技术领域technical field
本发明属于太阳能利用相关技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种基于太阳能气化反应的多类型燃料制备工艺方法。The invention belongs to the technical field related to solar energy utilization, and more specifically relates to a multi-type fuel preparation method based on solar gasification reaction.
背景技术Background technique
在全球气候变暖和能源危机的背景下，太阳能因其可再生、分布广泛、储量巨大、利用简单而格外受到重视。由于太阳能属于辐射能，具有瞬时性的特点，无法保证太阳能持续稳定地输出。为了克服太阳能的瞬时性的缺点，太阳能利用技术往往需要与储能装置搭配使用。目前的太阳能储能技术主要集中在满足电力需求，其效率和储量受制于电池技术的发展，短期内难以取得突破，因此需要寻找新型高效的太阳能储能技术。Under the background of global warming and energy crisis, solar energy has been paid special attention because of its renewable, wide distribution, huge reserves and simple utilization. Since solar energy belongs to radiant energy and has the characteristics of instantaneousness, it cannot guarantee the continuous and stable output of solar energy. In order to overcome the shortcoming of the instantaneous nature of solar energy, solar energy utilization technology often needs to be used in conjunction with energy storage devices. The current solar energy storage technology is mainly focused on meeting the demand for electricity. Its efficiency and reserves are limited by the development of battery technology, and it is difficult to make breakthroughs in the short term. Therefore, it is necessary to find new and efficient solar energy storage technologies.
所谓太阳能气化技术，是通过聚光器提高太阳的入射强度，可提供约2000℃的高温，驱动含碳物料发生高温气化反应，生成热值高、焦油含量低的高品位合成气，相应使得太阳能以化学能的形式存储下来。现有技术中已经提出了一些解决方案，期望能够获得尽可能高的太阳能转化效率。例如，CN201510303447.0提出了一种太阳能高温热化学气化反应器，其中通过对反应器内部构造的改造，能够更加高效利用太阳能驱动煤炭和生物质等固体碳氢燃料进行气化反应，实现太阳能向高品质合成气的转化；又如，CN201610227261.6提出了一种中低温太阳能-生物质气化多联产系统，其中通过对系统不同品位能量进行梯级利用，达到提供能量利用效率高的目的。The so-called solar gasification technology is to increase the incident intensity of the sun through the concentrator, which can provide a high temperature of about 2000 ℃, drive the high-temperature gasification reaction of carbon-containing materials, and generate high-grade syngas with high calorific value and low tar content. The solar energy is stored in the form of chemical energy. Some solutions have been proposed in the prior art, and it is expected to obtain as high a solar energy conversion efficiency as possible. For example, CN201510303447.0 proposes a solar high-temperature thermochemical gasification reactor, in which through the modification of the internal structure of the reactor, the solar energy can be used more efficiently to drive solid hydrocarbon fuels such as coal and biomass for gasification reactions, realizing solar energy Conversion to high-quality syngas; as another example, CN201610227261.6 proposes a medium and low temperature solar energy-biomass gasification polygeneration system, in which the energy utilization of different grades of the system is cascaded to achieve the purpose of providing high energy utilization efficiency .
