技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种3D实物打印成型技术，具体涉及一种实现快速打印的3D分块打印方法和3D分块打印系统。The invention relates to a 3D physical printing forming technology, in particular to a 3D block printing method and a 3D block printing system for realizing fast printing.
背景技术Background technique
3D打印作为目前热门的成型加工技术，有着十分广泛的应用领域，3D打印技术是一种快速成型技术，它以数字模型文件为基础，利用粉末状金属、塑料树脂等材料，采用粘结剂粘合、光固化等方法，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体。其中，常用的几种打印方法有：通过打印头向铺设的粉末材料层喷射粘合剂粘合成型；对光固化树脂采用UV光照射的光固化成型；对金属粉末的激光烧结；对热塑性粉末的激光烧结或热烧结等。3D printing, as a popular molding processing technology at present, has a very wide range of applications. 3D printing technology is a rapid prototyping technology. It is based on digital model files and uses powdered metal, plastic resin and other materials. Combining, light curing and other methods, the object is constructed by layer-by-layer printing. Among them, several commonly used printing methods are: through the print head to spray adhesive bonding molding to the laid powder material layer; for photocuring resin using UV light irradiation photocuring molding; for metal powder laser sintering; for thermoplastic powder Laser sintering or thermal sintering etc.
这些方法通常都需要采用打印头逐层打印实现。首先通过计算机建模软件建模，再将生成的三维模型切片，生成逐层的截面信息，打印机读取文件中的截面信息，用液体状、粉末状或片状的材料将这些截面逐层地打印出来，各层截面间以各种方式粘合起来，形成一个实体。These methods usually need to use a print head to print layer by layer. First, use computer modeling software to model, and then slice the generated 3D model to generate layer-by-layer cross-section information. The printer reads the cross-section information in the file, and uses liquid, powder or sheet materials to layer these cross-sections. After printing, the cross-sections of the layers are bonded in various ways to form a solid body.
但由于上述3D打印技术都是由喷头逐点送料逐点打印或者逐层送料逐层打印，打印速度受到送料装置机械运动速度的限制和逐点或逐层打印时材料的成型时间的限制。在打印制品尺寸增加时，打印所需时间按照次方甚至三次方关系增加(例如利用FDM打印制品尺寸增加为原来的两倍时，在相同的密度下，打印时间会增加为原来的八倍)。However, since the above-mentioned 3D printing technologies are all printed point by point or layer by layer, the printing speed is limited by the mechanical movement speed of the feeding device and the molding time of the material when printing point by point or layer by layer. When the size of the printed product increases, the time required for printing increases according to the power or even the cubic relationship (for example, when the size of the printed product is doubled by FDM, the printing time will increase to eight times the original at the same density) .
为加快打印速度，对喷射方式的打印，考虑增加墨滴体积和打印层厚，结果是造成打印物体的精度和分辨率下降；而受墨滴发射频率的限制，难以提高扫描速度。还可以考虑拼接多个打印头来增加单次扫描的打印宽度，但仍然受打印区域宽度的限制。此外，还有多个打印头通过旋转底座同时进行多层的打印的设计。对于光固化成型可以考虑增加光强来打印厚度，结果也会造成打印物体的精度和分辨率下降。上述这些设计本质上都是通过加大送料量或加快送料速度来提高打印速度。当生产中打印模型增大时，所需的时间仍会成倍增长。另外，上述方式只能分层打印，导致采用上述成型方式时，层间结合力受到影响。In order to speed up the printing speed, for jetting printing, consider increasing the volume of ink droplets and the thickness of the printing layer, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy and resolution of the printed object; and limited by the frequency of ink droplet emission, it is difficult to increase the scanning speed. You can also consider splicing multiple print heads to increase the printing width of a single scan, but it is still limited by the width of the printing area. In addition, there is a design in which multiple print heads simultaneously print multiple layers by rotating the base. For photo-curing molding, you can consider increasing the light intensity to print the thickness, which will also cause the accuracy and resolution of the printed object to decrease. The above-mentioned designs essentially increase the printing speed by increasing the feeding amount or speeding up the feeding speed. When printing models in production grows larger, the time required will still increase exponentially. In addition, the above method can only be printed in layers, which will affect the bonding force between layers when the above molding method is used.
因此，有必要对打印方法进行改进，改变现有技术中逐层成型的方式，以提高大型物件的打印速度并解决层间结合力问题。Therefore, it is necessary to improve the printing method and change the layer-by-layer molding method in the prior art to increase the printing speed of large objects and solve the problem of interlayer bonding.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的发明目的是提供一种实现快速打印的3D分块打印方法和3D分块打印系统，从原理上改变现有成型方法，以提高打印的速度以及消除传统成型过程中层间结合力弱的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a 3D block printing method and a 3D block printing system that realize fast printing, change the existing molding method in principle, improve the printing speed and eliminate the weak interlayer bonding force in the traditional molding process The problem.
为达到上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种实现快速打印的3D分块打印系统，包括正方体状且用于盛装待打印的复合树脂的树脂盒，树脂盒的前壁、上壁以及一个侧壁上均设置有一个固化装置，固化装置外侧设置有能够产生单色准直光束，为待打印复合树脂的固化提供能量的固化光源，固化装置用于将固化光源同步发射的光束同步扩宽后调控为所需的准直光束，并在待打印区域发生光束汇聚；通过控制准直光束在树脂盒内所有点的控温，从而使光束汇聚部分的树脂发生固化，实现3D分块打印。A 3D block printing system for fast printing, comprising a cube-shaped resin box for containing composite resin to be printed, a curing device is arranged on the front wall, the upper wall and a side wall of the resin box, the curing device The outer side is provided with a curing light source capable of generating a monochromatic collimated beam to provide energy for the curing of the composite resin to be printed. Beam convergence occurs in the area to be printed; by controlling the temperature control of the collimated beam at all points in the resin box, the resin in the beam convergence part is cured to realize 3D block printing.
