技术领域technical field
本发明涉及高效节水灌溉技术领域，特别是一种针对规模化农田的无线物联网智能化滴灌系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation, in particular to a wireless Internet of Things intelligent drip irrigation system and method for large-scale farmland.
背景技术Background technique
发展滴灌是实现农业节水、高产、高效的重要途径，对于保障农产品安全供给、带动农民脱贫致富、推动农业现代化意义重大。我国以滴灌为主的微灌面积近十年增加了近10倍，2016年达到7905万亩，我国已成为全球滴灌面积最大的国家。随着农村劳动力日渐弱化、土地流转政策颁布，农业生产逐步向规模化、集约化发展，滴灌技术面临着广阔的应用前景。The development of drip irrigation is an important way to achieve agricultural water saving, high yield, and high efficiency. It is of great significance to ensure the safe supply of agricultural products, drive farmers out of poverty, and promote agricultural modernization. The micro-irrigation area dominated by drip irrigation in my country has increased nearly 10 times in the past ten years, reaching 79.05 million mu in 2016, and my country has become the country with the largest drip irrigation area in the world. With the weakening of the rural labor force, the promulgation of land transfer policies, and the gradual development of large-scale and intensive agricultural production, drip irrigation technology is facing broad application prospects.
本技术中规模化农田滴灌主要指控制面积在1000亩及以上的大田滴灌系统，主要用于种植小麦、玉米等大田粮食作物或棉花、大豆、马铃薯等大田经济作物。规模化滴灌工程控制面积大、系统组成复杂，存在系统管理工作量大、规模化效益有待提高等问题，利用现代信息技术实现系统的精准化、智能化管控已成为解决该问题的有效途径，但智能化滴灌领域，尤其是针对规模化农田的智能滴灌技术还存着以下问题：现有技术方案多针对设施农业智能滴灌等提出，缺少针对规模化农田滴灌的合理布置方案，方案应用到规模化滴灌中存在灌溉单元控制面积小、阀门数量多、系统搭建成本高等问题；其次是规模化农田滴灌控制面积大，田间所用到的智能化装备多，安装、回收、管理复杂。因此，亟需构建能够系统解决规模化农田智能滴灌的技术方案。The large-scale farmland drip irrigation in this technology mainly refers to the field drip irrigation system with a control area of 1000 mu or more, which is mainly used for planting large-scale grain crops such as wheat and corn or large-field economic crops such as cotton, soybean, and potato. The control area of large-scale drip irrigation projects is large, the system composition is complex, there are problems such as large system management workload, and large-scale benefits need to be improved. Using modern information technology to achieve precise and intelligent control of the system has become an effective way to solve this problem, but In the field of intelligent drip irrigation, especially the intelligent drip irrigation technology for large-scale farmland, there are still the following problems: most of the existing technical solutions are proposed for intelligent drip irrigation of facility agriculture, etc., and there is a lack of reasonable layout schemes for large-scale farmland drip irrigation. In drip irrigation, there are problems such as small irrigation unit control area, large number of valves, and high system construction costs; followed by large-scale farmland drip irrigation control area, many intelligent equipment used in the field, complex installation, recycling, and management. Therefore, it is urgent to build a technical solution that can systematically solve large-scale farmland intelligent drip irrigation.
申请号为CN201610572613.1的技术方案中提出“一种基于物联网的水肥一体化滴灌管理系统”，该技术方案通过感应模块、调节模块进行组合搭配构建了一种物联网滴灌管理系统，可以进行精量水肥滴灌调控，但该技术主要针对设施滴灌提出，没有涉及到规模化农田滴灌智能化滴灌；申请号为CN200810046093.6的专利提出了“基于ZigBee通信技术的阀门控制器及其控制方法”，提供了针对膜下滴灌的自动化控制系统，实现了大田膜下滴灌系统远程无线控制，但该系统没有提出相应的管理方法。The technical solution with the application number CN201610572613.1 proposes "an integrated drip irrigation management system for water and fertilizer based on the Internet of Things". Precision water and fertilizer drip irrigation control, but this technology is mainly proposed for facility drip irrigation, and does not involve large-scale farmland drip irrigation and intelligent drip irrigation; the patent application number CN200810046093.6 proposes "a valve controller and its control method based on ZigBee communication technology" , provided an automatic control system for under-film drip irrigation, and realized the remote wireless control of the field under-film drip irrigation system, but the system did not propose a corresponding management method.
物联网技术是一种基于互联网的物与物相连的技术，其通过网络，尤其是无线网络实现对对象的全面感知与控制，是大规模信息获取与控制的有效途径，是规模化农田滴灌系统的管控的较为理想手段。本发明基于物联网技术，结合与规模化农田适配性好的管网、执行与布设方法，形成系统化的规模化农田智能滴灌解决方案。The Internet of Things technology is an Internet-based technology that connects things to things. It realizes comprehensive perception and control of objects through the network, especially wireless networks. An ideal means of control. Based on the Internet of Things technology, the present invention combines a pipe network with good adaptability to large-scale farmland, execution and layout methods to form a systematic large-scale farmland intelligent drip irrigation solution.
(1)针对规模化滴灌控制面积广，供电布线不便的特点，基于物联网技术架构，采用全无线化模块进行控制与信息采集，并提出模块降耗休眠措施与通过扫描测控模块表面二维码标识进行测控模块定位、读取、设置等管理操作，解决规模化农田智能化滴灌系统布置困难、功耗高、管理复杂的问题。(1) In view of the characteristics of large-scale drip irrigation control area and inconvenient power supply and wiring, based on the technical framework of the Internet of Things, a fully wireless module is used for control and information collection, and the module consumption reduction and dormancy measures are proposed and the QR code on the surface of the measurement and control module is scanned. The identification performs management operations such as positioning, reading, and setting of the measurement and control module, and solves the problems of difficult layout, high power consumption, and complex management of large-scale farmland intelligent drip irrigation systems.
(2)构建了由远程控制中心，无线测控模块，低功耗电控阀门，小流量、长毛管、薄管壁滴灌带，大流量支管管网组成的完整系统搭建模式，有效降低了系统成本，为规模化农田智能滴灌系统构建提供适配解决方案。(2) Constructed a complete system construction mode consisting of remote control center, wireless measurement and control module, low power consumption electronic control valve, small flow, long capillary pipe, thin pipe wall drip irrigation belt, and large flow branch pipe network, which effectively reduced the system cost , to provide adaptation solutions for the construction of large-scale farmland intelligent drip irrigation systems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种规模化农田无线物联网智能滴灌系统及方法，解决规模化农田智能化滴灌系统布置困难、功耗高、管理复杂的问题。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-scale farmland wireless Internet of Things intelligent drip irrigation system and method to solve the problems of difficult layout, high power consumption, and complicated management of large-scale farmland intelligent drip irrigation systems.
为达到以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：For achieving above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
一种规模化农田无线物联网智能滴灌系统，包括远程控制中心、若干测控模块、田间滴灌系统和终端；所述测控模块使用无线通信的方式连接远程控制中心，所述测控模块与相应的田间滴灌系统连接，所述田间滴灌系统包括被控设备和传感设备；A large-scale wireless Internet of Things intelligent drip irrigation system for farmland, including a remote control center, several measurement and control modules, a field drip irrigation system and a terminal; System connection, the field drip irrigation system includes controlled equipment and sensing equipment;
所述远程控制中心部署于远端服务器上，可同时接入位于不同地点、属于不同用户的灌溉小区，用于对规模化农田无线物联网智能滴灌系统进行远程控制，监控田间滴灌系统参数、管理滴灌灌溉施肥、获取技术支持与服务、分析参数数据，制定滴灌灌溉制度与程序等，与用户通过终端进行交互；The remote control center is deployed on a remote server, and can simultaneously access irrigation plots located in different locations and belonging to different users, and is used to remotely control the large-scale farmland wireless Internet of Things intelligent drip irrigation system, monitor field drip irrigation system parameters, manage Drip irrigation and fertilization, obtaining technical support and services, analyzing parameter data, formulating drip irrigation systems and procedures, etc., and interacting with users through the terminal;
所述测控模块用于规模化农田无线物联网智能滴灌系统的无线控制与数据采集，接收并执行远程控制中心下达的控制指令，驱动与控制指令对应的被控设备并检测被控设备的运行状态；同时采集并向远程控制中心上报田间滴灌系统参数；所述测控模块表面附有二维码图片，通过终端扫描二维码即可进行测控模块的定位、信息读取、配置等管理工作。The measurement and control module is used for the wireless control and data collection of the large-scale farmland wireless Internet of Things intelligent drip irrigation system, receives and executes the control instructions issued by the remote control center, drives the controlled equipment corresponding to the control instructions, and detects the operating status of the controlled equipment At the same time, the field drip irrigation system parameters are collected and reported to the remote control center; the surface of the measurement and control module is attached with a QR code picture, and the measurement and control module can be positioned, information read, configured and other management work can be performed by scanning the QR code through the terminal.
在上述方案的基础上，所述测控模块可根据需要选择连接被控设备或者传感设备或者同时与被控设备和传感设备连接；所述测控模块可使用电池作为电源，因此也可向远程控制中心上报自身电量以及无线信号强度信息；所述传感设备包括土壤水分、温度、湿度、风速、风向、太阳辐射、流量、压力、pH、电导率、养分、图像识别、电能和功耗等传感设备，所述被控设备包括电控阀门、水泵、施肥机、反冲洗过滤器等具体执行滴灌灌溉的设备。On the basis of the above scheme, the measurement and control module can choose to connect to the controlled device or the sensing device or connect to the controlled device and the sensing device at the same time; the measurement and control module can use a battery as a power source, so it can also provide The control center reports its own electricity and wireless signal strength information; the sensing equipment includes soil moisture, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, flow, pressure, pH, conductivity, nutrient, image recognition, electric energy and power consumption, etc. Sensing equipment, the controlled equipment includes electronically controlled valves, water pumps, fertilizers, backwash filters and other equipment that specifically implement drip irrigation.