然而，进一步的研究表明，现有技术仍存在以下的缺陷或不足：首先，这些太阳能气化技术只能制备单一特征的合成气产品，却忽视了合成气具备运输燃料、提取氢气、制备化工制品等多种用途，相应从最终获得的产品类型角度看导致含碳物料和太阳能的利用率不足，尤其是无法根据工况需要来准确、方便地调整目标产物及其特征，无法满足社会生产中日趋多样化的能源和非能源需求；其次，以上方案往往更关注合成气的热值，却对合成气的高附加值利用方式研究不足，由此极大地限制了太阳能和含碳物料高品位利用。相应地，本领域亟需做出进一步的改进，以便更好地符合现代化大生产过程中对太阳能气化应用场合的更高需求。However, further studies have shown that the existing technologies still have the following defects or deficiencies: First, these solar gasification technologies can only produce syngas products with a single characteristic, but ignore that syngas has the ability to transport fuel, extract hydrogen, and prepare chemical products. Correspondingly, from the perspective of the final product type, the utilization rate of carbon-containing materials and solar energy is insufficient, especially the target product and its characteristics cannot be adjusted accurately and conveniently according to the needs of working conditions, and it cannot meet the needs of social production. Diversified energy and non-energy demands; secondly, the above schemes often pay more attention to the calorific value of syngas, but insufficient research on the high value-added utilization of syngas, which greatly limits the high-grade utilization of solar energy and carbon-containing materials. Correspondingly, there is an urgent need for further improvements in this field in order to better meet the higher requirements for solar gasification applications in modern large-scale production processes.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的以上不足之处和改进需求，本发明提供了一种基于太阳能气化反应的多类型燃料制备工艺方法，其中通过对整个反应过程尤其是实时检测控制步骤等方面进行针对性设计和调整，相应不仅能够获得多种类型的气体产物，而且这些气体产物的组分及特征能够以高响应度和便于操控的方式执行灵活调整，同时具备高质量、高效率、适应性好等特点，并有效解决了太阳能的储存及运输、多种含碳物料的高效及高附加值利用等问题。Aiming at the above deficiencies and improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-type fuel preparation process based on solar gasification reaction, wherein the entire reaction process, especially the real-time detection and control steps, etc. are designed in a targeted manner Correspondingly, various types of gas products can be obtained, and the components and characteristics of these gas products can be flexibly adjusted in a high-responsive and easy-to-manipulate manner, and at the same time have the characteristics of high quality, high efficiency, and good adaptability. , and effectively solve the storage and transportation of solar energy, the efficient and high value-added utilization of various carbon-containing materials, etc.
为实现上述目的，按照本发明，提供了一种基于太阳能气化反应的多类型燃料制备工艺方法，其特征在于，该方法包括下列步骤：In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a kind of multi-type fuel preparation method based on solar gasification reaction is provided, it is characterized in that, this method comprises the following steps:
(a)将含碳物料置入太阳能气化反应系统中，调节太阳能辐射强度达到预定的气化反应温度，同时采用蒸汽发生器通入适量的水蒸气，含碳物料在一定压强条件下发生气化反应，并获得混杂有水蒸气的气体产物；(a) Put the carbon-containing material into the solar gasification reaction system, adjust the solar radiation intensity to reach the predetermined gasification reaction temperature, and at the same time use a steam generator to feed an appropriate amount of water vapor, and the carbon-containing material will generate gas under a certain pressure. chemical reaction, and obtain a gaseous product mixed with water vapor;
(b)所述蒸汽发生器继续通入水蒸气，与气化产物在换热器中进行热交换，并使得气体产物的温度得以降低，直至水蒸气凝结分离得到干燥的气体产物；接着，使CO2从气体产物中分离，相应提高气体产物中CH4、H2和CO的含量；(b) The steam generator continues to feed water vapor to exchange heat with the gasification product in a heat exchanger, and the temperature of the gas product is reduced until the water vapor is condensed and separated to obtain a dry gas product; then, the CO2 Separated from the gas product, correspondingly increase the content of CH4 , H2 and CO in the gas product;
(c)将气体产物中的目标产物设定为高热值气体燃料、富氢气体和高品位合成气三类，其中高热值气体燃料是低位热值高于14.0MJ/Nm3的可燃气体，富氢气体是氢气比例超过85％的气体，高品位合成气是H2/CO高于2的气体；依照以上类别对气体产物实时检测其气体组分及参数，并将检测到的信号反馈给控制系统；(c) The target products in the gas products are set tothree types: high calorific value gas fuel, hydrogen-rich gas and high-grade synthesis gas, among which high calorific value gas fuel is combustible gas with Hydrogen gas is a gas with a hydrogen ratio of more than 85%, and high-grade synthesis gas is a gas with H2 /CO higher than 2; the gas components and parameters of the gas products are detected in real time according to the above categories, and the detected signals are fed back to the control system;
(d)所述控制系统根据实际气体产物与目标气体产物之间的组分及参数差异，对步骤(a)中包括气化反应温度、水蒸气与含碳物料的质量比，以及气化反应压强等条件进行实时闭环调节，由此最终获得所需的目标产物。(d) According to the component and parameter differences between the actual gas product and the target gas product, the control system includes the gasification reaction temperature, the mass ratio of water vapor and carbonaceous material, and the gasification reaction in step (a). Real-time closed-loop adjustment of pressure and other conditions, so as to finally obtain the desired target product.
