before and after the input of the photovoltaic power generation suppression low-frequency oscillation controller, that is, set the disturbance and observe the effect of the controller. If the oscillation phenomenon is suppressed after the controller is put into use (the number of oscillations is reduced, and the oscillation is quickly subsided or attenuated), it shows the effective function of the controller from the time domain analysis; otherwise, the controller is invalid.
所述步骤1中，对于光伏电站并网点，若光伏电站有升压站，指升压站高压侧母线或节点，若光伏电站无升压站，指光伏电站的输出汇总点。对于获得的测量数据，需要对其进行低通滤波处理，滤波器的截止频率一般为10Hz左右。In the step 1, for the grid connection point of the photovoltaic power station, if the photovoltaic power station has a booster station, it refers to the high-voltage side busbar or node of the booster station; if the photovoltaic power station does not have a booster station, it refers to the output aggregation point of the photovoltaic power station. For the obtained measurement data, it needs to be processed by low-pass filtering, and the cut-off frequency of the filter is generally about 10 Hz.
所述步骤2中的光伏电站并网点的有功功率参考值一般为其稳态工况下的初值，可由潮流计算结果提供。The active power reference value of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station in the step 2 is generally its initial value under steady-state conditions, which can be provided by the power flow calculation results.
所述步骤3中，Tw的取值范围通常为4～8。In the step 3, the value range of Tw is usually 4-8.
所述步骤4中，T1和T2的具体取值根据需要补偿的相位计算确定。In the step 4, the specific values of T1 and T2 are determined according to the calculation of the phase to be compensated.
所述步骤5中，T3和T4的具体取值根据需要补偿的相位计算确定。In the step 5, the specific values of T3 and T4 are determined according to the calculation of the phase to be compensated.
所述步骤6中，K一般为大于1的正值，但也可小于1。In step 6, K is generally a positive value greater than 1, but may also be less than 1.
所述步骤7中，Limit_max一般为5％，Limit_min一般为-5％。In the step 7, Limit_max is generally 5%, and Limit_min is generally -5%.
所述步骤8中，光伏发电系统的模型可以采用国内外典型的机电暂态仿真模型，包括美国西部电力协调委员会WECC、通用电气GE、中国国家标准中发布或提出的模型。它们均含有无功/电压控制环。In the step 8, the model of the photovoltaic power generation system can adopt typical electromechanical transient simulation models at home and abroad, including models issued or proposed by Western Electric Power Coordinating Council WECC, General Electric GE, and Chinese national standards. They all contain reactive/voltage control loops.
所述步骤9中，可以在常见的电力系统仿真分析软件，如DIgSILENTPowerFactory、PSS/E、PSASP、BPA、MATLAB中建立光伏电站接入电力系统的仿真分析算例模型，算例系统可以采用典型的两区域四机系统或者依托实际工程系统。In the step 9, the simulation analysis example model of the photovoltaic power station connected to the power system can be established in common power system simulation analysis software, such as DIgSILENTPowerFactory, PSS/E, PSASP, BPA, MATLAB, and the example system can use a typical Two-area four-machine system or relying on actual engineering systems.
所述步骤10中不需设置扰动，只需分别在控制器投入或不投入情况下进行模态分析，常用的电力系统仿真分析软件均具备模态分析功能，如DIgSILENT PowerFactory、PSS/E、PSASP、BPA。In step 10, no disturbance needs to be set, and only the modal analysis needs to be carried out when the controller is turned on or not turned on. Commonly used power system simulation analysis software has modal analysis functions, such as DIgSILENT PowerFactory, PSS/E, PSASP , BPA.
所述步骤11中，扰动设置一般可以考虑短路、切除一条线路、电压参考值阶跃等形式。In the step 11, the disturbance setting can generally take forms such as short circuit, cut off of a line, voltage reference value step and so on.