固化装置包括激光扩束器和液晶屏，固化光源和树脂盒之间依次设置激光扩束器和液晶屏；The curing device includes a laser beam expander and a liquid crystal screen, and a laser beam expander and a liquid crystal screen are sequentially arranged between the curing light source and the resin box;
固化光源采用单色二极管激光器。The curing light source adopts monochromatic diode laser.
树脂盒的边长L与复合树脂对固化光源发射的光的衰减深度具有如下关系：The side length L of the resin box and the attenuation depth of the composite resin to the light emitted by the curing light source have the following relationship:
一种实现快速打印的3D分块打印方法，将含有磁性纳米颗粒的复合树脂加入到树脂盒内，开启树脂盒周围的三个同步固化光源，三个同步固化光源发射的激光经激光扩束器扩大后，再经液晶屏调整所为需要的形状，照射到树脂盒内，通过控制固化光源产生的单色准直光束控制树脂盒内待打印区域的固化成型，实现固化光源发送的光束在树脂盒内所有点的精确控温，从而使只有光束汇聚部分的树脂发生固化，实现3D分块打印。A 3D block-by-block printing method for rapid printing, adding composite resin containing magnetic nanoparticles into the resin box, turning on three synchronous curing light sources around the resin box, and the lasers emitted by the three synchronous curing light sources pass through the laser beam expander After being enlarged, adjust the desired shape through the LCD screen and irradiate into the resin box. By controlling the monochromatic collimated light beam generated by the curing light source, the curing and molding of the area to be printed in the resin box is controlled, so that the light beam sent by the curing light source is in the resin box. Precise temperature control of all points in the box, so that only the resin in the converging part of the beam is cured, realizing 3D block printing.
本发明进一步的改进在于，含有磁性纳米颗粒的复合树脂通过以下过程制得：将磁性纳米颗粒加入到热固性树脂中，混合均匀，得到复合树脂。The further improvement of the present invention lies in that the composite resin containing magnetic nanoparticles is prepared through the following process: adding magnetic nanoparticles into a thermosetting resin and mixing them uniformly to obtain a composite resin.
本发明进一步的改进在于，磁性纳米颗粒为四氧化三铁纳米棒、纳米球、金纳米棒或纳米球。The further improvement of the present invention lies in that the magnetic nanoparticles are ferric oxide nanorods, nanospheres, gold nanorods or nanospheres.
本发明进一步的改进在于，磁性纳米颗粒的粒径为1-100nm。A further improvement of the present invention lies in that the particle size of the magnetic nanoparticles is 1-100 nm.
本发明进一步的改进在于，热固性树脂中纳米颗粒的浓度为100-1023个/mL。The further improvement of the present invention lies in that the concentration of nanoparticles in the thermosetting resin is 100 -1023 /mL.
本发明进一步的改进在于，含有磁性纳米颗粒的复合树脂固化过程如下：复合树脂的热固化温度为Tg，所需固化时间为tg，复合树脂初始温度为T0，当复合树脂的任何一个点被一个光束照射到时，由于光热效应会使得该点处温度升高T1，此处温度升高至T0+T1；当复合树脂的任何一个点被两个光束照射到时，由于光热效应会使得该点温度升高2×T1，此处温度升高至T0+2×T1；当复合树脂的任何一个点被三个光束同时照射到时，由于光热效应会使得该点温度升高3×T1，此处温度升高至T0+3×T1；当在规定时间tg内满，足T0+3×T1>Tg>T0+2×T1时，则被三束光同时照射到的复合树脂发生固化。The further improvement of the present invention is that the curing process of the composite resin containing magnetic nanoparticles is as follows: the thermal curing temperature of the composite resin is Tg , the required curing time is tg , the initial temperature of the composite resin is T0 , when any one of the composite resin When a point is irradiated by a light beam, the temperature at this point will increase by T1 due to the photothermal effect, and the temperature here will rise to T0 +T1 ; when any point of the composite resin is irradiated by two light beams, due to The photothermal effect will increase the temperature of this point by 2×T1 , and the temperature here will rise to T0 +2×T1 ; when any point of the composite resin is irradiated by three beams at the same time, the photothermal effect will make the point The point temperature increases by 3×T1 , where the temperature rises to T0 +3×T1 ; when it is full within the specified time tg , T0 +3×T1 >Tg >T0 +2×T When thevalue is 1 , the composite resin irradiated by the three beams of light at the same time is cured.
本发明进一步的改进在于，单双二极管激光器的激光发射方式为脉冲发射。The further improvement of the present invention lies in that the laser emission mode of the single and dual diode lasers is pulse emission.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下的有益效果：本发明通过在正方体状树脂盒的前壁、上壁以及一个侧壁上均设置有一个固化装置，固化装置外侧设置有能够产生单色准直光束，为待打印复合树脂的固化提供能量的固化光源，固化装置用于将固化光源同步发射的光束同步扩宽后调控为所需的准直光束，并在待打印区域发生光束汇聚；通过控制准直光束在树脂盒内所有点的控温，从而使光束汇聚部分的树脂发生固化，实现3D分块打印。本发明结构简单，能够克服现有技术中逐点或逐层打印速度慢的问题。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention is provided with a curing device on the front wall, the upper wall and a side wall of the cube-shaped resin box, and the outside of the curing device is provided with a Collimated beam, a curing light source that provides energy for the curing of the composite resin to be printed, and the curing device is used to synchronously widen the beam emitted by the curing light source synchronously and adjust it to the required collimated beam, and beam convergence occurs in the area to be printed; By controlling the temperature control of the collimated beam at all points in the resin box, the resin in the beam converging part is cured to realize 3D block printing. The invention has a simple structure and can overcome the problem of slow point-by-point or layer-by-layer printing speed in the prior art.