作为进一步优选地，在步骤(a)中，所述含碳物料包括以下物质中的一种或组合：煤炭、生物质、石油焦、城市生活垃圾等。As a further preference, in step (a), the carbonaceous material includes one or a combination of the following substances: coal, biomass, petroleum coke, municipal solid waste, and the like.
作为进一步优选地，在步骤(a)中，所述水蒸气的通入速率优选设定为0.5L/min～5L/min，进一步优选为1.5L/min～3L/min。As a further preference, in step (a), the rate of introduction of the water vapor is preferably set at 0.5L/min˜5L/min, more preferably 1.5L/min˜3L/min.
作为进一步优选地，在步骤(b)中，优选采用螺旋板换热器来执行水蒸气与气化产物之间的热交换，并优选采用水冷式冷却器来降低气体产物的温度。As a further preference, in step (b), a spiral plate heat exchanger is preferably used to perform heat exchange between the water vapor and the gasification product, and a water-cooled cooler is preferably used to reduce the temperature of the gas product.
作为进一步优选地，在步骤(b)中，优选采用以钾修饰水滑石为吸附剂的变压吸附系统分离CO2，并且去除率设定为90％以上。As a further preference, in step (b), it is preferable to adopt a pressure swing adsorption system using potassium-modified hydrotalcite as an adsorbent to separate CO2 , and the removal rate is set to be above 90%.
作为进一步优选地，所述控制系统优选具备三种工作模式也即热值气体燃料工作模式、富氢气体工作模式和高品位合成气工作模式，并且各工作模式各自预设有不同的温度、压力和水蒸气流量等参数值，并通过将这些参数值发送给对应的温度控制模块、压力控制模块和水蒸气流量控制模块来选择性执行所述实时闭环调节过程；此外，所述温度控制模块优选采用PID控制，所述压力控制模块、水蒸气流量控制模块优选采用PI控制。As a further preference, the control system is preferably equipped with three working modes, that is, calorific value gas fuel working mode, hydrogen-rich gas working mode and high-grade syngas working mode, and each working mode is preset with different temperature and pressure and water vapor flow and other parameter values, and selectively execute the real-time closed-loop adjustment process by sending these parameter values to the corresponding temperature control module, pressure control module and water vapor flow control module; in addition, the temperature control module preferably PID control is adopted, and the pressure control module and the water vapor flow control module preferably adopt PI control.
作为进一步优选地，对于所述温度控制模块而言，它优选是由辐射高温计、模数转换器、温度控制器和伺服电机组成的闭环控制模块；其中辐射高温计测得的温度信号由数模转换器转换为数字信号输入温度控制器，控制器根据设定好的目标温度控制伺服电机调整栅格开度，保证反应器内实际温度与设定温度差值在±5℃范围内。As further preferably, for the temperature control module, it is preferably a closed-loop control module composed of a radiation pyrometer, an analog-to-digital converter, a temperature controller and a servo motor; wherein the temperature signal measured by the radiation pyrometer is determined by a digital The analog converter is converted into a digital signal input to the temperature controller, and the controller controls the servo motor to adjust the grid opening according to the set target temperature to ensure that the difference between the actual temperature in the reactor and the set temperature is within ±5°C.