在上述方案的基础上，所述田间滴灌系统还包括输配水管网和压力流量调节装置，所述输配水管网采用口径在110mm以上的大口径支管，每根支管控制一个灌溉小区，毛管与支管连接，毛管入口处安装压力流量调节装置，所述电控阀门安装在每根支管与输配水管网的干管连接处，用于控制整个支管。On the basis of the above scheme, the field drip irrigation system also includes a water transmission and distribution pipe network and a pressure flow regulating device. The water transmission and distribution pipe network adopts large-diameter branch pipes with a diameter of more than 110mm, and each branch pipe controls an irrigation area. The branch pipe is connected, and the pressure flow regulating device is installed at the entrance of the capillary pipe. The electric control valve is installed at the connection between each branch pipe and the main pipe of the water transmission and distribution network, and is used to control the entire branch pipe.
在上述方案的基础上，所述支管采用PE材料的可收放软管；所述毛管采用灌水器流量在1.6L/h以下的小流量、薄管壁的滴灌带，滴灌带的铺设长度可达100m以上；所述电控阀门采用电压在6V以下的微功耗的直流脉冲电磁阀，以脉冲信号进行控制，阀门开启、关闭瞬间进行供电，正常工作过程中不耗电。On the basis of the above scheme, the branch pipe adopts a retractable hose of PE material; the capillary adopts a drip irrigation tape with a small flow rate below 1.6L/h and a thin pipe wall, and the laying length of the drip irrigation tape can be Up to 100m or more; the electronically controlled valve adopts a DC pulse solenoid valve with a voltage below 6V and a micro-power consumption, controlled by a pulse signal, and the valve is powered on and off instantly, and no power is consumed during normal operation.
在上述方案的基础上，所述终端一般为可连接互联网，包含可以扫描并识别二维码图片的摄像功能，可以进行经纬度定位的定位功能以及进行输入输出的功能的便携式装置，可以是常见的智能手机、平板电脑等便携式装置。On the basis of the above scheme, the terminal is generally a portable device that can be connected to the Internet, includes a camera function that can scan and identify two-dimensional code pictures, a positioning function that can perform longitude and latitude positioning, and input and output functions, which can be common Portable devices such as smartphones and tablets.
在上述方案的基础上，所述测控模块与远程控制中心的无线通信方式可以为4G、3G、GPRS、数传电台以及无线自组织网络等无线通信方式。On the basis of the above solution, the wireless communication mode between the measurement and control module and the remote control center can be 4G, 3G, GPRS, digital radio station, wireless ad hoc network and other wireless communication modes.
在上述方案的基础上，所述二维码图片以印刷、雕刻等形式附在所述测控模块的表面，所述二维码图片中包含的测控模块部署所需要的基本信息包括：测控模块ID，所述测控模块ID为测控模块在滴灌系统中的唯一标识信息；测控模块的功能信息，所述功能信息指该测控模块在滴灌系统中所执行的功能任务或角色；测控模块的型号信息，包括测控模块的型号与版本等；传感设备信息，包括所连接传感设备的数量、功能、量程、精度、数据转换方式等信息；所连接被控设备信息包括被控设备的类型、控制方式等信息；网络信息，包括测控模块在无线网络中的网络类型、角色、协议类型等，以上信息格式与远程控制中心中格式要求一致，以便于滴灌系统与终端识别，将基本信息生成二维码图片并附在测控模块表面的步骤通常在测控模块生产时进行。On the basis of the above solution, the two-dimensional code picture is attached to the surface of the measurement and control module in the form of printing, engraving, etc., and the basic information required for the deployment of the measurement and control module contained in the two-dimensional code picture includes: measurement and control module ID , the measurement and control module ID is the unique identification information of the measurement and control module in the drip irrigation system; the functional information of the measurement and control module, the functional information refers to the functional tasks or roles performed by the measurement and control module in the drip irrigation system; the model information of the measurement and control module, Including the model and version of the measurement and control module, etc.; sensing device information, including the number, function, range, accuracy, data conversion method and other information of the connected sensing device; connected controlled device information including the type and control mode of the controlled device and other information; network information, including the network type, role, protocol type, etc. of the measurement and control module in the wireless network, the format of the above information is consistent with the format requirements in the remote control center, so as to facilitate the identification of the drip irrigation system and the terminal, and generate a two-dimensional code for the basic information The step of attaching the picture to the surface of the measurement and control module is usually carried out during the production of the measurement and control module.
上述规模化农田无线物联网智能滴灌系统实现滴灌智能化控制的方法，包括以下步骤：The method for realizing the intelligent control of drip irrigation by the above-mentioned large-scale farmland wireless Internet of Things intelligent drip irrigation system includes the following steps:
(1)根据灌溉规模与需求，对滴灌系统进行设计并按照设计方案将所述滴灌系统分成若干个灌溉小区，然后布置所述滴灌系统；(1) According to the irrigation scale and demand, the drip irrigation system is designed and the drip irrigation system is divided into several irrigation districts according to the design plan, and then the drip irrigation system is arranged;
(2)对测控模块进行相应的配置管理，并将配置信息保存在远程控制中心，保证测控模块与滴灌系统的正常运行；(2) Perform corresponding configuration management on the measurement and control module, and save the configuration information in the remote control center to ensure the normal operation of the measurement and control module and the drip irrigation system;
(3)用户通过远程控制中心遥控灌溉、施肥动作，设置滴灌系统灌水量、灌水频率、施肥量、施肥频率等运行参数，使滴灌系统按照科学灌溉制度精确运行，也可以依据采集到的田间滴灌系统参数进行智能化的灌溉决策。(3) The user can remotely control the irrigation and fertilization actions through the remote control center, and set the drip irrigation system irrigation water volume, irrigation frequency, fertilization amount, fertilization frequency and other operating parameters, so that the drip irrigation system can operate accurately according to the scientific irrigation system. System parameters for intelligent irrigation decisions.
在上述方案的基础上，步骤(2)中对测控模块进行相应的配置管理的方法，包括以下步骤：On the basis of the above scheme, the method for performing corresponding configuration management on the measurement and control module in step (2) includes the following steps:
(2-1)使用滴灌系统用户名与密码进行登录远程控制中心并选择所配置测控模块所属的灌溉小区；(2-1) Use the drip irrigation system user name and password to log in to the remote control center and select the irrigation area to which the configured measurement and control module belongs;
(2-2)使用终端扫描附在测控模块表面的二维码图片，终端对二维码图片中所包含的基本信息进行读取，读取完成后，终端将ID(系统中唯一标识信息)发送至远程控制中心并与滴灌系统中的已有信息进行比对；(2-2) Use the terminal to scan the two-dimensional code picture attached to the surface of the measurement and control module. The terminal reads the basic information contained in the two-dimensional code picture. After the reading is completed, the terminal sends the ID (unique identification information in the system) Send it to the remote control center and compare it with the existing information in the drip irrigation system;
(2-3)判断滴灌系统中是否存在该测控模块；当滴灌系统中无此测控模块时，则对测控模块进行安装配置，由用户人工将信息补充完整，然后由终端向远程控制中心发送测控模块的配置信息，其中包括测控模块的基本信息、位置信息与人工补充的信息，最后将配置信息保存到远程控制中心的数据库中，完成配置；如果远程控制中心的数据库中存在该ID，则终端读取数据库中的配置信息，供用户查看、修改，同时用户可以将该测控模块的配置信息删除，将测控模块从滴灌系统中删除，进行修改、更新、删除的信息同样由终端发送至远程控制中心；(2-3) Determine whether the measurement and control module exists in the drip irrigation system; when there is no such measurement and control module in the drip irrigation system, install and configure the measurement and control module, and the user manually completes the information, and then the terminal sends the measurement and control to the remote control center Module configuration information, including the basic information of the measurement and control module, location information and manual supplementary information, and finally save the configuration information to the database of the remote control center to complete the configuration; if the ID exists in the database of the remote control center, the terminal Read the configuration information in the database for users to view and modify. At the same time, the user can delete the configuration information of the measurement and control module, delete the measurement and control module from the drip irrigation system, and the information for modification, update and deletion is also sent to the remote control by the terminal center;
(2-4)对于已经从田间回收、需要进行重新安装的测控模块，终端扫描田间测控模块表面的二维码图片后，读取基本信息并显示，然后终端将测控模块ID上报至远程控制中心，由远程控制中心对测控模块ID是否合法、是否属于用户所选择的灌溉小区进行校验；当信息有误时，远程控制中心将未通过校验的理由通过终端反馈给用户，帮助用户查找错误原因；当信息内容无误时，滴灌系统将接收的信息保存在远程控制中心的数据库中，终端从远程控制中心获取测控模块原安装位置信息，终端将测控模块原有位置与终端实时位置展示在GIS地图图层上，方便用户寻找测控模块的原有安装位置。(2-4) For the measurement and control module that has been recovered from the field and needs to be reinstalled, the terminal scans the QR code picture on the surface of the field measurement and control module, reads and displays the basic information, and then the terminal reports the measurement and control module ID to the remote control center , the remote control center will verify whether the ID of the measurement and control module is legal and whether it belongs to the irrigation area selected by the user; when the information is wrong, the remote control center will feed back the reason for failing the verification to the user through the terminal to help the user find the error Reason: When the information content is correct, the drip irrigation system saves the received information in the database of the remote control center, the terminal obtains the original installation location information of the measurement and control module from the remote control center, and the terminal displays the original location of the measurement and control module and the real-time location of the terminal on the GIS On the map layer, it is convenient for users to find the original installation location of the measurement and control module.