实施例二Embodiment two
图1是一个光伏电站接入系统算例结构示意图，该算例系统是在国内外常用的用于研究低频振荡问题的两区域四机系统基础上增加了光伏电站的接入。图2是低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型图，该控制模型包含一个隔直环节、两个超前-滞后环节、一个比例放大环节和一个限幅环节，可用于不同低频振荡现象的抑制。表1是未投/投入低频振荡控制器时的模态分析结果对比表，图4是系统发生短路工况下未投/投入低频振荡控制器时的时域仿真结果对比图。从表1和图4可以看出，投入本发明设计的基于无功调制的光伏发电系统低频振荡控制器后，系统阻尼得到了增大，振荡得到了抑制，系统稳定性得到了提升。验证了本发明提出的低频振荡抑制方法的有效性和实用性，表1如下：Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic power station access system example. The example system is based on the two-region four-machine system commonly used at home and abroad for the study of low-frequency oscillation problems, and the access of photovoltaic power stations is added. Figure 2 is a diagram of the control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device. The control model includes a DC blocking link, two lead-lag links, a proportional amplification link and a limiting link, which can be used to suppress different low-frequency oscillation phenomena. Table 1 is a comparison table of modal analysis results when the low-frequency oscillation controller is not turned on/on, and Figure 4 is a comparison chart of time-domain simulation results when the low-frequency oscillation controller is not turned on/on under the short-circuit condition of the system. It can be seen from Table 1 and Figure 4 that after the low-frequency oscillation controller of the photovoltaic power generation system based on reactive power modulation designed in the present invention is used, the system damping is increased, the oscillation is suppressed, and the system stability is improved. Validation and practicability of the low-frequency oscillation suppression method proposed by the present invention have been verified, and table 1 is as follows:
表1未投/投入低频振荡控制器时的模态分析结果对比表Table 1 Comparison table of modal analysis results when the low-frequency oscillation controller is not turned on/on
实施例三、Embodiment three,
基于同样的发明构思，本发明还提供一种光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制系统，包括：Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a control system for photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillations, including:
限幅环节计算模块，用于将设定的光伏电站并网点参数输入至预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型中，计算限幅环节信号值；The limiting link calculation module is used to input the set grid-connected point parameters of the photovoltaic power station into the pre-established control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device, and calculate the limiting link signal value;
无功/电压控制环运算模块，用于将所述限幅环节信号值叠加在光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环参考值上，作为新的参考值，并对所述新的参考值进行进入无功/电压控制环运算；The reactive power/voltage control loop calculation module is used to superimpose the signal value of the limiting link on the reactive power/voltage control loop reference value of the photovoltaic power generation system as a new reference value, and perform Enter reactive power/voltage control loop operation;
所述预先建立的低频振荡抑制装置的控制模型包括隔直环节、两个超前-滞后环节、比例环节和限幅环节。The pre-established control model of the low-frequency oscillation suppression device includes a DC blocking link, two lead-lag links, a proportional link and a limiting link.
所述限幅环节计算模块，包括：The limiting link calculation module includes:
设定单元，用于根据所述有功功率幅值和预先设定的有功功率参考值计算标幺值；A setting unit, configured to calculate the per unit value according to the active power amplitude and a preset active power reference value;
输入单元，用于将所述标幺值输入至隔直环节中得到高通滤波信号；The input unit is used to input the per unit value into the DC blocking link to obtain a high-pass filter signal;
第一获得单元，用于将所述高通滤波信号输入至第一个超前-滞后环节后得到一次移相输出信号；The first obtaining unit is configured to input the high-pass filtered signal to the first lead-lag link to obtain a phase-shifted output signal;
第二获得单元，用于将所述一次移相输出信号信号输入至第二个超前-滞后环节后得到二次移相输出信号；The second obtaining unit is configured to input the primary phase-shifted output signal to the second lead-lag link to obtain a secondary phase-shifted output signal;
第三获得单元，用于将所述二次移相输出信号输入至比例环节后得到比例放大信号；The third obtaining unit is used to obtain the proportional amplification signal after inputting the second phase-shift output signal to the proportional link;
第四获得单元，用于将所述比例放大信号输入至限幅环节后得到控制输出信号值。The fourth obtaining unit is configured to obtain the value of the control output signal after inputting the proportional amplified signal to the limiting link.
所述系统还包括：建立模块，用于建立机电暂态并网仿真分析模型，验证所述控制方法的有效性。The system also includes: an establishment module for establishing an electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model to verify the effectiveness of the control method.