作为进一步优选地，对于压力控制模块而言，它是由压力传感器、模数转换器、压力控制器和电磁阀组成的闭环控制模块；其中压力传感器测得的压力信号由模数转换器转换为数字信号输入压力控制器，压力控制器根据设定的压力值控制电磁阀的开度，保证反应器内实际压力与设定压力差值在±5kPa范围内。As further preferably, for the pressure control module, it is a closed-loop control module composed of a pressure sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, a pressure controller and a solenoid valve; wherein the pressure signal measured by the pressure sensor is converted by the analog-to-digital converter into The digital signal is input to the pressure controller, and the pressure controller controls the opening of the solenoid valve according to the set pressure value to ensure that the difference between the actual pressure and the set pressure in the reactor is within the range of ±5kPa.
作为进一步优选地，对于所述水蒸气流量控制模块而言，它是由流量计、模数转换器、流量控制器和电磁阀组成的闭环控制模块；其中流量器测得的流量信号由模数转换器转换为数字信号输入流量控制器，流量控制器根据设定的流量范围控制电磁阀开度，保证输入反应器的实际水蒸气流量与设定流量差值在±0.1L/min范围内。As further preferably, for the water vapor flow control module, it is a closed-loop control module composed of a flowmeter, an analog-to-digital converter, a flow controller and a solenoid valve; wherein the flow signal measured by the flowmeter is determined by the modulus The converter is converted into a digital signal input flow controller, and the flow controller controls the opening of the solenoid valve according to the set flow range to ensure that the difference between the actual water vapor flow input into the reactor and the set flow is within ±0.1L/min.
作为进一步优选地，在所述热值气体燃料工作模式下，由在线气体分析仪输入的信号被设定为气体热值；在所述富氢气体工作模式下，由在线气体分析仪输入的信号被设定为氢气比例；而在所述高品位合成气工作模式下，由在线气体分析仪输入的信号被设定为氢气与一氧化碳的比例；当系统启动时以最低参数运行，若在线气体分析的测量值未达到期望值，则在设定范围内逐步自动提高运行参数，直至得到期望的气体产物。As a further preference, in the heating value gas fuel working mode, the signal input by the online gas analyzer is set as the gas heating value; in the hydrogen-rich gas working mode, the signal input by the online gas analyzer is set to the ratio of hydrogen; and in the high-grade syngas working mode, the signal input by the online gas analyzer is set to the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide; when the system is started, it operates with the lowest parameters, if the online gas analysis If the measured value does not reach the expected value, the operating parameters will be gradually increased within the set range until the desired gas product is obtained.
作为进一步优选地，所述温度控制系统优选采用PID控制，其中P、I、D进一步优选分别为40、5和0.7；所述压力控制模块优选采用PI控制，其中P、I进一步优选分别为50和1.7；所述水蒸气流量控制模块优选采用PI控制，其中P、I进一步优选分别为70和0.5。As further preferably, the temperature control system preferably adopts PID control, wherein P, I, D are further preferably 40, 5 and 0.7 respectively; the pressure control module preferably adopts PI control, wherein P, I are further preferably 50 respectively and 1.7; the steam flow control module preferably adopts PI control, wherein P and I are further preferably 70 and 0.5 respectively.
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，通过对整个工艺路线的关键步骤进行针对性研究和设计，不仅可根据工况实际需要来实时调整获得多种类型的气化产物，而且水蒸气作为气化剂的方式可显著降低最终获得的气化产物中的杂质；此外，该工艺方法能够实现对太阳能的高效画像存储，同时具备原料适应范围广、气化残留物仅为含碳物料本身的少量灰分，以及产物多样，应用灵活等特点，因而尤其适用于工业化大规模生产的太阳能气化燃料制备应用场合。Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can not only adjust in real time according to the actual needs of working conditions, but also obtain various types of gasification products, and water vapor as a gasification agent can significantly reduce the impurities in the final gasification products; in addition, this process method can realize efficient image storage of solar energy, and has a wide range of raw materials to adapt to, gasification residue The material is only a small amount of ash in the carbonaceous material itself, and the products are diverse and flexible in application, so it is especially suitable for the application of solar gasification fuel preparation in industrial mass production.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是按照本发明优选实施方式所构建的多类型燃料制备方法的工艺流程图；Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the multi-type fuel preparation method constructed according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图2是示范性显示按照本发明所制得的富氢气体的温度-参数曲线图；Fig. 2 is the temperature-parameter graph that exemplary shows the hydrogen-rich gas that makes according to the present invention;
图3是示范性显示按照本发明所制得的高品位合成气的温度-参数曲线图。Fig. 3 is a temperature-parameter graph exemplarily showing the high-grade synthesis gas produced according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.