在上述方案的基础上，步骤(2-3)中所述位置信息可由终端中的定位功能自动获取，进行配置时，如果终端所在位置即为测控模块的安装部署位置，则位置信息由终端自动录入，若不在该位置，可由人工进行录入，录入的方式可以为手动输入测控模块要安装的经纬度坐标，也可直接在终端内所显示的电子地图上点选；人工补充的信息为非标准化的信息，即因滴灌系统不同而各异的参数，如测控模块所在地块、灌溉小区、所属轮灌组、控制逻辑等信息，可由人工简单填写或人工选择远程控制中心提供的选项，选项内容通常是在用户选择测控模块所在滴灌系统后由终端从配置数据库中读取得到，配置信息也可以以预置文件的形式提前储存在终端中。On the basis of the above scheme, the location information in step (2-3) can be automatically obtained by the positioning function in the terminal. When configuring, if the location of the terminal is the installation and deployment location of the measurement and control module, the location information is automatically obtained by the terminal. Input, if it is not at this location, it can be input manually. The input method can be to manually input the longitude and latitude coordinates of the measurement and control module to be installed, or to directly click on the electronic map displayed in the terminal; the manual supplementary information is non-standardized Information, that is, parameters that vary with different drip irrigation systems, such as the plot where the measurement and control module is located, the irrigation area, the irrigation group to which it belongs, and the control logic, etc., can be simply filled in manually or manually selected from the options provided by the remote control center. The options are usually After the user selects the drip irrigation system where the measurement and control module is located, the terminal reads it from the configuration database, and the configuration information can also be stored in the terminal in advance in the form of a preset file.
在上述方案的基础上，步骤(3)中所述依据采集到的田间滴灌系统参数进行智能化的灌溉决策的方法，包括以下步骤：On the basis of the above-mentioned scheme, the method for intelligent irrigation decision-making according to the collected field drip irrigation system parameters described in step (3) includes the following steps:
(3-1)通过测控模块采集到的田间滴灌系统参数信息判断作物是否处于缺水状态，远程控制中心判别后，若处于缺水状态，同时监测未来短期内的降水状况；(3-1) Determine whether the crops are in a state of water shortage through the parameter information of the field drip irrigation system collected by the measurement and control module. After the remote control center judges, if it is in a state of water shortage, simultaneously monitor the precipitation in the short term in the future;
(3-2)若监测到未来短期内有降水，则暂不执行灌溉任务；若监测到未来短期内没有降水，远程控制中心计算得到灌溉任务，包括灌溉水量和灌溉时间，灌溉水量通过土壤水分平衡模型进行计算，测控模块控制电控阀门开启的同时，滴灌系统首部的测控模块控制水泵开启，执行灌溉任务；(3-2) If it is monitored that there will be precipitation in the short term in the future, the irrigation task will not be performed temporarily; if there is no precipitation in the short term in the future, the remote control center will calculate the irrigation task, including irrigation water volume and irrigation time, and the irrigation water volume will be determined by soil moisture. The balance model is used for calculation. While the measurement and control module controls the opening of the electronically controlled valve, the measurement and control module at the head of the drip irrigation system controls the opening of the water pump to perform irrigation tasks;
(3-3)灌溉任务执行完成后，管理人员对本次灌溉的效果进行评价，评价结果将储存进入远程控制中心的数据库，指导远程控制中心进行自学习。(3-3) After the irrigation task is completed, the management personnel will evaluate the irrigation effect, and the evaluation result will be stored in the database of the remote control center to guide the remote control center to carry out self-learning.
在上述方案的基础上，步骤(3-1)中判断作物是否处于缺水状态的判断指标包括田间土壤水分信息和作物生理指标信息，所述作物生理指标信息包括作物表型、冠层温度和视觉图像等。On the basis of the above scheme, the judging indicators for judging whether the crops are in a state of water shortage in step (3-1) include field soil moisture information and crop physiological index information, and the crop physiological index information includes crop phenotype, canopy temperature and visual images etc.
在上述方案的基础上，步骤(3-2)中所述测控模块中消耗电能的电路组件包括控制测控模块的微处理器与负责通讯的无线通信模块，所述微处理器和无线通信模块分为工作与休眠两种状态，工作状态时，微处理器协调驱动测控模块各组件工作，无线通信模块与远程控制中心进行数据传输，此时工作功耗高；在休眠状态时，仅微处理器保持最低功耗运行，测控模块的其余组件处于关闭状态，此时测控模块功耗最小；微处理器进入休眠工作状态前，可以设置退出休眠的时间，当休眠一定时间后，微处理器会自动由休眠状态转为工作状态并唤醒测控模块的其他组件。On the basis of the above scheme, the circuit components that consume electric energy in the measurement and control module described in step (3-2) include a microprocessor that controls the measurement and control module and a wireless communication module that is responsible for communication, and the microprocessor and the wireless communication module are separated There are two states of working and sleeping. In the working state, the microprocessor coordinates and drives the components of the measurement and control module to work, and the wireless communication module and the remote control center perform data transmission. At this time, the working power consumption is high; in the sleeping state, only the microprocessor Keep running with the lowest power consumption, and other components of the measurement and control module are turned off. At this time, the power consumption of the measurement and control module is the smallest; before the microprocessor enters the dormant working state, you can set the time to exit the dormancy. Turn from sleep state to work state and wake up other components of the measurement and control module.
具体的节能休眠方法，包括以下步骤：A specific energy-saving dormancy method includes the following steps:
(3-2-1)远程控制中心制定灌溉任务后，测控模块首次唤醒，从远程控制中心获取灌溉任务，任务获取完毕后，测控模块进入休眠状态；(3-2-1) After the remote control center formulates the irrigation task, the measurement and control module wakes up for the first time, and obtains the irrigation task from the remote control center. After the task is obtained, the measurement and control module enters the dormant state;
(3-2-2)测控模块在没有灌溉任务时，每12小时从休眠状态中重新唤醒进入工作状态一次，主动向远程控制中心上报自身的工作状态；(3-2-2) When there is no irrigation task, the measurement and control module will wake up from the dormant state and enter the working state once every 12 hours, and actively report its own working state to the remote control center;
(3-2-3)对比原有灌溉任务是否发生改变，如未发生改变，则继续进入休眠状态直到下一次唤醒，如发生改变，则从远程控制中心下载最新灌溉任务，确定下次何时从休眠状态转入工作状态并执行灌溉命令；(3-2-3) Compare whether the original irrigation task has changed. If there is no change, continue to enter the dormant state until the next wake-up. If there is a change, download the latest irrigation task from the remote control center to determine when the next time Turn from dormant state to working state and execute irrigation commands;
(3-2-4)根据测控模块采集到的信息和作物缺水指标，若判定作物在执行过一次灌溉动作后依然处于缺水状态，则休眠周期转为1小时，以便用户下发的补充灌溉命令可以得到及时执行。(3-2-4) According to the information collected by the measurement and control module and the crop water shortage index, if it is determined that the crop is still in a state of water shortage after performing an irrigation action, the dormant cycle will be changed to 1 hour, so that the supplementary information issued by the user Irrigation orders can be executed in a timely manner.
本发明所述的规模化农田无线物联网智能滴灌系统及方法，(1)实现全无线化的控制传输，提出了针对滴灌田间测控模块的降耗休眠措施，同时测控模块标识有专用信息，通过便携式终端读取即可完成测控模块定位、读取、设置等管理操作，解决规模化农田智能化滴灌系统功耗高、布置困难、管理复杂的问题。The large-scale farmland wireless Internet of Things intelligent drip irrigation system and method according to the present invention, (1) realizes fully wireless control transmission, and proposes measures for reducing consumption and dormancy for the field measurement and control module of drip irrigation, and at the same time, the measurement and control module is marked with special information, through The portable terminal can complete the management operations such as positioning, reading, and setting of the measurement and control module by reading it, and solve the problems of high power consumption, difficult layout, and complicated management of large-scale farmland intelligent drip irrigation systems.
(2)构建了由远程控制中心，测控模块，小流量、长毛管、薄管壁滴灌带，大口径支管管网、微功耗电控阀门组成的完整解决方案，提升了单个小区控制面积，减少了设备投入，降低了规模化农田的智能滴灌系统的搭建投入，提高管理效率。(2) Constructed a complete solution consisting of remote control center, measurement and control module, small flow, long capillary pipe, thin pipe wall drip irrigation belt, large diameter branch pipe network, and micro power consumption electronic control valve, which increased the control area of a single community, It reduces equipment investment, reduces the construction investment of the intelligent drip irrigation system for large-scale farmland, and improves management efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明有如下附图：The present invention has following accompanying drawing:
图1本发明的滴灌系统组成图。Fig. 1 composition diagram of the drip irrigation system of the present invention.
图2本发明智能决策流程图。Fig. 2 is a flowchart of intelligent decision-making of the present invention.
图3本发明节能策略流程图。Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the energy saving strategy of the present invention.
图4本发明基于二维码配置的基本原理图。Fig. 4 is a basic schematic diagram of the present invention based on two-dimensional code configuration.
图5本发明测控模块配置流程图。Fig. 5 is a configuration flowchart of the measurement and control module of the present invention.
图6本发明测控模块原安装位置展示流程图。Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing the original installation position of the measurement and control module of the present invention.
图7本发明管网布设示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the pipe network layout of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图1-7对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 1-7.
1)总体思路1) General idea
本系统主要由远程控制中心，测控模块，田间滴灌系统3大部分组成。其中，远程控制中心是整个智能滴灌系统的控制中心与软件平台，用于进行规模化农田滴灌系统远程控制，展示智能化滴灌系统的整体功能，包括监控田间滴灌系统参数、管理滴灌灌溉施肥、获取技术支持与服务、分析参数数据，制定滴灌灌溉制度与程序等，与用户通过电脑、手机等多终端连接互联网的终端进行交互。该远程控制中心部署于远程服务器上，无需在滴灌工程现场部署，可同时接入位于不同地点、属于不同用户的灌溉小区。This system is mainly composed of remote control center, measurement and control module, and field drip irrigation system. Among them, the remote control center is the control center and software platform of the entire intelligent drip irrigation system, which is used for remote control of the large-scale farmland drip irrigation system, and displays the overall functions of the intelligent drip irrigation system, including monitoring field drip irrigation system parameters, managing drip irrigation and fertilization, obtaining Technical support and services, analysis of parameter data, formulation of drip irrigation irrigation systems and procedures, etc., and interaction with users connected to the Internet through computers, mobile phones and other terminals. The remote control center is deployed on a remote server and does not need to be deployed on the drip irrigation project site, and can simultaneously access irrigation plots located in different locations and belonging to different users.