本发明通过三个同步固化光源发出的光束经激光扩束器扩大后，再经液晶屏调整所为需要的形状，照射到树脂盒内，可以实现任意复杂的图形，再由三束激光束相交可以打印任意复杂的图形。只要是在打印容器的尺寸允许范围内，无论多大，多复杂的器件都可在复合树脂所需固化时间内打印出来。本发明可以将任意大尺寸物件的打印时间缩短到极短时间复合树脂所需固化时间tg内，即使打印物件尺寸翻倍，所需打印时间也不会增加。此外，由于打印区域同步成型，不会出现传统打印技术中层间结合力弱的问题，并提高了打印效率。In the present invention, the light beams emitted by three synchronous curing light sources are expanded by the laser beam expander, and then adjusted to the required shape through the liquid crystal screen, and then irradiated into the resin box to realize arbitrary complex graphics, and then the three laser beams intersect Graphics of arbitrary complexity can be printed. As long as it is within the size of the printing container, no matter how large or complex the device is, it can be printed within the required curing time of the composite resin. The invention can shorten the printing time of any large-sized object to within the required curing time tg of the extremely short composite resin, even if the size of the printed object is doubled, the required printing time will not increase. In addition, due to the synchronous molding of the printing area, the problem of weak bonding between layers in traditional printing technology will not occur, and the printing efficiency will be improved.
进一步的，在纳米结构的微粒收到特定光辐照时会产生光热耦合现象，这种由光热耦合的吸收效应，将吸收的热量集中于纳米尺度的颗粒中，使其成为绝好的纳米点热源，具有转化效率高、可灵活操控、高度局域化等特点，可为3D打印提供足够的固化能量，并且实现极高的分辨率和精度控制。Furthermore, when the nanostructured particles receive specific light irradiation, a photothermal coupling phenomenon will occur. This absorption effect by photothermal coupling concentrates the absorbed heat in the nanoscale particles, making it an excellent The nano-dot heat source has the characteristics of high conversion efficiency, flexible control, and high localization, which can provide sufficient curing energy for 3D printing and achieve extremely high resolution and precision control.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为金属纳米颗粒的微观尺度光热耦合效果图。Figure 1 is a photo-thermal coupling effect diagram of metal nanoparticles on a microscopic scale.
其中，图(a)为金属球温度分布图，图(b)为金属纳米棒的温度分布图，图(c)为金属纳米立方体的温度分布图，图(d)为金属纳米三棱柱的温度分布图。Wherein, figure (a) is the temperature distribution figure of metal sphere, figure (b) is the temperature distribution figure of metal nanorod, figure (c) is the temperature distribution figure of metal nanocube, figure (d) is the temperature of metal nano triangular prism Distribution.
图2为本发明提出的打印系统的俯视图。Fig. 2 is a top view of the printing system proposed by the present invention.
图3为本发明提出的打印系统的正视图。Fig. 3 is a front view of the printing system proposed by the present invention.
图4为本发明提出的打印系统的侧视图。Fig. 4 is a side view of the printing system proposed by the present invention.
图5为本发明提出的打印系统效果图。Fig. 5 is an effect diagram of the printing system proposed by the present invention.
图6为本发明提出的打印系统打印圆管时射出光束效果图。Fig. 6 is an effect diagram of the beam emitted by the printing system proposed by the present invention when printing a round tube.
图7为本发明提出的打印系统打印圆管时光束汇聚区域效果图。Fig. 7 is an effect diagram of the beam convergence area when the printing system proposed by the present invention prints a round tube.
图8为本发明提出的打印系统打印类螺母形状时射出光束效果图。Fig. 8 is an effect diagram of the emitted light beam when the printing system proposed by the present invention prints a nut-like shape.
图9为本发明提出的打印系统打印类螺母形状时光束汇聚区域效果图。FIG. 9 is an effect diagram of the beam convergence area when the printing system proposed by the present invention prints a nut-like shape.
图10为本发明提出的打印系统打印三圆柱相交形状时射出光束效果图。FIG. 10 is an effect diagram of the beam emitted by the printing system proposed by the present invention when printing the intersection shape of three cylinders.
图11为本发明提出的打印系统打印三圆柱相交形状时光束汇聚区域效果图。Fig. 11 is an effect diagram of the beam convergence area when the printing system proposed by the present invention prints the intersection shape of three cylinders.
图12为本发明提出的打印系统打印某复杂形状时射出光束效果图。Fig. 12 is an effect diagram of the beam emitted by the printing system proposed by the present invention when printing a complex shape.
图13为本发明提出的打印系统打印上述复杂形状时光束汇聚区域效果图。FIG. 13 is an effect diagram of the beam convergence area when the printing system proposed by the present invention prints the above-mentioned complex shape.
图14为本发明提出的打印系统打印针头形状时射出光束效果图。FIG. 14 is an effect diagram of the emitted light beam when the printing system proposed by the present invention prints the shape of the needle head.
图15为本发明提出的打印系统打印针头形状时光束汇聚区域效果图。Fig. 15 is an effect diagram of the beam convergence area when the printing system proposed by the present invention prints the shape of the needle head.
其中，1为树脂盒，2-1为第一固化光源，2-2为第二固化光源，2-3为第三固化光源，3-1为第一固化装置，3-2为第二固化装置，3-3为第三固化装置，1-1为第一激光扩束器，1-2为第二激光扩束器，1-3为第三激光扩束器。Among them, 1 is the resin box, 2-1 is the first curing light source, 2-2 is the second curing light source, 2-3 is the third curing light source, 3-1 is the first curing device, 3-2 is the second curing light source 3-3 is the third curing device, 1-1 is the first laser beam expander, 1-2 is the second laser beam expander, and 1-3 is the third laser beam expander.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例和附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明，本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明，并不作为对本发明的限定。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples and accompanying drawings. As a limitation of the present invention.