图1是按照本发明所构建的多类型燃料制备方法的工艺流程图。如图1所示，该工艺方法主要包括太阳能气化反应、热交换、降低分离、去除CO2等操作；此外还专门针对多类型燃料的制备要求设计了相应的目标产物类型分类、实时检测和实时闭环反馈控制等操作。下面将对这些步骤逐一进行具体解释说明。Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of the multi-type fuel preparation method constructed according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the process mainly includes operations such as solar gasification reaction, heat exchange, reduction and separation, and removal of CO2 ; in addition, the corresponding target product type classification, real-time detection and Real-time closed-loop feedback control and other operations. These steps will be explained in detail below one by one.
首先，将各类广泛可用的含碳物料置入太阳能气化反应系统中，含碳物料包括但不限于煤炭、生物质、石油焦、城市生活垃圾中的一种或多种，其颗粒大小不限；接着调节太阳能辐射强度达到预定的气化反应温度(譬如1000K～1150K)，同时采用蒸汽发生器通入适量的水蒸气作为气化剂，含碳物料在一定压强条件下譬如发生1min～5min的气化反应，并获得混杂有水蒸气的气体产物。在此步骤中，作为关键反应条件之一，水蒸气的通入速率优选设定为0.5L/min～5L/min，进一步优选为1.5L/min～3L/min；以此方式，较多的实际测试表明，能够获得杂质极少的气化产物，而且方便进行后续处理。Firstly, various widely available carbonaceous materials are put into the solar gasification reaction system. The carbonaceous materials include but not limited to one or more of coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and municipal solid waste. Then adjust the solar radiation intensity to reach the predetermined gasification reaction temperature (such as 1000K ~ 1150K), and at the same time, use a steam generator to feed an appropriate amount of water vapor as a gasification agent. gasification reaction and obtain gaseous products mixed with water vapor. In this step, as one of the key reaction conditions, the feed rate of water vapor is preferably set at 0.5L/min～5L/min, more preferably 1.5L/min～3L/min; in this way, more Actual tests show that gasification products with very few impurities can be obtained, and subsequent treatment is convenient.
接着，蒸汽发生器继续通入水蒸气，与气化产物在换热器中进行热交换，并使得气体产物的温度得以降低，直至水蒸气凝结分离得到干燥的气体产物；接着，使CO2从气体产物中分离，相应提高气体产物中CH4、H2和CO的含量。Then, the steam generator continues to feed water vapor, heat exchange with the gasification product in the heat exchanger, and reduce the temperature of the gas product until the water vapor is condensed and separated to obtain a dry gas product; then, theCO2 is separated from the gas The product is separated, and the content of CH4 , H2 and CO in the gas product is correspondingly increased.
更具体地，按照本发明的一个优选实施方式，可采用螺旋板换热器来执行水蒸气与气化产物之间的热交换，并可采用水冷式冷却器来降低气体产物的温度。此外，鉴于分离CO2效果直接影响到后期的在线检测精度，经过较多的对比测试，按照本发明的一个优选实施方式，采用以钾修饰水滑石为吸附剂的变压吸附系统分离CO2，并且去除率设定为90％以上。More specifically, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a spiral plate heat exchanger may be used to perform heat exchange between water vapor and gasification products, and a water-cooled cooler may be used to reduce the temperature of gas products. In addition, in view of the fact that the effect of separating CO2 directly affects the accuracy of on-line detection in the later stage, after more comparative tests, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a pressure swing adsorption system using potassium-modified hydrotalcite as the adsorbent is used to separate CO2 , And the removal rate is set above 90%.