测控模块用于规模化农田智能化滴灌系统的数据采集与无线控制，即测控模块同时具备测量与控制两种功能：可连接土壤水分、温度、湿度、风速、风向、太阳辐射、流量、压力、pH、电导率、养分、摄像机(或其他图像识别设备)、电能、功耗等传感设备采集信息；可连接并驱动电控阀门、水泵、施肥机、反冲洗过滤器等具体执行滴灌灌溉的设备，在本方案中称为被控设备。上述连接方式可以是有线连接，也可以是无线连接。测控模块使用无线通信的方式连接远程控制中心，可接收执行远程控制中心下达的灌溉、施肥等控制指令，驱动对应被控设备并检测其运行状态；连接各类传感设备，采集并向远程控制中心上报田间滴灌系统参数，为用户以及智能决策提供数据支持。每个滴灌系统根据规模不同可以安装不同数量的测控模块，测控模块与所在灌溉小区进行绑定。位于田间等不方便供电情景的测控模块可使用电池供电并具备节能算法，无需在田间布设线缆。测控模块上具有二维码等标志信息，通过手机等连接互联网的手持终端即可进行方便的定位、读取、配置等管理工作。The measurement and control module is used for data acquisition and wireless control of large-scale farmland intelligent drip irrigation system, that is, the measurement and control module has two functions of measurement and control at the same time: it can connect soil moisture, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, flow, pressure, pH, conductivity, nutrient, camera (or other image recognition equipment), electric energy, power consumption and other sensing equipment to collect information; can connect and drive electronically controlled valves, water pumps, fertilizer spreaders, backwash filters, etc. to specifically implement drip irrigation The device is called the controlled device in this solution. The foregoing connection manner may be a wired connection or a wireless connection. The measurement and control module uses wireless communication to connect to the remote control center, and can receive and execute control commands such as irrigation and fertilization issued by the remote control center, drive the corresponding controlled equipment and detect its operating status; connect various sensing devices, collect and send to the remote control The center reports the parameters of the field drip irrigation system to provide data support for users and intelligent decision-making. Each drip irrigation system can install different numbers of measurement and control modules according to different scales, and the measurement and control modules are bound to the irrigation area where they are located. The measurement and control module located in the field where the power supply is inconvenient can be powered by batteries and has energy-saving algorithms, without the need to lay cables in the field. The measurement and control module has sign information such as QR codes, and convenient positioning, reading, configuration and other management tasks can be performed through mobile phones and other handheld terminals connected to the Internet.
本技术方案中的田间滴灌系统在首部系统安装有测控模块，该测控模块负责位于首部的水泵、施肥机、反冲洗过滤器的控制，同时采集监测首部流量、压力、水泵功耗、过滤器压差、电导率、pH等参数以及视频图像等信息。输配水管网设计中采用大口径支管，配合田间毛管使用小流量、长毛管、薄管壁滴灌带(灌水器流量≤1.6L/h)以及压力流量调节装置，优选地，毛管(滴灌带)铺设长度可达100m以上，单个灌溉小区的控制面积可以提升至100亩及以上。因此，整个滴灌系统的灌溉小区数量可大大减少，所需投入的电控阀门与测控模块数量随之减少，滴灌系统整体成本得到有效控制。每个灌溉小区配备有一个电控阀门与测控模块。田间配备有采集土壤水分、土壤温度的测控模块，也可配备有采集气温、湿度、太阳辐射的气象要素测控模块，为决策提供数据支持。The field drip irrigation system in this technical solution is equipped with a measurement and control module in the head system. The measurement and control module is responsible for the control of the water pump, fertilizer applicator, and backwash filter located in the head. Poor, conductivity, pH and other parameters as well as video images and other information. Large-diameter branch pipes are used in the design of water transmission and distribution pipe networks, and small flow, long capillary pipes, thin pipe wall drip irrigation tapes (irrigator flow ≤ 1.6L/h) and pressure flow adjustment devices are used in conjunction with field capillary pipes. Preferably, capillary pipes (drip irrigation tapes) The laying length can reach more than 100m, and the control area of a single irrigation area can be increased to 100 mu or more. Therefore, the number of irrigation plots in the entire drip irrigation system can be greatly reduced, the number of electronically controlled valves and measurement and control modules required to be invested will be reduced, and the overall cost of the drip irrigation system will be effectively controlled. Each irrigation plot is equipped with an electronically controlled valve and a measurement and control module. The field is equipped with a measurement and control module that collects soil moisture and soil temperature, and can also be equipped with a meteorological element measurement and control module that collects temperature, humidity, and solar radiation to provide data support for decision-making.
用户使用本技术方案中的智能化滴灌系统，可以实现通过互联网终端(电脑、手机等)对滴灌系统的远程控制管理，提升滴灌系统的精量管理水平，降低人工管理带来的繁重劳动，保障滴灌系统按照设计的灌溉制度进行灌溉施肥作业，也可使用系统中内置的灌溉决策控制模型代替人工进行智能化的灌溉控制，减少人工灌溉决策失误。同时，通过有机集成小流量、长毛管、薄管壁滴灌带等适配组件，构建低成本的规模化农田智能滴灌系统，最终实现增产增收目的。Using the intelligent drip irrigation system in this technical solution, users can realize remote control and management of the drip irrigation system through Internet terminals (computers, mobile phones, etc.), improve the precision management level of the drip irrigation system, reduce the heavy labor caused by manual management, and ensure The drip irrigation system performs irrigation and fertilization operations according to the designed irrigation system, and can also use the built-in irrigation decision-making control model in the system instead of manual intelligent irrigation control to reduce manual irrigation decision-making errors. At the same time, through the organic integration of small flow, long capillary tubes, thin tube wall drip irrigation belt and other adapter components, a low-cost large-scale farmland intelligent drip irrigation system is constructed, and the goal of increasing production and income is finally achieved.
2)远程控制中心2) Remote control center
远程控制中心是整个智能化系统的控制中心与软件平台，用于进行规模化农田滴灌系统远程控制，用户可以通过远程控制中心遥控灌溉、施肥动作，设置滴灌系统灌水量、灌水频率、施肥量、施肥频率等运行参数，使规模化滴灌系统可以按照科学灌溉制度精确运行，也可以依据采集到的田间滴灌系统参数信息进行智能化的灌溉决策，代替人工进行灌溉决策与控制。其决策流程如图2所示，主要通过采集信息判断作物是否处于缺水状态，判断指标包括田间土壤水分信息、作物生理指标信息(作物表型、冠层温度、视觉图像等)，判别后根据未来降水状况与灌溉小区在轮灌组中的顺序决策是否进行灌溉，灌溉水量通过土壤水分平衡模型进行计算。本技术方案中的远程控制中心应具有自学习能力，同时，用户可对每次的决策是否达到要求进行评价，以评估已有灌溉行为的正确性或优良度，为远程控制中心自学习提供指导与改进。The remote control center is the control center and software platform of the entire intelligent system. It is used for remote control of large-scale farmland drip irrigation systems. Users can remotely control irrigation and fertilization actions through the remote control center, and set the drip irrigation system irrigation volume, irrigation frequency, fertilizer amount, Operating parameters such as fertilization frequency enable the large-scale drip irrigation system to operate accurately according to the scientific irrigation system, and can also make intelligent irrigation decisions based on the collected field drip irrigation system parameter information, instead of manual irrigation decision-making and control. Its decision-making process is shown in Figure 2. It mainly judges whether the crops are in a state of water shortage by collecting information. The judgment indicators include field soil moisture information and crop physiological index information (crop phenotype, canopy temperature, visual images, etc.). The future precipitation status and the order of the irrigated area in the irrigation rotation group decide whether to irrigate, and the amount of irrigation water is calculated through the soil water balance model. The remote control center in this technical solution should have self-learning ability. At the same time, the user can evaluate whether each decision meets the requirements, so as to evaluate the correctness or excellence of the existing irrigation behavior, and provide guidance for the self-learning of the remote control center. and improvements.
远程控制中心还具备对所连接的测控模块进行配置的功能，配置的过程即将上述测控模块接入到远程控制中心与远程控制中心所管理的灌溉小区进行关联。配置的内容包括通过远程控制中心设置测控模块所属灌溉小区、所属类型、所连接设备的类型、采集信息类型、采集信息校准标定、测控模块地理坐标位置等信息，其中配置的方式还包括通过移动终端(手机等可接入互联网的移动终端)扫描测控模块上的二维码标识信息进行。The remote control center also has the function of configuring the connected measurement and control modules. The configuration process is to connect the above measurement and control modules to the remote control center and associate them with the irrigation plots managed by the remote control center. The content of the configuration includes setting the irrigation area to which the measurement and control module belongs, the type it belongs to, the type of connected equipment, the type of collected information, the calibration of the collected information, the geographic coordinates of the measurement and control module, and other information through the remote control center. (Mobile terminals such as mobile phones that can access the Internet) scan the two-dimensional code identification information on the measurement and control module.