参见图1，本发明的实现快速打印的3D分块打印系统，包括Referring to Fig. 1, the 3D block printing system realizing fast printing of the present invention includes
三个同步固化光源：用于产生单色准直光，为待打印复合树脂的固化提供能量；Three synchronous curing light sources: used to generate monochromatic collimated light to provide energy for curing the composite resin to be printed;
三个独立固化装置：分别用于将三个同步固化光源发射的光束扩宽后进行调控成为所需横截面的准直光束，并在待打印区域发生光束汇聚；固化装置由计算机控制程序控制(图中未画出计算机控制系统)Three independent curing devices: respectively used to widen the beams emitted by the three synchronous curing light sources and adjust them into collimated beams of the required cross-section, and beam convergence occurs in the area to be printed; the curing device is controlled by a computer control program ( The computer control system is not shown in the figure)
树脂盒：用于盛装待打印的复合树脂，并且能够透过固化光源发射的光束；Resin box: used to contain the composite resin to be printed, and can pass through the light beam emitted by the curing light source;
复合树脂在固化装置作用下完成固化，形成所需的任意复杂结构。The composite resin is cured under the action of the curing device to form any complex structure required.
本发明中树脂盒为正方体状，三个同步固化光源设置在树脂盒的三个面外侧，具体的，一个设置在树脂盒前壁外侧，一个设置在上壁外侧，第三个设置在一个侧壁外壁，每个固化光源与树脂盒之间设置有固化装置，固化装置包括激光扩束器和液晶屏，固化光源和树脂盒之间依次设置激光扩束器和液晶屏，液晶屏贴合在树脂盒壁上；固化装置用于将固化光源同步发射的光束同步扩宽后调控为所需的准直光束，并在待打印区域发生光束汇聚；通过控制固化光源产生的高强度(强度选择根据打印的具体参数求得)、高准直(准直度决定了打印精度，越高越好)单色准直光束来精确控制待打印区域的固化成型，利用了该固化光源在复合树脂中的热耗散较低和强度衰减弱特征，实现光源在树脂盒内所有点的精确控温，从而实现了有且只有光束汇聚部分的树脂发生固化，实现3D分块打印。In the present invention, the resin box is in the shape of a cube, and three synchronous curing light sources are arranged on the outside of the three surfaces of the resin box. Specifically, one is arranged on the outside of the front wall of the resin box, one is arranged on the outside of the upper wall, and the third is arranged on one side. On the outer wall of the wall, a curing device is arranged between each curing light source and the resin box. The curing device includes a laser beam expander and a liquid crystal screen. A laser beam expander and a liquid crystal screen are arranged in sequence between the curing light source and the resin box. On the wall of the resin box; the curing device is used to synchronously widen the beam emitted by the curing light source and adjust it to the required collimated beam, and the beam converges in the area to be printed; by controlling the high intensity generated by the curing light source (intensity selection according to Printing specific parameters), high collimation (collimation determines the printing accuracy, the higher the better) monochromatic collimated beam to precisely control the curing of the area to be printed, using the curing light source in the composite resin The characteristics of low heat dissipation and weak intensity attenuation realize the precise temperature control of the light source at all points in the resin box, so that the resin with and only the beam converging part is cured, and 3D block printing is realized.
所述的固化光源采用单色二极管激光器，通过采用单色二极管激光器为复合树脂的固化过程提供高功率密度的匀化固化光源，有利于复合树脂固化均匀性的保持。The curing light source adopts a monochromatic diode laser. By using the monochromatic diode laser to provide a homogeneous curing light source with high power density for the curing process of the composite resin, it is beneficial to maintain the curing uniformity of the composite resin.
所述树脂盒用于盛装用于3D打印的复合树脂，树脂盒的壁对固化光源发射的光透光。树脂盒的边长L与由复合树脂对固化光源发射的光的衰减深度决定，具体有的制约关系。The resin box is used to contain composite resin for 3D printing, and the wall of the resin box is transparent to the light emitted by the curing light source. The side length L of the resin box and the attenuation depth of the light emitted by the composite resin to the curing light source decide, specifically restrictive relationship.
用于打印的复合树脂由热固性树脂与具有光热耦合效应的尺度形貌均匀的纳米颗粒混合而成，所述热固性树脂对固化光源波长的光透明，所述纳米颗粒对固化光源发射的光有显著的光热耦合效应。The composite resin used for printing is composed of thermosetting resin mixed with nano-particles with uniform scale and shape with photothermal coupling effect. Significant photothermal coupling effect.
具体的，如图2至3所示，本发明的快速3D分块打印系统包括：设置在树脂盒的前方、侧方以及上方的三个向树脂盒发射的同步固化光源，分别为第一固化光源2-1、第二固化光源2-2和第三固化光源2-3：用于产生同步脉冲激光，对复合树脂中的金纳米棒进行加热；三个同步光源出射端分别连接有三个激光扩束器，分别为第一激光扩束器3-1、第二激光扩束器3-2和第三激光扩束器3-3；三个激光扩束器用于将固化光源的光束扩宽为均匀且准直的宽光束，每个激光扩束器出射端还放置着三个独立红外液晶屏，分别为第一红外液晶屏4-1、第二红外液晶屏4-2和第三红外液晶屏4-3，三个独立红外液晶屏由计算机控制，用于调制扩宽后的光束的出射形状；Specifically, as shown in Figures 2 to 3, the rapid 3D block printing system of the present invention includes: three synchronous curing light sources that are arranged in front, side and above the resin box to emit to the resin box, respectively for the first curing Light source 2-1, second curing light source 2-2 and third curing light source 2-3: used to generate synchronous pulsed lasers to heat the gold nanorods in the composite resin; the output ends of the three synchronous light sources are respectively connected to three lasers The beam expanders are respectively the first laser beam expander 3-1, the second laser beam expander 3-2 and the third laser beam expander 3-3; the three laser beam expanders are used to broaden the beam of the curing light source For a uniform and collimated wide beam, three independent infrared LCD screens are placed at the exit end of each laser beam expander, which are the first infrared LCD screen 4-1, the second infrared LCD screen 4-2 and the third infrared LCD screen 4-1. LCD screen 4-3, three independent infrared LCD screens are controlled by computer and used to modulate the output shape of the widened beam;
树脂盒1：用于盛装用于3D打印的复合树脂，经三个固化装置调制的固化光束在树脂盒中发生三束光汇聚的区域温度被加热到固化温度以上并在树脂的固化时间内发生均匀固化，未被三束光同时汇聚到的地方温度低于固化温度，不会再固化时间内发生固化。Resin box 1: It is used to hold the composite resin for 3D printing. The curing beam modulated by three curing devices will be heated in the area where the three beams converge in the resin box. The temperature is heated above the curing temperature and occurs within the curing time of the resin. Uniform curing, the temperature of the place where the three beams of light are not converged at the same time is lower than the curing temperature, and the curing will not occur within the curing time.