接着，作为本发明的关键改进之一，紧密结合以上的反应体系及实际工况需求，本发明中将气体产物中的目标产物设定为高热值气体燃料、富氢气体和高品位合成气三类，其中高热值气体燃料是低位热值高于14.0MJ/Nm3的可燃气体，富氢气体是氢气比例超过85％的气体，高品位合成气是H2/CO高于2的气体；并且依照以上类别对气体产物实时检测其气体组分及参数，然后将检测到的信号反馈给控制系统。Next, as one of the key improvements of the present invention, in close combination with the above reaction system and actual working condition requirements, the target products in the gas products are set as high calorific value gas fuel, hydrogen-rich gas and high-grade synthesis gas in the present invention. Category, where the high-calorific value gas fuel is a combustible gas with a low calorific value higher than 14.0MJ/Nm3 , the hydrogen-rich gas is a gas with a hydrogen ratio exceeding 85%, and the high-grade synthesis gas is a gas with a H2 /CO ratio higher than 2; and According to the above categories, the gas components and parameters of the gas products are detected in real time, and then the detected signals are fed back to the control system.
最后，所述控制系统根据实际气体产物与目标气体产物之间的组分及参数差异，对以上步骤中包括气化反应温度、水蒸气与含碳物料的质量比，以及气化反应压强等条件进行实时闭环调节，由此最终获得所需的目标产物。Finally, according to the composition and parameter differences between the actual gas product and the target gas product, the control system controls the gasification reaction temperature, the mass ratio of water vapor to carbonaceous material, and the gasification reaction pressure in the above steps. Real-time closed-loop adjustment is performed to finally obtain the desired target product.
更具体地，作为本发明的另一关键改进，专门对闭环调节模块及其控制算法进行了改进设计。其中，整个系统以最低运行参数启动，根据在线气体分析仪的测量值，逐步自动提高运行参数。参数调整优先顺序为温度、水蒸气流量、压力。运行温度达到最高运行温度时，停止提高温度转为提高水蒸气流量。水蒸气流量的调整达到极限时，则将运行压力提高0.5bar继续运行。若仍然得不到目标产物，则控制系统维持压力与水蒸气流量不变，将温度降低50℃运行，同时发出“运行错误”警告并尝试以当前参数重新启动系统。More specifically, as another key improvement of the present invention, the closed-loop regulation module and its control algorithm are specially improved and designed. Among them, the whole system starts with the lowest operating parameters, and gradually increases the operating parameters automatically according to the measured value of the online gas analyzer. The order of priority for parameter adjustment is temperature, water vapor flow, and pressure. When the operating temperature reaches the maximum operating temperature, stop increasing the temperature and switch to increasing the water vapor flow. When the adjustment of the water vapor flow reaches the limit, the operating pressure will be increased by 0.5 bar to continue the operation. If the target product is still not obtained, the control system maintains the pressure and steam flow rate unchanged, lowers the temperature by 50°C, and at the same time issues an "operation error" warning and tries to restart the system with the current parameters.
以下将结合两个具体实施例来更为清晰地说明本发明的工艺过程及产物。The process and products of the present invention will be more clearly described below in conjunction with two specific examples.