3)测控模块及其基于标识信息的配置方法3) The measurement and control module and its configuration method based on identification information
(1)测控模块(1) Measurement and control module
测控模块负责滴灌系统中灌溉、施肥、过滤器冲洗等动作的控制，连接的被控设备包括水泵、电控阀门、施肥机以及带有自动冲洗功能的过滤器，由测控模块驱动上述被控设备开启关闭并设置被控设备的开启关闭时间；可连接不同类型的传感设备，包括土壤水分、温度、湿度、风速、风向、太阳辐射、流量、压力、pH、电导率、养分、摄像机(或其他图像识别设备)、电能、功耗等设备，用于采集滴灌系统运行、作物生长状况相关信息，测控模块通过无线通讯的方式与本技术方案中的远程控制中心进行通讯，其通信方式可以为4G、3G、GPRS、数传电台以及无线自组织网络等无线通信方式，可接收来自远程控制中心的命令，也可上报当前所驱动被控设备的运行状况以及所采集数据。考虑到规模化农田中难以布设线缆，位于田间的测控模块(如驱动电控阀门工作的模块)使用电池作为电源，因此也可向远程控制中心上报自身电量以及无线信号强度信息。测控模块连接的被控设备、传感设备可根据需要选择，如测控模块可以只连接电控阀门用于灌溉控制，也可只连接土壤水分传感器用于土壤水分采集，也可将同时连接电控阀门与土壤水分传感器。The measurement and control module is responsible for the control of irrigation, fertilization, filter flushing and other actions in the drip irrigation system. The connected controlled equipment includes water pumps, electric control valves, fertilizer spreaders and filters with automatic flushing functions. The measurement and control module drives the above controlled equipment Turn on and off and set the on and off time of the controlled device; different types of sensing devices can be connected, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, flow, pressure, pH, conductivity, nutrient, camera (or Other image recognition equipment), electric energy, power consumption and other equipment are used to collect information related to drip irrigation system operation and crop growth status. The measurement and control module communicates with the remote control center in this technical solution through wireless communication. The communication method can be 4G, 3G, GPRS, digital radio, wireless self-organizing network and other wireless communication methods can receive commands from the remote control center, and can also report the current operating status of the driven and controlled equipment and the collected data. Considering that it is difficult to lay cables in large-scale farmland, the measurement and control module located in the field (such as the module that drives the electronic control valve) uses batteries as power sources, so it can also report its own power and wireless signal strength information to the remote control center. The controlled equipment and sensing equipment connected to the measurement and control module can be selected according to the needs. For example, the measurement and control module can only be connected to the electric control valve for irrigation control, or only connected to the soil moisture sensor for soil moisture collection, or can be connected to the electric control valve at the same time. Valve and soil moisture sensor.
(2)模块节能策略(2) Module energy saving strategy
位于田间的测控模块使用无线通讯方式以及电池供电，为降低生产成本，优选采用体积小，成本低的电池作为电源，为降低测控模块运行功耗，提升测控模块持续运作时间，减少更换电池工作量，本技术方案在优选使用低功耗电路与通讯方式的同时，为测控模块制定相应的节能工作策略。The measurement and control module located in the field uses wireless communication and battery power supply. In order to reduce production costs, a small and low-cost battery is preferably used as the power supply. In order to reduce the operating power consumption of the measurement and control module, improve the continuous operation time of the measurement and control module, and reduce the workload of battery replacement , this technical solution is optimized to use low power consumption circuits and communication methods while formulating corresponding energy-saving working strategies for the measurement and control module.
测控模块中消耗电能的电路组件通常包括负责测控模块控制的微处理器与负责通讯的无线通信模块，上述两个组件通常分为工作与休眠两种状态，工作状态微处理器协调驱动测控模块各组件工作，无线通信模块与远程控制中心进行数据传输，此时工作功耗较高，如使用电池供电其持续工作时间通常为数天，难以持续支撑测控模块工作一个作物灌溉周期；在休眠状态时，仅微处理器保持最低功耗运行，测控模块的其余组件处于关闭状态，此时测控模块功耗最小。微处理器进入休眠工作状态前，可以设置其退出休眠的时间，即当休眠一定时间后，微处理器会自动由休眠状态转为工作状态并唤醒测控模块的其他组件。The circuit components that consume power in the measurement and control module usually include a microprocessor responsible for the control of the measurement and control module and a wireless communication module that is responsible for communication. The above two components are usually divided into two states: working and dormant. When the components work, the wireless communication module and the remote control center perform data transmission. At this time, the power consumption of the work is high. If the battery is used for power supply, the continuous working time is usually several days. It is difficult to continuously support the measurement and control module to work for a crop irrigation cycle; in the dormant state, Only the microprocessor keeps running with the lowest power consumption, and the other components of the measurement and control module are in a closed state, and the power consumption of the measurement and control module is the minimum at this time. Before the microprocessor enters the dormant working state, the time for exiting dormancy can be set, that is, after a certain period of dormancy, the microprocessor will automatically turn from the dormant state to the working state and wake up other components of the measurement and control module.
在本滴灌系统中，位于田间的测控模块通常为控制田间阀门开启关闭的模块，该模块仅在田间开始灌溉时需要处于工作状态，其余时间可处于低功耗的休眠状态。因此，田间的测控模块可以在仅在接收远程控制中心发送的灌溉命令时以及执行灌溉时处于工作状态即可。通常，规模化农田的滴灌灌溉周期一般为1-7天或更长，因此在本技术方案中，优选采用每12小时进行一次灌溉计划同步，即田间的测控模块在没有灌溉任务时，每12小时从休眠中唤醒进入工作状态一次，主动向远程控制中心上报自身工作状态，并对比原有灌溉计划是否发生改变，如未发生改变，则继续进入休眠状态直到下一次唤醒，如发生改变，则从远程控制中心下载最新灌溉计划，确定下次何时从休眠转入工作状态并执行灌溉命令。同时，考虑到灌溉不充分时，即作物仍然缺水时需及时进行补充灌溉，根据测控模块采集到的作物缺水指标，若判定作物在执行过一次灌溉动作后依然处于缺水状态，则休眠周期转为1小时，以便用户下发的补充灌溉命令可以得到及时执行。上述休眠周期均可根据需要进行设定，执行流程见图3所示。In this drip irrigation system, the measurement and control module located in the field is usually a module that controls the opening and closing of field valves. This module only needs to be in a working state when irrigation starts in the field, and can be in a low-power dormant state for the rest of the time. Therefore, the measurement and control module in the field can only be in the working state when receiving the irrigation command sent by the remote control center and when performing irrigation. Usually, the drip irrigation cycle of large-scale farmland is generally 1-7 days or longer, so in this technical solution, it is preferred to use every 12 hours to synchronize the irrigation plan, that is, when the field measurement and control module does not have an irrigation task, every 12 hours Wake up from dormancy to enter the working state once every hour, actively report its own working state to the remote control center, and compare whether the original irrigation plan has changed. If there is no change, continue to enter the dormant state until the next wake-up. If there is a change, then Download the latest irrigation plan from the remote control center, determine when to switch from dormancy to work next time and execute irrigation commands. At the same time, considering that when the irrigation is insufficient, that is, when the crops are still short of water, supplementary irrigation needs to be carried out in time. According to the crop water shortage indicators collected by the measurement and control module, if it is determined that the crops are still in a state of water shortage after performing an irrigation action, they will go dormant. The period is changed to 1 hour, so that the supplementary irrigation commands issued by users can be executed in time. The sleep cycle mentioned above can be set as required, and the execution flow is shown in FIG. 3 .
(3)基于二维码信息标识的模块管理方法(3) Module management method based on two-dimensional code information identification
测控模块在安装接入系统时，需要人工对测控模块在远程控制中心中的参数信息进行相应配置，并将配置保存在远程控制中心中才能保证测控模块与滴灌系统的正常运行。配置信息包括ID、类型、功能、安装位置(经纬坐标)、所控灌溉小区等，其中，对于测控模块连接的传感设备，还需要对传感设备的类型、测量量程、测量精度等信息进行配置。规模化农田滴灌系统在实现滴灌智能化控制时，需要安装部署的田间测控模块数量较多，在安装时所需进行配置的信息也较大，使用人工进行配置费时费力，效率较低。When the measurement and control module is installed and connected to the system, it is necessary to manually configure the parameter information of the measurement and control module in the remote control center, and save the configuration in the remote control center to ensure the normal operation of the measurement and control module and the drip irrigation system. The configuration information includes ID, type, function, installation location (longitude and latitude coordinates), controlled irrigation area, etc. Among them, for the sensing device connected to the measurement and control module, it is also necessary to carry out information such as the type of sensing device, measurement range, and measurement accuracy. configuration. When the large-scale farmland drip irrigation system realizes the intelligent control of drip irrigation, the number of field measurement and control modules that need to be installed and deployed is large, and the configuration information required during installation is also large. Manual configuration is time-consuming and laborious, and the efficiency is low.
在平时的管理中，为防止分散布置在田间的测控模块在田间进行播种、耕作、收割等作业活动时丢失或被意外损坏，需要在作业前将测控模块从田间收回，待作业结束后由灌溉系统的管理人员再次进行安装；同时，管理人员还需要对故障的测控模块及时进行检修替换或回收。实际进行操作时，容易出现因作物枝叶生长较高遮挡测控模块，难以迅速找到要回收或检修的测控模块问题。再次进行安装时，由于测控模块的数量较多，需要管理人员逐一核对原先安装位置，操作麻烦且效率较低；而由于田间难以有固定参照物，再次安装时也常常存在难以找到原有安装位置的问题。In normal management, in order to prevent the measurement and control modules scattered in the field from being lost or accidentally damaged during sowing, plowing, harvesting and other operations in the field, the measurement and control modules need to be taken back from the field before the operation, and the irrigation system will be used after the operation is over. The management personnel of the system install again; at the same time, the management personnel also need to repair and replace or recycle the faulty measurement and control module in time. In actual operation, it is easy to appear that the measurement and control module is blocked by the high growth of crop branches and leaves, and it is difficult to quickly find the measurement and control module to be recycled or repaired. When reinstalling, due to the large number of measurement and control modules, managers need to check the original installation locations one by one, which is cumbersome and inefficient; and because it is difficult to have fixed reference objects in the field, it is often difficult to find the original installation location during reinstallation The problem.