本发明中每个固化光源能发射足够高的准直性和足够高的功率的近红外波段激光。In the present invention, each curing light source can emit near-infrared band laser with sufficiently high collimation and sufficiently high power.
本发明中每个激光扩束器能将固化光源发射的波长的激光束扩至足够宽(光束直径决定着打印物件的尺寸)。Each laser beam expander in the present invention can expand the laser beam of the wavelength emitted by the curing light source to a sufficient width (the diameter of the beam determines the size of the printed object).
本发明中每个液晶屏大小应与上述激光扩束器出射的激光束大小匹配，液晶屏能对近红外波段激光进行遮挡或透过。所述红外液晶材料的液晶屏应与控制系统连接，通过控制系统控制液晶显示屏的遮光面及透光面来控制射出的激光束的形状。In the present invention, the size of each liquid crystal screen should match the size of the laser beam emitted by the above-mentioned laser beam expander, and the liquid crystal screen can block or transmit the near-infrared band laser. The liquid crystal screen of the infrared liquid crystal material should be connected with the control system, and the shape of the emitted laser beam can be controlled by controlling the light-shielding surface and the light-transmitting surface of the liquid crystal display screen through the control system.
将三束光分别称为X光束、Y光束和Z光束，X、Y、Z光束的能量密度相同。The three beams of light are respectively called X beam, Y beam and Z beam, and the energy densities of the X, Y and Z beams are the same.
本发明中复合树脂通过以下过程制得：将磁性纳米颗粒加入到热固性树脂中，混合均匀，得到复合树脂。其中，热固性树脂中纳米颗粒的浓度为100-1023个/mL。磁性纳米颗粒为粒径为1-100nm四氧化三铁纳米棒、纳米球、金纳米棒或纳米球。具体的磁性纳米颗粒浓度以及物质根据具体打印要求确定。In the present invention, the composite resin is prepared through the following process: adding magnetic nanoparticles into the thermosetting resin and mixing them uniformly to obtain the composite resin. Wherein, the concentration of nanoparticles in the thermosetting resin is 100 -1023 /mL. The magnetic nanoparticles are ferric oxide nanorods, nanospheres, gold nanorods or nanospheres with particle diameters of 1-100nm. The specific magnetic nanoparticle concentration and substance are determined according to specific printing requirements.
在实际应用中，可由以下步骤确定具体工艺参数：In practical application, the specific process parameters can be determined by the following steps:
第一步：根据待打印物件的具体要求(结构性能，力学性能，光学性能等不同方面性能)选取打印过程所选用的原材料树脂种类；Step 1: Select the type of raw material resin used in the printing process according to the specific requirements of the object to be printed (structural properties, mechanical properties, optical properties, etc.);
第二步：根据第一步选定树脂的透光窗口波段选择具体波长的固化光源；Step 2: Select a curing light source with a specific wavelength according to the light transmission window band of the selected resin in the first step;
第三步：根据第二步选定固化光源波长确定纳米颗粒的成分、形状、尺寸(能对该波长光产生光热耦合的纳米颗粒)；The third step: according to the wavelength of the curing light source selected in the second step, determine the composition, shape, and size of the nanoparticles (nanoparticles that can generate photothermal coupling to the wavelength of light);
第四步：根据第一步选定树脂的固化温度和第三步选定纳米颗粒的光热耦合系数选择纳米颗粒的浓度和固化光源的功率。Step 4: Select the concentration of nanoparticles and the power of the curing light source according to the curing temperature of the resin selected in the first step and the photothermal coupling coefficient of the nanoparticles selected in the third step.
下面通过一个具体实施例进行详细说明。复合树脂材料通过以下过程制得：将磁性纳米颗粒加入到热固性树脂中，超声混合均匀，得到复合树脂材料，其中，热固性树脂在100℃下的固化时间为10min，对808nm近红外光的衰减深度为50cm，将28nm×8nm的金纳米棒加入到热固性树脂中，经超声震荡混合均匀后，装入20*20*20cm的树脂盒中；热固性树脂中金纳米棒的浓度为5×1012个/mL。A detailed description will be given below through a specific embodiment. The composite resin material is prepared by the following process: adding magnetic nanoparticles into the thermosetting resin, and ultrasonically mixing to obtain a composite resin material. 50cm, add 28nm×8nm gold nanorods into the thermosetting resin, mix them evenly by ultrasonic vibration, and put them into a 20*20*20cm resin box; the concentration of gold nanorods in the thermosetting resin is 5×1012 /mL.