实施例1Example 1
S1：将褐煤加入太阳能反应器中；S1: adding lignite into the solar reactor;
S2：调节聚焦太阳能辐射强度达到反应温度(950～1050K)，压强稳定在10±1bar，将水蒸气以0.5～1.5L/min速率通入太阳能反应器内，含碳物料发生气化反应，反应时间为1～5min；S2: Adjust the intensity of focused solar radiation to reach the reaction temperature (950-1050K), stabilize the pressure at 10±1bar, pass water vapor into the solar reactor at a rate of 0.5-1.5L/min, and gasify the carbon-containing material. The time is 1 to 5 minutes;
S3：蒸汽发生器中产生的水蒸气与气体产物在换热器中进行热交换，进一步提高水蒸气温度同时降低气体产物温度，便于后续处理；S3: The water vapor and gas products generated in the steam generator are heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger to further increase the temperature of the water vapor and reduce the temperature of the gas products, which is convenient for subsequent processing;
S4：冷却气体产物，使得水蒸气凝结与其余成分分离，得到干燥的气体产物；S4: cooling the gas product, so that the water vapor is condensed and separated from the remaining components to obtain a dry gas product;
S5：通过变压吸附使CO2从气体产物中分离，提高气体产物中CH4、H2和CO的含量；S5: Separating CO2 from the gas product by pressure swing adsorption, increasing the content of CH4 , H2 and CO in the gas product;
S6:：通过在线烟气分析仪检测实时气体组分，将监测到的信号返回给分散控制系统(DCS)；S6:: Detect real-time gas components through the online flue gas analyzer, and return the monitored signal to the decentralized control system (DCS);
S7：控制系统根据目标产物与实际气体产物的成分差异，控制反应温度、水蒸气通入速率以及压强在设定范围内实时调节控制目标气体产物浓度和产量，获得了热值为14.06～17.52MJ/Nm3的气体产物，即期望的高热值气体燃料。S7: According to the composition difference between the target product and the actual gas product, the control system controls the reaction temperature, water vapor introduction rate and pressure to adjust and control the concentration and output of the target gas product in real time within the set range, and obtains a calorific value of 14.06-17.52MJ /Nm3 of the gaseous product, that is, the desired high calorific value gaseous fuel.
实施例2Example 2
S1：将褐煤加入太阳能反应器中；S1: adding lignite into the solar reactor;
S2：调节聚焦太阳能辐射强度达到反应温度(900～1000K)，压强稳定在1±0.1bar，将水蒸气以4～5L/min速率通入太阳能反应器内，含碳物料发生气化反应，反应时间为1～5min；S2: Adjust the intensity of focused solar radiation to reach the reaction temperature (900-1000K), stabilize the pressure at 1±0.1bar, and pass water vapor into the solar reactor at a rate of 4-5L/min, and the carbon-containing material will undergo a gasification reaction. The time is 1 to 5 minutes;
S3：蒸汽发生器中产生的水蒸气与气体产物在换热器中进行热交换，进一步提高水蒸气温度同时降低气体产物温度，便于后续处理；S3: The water vapor and gas products generated in the steam generator are heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger to further increase the temperature of the water vapor and reduce the temperature of the gas products, which is convenient for subsequent processing;
S4：冷却气体产物，使得水蒸气凝结与其余成分分离，得到干燥的气体产物；S4: cooling the gas product, so that the water vapor is condensed and separated from the remaining components to obtain a dry gas product;
S5：通过变压吸附使CO2从气体产物中分离，提高气体产物中CH4、H2和CO的含量；S5: Separating CO2 from the gas product by pressure swing adsorption, increasing the content of CH4 , H2 and CO in the gas product;
S6:：通过在线烟气分析仪检测实时气体组分，将监测到的信号返回给分散控制系统(DCS)；S6:: Detect real-time gas components through the online flue gas analyzer, and return the monitored signal to the decentralized control system (DCS);
S7：控制系统根据目标产物与实际气体产物的成分差异，控制反应温度、水蒸气通入速率以及压强在设定范围内实时调节控制目标气体产物浓度和产量，如图2所示得到H2含量精确控制为87.30～90.77％的气体产物，即富氢气体。S7: According to the composition difference between the target product and the actual gas product, the control system controls the reaction temperature, water vapor introduction rate and pressure within the set range to adjust and control the concentration and output of the target gas product in real time, and obtain theH2 content as shown in Figure 2 The precise control is 87.30-90.77% gas product, namely hydrogen-rich gas.