进一步地：所述建立模块，包括：Further: the building module includes:
构建单元，用于建立光伏电站接入电力系统的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型；Construction unit, used to establish the electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model for photovoltaic power station access to the power system;
第一验证单元，用于对所述建立的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型分别进行采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法和不采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法的模态分析，检验所述控制方法的有效性；The first verification unit is used to perform modal analysis on the established electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model of the control method using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation and the control method not using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillation, and verify the the effectiveness of the control methods;
第二验证单元，用于对所述建立的机电暂态并网仿真分析模型分别进行采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法和不采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法的时域仿真分析，检验所述控制方法的有效性。The second verification unit is used to perform time-domain simulation analysis of the established electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model using the control method of photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillations and the control method of not using photovoltaic power generation to suppress low-frequency oscillations, and the inspection institute effectiveness of the control methods described above.
进一步地：所述第一验证单元还用于：Further: the first verification unit is also used for:
采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法时，机电暂态并网仿真分析模型中的特征根向复平面的左半平面移动，且阻尼比增大，则所述控制方法有效；否则无效。When the control method of photovoltaic power generation suppressing low-frequency oscillation is adopted, the characteristic root in the electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model moves to the left half plane of the complex plane, and the damping ratio increases, then the control method is effective; otherwise, it is invalid.
进一步地：所述第一验证单元还用于：Further: the first verification unit is also used for:
若采用光伏发电抑制低频振荡的控制方法后，机电暂态并网仿真分析模型的振荡现象得到抑制，则所述控制方法有效；否则无效。If the vibration phenomenon of the electromechanical transient grid-connected simulation analysis model is suppressed after the control method for suppressing low-frequency oscillation of photovoltaic power generation is adopted, the control method is valid; otherwise, it is invalid.
本发明具体实施方式以光伏电站接入系统为例，同样也适用于风电场等接入电力系统的低频振荡抑制问题。本发明提出的利用光伏发电系统自身无功输出能力的抑制电力系统低频振荡方法，避免了现有方法采用有功功率对发电能力的影响，在保证技术性能的同时，有效提高了光伏电站经济效益。通过在光伏发电系统的无功/电压控制环叠加阻尼低频振荡控制器，跟常规的火电、水电机组抑制低频振荡机理类似，物理概念清晰，简便易用，便于不同知识层次的电力行业工程师和科研工作者掌握和使用。本发明所述方法具备通用性，容易扩展应用至风力发电系统及其他类似系统的低频振荡抑制问题，应用前景广阔。The specific embodiment of the present invention takes the access system of a photovoltaic power station as an example, and is also applicable to the low-frequency oscillation suppression problem of accessing a power system such as a wind farm. The method for suppressing the low-frequency oscillation of the power system by using the reactive power output capability of the photovoltaic power generation system proposed by the present invention avoids the influence of the existing method on the power generation capacity by using active power, and effectively improves the economic benefits of the photovoltaic power station while ensuring the technical performance. By superimposing the damping low-frequency oscillation controller in the reactive power/voltage control loop of the photovoltaic power generation system, it is similar to the mechanism of conventional thermal power and hydropower units to suppress low-frequency oscillation. The physical concept is clear and easy to use, which is convenient for power industry engineers and scientific research at different levels of knowledge. Workers master and use. The method of the invention has universality, can be easily extended and applied to the problem of low-frequency oscillation suppression in wind power generation systems and other similar systems, and has broad application prospects.
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to flowcharts and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each procedure and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram, and a combination of procedures and/or blocks in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or processor of other programmable data processing equipment to produce a machine such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment produce a An apparatus for realizing the functions specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions The device realizes the function specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby The instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow chart or blocks of the flowchart and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，均在申请待批的本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art can still modify or equivalently replace the specific embodiments of the present invention. , any modifications or equivalent replacements that do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention pending application.
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| CN201711384887.9ACN108233397A (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | A kind of control method and system of photovoltaic generation power oscillation damping |
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| CN108233397Atrue CN108233397A (en) | 2018-06-29 |
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| CN201711384887.9APendingCN108233397A (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | A kind of control method and system of photovoltaic generation power oscillation damping |
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