本技术方案在构建规模化农田智能滴灌系统时，将测控模块的基本信息生成二维码图片附在测控模块表面，当用户使用便携式的终端(如可接入互联网的手机等移动终端)对测控模块上所附的二维码图片进行扫描时，终端将对二维码图片中所包含的信息进行读取；同时，终端通过互联网与远程控制中心进行通信，根据ID(唯一标识符)对测控模块的配置情况进行查询，根据查询结果提示用户进行配置、查询、控制等操作，并将操作结果发送至远程控制中心，完成相关操作。该方法基本原理图如图4所示。When building a large-scale farmland intelligent drip irrigation system in this technical solution, the basic information of the measurement and control module is generated to generate a two-dimensional code picture and attached to the surface of the measurement and control module. When scanning the two-dimensional code picture attached to the module, the terminal will read the information contained in the two-dimensional code picture; at the same time, the terminal communicates with the remote control center through the Internet, and monitors and controls according to the ID (unique identifier). Query the configuration of the module, prompt the user to perform configuration, query, control and other operations according to the query results, and send the operation results to the remote control center to complete the relevant operations. The basic principle diagram of this method is shown in Fig. 4 .
其中，便携式终端一般为可连接互联网，包含可以扫描识别二维码的摄像功能，可以进行经纬度定位的定位功能以及进行输入输出的功能的便携式装置，可以是常见的智能手机、平板电脑等。Among them, the portable terminal is generally a portable device that can be connected to the Internet, and includes a camera function that can scan and identify two-dimensional codes, a positioning function that can perform longitude and latitude positioning, and input and output functions. It can be a common smart phone, tablet computer, etc.
表面所附二维码图片包含测控模块部署所需要的基本信息，包括：ID，指在滴灌系统中的唯一标识信息；功能信息，指该测控模块在系统中所执行的功能任务或角色；型号信息包括型号与版本等；传感设备信息包括传感设备的数量、功能、量程、精度、数据转换方式等信息；被控设备信息包括被控设备的类型、控制方式等信息；网络信息包括测控模块在无线网络中的网络类型、角色、协议类型等，以上信息格式与远程控制中心中格式要求一致，以便于滴灌系统与终端识别。二维码图片可以以印刷、雕刻等形式附在测控模块表面，将基本信息生成二维码图片并附在测控模块表面的步骤通常在测控模块生产时进行。The QR code picture attached to the surface contains the basic information required for the deployment of the measurement and control module, including: ID, which refers to the unique identification information in the drip irrigation system; function information, which refers to the functional tasks or roles performed by the measurement and control module in the system; model The information includes the model and version, etc.; the sensing device information includes the quantity, function, range, accuracy, data conversion method and other information of the sensing device; the controlled device information includes the type and control mode of the controlled device; the network information includes the measurement and control The network type, role, protocol type, etc. of the module in the wireless network, the above information format is consistent with the format requirements in the remote control center, so as to facilitate the identification of the drip irrigation system and the terminal. The two-dimensional code picture can be attached to the surface of the measurement and control module in the form of printing, engraving, etc. The step of generating the basic information into the two-dimensional code picture and attaching it to the surface of the measurement and control module is usually carried out during the production of the measurement and control module.
①配置管理① Configuration management
测控模块的配置管理包括测控模块的配置安装、配置删除与配置的修改更新。进行配置前，需要使用具有一定权限的用户名进行登录远程控制中心并选择所配置测控模块所属的灌溉小区。具体配置实施流程见图5，当用户选择所属灌溉小区后，首先使用终端扫描附在测控模块表面的二维码图片。终端对二维码图片中所包含的基本信息进行读取，读取完成后，终端将ID(系统中唯一标识信息)发送至远程控制中心并与滴灌系统中已有信息进行比对，判断滴灌系统中是否存在该测控模块：当滴灌系统中无此测控模块时，则对该测控模块进行安装配置，由用户人工将该测控模块信息补充完整，然后由终端向远程控制中心发送安装信息，其中包括测控模块的基本信息、位置信息与人工补充的信息，最后将配置信息保存到远程控制中心的数据库中，完成配置；如果远程控制中心的数据库中存在该ID，则终端读取数据库中的配置信息，供用户查看、修改，同时用户可以将该测控模块的配置信息删除，即将该测控模块从滴灌系统中删除，进行修改、更新、删除的信息同样由终端发送至远程控制中心。The configuration management of the measurement and control module includes configuration installation, configuration deletion and configuration modification and update of the measurement and control module. Before configuration, you need to use a user name with certain permissions to log in to the remote control center and select the irrigation area to which the configured measurement and control module belongs. The specific configuration implementation process is shown in Figure 5. When the user selects the irrigation area to which he belongs, he first uses the terminal to scan the QR code picture attached to the surface of the measurement and control module. The terminal reads the basic information contained in the two-dimensional code picture. After the reading is completed, the terminal sends the ID (unique identification information in the system) to the remote control center and compares it with the existing information in the drip irrigation system to judge the drip irrigation. Whether the measurement and control module exists in the system: When there is no such measurement and control module in the drip irrigation system, the measurement and control module is installed and configured, and the information of the measurement and control module is manually supplemented by the user, and then the terminal sends the installation information to the remote control center. Including the basic information, location information and manual supplementary information of the measurement and control module, and finally save the configuration information to the database of the remote control center to complete the configuration; if the ID exists in the database of the remote control center, the terminal reads the configuration in the database Information for users to view and modify. At the same time, users can delete the configuration information of the measurement and control module, that is, delete the measurement and control module from the drip irrigation system, and the information for modification, update and deletion is also sent to the remote control center by the terminal.
其中，位置信息可由终端中的定位功能自动获取，进行配置时，如果终端所在位置即为测控模块安装部署位置，则位置信息由终端自动录入，若不在该位置，可由人工进行录入，录入的方式可以为手动输入测控模块要安装的经纬度坐标，也可直接在终端内所显示的电子地图上点选；人工补充的信息主要为非标准化的信息，即因滴灌系统不同而各异的参数，如测控模块所在地块、灌溉小区、所属轮灌组、控制逻辑等信息，可由人工简单填写或人工选择远程控制中心提供的选项，选项内容通常是在用户选择测控模块所在滴灌系统后由终端从配置数据库中读取得到，配置信息也可以以预置文件的形式提前储存在终端中。Among them, the location information can be automatically obtained by the positioning function in the terminal. When configuring, if the location of the terminal is the installation and deployment location of the measurement and control module, the location information will be automatically entered by the terminal. If it is not at this location, it can be entered manually. You can manually input the latitude and longitude coordinates of the measurement and control module to be installed, or you can directly click on the electronic map displayed in the terminal; the artificial supplementary information is mainly non-standardized information, that is, different parameters due to different drip irrigation systems, such as Information such as the plot where the measurement and control module is located, the irrigation area, the irrigation group to which it belongs, and the control logic can be simply filled in manually or manually selected from the options provided by the remote control center. The configuration information can also be stored in the terminal in advance in the form of a preset file.
当测控模块由于田间作业等活动被收回，需要进行二次安装时，可以通过修改、更新、删除配置对测控模块进行重新配置安装，以提高部署灵活程度。重新安装时，可选择根据原有坐标位置信息部署到原安装位置，也可在修改相关配置后根据实际需要安装在另一个灌溉小区，或直接将测控模块所有配置信息从远程控制中心删除后，对全部配置信息重新配置。When the measurement and control module is taken back due to field operations and other activities and needs to be installed again, the measurement and control module can be reconfigured and installed by modifying, updating, and deleting configurations to improve deployment flexibility. When reinstalling, you can choose to deploy to the original installation location according to the original coordinate position information, or install it in another irrigation area according to actual needs after modifying the relevant configuration, or directly delete all configuration information of the measurement and control module from the remote control center. Reconfigure all configuration information.
远程控制中心对发送的信息进行校验，校验的内容包括配置信息的完整性、准确性以及合法性，当信息有误时，远程控制中心将未通过校验的理由通过终端反馈给用户，帮助用户查找错误原因；当信息内容无误时，系统将接受的信息保存在远程控制中心的配置数据库中，完成配置流程，同时向终端反馈配置完成的信息。The remote control center checks the sent information, and the content of the check includes the integrity, accuracy and legality of the configuration information. When the information is wrong, the remote control center will feed back the reason for failing the check to the user through the terminal. Help users find the cause of the error; when the information is correct, the system saves the received information in the configuration database of the remote control center, completes the configuration process, and feeds back the completed configuration information to the terminal.
②模块定位②Module positioning
本发明中，经过配置的测控模块在数据库中保存有测控模块的安装位置信息。本方法结合地理信息(GIS)、全球定位(GPS)等技术，通过终端将同一滴灌系统中的测控模块以图标的形式展示在电子地图图层上，使各个测控模块的位置一目了然。其中，测控模块类型通过不同形状的图标展示，同时辅以简单的信息，包括ID、工作状态、所采集参数等信息。相关测控模块信息是在用户使用一定权限的用户密码登陆后，从远程控制中心获取。为便于寻找位于田间的测控模块，终端的实时位置也同时显示在地图图层上，用户通过对终端位置与测控模块的位置的比对即可快速定位所要查找的测控模块。上述方法中还包括ID搜索、筛选等功能，便于查询满足特定条件的测控模块，如故障测控模块、离线测控模块等等。In the present invention, the configured measurement and control module stores the installation location information of the measurement and control module in the database. This method combines geographic information (GIS), global positioning (GPS) and other technologies, and displays the measurement and control modules in the same drip irrigation system in the form of icons on the electronic map layer through the terminal, so that the positions of each measurement and control module are clear at a glance. Among them, the types of measurement and control modules are displayed through icons of different shapes, supplemented by simple information, including ID, working status, collected parameters and other information. The relevant measurement and control module information is obtained from the remote control center after the user logs in with a user password with a certain authority. In order to facilitate the search for the measurement and control module located in the field, the real-time location of the terminal is also displayed on the map layer. Users can quickly locate the measurement and control module they are looking for by comparing the location of the terminal with the location of the measurement and control module. The above method also includes functions such as ID search and screening, which are convenient for querying measurement and control modules that meet specific conditions, such as fault measurement and control modules, offline measurement and control modules, and the like.