复合树脂材料固化过程如下：复合树脂材料的热固化温度为Tg，所需固化时间为tg，复合树脂初始温度为T0，当复合树脂的任何一个点被一个光束照射到时，由于光热效应会使得该点处温度升高T1，此处温度升高至T0+T1；当复合树脂的任何一个点被两个光束照射到时，由于光热效应会使得该点温度升高2×T1，此处温度升高至T0+2×T1；当复合树脂的任何一个点被三个光束同时照射到时，由于光热效应会使得该点温度升高3×T1，此处温度升高至T0+3×T1；当在规定时间tg内满，足T0+3×T1>Tg>T0+2×T1时，则被三束光同时照射到的复合树脂发生固化。The curing process of the composite resin material is as follows: the thermal curing temperature of the composite resin material is Tg , the required curing time is tg , and the initial temperature of the composite resin is T0 . When any point of the composite resin is irradiated by a light beam, due to the light The thermal effect will increase the temperature at this point by T1 , and the temperature here will increase to T0 +T1 ; when any point of the composite resin is irradiated by two light beams, the temperature of this point will increase by 2 due to the photothermal effect ×T1 , where the temperature rises to T0 +2×T1 ; when any point of the composite resin is irradiated by three light beams at the same time, the temperature of the point will increase by 3×T1 due to the photothermal effect, and this temperature rises to T0 +3×T1 ; when T0 +3×T1 >Tg >T0 +2×T1 is satisfied within the specified time tg , it will be irradiated by three beams of light at the same time The resulting composite resin is cured.
由于打印成型的区域为三个方向的光束汇聚到的区域，因此在获取待打印物体的三维结构后，首先通过计算机进行建模，然后将物体划分为尽可能少的若干个块状区域；所划分的块状区域有以下特征：块状区域能被其三视图为截面的三个正交光束所汇聚而成；具体操作如下，建模得到每个块状区域相应的X、Y、Z三个方向的投影图，控制前面、侧面、上面的三块液晶屏，使其透光部分分别为该块体区域的X、Y、Z方向的投影图(即使得X、Y、Z三束光的横截面为块体区域的投影图)，则X、Y、Z三束光束在且只在待打印区域发生汇聚，使待打印区域的温度升高到Tg以上，并保持此温度tg时间，从而实现了待打印区域的热固化；将待打印物体划分为若干个由X、Y、Z三个相互正交的柱体相交构成的块状区域，即每一个块状区域都能够被X、Y、Z方向的三个光束所打印。Since the printed area is the area where the light beams in three directions converge, after obtaining the three-dimensional structure of the object to be printed, it is firstly modeled by a computer, and then the object is divided into as few block areas as possible; The divided block area has the following characteristics: the block area can be converged by three orthogonal light beams whose three views are cross-sections; the specific operation is as follows, and the corresponding X, Y, Z three Three directions of projection diagrams, control the front, side, and top three LCD screens, so that the light-transmitting parts are the projection diagrams in the X, Y, and Z directions of the block area (that is, the three beams of light X, Y, and Z are obtained) The cross-section of the block area is the projection map of the block area), then the three beams of X, Y, and Z converge in and only in the area to be printed, so that the temperature of the area to be printed is raised above Tg , and this temperature tg is maintained Time, so as to realize the thermal curing of the area to be printed; the object to be printed is divided into several block areas formed by the intersection of three mutually orthogonal cylinders X, Y, and Z, that is, each block area can be Printed by three light beams in X, Y, and Z directions.
具体的，将待打印物体的数字模型进行分析，将物体划分为若干个由X、Y、Z三个相互正交的柱体相交构成的块状区域，即每一个块状区域都可以被X、Y、Z三个光束所打印。例如打印a×b×c长方体块时，则只需将此长方形块分为一个块体，设置Z光束为a×b的矩形光束，设置Y光束为b×c的矩形光束，设置X光束为a×c的矩形光束；例如打印外半径为R，内半径为r，壁厚为d＝(R-r)，总高度为h，底厚也为d＝(R-r)的水桶形状，则需将此水桶形状分为两个块区，一部分为直径为R，厚为d＝(R-r)的圆盘形底，和高度h-d，内外半径分别为R和r的圆筒形壁，并对这两部分分别进行打印：打印圆盘底部时设置Z光束为半径为R的圆光束，设置Y光束为2R×d的矩形光束，设置X光束为2R×d的矩形光束，打印圆筒时设置Z光束为内外半径分别为R和r的圆环光束，设置Y光束为2R×(h-d)的矩形光束，设置X光束为2R×(h-d)的矩形光束；更为复杂的形状则划分为更多的块体部分进行打印。Specifically, the digital model of the object to be printed is analyzed, and the object is divided into several block areas formed by the intersection of three mutually orthogonal cylinders X, Y, and Z, that is, each block area can be X , Y, Z three beams printed. For example, when printing an a×b×c cuboid block, you only need to divide the rectangular block into one block, set the Z beam as the rectangular beam of a×b, set the Y beam as the rectangular beam of b×c, and set the X beam as Rectangular beam of a×c; for example, to print a bucket shape whose outer radius is R, inner radius is r, wall thickness is d=(R-r), total height is h, bottom thickness is also d=(R-r), then this The shape of the bucket is divided into two blocks, a part is diameter R, a disc-shaped bottom with a thickness of d=(R-r), and a height h-d, the inner and outer radii are respectively R and r cylindrical walls, and the two parts Print separately: when printing the bottom of the disk, set the Z beam to be a circular beam with a radius of R, set the Y beam to be a 2R×d rectangular beam, set the X beam to be a 2R×d rectangular beam, and set the Z beam to be Ring beams with inner and outer radii of R and r respectively, set the Y beam as a 2R×(h-d) rectangular beam, and set the X beam as a 2R×(h-d) rectangular beam; more complex shapes are divided into more blocks The body part is printed.