实施例3Example 3
S1：将褐煤加入太阳能反应器中；S1: adding lignite into the solar reactor;
S2：调节聚焦太阳能辐射强度达到反应温度(1000～1150K)，压强稳定在1±0.1bar，将水蒸气以2～3.5L/min速率通入太阳能反应器内，含碳物料发生气化反应，反应时间为1～5min；S2: Adjust the intensity of focused solar radiation to reach the reaction temperature (1000-1150K), stabilize the pressure at 1±0.1bar, pass water vapor into the solar reactor at a rate of 2-3.5L/min, and gasify the carbon-containing material. The reaction time is 1-5 minutes;
S3：蒸汽发生器中产生的水蒸气与气体产物在换热器中进行热交换，进一步提高水蒸气温度同时降低气体产物温度，便于后续处理；S3: The water vapor and gas products generated in the steam generator are heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger to further increase the temperature of the water vapor and reduce the temperature of the gas products, which is convenient for subsequent processing;
S4：冷却气体产物，使得水蒸气凝结与其余成分分离，得到干燥的气体产物；S4: cooling the gas product, so that the water vapor is condensed and separated from the remaining components to obtain a dry gas product;
S5：通过变压吸附使CO2从气体产物中分离，提高气体产物中CH4、H2和CO的含量；S5: Separating CO2 from the gas product by pressure swing adsorption, increasing the content of CH4 , H2 and CO in the gas product;
S6:：通过在线烟气分析仪检测实时气体组分，将监测到的信号返回给分散控制系统(DCS)；S6:: Detect real-time gas components through the online flue gas analyzer, and return the monitored signal to the decentralized control system (DCS);
S7：控制系统根据目标产物与实际气体产物的成分差异，控制反应温度、水蒸气通入速率以及压强在设定范围内实时调节控制目标气体产物浓度和产量，得到H2/CO值为2.08～4.33的气体产物，即高品位合成气。S7: According to the composition difference between the target product and the actual gas product, the control system controls the reaction temperature, water vapor introduction rate and pressure to adjust and control the concentration and output of the target gas product in real time within the set range, and obtain the H2 /CO value of 2.08~ 4.33 gas products, that is, high-grade synthesis gas.
综上，本发明与现有方案相比，能够以便于操控、高质量高效率的方式使用太阳能为气化反应提供热量，实现了太阳能的高效化学存储；其中通过使用含碳物料气化产物作为太阳能的存储介质，可以使用泥煤、褐煤、石油焦、稻壳、棉花秸秆、玉米秸秆、城市生活垃圾等多种含碳物料，原料适应范围广，且气化过程剩余物仅为含碳物料本身所含灰分，实现了多种含碳能源的清洁利用；此外，通过使用水蒸气作为气化剂，气化产物中杂质极少，便于对其进行后续处理。整体来说，本发明与目前的储能技术相比，具有产物多样，应用灵活的优点，能过满足多样化的需求。In summary, compared with the existing solutions, the present invention can use solar energy to provide heat for the gasification reaction in an easy-to-manipulate, high-quality and high-efficiency manner, and realizes efficient chemical storage of solar energy; wherein the gasification product of carbon-containing materials is used as The storage medium of solar energy can use various carbon-containing materials such as peat, lignite, petroleum coke, rice husk, cotton stalks, corn stalks, municipal solid waste, etc. The raw materials can be used in a wide range, and the gasification process residues are only carbon-containing materials The ash contained in itself realizes the clean utilization of various carbon-containing energy sources; in addition, by using water vapor as a gasification agent, there are very few impurities in the gasification product, which is convenient for its subsequent treatment. On the whole, compared with the current energy storage technology, the present invention has the advantages of various products and flexible application, and can meet various demands.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201711317346.4ACN108102722B (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2017-12-12 | A multi-type fuel preparation process based on solar gasification reaction |
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