对于已经从田间回收、需要进行重新安装的测控模块，除上文提到对原有配置进行修改、删除并进行重新安装的方法外，本发明还包括以下方法协助用户将测控模块重新安装至原有位置。具体流程图见图6，终端扫描田间的测控模块表面二维码图片后，读取基本信息并显示，然后终端将ID上报至远程控制中心，由远程控制中心对ID是否合法、是否属于用户所选择的滴灌系统进行校验。若校验未通过，则流程终止，当校验通过后，终端从远程控制中心获取测控模块原安装位置信息。最后，终端将测控模块原有位置与终端实时位置展示在GIS地图图层上，方便用户寻找测控模块原有安装位置。For the measurement and control module that has been recovered from the field and needs to be reinstalled, in addition to the method of modifying, deleting and reinstalling the original configuration mentioned above, the present invention also includes the following methods to assist the user to reinstall the measurement and control module to the original There is a place. The specific flow chart is shown in Figure 6. After the terminal scans the QR code picture on the surface of the measurement and control module in the field, it reads the basic information and displays it. Then the terminal reports the ID to the remote control center, and the remote control center checks whether the ID is legal and belongs to the user. Select the drip irrigation system for calibration. If the verification fails, the process is terminated. After the verification is passed, the terminal obtains the original installation location information of the measurement and control module from the remote control center. Finally, the terminal displays the original location of the measurement and control module and the real-time location of the terminal on the GIS map layer, which is convenient for users to find the original installation location of the measurement and control module.
4)智能滴灌系统布置4) Intelligent drip irrigation system layout
为减少田间的测控模块、电控阀门等投入数量，降低智能滴灌系统的整体成本，本技术方案提升了单个滴灌灌水小区面积，主要实施方案为使用口径在110mm以上的大口径支管为管网支管，优选采用PE材料可收放软管，提升滴灌管网支管上的流量，因此单根支管可控制面积更大。将毛管直接连接在滴灌系统支管上，每根支管控制一个灌溉小区，由于支管流量压力较高，因此在毛管入口安装具有压力流量调节装置，保证进入毛管的水压符合毛管工作范围。毛管使用滴灌灌水器流量在1.6L/h以下的长毛管、薄管壁滴灌带，该类型滴灌带由于流量小，铺设长度可达100m以上，同时管壁较薄，毛管投入较少，通过大口径支管与小流量、长毛管、薄管壁滴灌带的组合，提升了单个灌溉小区的控制面积。电控阀门与测控模块安装在每跟支管与管网干管的连接处，用于控制整个支管，优选电控阀门采用微功耗的直流低电压脉冲电磁阀，即电压在6V以下的微功耗阀门，以脉冲信号进行控制，阀门开启、关闭瞬间进行供电，正常工作过程中不耗电，以满足田间电池供电条件下长时间运作的需求。In order to reduce the input of measurement and control modules, electronic control valves, etc. in the field, and reduce the overall cost of the intelligent drip irrigation system, this technical solution increases the area of a single drip irrigation area. The main implementation plan is to use large-diameter branch pipes with a diameter of 110mm or more as pipe network branch pipes , It is preferable to use PE material to retract the hose to increase the flow rate on the branch pipe of the drip irrigation pipe network, so a single branch pipe can control a larger area. The capillary is directly connected to the branch pipe of the drip irrigation system. Each branch pipe controls an irrigation area. Due to the high flow pressure of the branch pipe, a pressure flow adjustment device is installed at the entrance of the capillary pipe to ensure that the water pressure entering the capillary pipe meets the working range of the capillary pipe. The capillary uses a long-capillary and thin-wall drip irrigation belt with a drip irrigation emitter flow rate below 1.6L/h. Due to the low flow rate of this type of drip irrigation belt, the laying length can reach more than 100m. The combination of caliber branch pipe, small flow, long capillary pipe, and thin pipe wall drip irrigation belt increases the control area of a single irrigation area. The electronically controlled valve and the measurement and control module are installed at the connection between each branch pipe and the main pipe of the pipe network to control the entire branch pipe. The power consumption valve is controlled by pulse signal, and the valve is powered on and off instantly, and it does not consume power during normal work, so as to meet the long-term operation requirements under the condition of battery power supply in the field.
每个灌溉小区中安装有一个负责采集土壤水分或作物缺水信息的测控模块，滴灌系统的首部安装有负责控制水泵(或水泵控制器)、施肥机、过滤器的测控模块，同时负责采集首部压力、流量、水泵能耗、EC、pH、过滤器压差信息；每个滴灌系统优选安装一个可以采集温度、湿度、风速、太阳辐射等气象参数的测控模块，当不安装该测控模块时，优选从互联网获取滴灌系统所在位置的气象参数信息。管网布置示意图见图6。Each irrigation area is equipped with a measurement and control module responsible for collecting soil moisture or crop water shortage information. The head of the drip irrigation system is installed with a measurement and control module responsible for controlling the water pump (or water pump controller), fertilizer applicator, and filter. At the same time, it is responsible for collecting the first Pressure, flow, pump energy consumption, EC, pH, filter pressure difference information; each drip irrigation system is preferably installed with a measurement and control module that can collect meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. When the measurement and control module is not installed, The meteorological parameter information of the location where the drip irrigation system is located is preferably obtained from the Internet. The schematic diagram of pipe network layout is shown in Figure 6.
以构建一座位于北京市通州区、控制面积为1000亩规模化小麦智能滴灌系统为例，说明发明工作过程。该1000亩滴灌系统共分为10个灌溉小区，每个灌溉小区进口设置1个测控模块及其所控制的3V微功耗低压直流脉冲电磁阀，每个灌溉小区中设置一个可以采集土壤水分的测控模块，首部设置有控制水泵、施肥机、过滤器的测控模块，可采集流量、压力、pH、电导率、养分、电能、功耗信息。系统中单独设立一个可以采集气象信息的测控模块。上述测控模块均通过4G无线通信的方式接入到远程控制中心，测控模块外壳上附有包含测控模块ID信息的二维码图片。管网以口径为160mm的塑料软管作为支管，每根支管控制一个灌溉小区，毛管采用流量为0.8L/h的小流量、长毛管、薄管壁滴灌带产品，毛管连接在支管上，毛管进口安装有压力流量调节装置，可将毛管进口压力稳定在10m工作水头。Taking the construction of a large-scale wheat intelligent drip irrigation system located in Tongzhou District, Beijing, with a control area of 1,000 mu as an example, the working process of the invention is explained. The 1,000-acre drip irrigation system is divided into 10 irrigation areas. Each irrigation area is equipped with a measurement and control module and a 3V micro-power low-voltage DC pulse solenoid valve controlled by it. Each irrigation area is equipped with a sensor that can collect soil moisture. The measurement and control module, the first part is equipped with a measurement and control module for controlling water pumps, fertilizer applicators, and filters, which can collect flow, pressure, pH, conductivity, nutrients, electric energy, and power consumption information. A measurement and control module that can collect meteorological information is separately set up in the system. The above-mentioned measurement and control modules are all connected to the remote control center through 4G wireless communication, and a two-dimensional code picture containing the ID information of the measurement and control module is attached to the casing of the measurement and control module. The pipe network uses plastic hoses with a diameter of 160mm as branch pipes. Each branch pipe controls an irrigation area. The capillary pipe adopts a small flow rate of 0.8L/h, a long capillary pipe, and a thin tube wall drip irrigation belt product. The capillary pipe is connected to the branch pipe. The inlet is equipped with a pressure flow regulating device, which can stabilize the capillary inlet pressure at 10m working head.
(1)实施例1：智能决策流程(1) Embodiment 1: Intelligent decision-making process
本实施例中以土壤水分作为衡量作物是否缺水的指标，通过布置在二号灌溉小区中的测控模块采集到的土壤水分，远程控制中心判断当前田间小麦处于缺水状态，同时，监测短期之内没有有效降雨，此时，远程控制中心计算得出需要在24小时内进行灌溉，灌溉持续时间4小时，并将上述灌溉内容制定为灌溉任务，当下次二号灌溉小区内的测控模块从休眠中唤醒后，将此灌溉任务同步至二号灌溉小区测控模块。二号灌溉小区控制其连接的电控阀门开启的同时，首部的测控模块控制水泵开启，执行灌溉施肥。任务执行完成后，管理人员可对本次灌溉的效果进评价，评价结果将储存进入数据库，指导远程控制中心进行自学习，通过数据累积，决策流程会避免在其他条件相同时做出满足管理人员评价结果，避免做出评价结果为负面的决策。In this embodiment, soil moisture is used as an index to measure whether the crops are short of water. Through the soil moisture collected by the measurement and control module arranged in the No. 2 irrigation plot, the remote control center judges that the current field wheat is in a state of water shortage. At this time, the remote control center calculates that irrigation needs to be carried out within 24 hours, and the irrigation duration is 4 hours, and formulates the above irrigation content as an irrigation task. After waking up in the middle, the irrigation task will be synchronized to the No. 2 irrigation area measurement and control module. While the No. 2 irrigation plot controls the opening of the electronically controlled valve connected to it, the measurement and control module at the head controls the opening of the water pump to perform irrigation and fertilization. After the task is completed, the management personnel can evaluate the irrigation effect, and the evaluation results will be stored in the database to guide the remote control center to carry out self-learning. Through data accumulation, the decision-making process will avoid satisfying the management personnel when other conditions are the same. Evaluate the results and avoid making decisions that are negatively evaluated.