为保证分块打印时整个物体固化具有同步性，将单双二极管激光器激光发射方式设置为脉冲发射，物体分为N块打印时，则将N步脉冲所需时间设置为一个周期，在一个周期内的N步脉冲激光束分别照射物体的N个待打印部分，由于脉冲时间较短但激光能量很高，可以近似认为下一周期脉冲激光束照射物体待打印部分时这部分的纳米颗粒还保持在较高的温度T>Tg，因此各个部分都会在tg时间内发生固化，保证了分块打印时物体固化成型的同步性，从而保证了更加优异的结构性能。In order to ensure that the solidification of the entire object is synchronized when printing in blocks, the laser emission mode of the single and double diode lasers is set to pulse emission. The N-step pulsed laser beams in the process respectively irradiate the N parts of the object to be printed. Since the pulse time is short but the laser energy is high, it can be approximately considered that the nanoparticles in this part will still remain At a higher temperature T>Tg , each part will be solidified within tg time, which ensures the synchronization of solidification and molding of objects during block printing, thereby ensuring more excellent structural properties.
本发明通过控制系统对光发射系统中的液晶屏遮光部分和透光部分的控制，调制扩增激光光束可以实现任意复杂的图形，在由三束激光束相交可以打印任意复杂的图形。只要是在打印容器的尺寸允许范围内，无论多大，多复杂的器件都可在打印所需时间ttot＝tg时间内被打印出来。用3D打印物体简单的块状部分(a×b×c)作对比可以发现：传统单点送料时(例如FDM)，若单位时间内喷口送料体积V，则打印所需时间为ttot＝a×b×c÷V；传统面送料时(例如LOM，SLA，SLS，SLM，3DP等)，若单层固化或烧结时间为ts，层精度δ，则打印所需时间ttot＝ts×c÷δ。而一般tg与Tg有关，Tg越高tg越短，可以选择较大功率的激光器和合适的热敏树脂使得tg为一个极短的时间。The present invention controls the light-shielding part and the light-transmitting part of the liquid crystal screen in the light emitting system through the control system, modulates and amplifies the laser beam to realize arbitrary complex graphics, and can print arbitrary complex graphics when three laser beams intersect. As long as it is within the allowable range of the size of the printing container, no matter how big or complex the device is, it can be printed within the required printing time ttot =tg . Compared with the simple block part (a×b×c) of the 3D printed object, it can be found that in traditional single-point feeding (such as FDM), if the nozzle feeding volume V per unit time, the time required for printing is ttot = a ×b×c÷V; for traditional surface feeding (such as LOM, SLA, SLS, SLM, 3DP, etc.), if the single-layer curing or sintering time is ts and the layer accuracy is δ, then the time required for printing is ttot = ts ×c÷δ. Generally, tg is related to Tg . The higher the Tg , the shorter the tg . You can choose a higher power laser and a suitable thermosensitive resin to make tg a very short time.
从图1可以看出，在纳米结构的微粒收到特定光辐照时会产生光热耦合现象，这种由光热耦合的吸收效应，将吸收的热量集中于纳米尺度的颗粒中，使其成为绝好的纳米点热源，具有转化效率高、可灵活操控、高度局域化等特点，可为3D打印提供足够的固化能量，并且实现极高的分辨率和精度控制。It can be seen from Figure 1 that when the nano-structured particles receive specific light irradiation, a photothermal coupling phenomenon will occur. This absorption effect by photothermal coupling concentrates the absorbed heat in the nanoscale particles, making them It has become an excellent nano-dot heat source, with the characteristics of high conversion efficiency, flexible control, and high localization. It can provide sufficient curing energy for 3D printing, and achieve extremely high resolution and precision control.
从图2至图5可以看出，本发明的打印系统的结构比较简单。打印过程中没有任何零件有机械运动，只需对液晶屏透光部分进行控制即可打印出所需形状的物件。It can be seen from FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 that the structure of the printing system of the present invention is relatively simple. There is no mechanical movement of any parts during the printing process, only the light-transmitting part of the LCD screen can be controlled to print out the desired shape of the object.
从图6、图7可以看出，待打印部分为圆管时，只需控制三束光分别为光环光束、方形光束、方形光束，即可打印出精度极高的圆管。It can be seen from Figure 6 and Figure 7 that when the part to be printed is a round tube, it is only necessary to control three beams of light to be a halo beam, a square beam, and a square beam to print a round tube with high precision.
从图8、图9可以看出，待打印部分为类螺母形状时，只需控制三束光分别为螺母形光束、矩形光束、矩形光束，即可打印出精度极高的类螺母形状，在经简单攻丝后即可作为模具或样品使用。It can be seen from Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 that when the part to be printed is in the shape of a nut, you only need to control the three beams of light to be a nut-shaped beam, a rectangular beam, and a rectangular beam to print out a nut-like shape with high precision. After simple tapping, it can be used as a mold or sample.
从图10、图11可以看出，待打印部分为三圆柱相交形状时，只需控制三束光分别为圆柱形光束、圆柱形光束、圆柱形光束，即可打印出复杂度和精度极高的三圆柱相交形状，这是传统3D打印非常难实现的复杂几何形状。It can be seen from Figure 10 and Figure 11 that when the part to be printed is in the shape of three cylinders intersecting, it is only necessary to control the three beams of light to be a cylindrical beam, a cylindrical beam, and a cylindrical beam, and the printing can be printed with extremely high complexity and precision. The intersecting shape of three cylinders is a complex geometric shape that is very difficult to achieve with traditional 3D printing.
从图12、图13可以看出，待打印部分为某复杂形状时，只需控制三束光分别为棱形光束、圆柱形光束、方形光束，即可打印出复杂度和精度极高的特殊形状，说明只要掌握了复杂形状的组成要素或构成条件，就可以无需路径编程的打印复杂形状。It can be seen from Figure 12 and Figure 13 that when the part to be printed is of a certain complex shape, only three beams of light need to be controlled to be a prismatic beam, a cylindrical beam, and a square beam, and the special shape with high complexity and precision can be printed. Shape, which shows that as long as the components or conditions of complex shapes are mastered, complex shapes can be printed without path programming.