(2)实施例2：测控模块休眠策略(2) Embodiment 2: Measurement and control module sleep strategy
以控制二号灌溉小区的测控模块为例说明休眠策略的执行，二号灌溉小区的测控模块及其所控制的电控阀门安装在控制该灌溉小区支管进口处。远程控制中心制定的灌溉任务为2天后进行灌溉，测控模块首次唤醒时，从远程控制中心获取灌溉任务，任务获取完毕后，测控模块进入休眠状态，测控模块内部的微控制器进入低功耗状态，其他电路关闭。12小时后，微控制器将测控模块唤醒，通过无线通信模块向远程控制中心主动上报已经由休眠状态转入工作状态，核对灌溉任务，灌溉任务此时由于管理人员修改，10小时后需要进行灌溉，灌溉持续2小时，此时测控模块重新从远程控制中心接受新的灌溉任务，并将休眠周期设定为10小时，转入休眠状态。10小时后，测控模块再次由休眠转入工作状态，并控制电控阀门开启，执行2小时灌溉任务，任务完成后，向远程控制中心上报灌溉结束，并从远程控制中心接收7天后进行灌溉新的任务，然后进入以12小时为周期的灌溉休眠。Take the measurement and control module controlling the No. 2 irrigation plot as an example to illustrate the implementation of the sleep strategy. The measurement and control module of the No. 2 irrigation plot and the electronically controlled valves it controls are installed at the branch pipe inlet of the irrigation plot. The irrigation task formulated by the remote control center is to irrigate after 2 days. When the measurement and control module wakes up for the first time, it obtains the irrigation task from the remote control center. After the task is obtained, the measurement and control module enters a sleep state, and the microcontroller inside the measurement and control module enters a low power consumption state , the other circuits are turned off. After 12 hours, the microcontroller wakes up the measurement and control module, and actively reports to the remote control center through the wireless communication module that it has changed from the dormant state to the working state, and checks the irrigation task. The irrigation task needs to be irrigated after 10 hours due to the modification of the management personnel. , the irrigation lasts for 2 hours. At this time, the measurement and control module accepts new irrigation tasks from the remote control center again, and sets the sleep cycle to 10 hours, and then enters the sleep state. After 10 hours, the measurement and control module will switch from dormancy to working state again, and control the opening of the electric control valve to perform the irrigation task for 2 hours. After the task is completed, it will report the end of irrigation to the remote control center, and receive the new irrigation after 7 days from the remote control center. task, and then enter into a 12-hour period of irrigation dormancy.
(3)实施例3：基于信息标识的测控模块管理方法(3) Embodiment 3: Management method of measurement and control module based on information identification
①测控模块的部署过程示例① Example of the deployment process of the measurement and control module
首先，使用本滴灌系统用户名与密码通过终端即本例中的智能手机登录远程控制中心。由于本次进行测控模块管理的现场在北京通州区，本例中所要配置的土壤水分数据的测控模块属于北京通州1000亩小麦智能化滴灌系统，故在登录后，首先通过手机选择该滴灌系统。选择完成后，用户在手机中选择测控模块配置功能，使用手机扫描二维码图片。手机读取测控模块基本信息，同时将ID上报至远程控制中心。远程控制中心在数据库模块查询ID后发现该测控模块在本滴灌系统中不存在，则提示用户是否对该测控模块进行配置。此时选择进行配置，此时终端则提示用户对信息进行补充。本例中需要补充测控模块所属灌溉小区，本例中选择“二号灌溉小区”。若此时终端所在地点与测控模块所要部署安装的地点相同，则该测控模块的位置信息无需人工录入，由终端自动录入；若不在所要部署安装的地点，则可人工录入安装位置的经纬度或直接在电子地图上点选所要安装的大致位置。信息补充完成后，终端将测控模块基本信息、位置信息、补充信息发送至远程控制中心。远程控制中心首先检验接受到的信息是否完整、准确、合法，经校验符合要求，然后将其保存到数据库，同时向手机反馈配置完成的信息。First, use the user name and password of the drip irrigation system to log in to the remote control center through the terminal, that is, the smartphone in this example. Since the site where the measurement and control module is managed this time is in Tongzhou District, Beijing, the measurement and control module for soil moisture data to be configured in this example belongs to the 1000-mu wheat intelligent drip irrigation system in Tongzhou, Beijing. Therefore, after logging in, first select the drip irrigation system through the mobile phone. After the selection is completed, the user selects the measurement and control module configuration function in the mobile phone, and uses the mobile phone to scan the QR code picture. The mobile phone reads the basic information of the measurement and control module, and at the same time reports the ID to the remote control center. The remote control center finds that the measurement and control module does not exist in the drip irrigation system after querying the ID of the database module, and then prompts the user whether to configure the measurement and control module. At this time, choose to configure, and the terminal will prompt the user to supplement the information. In this example, it is necessary to supplement the irrigation area to which the measurement and control module belongs. In this example, select "No. 2 irrigation area". If the location of the terminal is the same as the location where the measurement and control module is to be deployed and installed, the location information of the measurement and control module does not need to be manually entered, and the terminal will automatically enter it; Click on the approximate location to be installed on the electronic map. After the information is supplemented, the terminal sends the basic information, location information and supplementary information of the measurement and control module to the remote control center. The remote control center first checks whether the received information is complete, accurate, and legal, and meets the requirements after checking, then saves it to the database, and feeds back the configuration completion information to the mobile phone.
②测控模块的配置的修改或删除示例② Example of modifying or deleting the configuration of the measurement and control module
本示例中，使用终端进行登录、滴灌系统选择的流程同①中的测控模块部署过程。此时，本示例中的土壤水分测控模块已经安装部署完成并正常工作，本操作以修改该土壤水分测控模块所属灌溉小区信息为例。In this example, the process of using the terminal to log in and select the drip irrigation system is the same as the deployment process of the measurement and control module in ①. At this point, the soil moisture measurement and control module in this example has been installed and deployed and is working normally. This operation takes modifying the irrigation area information to which the soil moisture measurement and control module belongs as an example.
用户选择配置修改功能并扫描测控模块表面的二维码图片，终端读取测控模块基本信息后并将ID上报至远程控制中心。经滴灌系统校验与比对后，发现ID与相应的配置信息存在，远程控制中心将已存在配置信息下发至手机，由手机终端获取并显示出来。此时显示该测控模块所属灌溉小区为二号灌溉小区，用户对信息进行修改，修改为“三号灌溉小区”。修改完毕后，所发送的信息经远程控制中心核对无误后，保存至数据库，完成配置修改过程同时将修改成功的信息反馈给手机。The user selects the configuration modification function and scans the QR code picture on the surface of the measurement and control module. The terminal reads the basic information of the measurement and control module and reports the ID to the remote control center. After verification and comparison by the drip irrigation system, it is found that the ID and corresponding configuration information exist, and the remote control center sends the existing configuration information to the mobile phone, which is obtained and displayed by the mobile terminal. At this time, it is displayed that the irrigation area to which the measurement and control module belongs is No. 2 irrigation area, and the user modifies the information to "No. 3 irrigation area". After the modification is completed, the sent information is checked by the remote control center and saved to the database. After completing the configuration modification process, the information of successful modification is fed back to the mobile phone.
测控模块配置的删除与修改类似，当终端将该土壤水分测控模块的配置信息显示在终端上后，用户可以选择测控模块删除功能。选择该功能后，终端向远程控制中心发送“测控模块删除”信息，经校验无误后，将该测控模块全部配置信息从远程控制中心数据库中删除，同时该测控模块退出对应滴灌系统。完成删除后，远程控制中心向终端反馈删除成功的信息。The deletion of the measurement and control module configuration is similar to the modification. After the terminal displays the configuration information of the soil moisture measurement and control module on the terminal, the user can select the function of deleting the measurement and control module. After selecting this function, the terminal sends a message of "delete measurement and control module" to the remote control center. After the verification is correct, all configuration information of the measurement and control module is deleted from the database of the remote control center, and the measurement and control module exits the corresponding drip irrigation system. After the deletion is completed, the remote control center feeds back information that the deletion is successful to the terminal.
③定位功能示例③Example of positioning function
本例中，由于田间进行机械化播种作业，将某测控模块从田间收回，现需要将其安装在原有位置。用户扫描所需要再次安装的测控模块表面二维码。终端读取二维码信息并将ID上报至远程控制中心。远程控制中心校验该ID后，将数据库中所保存的该测控模块位置信息发送至终端，终端读取该测控模块的原安装点经纬度坐标为东经116.698051°北纬39.711087°，然后将该安装点坐标以图标的形式显示在手机的电子地图上。同时，通过终端内定位功能所获取的终端当前位置(即目前用户所在位置)为东经116.699021°北纬39.711503°，其中，终端的位置实时更新。获取两点位置信息后，在电子地图上显示两点实时的相对位置与距离(功能类似与常用的手机导航软件)，指引用户前往该点。In this example, due to mechanized seeding operations in the field, a certain measurement and control module was withdrawn from the field, and now it needs to be installed in its original position. The user scans the QR code on the surface of the measurement and control module that needs to be installed again. The terminal reads the QR code information and reports the ID to the remote control center. After verifying the ID, the remote control center sends the location information of the measurement and control module saved in the database to the terminal, and the terminal reads the longitude and latitude coordinates of the original installation point of the measurement and control module as east longitude 116.698051° north latitude 39.711087°, and then the installation point coordinates It is displayed on the electronic map of the mobile phone in the form of an icon. At the same time, the current location of the terminal (that is, the current location of the user) obtained through the positioning function in the terminal is 116.699021° east longitude and 39.711503° north latitude, wherein the location of the terminal is updated in real time. After obtaining the location information of the two points, the real-time relative position and distance of the two points will be displayed on the electronic map (the function is similar to the commonly used mobile phone navigation software), and the user will be guided to the point.
本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
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