从图14、图15可以看出，待打印部分为针头形状时，只需控制三束光分别为圆筒形光束、方形光束、梯形光束，即可打印出有非常强的实用性的形状。It can be seen from Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 that when the part to be printed is in the shape of a needle, only need to control three beams of light to be cylindrical beam, square beam, and trapezoidal beam, and a very practical shape can be printed.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711460001.4ACN108189387A (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2017-12-28 | Realize the 3D piecemeals Method of printing of printing speed and 3D piecemeal print systems |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711460001.4ACN108189387A (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2017-12-28 | Realize the 3D piecemeals Method of printing of printing speed and 3D piecemeal print systems |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108189387Atrue CN108189387A (en) | 2018-06-22 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711460001.4APendingCN108189387A (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2017-12-28 | Realize the 3D piecemeals Method of printing of printing speed and 3D piecemeal print systems |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108189387A (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109703010A (en)* | 2019-01-18 | 2019-05-03 | 深圳市硬核智娱科技有限公司 | A modular 3D printer for building blocks |
| CN111070672A (en)* | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-28 | 深圳光韵达光电科技股份有限公司 | 3D printing method and device based on thermocuring mechanism |
| CN112339265A (en)* | 2019-08-08 | 2021-02-09 | 安世亚太科技股份有限公司 | A 3D printer system for photosensitive resin and 3D printing method using the same |
| CN112477121A (en)* | 2020-10-27 | 2021-03-12 | 上海中航光电子有限公司 | 3D printing system and 3D printing method |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0511554A1 (en)* | 1991-04-30 | 1992-11-04 | Dentsply International | Denture curing apparatus and method |
| CN101208570A (en)* | 2005-06-28 | 2008-06-25 | 伊斯曼柯达公司 | UV curing device with combined optical path |
| CN102436043A (en)* | 2011-12-23 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Simulation of Weak Laser Transformation System Based on Photoelectric Countermeasure Inner Field |
| CN102574204A (en)* | 2009-08-10 | 2012-07-11 | Bego布雷默戈尔德施雷格爱威尔海姆.赫伯斯特两合公司 | Ceramic or glass-ceramic article and methods for producing such article |
| CN104678541A (en)* | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 大连光耀辉科技有限公司 | A laser light source output device |
| CN107263873A (en)* | 2016-06-27 | 2017-10-20 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | The forming method of photocuring three-dimensional printer and three-dimensional body |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0511554A1 (en)* | 1991-04-30 | 1992-11-04 | Dentsply International | Denture curing apparatus and method |
| CN101208570A (en)* | 2005-06-28 | 2008-06-25 | 伊斯曼柯达公司 | UV curing device with combined optical path |
| CN102574204A (en)* | 2009-08-10 | 2012-07-11 | Bego布雷默戈尔德施雷格爱威尔海姆.赫伯斯特两合公司 | Ceramic or glass-ceramic article and methods for producing such article |
| CN102436043A (en)* | 2011-12-23 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Simulation of Weak Laser Transformation System Based on Photoelectric Countermeasure Inner Field |
| CN104678541A (en)* | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 大连光耀辉科技有限公司 | A laser light source output device |
| CN107263873A (en)* | 2016-06-27 | 2017-10-20 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | The forming method of photocuring three-dimensional printer and three-dimensional body |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109703010A (en)* | 2019-01-18 | 2019-05-03 | 深圳市硬核智娱科技有限公司 | A modular 3D printer for building blocks |
| CN112339265A (en)* | 2019-08-08 | 2021-02-09 | 安世亚太科技股份有限公司 | A 3D printer system for photosensitive resin and 3D printing method using the same |
| CN111070672A (en)* | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-28 | 深圳光韵达光电科技股份有限公司 | 3D printing method and device based on thermocuring mechanism |
| CN112477121A (en)* | 2020-10-27 | 2021-03-12 | 上海中航光电子有限公司 | 3D printing system and 3D printing method |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108189387A (en) | Realize the 3D piecemeals Method of printing of printing speed and 3D piecemeal print systems | |
| US10137636B2 (en) | Three-dimensional modelling and/or manufacturing apparatus, and related processes | |
| US10500640B2 (en) | Systems and methods of volumetric 3D printing | |
| CN108284225B (en) | System and method for manufacturing a component using a laser array | |
| JP2022046572A (en) | 3D printing with improved performance | |
| US6036777A (en) | Powder dispensing apparatus using vibration | |
| CN109550959A (en) | A kind of metal parts increasing material manufacturing method and device | |
| US20170043533A1 (en) | Color or multi-material three-dimensional (3d) printing | |
| JP6618277B2 (en) | Information processing apparatus and information processing method | |
| US11550295B2 (en) | Continuous exposure | |
| US20160349724A1 (en) | Processing slice data | |
| TWI566918B (en) | Three-dimensional printing system | |
| WO2015108550A1 (en) | Generating three-dimensional objects | |
| EP3094472B1 (en) | Processing slice data for an additive manufacturing system | |
| CN105216319A (en) | 3D stereoprojection formula photocuring 3D printer | |
| CN107073826A (en) | Generate three-dimensional body | |
| US5204823A (en) | Method and apparatus for high-speed layer thickness curing in 3-D model making | |
| CN107150439A (en) | Data processing method, 3D printing method and apparatus | |
| US10800154B2 (en) | Hybrid fusion system | |
| Vladić et al. | Vat photopolymerization | |
| Joshi et al. | Additive Manufacturing with Metals | |
| CN105216318A (en) | 3D Xograph machine | |
| CN103358553A (en) | Method and device for ultrasonic focusing 3D rapid prototyping | |
| US20190105846A1 (en) | Body phantom, apparatus for producing layered resin structure, and method for producing layered resin structure | |
| CN206306455U (en) | 3D synthesis printing equipments |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | Application publication date:20180622 | |
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |