技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及镍氢电池充电技术领域，具体涉及一种终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of nickel-metal hydride battery charging, and in particular to a system and method for autonomous activation, charge and discharge management of terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries.
背景技术Background technique
目前，终端生产厂家对镍氢电池的管理基本上只具备电压监测和充电两个手段。而且，这两个手段的实现方式过于简单，充电的截止条件未考虑环境温度、个体差异等影响因素，仅仅以充电电压作为判断条件，对镍氢电池活性的维持没有任何技术处理，也并未对镍氢电池充放电次数、当前工作状态、剩余电量做好记录与显示，提醒客户及时有效的更换。At present, terminal manufacturers basically only have two methods to manage nickel-metal hydride batteries: voltage monitoring and charging. Moreover, the implementation of these two methods is too simple. The charging cut-off condition does not take into account factors such as ambient temperature and individual differences. It only uses charging voltage as the judgment condition. There is no technical treatment for maintaining the activity of nickel-metal hydride batteries, and there is no technical treatment for maintaining the activity of nickel-metal hydride batteries. Record and display the number of charge and discharge times, current working status, and remaining power of the nickel-metal hydride battery to remind customers to replace it in a timely and effective manner.
当前电力公司技术管理手段相对落后，采购安装流程也很复杂。电力公司集中采购主要包含以下几个环节：招标前送检、中标后供货前送检、到货全检、存储、安装、调试、运行。出厂后的镍氢电池都是有效充满电荷，因此，在招标前送检、供货前送检和到货全检环节都能有效的提供备用电源。但是，到货检测后从存储到安装的时间阶段较长，少则几周，多则半年一年，电池在这段时间处于自放电状态，由于镍氢电池自放电率较高，在20℃条件下自放电率达到20％-30％/月。At present, the technical management methods of power companies are relatively backward, and the procurement and installation processes are also very complicated. The centralized procurement of electric power companies mainly includes the following links: inspection before bidding, inspection before delivery after winning the bid, full inspection on arrival, storage, installation, debugging, and operation. The nickel-metal hydride batteries are effectively fully charged after leaving the factory. Therefore, backup power can be effectively provided during pre-tender inspection, pre-supply inspection and full arrival inspection. However, the time period from storage to installation after arrival inspection is long, ranging from a few weeks to half a year. During this period, the battery is in a self-discharge state. Due to the high self-discharge rate of nickel-metal hydride batteries, at 20°C Under certain conditions, the self-discharge rate reaches 20%-30%/month.
而且，随着温度升高，电极活性物质活性提高，自放电率还将提升，严重影响电池性能。安装后由于长期不停电，备用电源无用武之地，镍氢电池特性进一步弱化，加上各种地区不同的自然环境交替变换(高温、低温、高湿、盐雾等)，一部分镍氢电池在现场应用一到两年甚至更短的时间便呈现出电压过低、壳体鼓起、不能充电等各种失效状态，与终端十年的设计寿命有很大的差距。当真正停电时发现电池失效，无法实现停电主动上报。Moreover, as the temperature increases, the activity of the electrode active material increases, and the self-discharge rate will also increase, seriously affecting battery performance. After installation, due to long-term power outages, the backup power supply is useless, and the characteristics of the nickel-metal hydride batteries are further weakened. In addition, due to the alternation of different natural environments in various regions (high temperature, low temperature, high humidity, salt spray, etc.), some nickel-metal hydride batteries are on-site. After one to two years of use or even less time, various failure states such as low voltage, case bulging, and inability to charge will appear, which is far from the terminal's ten-year design life. When there is a real power outage and the battery is found to have failed, it is impossible to proactively report the power outage.
目前，镍氢电池作为一种重要的可充电电池，其有关充电管理方法已经有广泛的研究，市面上也有一些控制芯片对镍氢电池进行专门的充电控制。这些控制芯片主要从充电电流、温度和电池充满的判断条件等方面来进行管理。但是，镍氢电池在电力用户用电信息采集终端的应用与常规的消费类电子或者其他的工业应用情况有很多的不同，直接使用芯片导致部分设计思路不好实现，与终端的镍氢电池有效管理的目标预期效果差距较大。终端的镍氢电池有自身的应用特点，这决定着终端需采用特别的管理方案。终端镍氢电池智能管理系统(Intelligent Battery Management System，IBMS)主要围绕终端电池的自我管理和自动激活两个方面的内容进行。At present, nickel-metal hydride batteries are an important rechargeable battery, and their charging management methods have been extensively studied. There are also some control chips on the market that perform specialized charging control for nickel-metal hydride batteries. These control chips mainly manage charging current, temperature and battery full judgment conditions. However, the application of nickel-metal hydride batteries in power user power information collection terminals is very different from conventional consumer electronics or other industrial applications. Direct use of chips makes some design ideas difficult to implement, which is not effective with terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries. There is a large gap between the expected results of management goals. The terminal's nickel-metal hydride battery has its own application characteristics, which determines that the terminal needs to adopt a special management solution. The terminal nickel-metal hydride battery intelligent management system (Intelligent Battery Management System, IBMS) mainly focuses on two aspects: self-management and automatic activation of terminal batteries.
终端使用过程中有两个重要的特点：一是终端在现场工作时不停电工作的持续时间较长。随着国民经济的发展，电力系统建设日趋完善，在终端工作的现场，电力系统可能会长时间处于不停电状态，这样终端自带的镍氢电池就会处于长时间的待机状态，甚至会出现一年以上的待机状态。这就使得镍氢电池自身的自放电情况更为严重，也会使得电池有一定程度的钝化状态，若是终端在这样的状态下出现停电的情况，镍氢电池自身的剩余电量就难以支撑终端停电后“1min的工作时间或者主动通讯3次”的能力。二是终端在仓库存放的时间长短差异太大。一般一个批次的终端往往不会全部同时安装到现场中去，往往有不少的终端在供电公司仓库里作为备用的替换终端来使用。长时间的仓库存放，导致终端的镍氢电池出现较高的自放电率或者钝化的情况。这也同样会导致终端安装后在停电时刻出现电池剩余电量不足的情况发生，导致停电事件上报失败。这种结果同样会影响电力公司的经济效益和运维效率，甚至有时候带来居民投诉与企业投诉，影响电力公司品牌美誉度。There are two important characteristics in the use of the terminal: First, the terminal can work for a long time without power outage when working on site. With the development of the national economy, the power system construction is becoming more and more perfect. At the terminal work site, the power system may be in a non-power outage state for a long time. In this way, the nickel metal hydride battery that comes with the terminal will be in a standby state for a long time, and may even occur. More than one year of standby status. This makes the self-discharge of the nickel-metal hydride battery itself more serious, and also causes the battery to have a certain degree of passivation. If the terminal experiences a power outage in such a state, the remaining power of the nickel-metal hydride battery itself will be difficult to support the terminal. The ability to "work for 1 minute or actively communicate 3 times" after a power outage. Second, the length of time the terminals are stored in the warehouse varies greatly. Generally, a batch of terminals are often not all installed on site at the same time. There are often many terminals used as spare replacement terminals in the warehouse of the power supply company. Long-term warehouse storage causes the terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries to have a high self-discharge rate or passivation. This will also cause the remaining battery power to be insufficient during a power outage after the terminal is installed, resulting in failure to report the power outage event. This result will also affect the economic benefits and operation and maintenance efficiency of the power company, and sometimes even bring complaints from residents and enterprises, affecting the brand reputation of the power company.
终端使用的这样的两个特点就要求镍氢电池在任何使用情况下都要保持足够的剩余电量和活性。These two characteristics of terminal use require that nickel metal hydride batteries must maintain sufficient remaining power and activity under any use conditions.
已有的涉及电池管理方法的专利文件有“充电电池管理方法及装置”(发明专利CN201511029471.6)，其旨在提供充电电池管理方法及装置，通过获取目标车辆充电电池的电池参数，根据所述电池参数确定所述充电电池当前所处的工作状态；其中，所述工作状态包括正常状态、缺电状态和故障状态，基于所述充电电池所处的工作状态，对所述充电电池进行管理。本实施例中基于充电电池的电池参数，能够确定出充电电池的工作状态，使得用户能够查看到充电电池的状态，并且保证了用户可以根据充电电池的状态对电池进行管理。该发明主要侧重于电池状态参数的获取，并不包括电池的充放电电路设计。Existing patent documents involving battery management methods include "Rechargeable Battery Management Method and Device" (invention patent CN201511029471.6), which aims to provide a rechargeable battery management method and device. By obtaining the battery parameters of the target vehicle's rechargeable battery, according to the required The battery parameters determine the current working state of the rechargeable battery; wherein the working state includes a normal state, a power shortage state and a fault state, and the rechargeable battery is managed based on the working state of the rechargeable battery. . In this embodiment, based on the battery parameters of the rechargeable battery, the working status of the rechargeable battery can be determined, allowing the user to view the status of the rechargeable battery, and ensuring that the user can manage the battery according to the status of the rechargeable battery. This invention mainly focuses on the acquisition of battery status parameters and does not include the design of the battery's charge and discharge circuit.
己有的电池管理方法专利文件有“一种自动充电电池管理系统”Existing patent documents for battery management methods include "an automatic charging battery management system"
CN201520985600.8)，其旨在一种自动充电电池管理系统，包括电源以及设置在所述电源外的充电器，电源与充电器之间通过均衡充电控制器电性连接，电量检测模块与第二控制模块电性连接，第二控制模块与所述充电器电性连接，电源与电流检测模块、温度检测模块和电压检测模块电性连接，电流检测模块、温度检测模块和电压检测模块均与信息收集模块电性连接，信息收集模块与显示屏电性连接，显示屏与第一控制模块电性连接。本专利的检测方式多样，可以防止电源温度过高而爆炸，防止电压、电流过大损坏储能设备，通过电量检测块和第二控制模块，可以防止电池电量耗完而影响正常运作，同时在电池电量过低时，自动控制充电器对电源进行充电。该发明没有涉及到电池自主激活的管理。CN201520985600.8), which aims at an automatic charging battery management system, including a power supply and a charger arranged outside the power supply. The power supply and the charger are electrically connected through a balanced charging controller, and the power detection module is connected to the second battery. The control module is electrically connected, the second control module is electrically connected to the charger, the power supply is electrically connected to the current detection module, temperature detection module and voltage detection module, and the current detection module, temperature detection module and voltage detection module are all connected to the information The collection module is electrically connected, the information collection module is electrically connected with the display screen, and the display screen is electrically connected with the first control module. This patent has various detection methods, which can prevent the power supply from exploding due to excessive temperature, and preventing excessive voltage and current from damaging energy storage equipment. Through the power detection block and the second control module, it can prevent the battery from running out and affecting normal operation. At the same time, When the battery power is too low, the charger is automatically controlled to charge the power supply. This invention does not involve the management of autonomous activation of the battery.
己有的电池管理方法专利文件有“一种具有并行均衡功能的电池管理系统及均衡方法”(CN201710647926.3)，其旨在提供一种具有并行均衡功能的电池管理系统及均衡方法，系统包括24节锂离子电池组、六个基于单片机的电池监测模块、一个主控制器、六个单体电池选通模块、一个主动均衡模块、一个通信模块、一个充放电保护装置和一个电源模块。该系统实现对24节电池的监测和控制，具备监测单体电池的工作参数，进行电池组的被动均衡、主动均衡、并行均衡、充放电过流保护和上位机的通信等功能，可以调节均衡电流的大小，实现智能均衡的目标。该发明侧重电池的均衡管理能力，没有涉及到电池的电池自主激活的管理。The existing battery management method patent document includes "A battery management system and balancing method with parallel balancing function" (CN201710647926.3), which aims to provide a battery management system and balancing method with parallel balancing function. The system includes 24-cell lithium-ion battery pack, six microcontroller-based battery monitoring modules, a main controller, six single cell gating modules, an active balancing module, a communication module, a charge and discharge protection device and a power supply module. The system realizes the monitoring and control of 24 batteries. It has the functions of monitoring the working parameters of single batteries, performing passive balancing, active balancing, parallel balancing, charging and discharging overcurrent protection and communication with the host computer of the battery pack. It can adjust the balancing The size of the current achieves the goal of intelligent balancing. This invention focuses on the balanced management capability of the battery and does not involve the management of autonomous activation of the battery.
如何克服上述的终端镍氢电池智能管理系统所存在的不足，是当前继续解决的问题。How to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery intelligent management system is a problem that continues to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有的终端镍氢电池智能管理系统所存在的不足。本发明的终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统及方法，包括充电电路、主动放电电路、温度检测电路及控制管理单元，实现充、放电事件的认定条件，并在温度不合适的情况下关断电池的充放电，以最小的硬件成本实现了终端镍氢电池的自我管理和自动激活能力，结构新颖，构思巧妙，保证终端镍氢电池的可靠运行，具有良好的应用前景。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing terminal nickel-hydrogen battery intelligent management system. The invention's autonomous activation, charging and discharging management system and method for terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries includes a charging circuit, an active discharging circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit to realize the identification conditions of charging and discharging events, and in the case of inappropriate temperature It shuts down the charging and discharging of the battery, and realizes the self-management and automatic activation capabilities of the terminal nickel-hydrogen battery with minimal hardware cost. The structure is novel and the concept is clever, ensuring the reliable operation of the terminal nickel-hydrogen battery, and has good application prospects.
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are:
一种终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统，包括人机交互单元、主控单元、镍氢电池单元、上行通信单元、功能接口单元和计量单元，An autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries, including a human-computer interaction unit, a main control unit, a nickel-metal hydride battery unit, an uplink communication unit, a functional interface unit and a metering unit,
所述主控单元分别与人机交互单元、镍氢电池单元、上行通信单元、功能接口单元和计量单元相连接，所述镍氢电池单元与功能接口单元内的充电电源接口相连接，所述镍氢电池单元还给主控单元、通信单元、接口单元提供工作电压，所述主控单元通过上行通信单元与话筒相连接，所述主控单元还连接有耳机、串口通信单元，The main control unit is connected to the human-computer interaction unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit, the uplink communication unit, the functional interface unit and the metering unit respectively. The nickel-hydrogen battery unit is connected to the charging power interface in the functional interface unit. The nickel-metal hydride battery unit also provides operating voltage to the main control unit, communication unit, and interface unit. The main control unit is connected to the microphone through the uplink communication unit. The main control unit is also connected to an earphone and a serial communication unit.
所述主控单元，包括充电电路、主动放电电路、温度检测电路及控制管理单元，所述充电电路、主动放电电路、温度检测电路分别与控制管理单元，所述控制管理单元与人机交互单元、镍氢电池单元、上行通信单元、功能接口单元和计量单元相连接。The main control unit includes a charging circuit, an active discharging circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit. The charging circuit, active discharging circuit and temperature detection circuit are respectively connected with the control management unit. The control management unit is connected with the human-computer interaction unit. , nickel-metal hydride battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit and metering unit are connected.
前述的一种终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统，所述人机交互单元，包括液晶显示屏、LED指示灯、控制按键；所述功能接口单元，还包括遥控接口、遥信接口、脉冲接口、485通信接口、直流12V接口；所述上行通信单元，包括230MHz电台通信单元、GPRS/CDMA通信电路。The aforementioned autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries, the human-computer interaction unit includes a liquid crystal display, LED indicators, and control buttons; the functional interface unit also includes a remote control interface and a remote signaling interface , pulse interface, 485 communication interface, DC 12V interface; the uplink communication unit includes a 230MHz radio communication unit and a GPRS/CDMA communication circuit.
前述的一种终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统，所述充电电路具备涓流充电模式、恒流充电模式，包括12V直流电源接口J1、控制信号接线端子J2、稳压芯片U1、三极管T1、MOS管Q1和镍氢电池充电端子J3，The aforementioned autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries. The charging circuit has a trickle charging mode and a constant current charging mode, and includes a 12V DC power interface J1, a control signal terminal J2, a voltage stabilizing chip U1, Transistor T1, MOS tube Q1 and nickel metal hydride battery charging terminal J3,
所述12V直流电源接口J1外接12V直流电源，并与二极管D1的正极相连接，所述12V直流电源接口J1还通过电容C1与地相连接，所述二极管D1的负极与稳压芯片U1的输入端相连接，所述稳压芯片U1的输出端与MOS管Q1的漏极相连接，所述稳压芯片U1的输出端还通过电阻R1与镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极相连接，所述稳压芯片U1的接地端与镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极相连接，所述MOS管Q1的源极通过电阻R2与镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极相连接，所述MOS管Q1的栅极通过电阻R3与稳压芯片U1的输入端相连接，所述控制信号接线端子J2与控制管理单元的充电信号输出端相连接，所述控制信号接线端子J2还分别与电阻R4的一端、充电指示灯D2的正极、电阻R5的一端相连接，所述电阻R4的另一端与地相连接，所述充电指示灯D2的负极通过电阻R6与地相连接，所述电阻R5的另一端与三极管T1的基极相连接，所述三极管T1的发射极与地相连接，所述三极管T1的集电极与MOS管Q1的栅极相连接，所述镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极还依次通过电阻R7、电阻R8与地相连接，所述电阻R8的两端并联有电容C2，所述电阻R7、电阻R8连接端为镍氢电池电压采样端子，并与控制管理单元的镍氢电池电压采样端口相连接，所述镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极还通过电阻R9与稳压二极管VD1的负极相连接，所述电阻R9的两端并联有电阻R10，所述稳压二极管VD1的正极与地相连接，所述镍氢电池充电端子J3的负极与地相连接。The 12V DC power interface J1 is connected to an external 12V DC power supply and is connected to the anode of the diode D1. The 12V DC power interface J1 is also connected to the ground through a capacitor C1. The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the input of the voltage stabilizing chip U1. terminals are connected, the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected to the drain of the MOS tube Q1, and the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is also connected to the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 through the resistor R1. The ground terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected to the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3. The source of the MOS tube Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through the resistor R2. The gate of the MOS tube Q1 The resistor R3 is connected to the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1. The control signal terminal J2 is connected to the charging signal output end of the control management unit. The control signal terminal J2 is also connected to one end of the resistor R4 and the charging indication. The positive electrode of the lamp D2 is connected to one end of the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the ground, the negative electrode of the charging indicator light D2 is connected to the ground through the resistor R6, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the transistor T1 The base of the transistor T1 is connected to the ground, the emitter of the transistor T1 is connected to the ground, the collector of the transistor T1 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube Q1, and the positive electrode of the nickel metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 also passes through the resistor R7 in turn. , resistor R8 is connected to the ground, and a capacitor C2 is connected in parallel at both ends of the resistor R8. The connection terminals of the resistor R7 and resistor R8 are nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling terminals, and are connected to the nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling port of the control management unit. connection, the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is also connected to the negative electrode of the Zener diode VD1 through the resistor R9, the two ends of the resistor R9 are connected in parallel with the resistor R10, and the anode of the Zener diode VD1 is connected to the ground. , the negative electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is connected to the ground.
前述的一种终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统，所述稳压芯片U1为LM7805稳压芯片。In the aforementioned autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries, the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is an LM7805 voltage stabilizing chip.
前述的一种终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统，所述主动放电电路，包括三极管T2、MOS管Q2和放电指示二极管D3，所述三极管T2的基极通过电阻R11与控制管理单元的放电控制信号输出端相连接，所述三极管T2的发射极与地相连接，所述三极管T2的集电极与MOS管Q2的栅极相连接，所述三极管T2的集电极通过电阻R12与镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极相连接，所述镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极还与MOS管Q2的漏极相连接，所述MOS管Q2的源极通过电阻R13与放电指示二极管D3的正极相连接，所述放电指示二极管D3的负极与地相连接，所述MOS管Q2的源极还通过电阻R14与地相连接，所述电阻R14的两端部依次并联有电阻R15、电阻R16、电阻R17、电阻R18、电阻R19。The aforementioned autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries. The active discharge circuit includes a transistor T2, a MOS transistor Q2 and a discharge indication diode D3. The base of the transistor T2 is connected to the control management unit through a resistor R11. The discharge control signal output end is connected, the emitter of the transistor T2 is connected to the ground, the collector of the transistor T2 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube Q2, the collector of the transistor T2 is connected to the nickel through the resistor R12 The positive electrode of the hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 is connected. The positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is also connected to the drain of the MOS tube Q2. The source of the MOS tube Q2 is connected to the positive electrode of the discharge indicating diode D3 through the resistor R13. connection, the cathode of the discharge indicating diode D3 is connected to the ground, the source of the MOS tube Q2 is also connected to the ground through the resistor R14, and the two ends of the resistor R14 are connected in parallel with resistors R15, R16, and R17, resistor R18, resistor R19.
前述的一种终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统，所述电阻R14、电阻R15、电阻R16、电阻R17、电阻R18、电阻R19的阻值相同。In the aforementioned autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries, the resistance values of the resistors R14, R15, R16, R17, R18 and R19 are the same.
前述的一种终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统，所述温度检测电路，包括NTC热敏电阻RT，所述NTC热敏电阻安装在镍氢电池上，所述NTC热敏电阻RT的一端接3.3V直流电压，所述NTC热敏电阻RT的另一端分别与电阻R20的一端、电阻R21的一端、电阻R22的一端、电容C3的一端相连接，所述电阻R20的另一端、电阻R21的另一端、电阻R22的另一端、电容C3的另一端与地相连接，所述NTC热敏电阻RT的另一端做为温度检测电路的输出端与控制管理单元的温度采样端口相连接。The aforementioned autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system for terminal nickel-hydrogen batteries, the temperature detection circuit includes an NTC thermistor RT, the NTC thermistor is installed on the nickel-metal hydride battery, and the NTC thermistor RT One end of the NTC thermistor RT is connected to a DC voltage of 3.3V, and the other end of the NTC thermistor RT is connected to one end of the resistor R20, one end of the resistor R21, one end of the resistor R22, and one end of the capacitor C3. The other end of the resistor R20, The other end of the resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R22, and the other end of the capacitor C3 are connected to the ground. The other end of the NTC thermistor RT serves as the output end of the temperature detection circuit and is connected to the temperature sampling port of the control management unit. .
本发明的终端镍氢电池的自主激活及充放电管理方法，包括充电管理模式和放电管理模式，The autonomous activation and charge and discharge management method of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of the present invention includes a charge management mode and a discharge management mode,
所述充电管理模式，包括以下过程，The charging management mode includes the following processes:
(A1)，充电开始条件，控制管理单元的充电信号输出端输出充电信号，认定为充电开始；(A1), charging start condition, the charging signal output terminal of the control management unit outputs a charging signal, and it is determined that charging has started;
(A2)，充电结束条件，若充电开始条到执行电池充满电之间无中断，判断为正常的充电结束信号；若受温度越限或者电池插拔因素返回的充电结束信号，判断为异常的充电结束信号，若满足正常的充电结束信号时，记录为一个完整的充电事件；否则，记录为一个充电异常事件；(A2), charging end condition, if there is no interruption between the charging start bar and the execution of full battery charging, it is judged as a normal charging end signal; if the charging end signal is returned due to temperature exceeding the limit or battery plugging and unplugging factors, it is judged as abnormal. The charging end signal, if it meets the normal charging end signal, is recorded as a complete charging event; otherwise, it is recorded as a charging abnormal event;
所述放电管理模式，包括以下过程，The discharge management mode includes the following processes,
(B1)，确认放电条件，控制管理单元的放电控制信号输出端输出放电信号，认定为放电开始；(B1), confirm the discharge conditions, control the discharge control signal output terminal of the management unit to output a discharge signal, and determine the start of discharge;
(B2)，从放电开始到主动放电时间大于30min，若无中断影响，则满足正常放电结束条件记录为一个完整的放电事件；若在此期间，存在中断影响，且放电结束，记录为一个放电异常事件。(B2), the time from the start of discharge to active discharge is greater than 30 minutes. If there is no interruption effect, it meets the normal discharge end conditions and is recorded as a complete discharge event; if during this period, there is interruption effect and the discharge ends, it is recorded as a discharge event. Unusual events.
前述的终端镍氢电池的自主激活及充放电管理方法，所述充电管理模式在运行过程中，温度控制在-25℃-70℃之间，否则，停止充电；所述放电管理模式，在运行过程中，温度控制在-40℃-70℃之间，否则，放电结束，记录为一个放电异常事件。In the aforementioned autonomous activation and charge-discharge management method of terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries, during operation of the charging management mode, the temperature is controlled between -25°C and 70°C, otherwise, charging is stopped; in the described discharge management mode, during operation During the process, the temperature is controlled between -40°C and 70°C. Otherwise, the discharge ends and is recorded as a discharge abnormal event.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统及方法，包括充电电路、主动放电电路、温度检测电路及控制管理单元，实现充、放电事件的认定条件，并在温度不合适的情况下关断电池的充放电，以最小的硬件成本实现了终端镍氢电池的自我管理和自动激活能力，结构新颖，构思巧妙，保证终端镍氢电池的可靠运行，具有良好的应用前景。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system and method of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of the present invention includes a charging circuit, an active discharge circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit, and realizes the identification conditions of charging and discharging events. It also shuts off the charge and discharge of the battery when the temperature is inappropriate, and realizes the self-management and automatic activation capabilities of the terminal nickel-hydrogen battery with minimal hardware cost. The structure is novel and the concept is clever, ensuring the reliable operation of the terminal nickel-hydrogen battery. Good application prospects.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明的终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统的系统框图；Figure 1 is a system block diagram of the autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system of terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries of the present invention;
图2是本发明的充电电路的电路图；Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of the charging circuit of the present invention;
图3是本发明的主动放电电路的电路图；Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the active discharge circuit of the present invention;
图4是本发明的温度检测电路的电路图。Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the temperature detection circuit of the present invention.
图5是本发明的充电管理模式的状态图。Figure 5 is a state diagram of the charging management mode of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合说明书附图，对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明的终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统，包括人机交互单元、主控单元、镍氢电池单元、上行通信单元、功能接口单元和计量单元，As shown in Figure 1, the autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system of terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries of the present invention includes a human-computer interaction unit, a main control unit, a nickel-metal hydride battery unit, an uplink communication unit, a functional interface unit and a metering unit.
所述主控单元分别与人机交互单元、镍氢电池单元、上行通信单元、功能接口单元和计量单元相连接，所述镍氢电池单元与功能接口单元内的充电电源接口相连接，所述镍氢电池单元还给主控单元、通信单元、接口单元提供工作电压，所述主控单元通过上行通信单元与话筒相连接，所述主控单元还连接有耳机、串口通信单元，The main control unit is connected to the human-computer interaction unit, the nickel-hydrogen battery unit, the uplink communication unit, the functional interface unit and the metering unit respectively. The nickel-hydrogen battery unit is connected to the charging power interface in the functional interface unit. The nickel-metal hydride battery unit also provides operating voltage to the main control unit, communication unit, and interface unit. The main control unit is connected to the microphone through the uplink communication unit. The main control unit is also connected to an earphone and a serial communication unit.
所述主控单元，包括充电电路、主动放电电路、温度检测电路及控制管理单元，所述充电电路、主动放电电路、温度检测电路分别与控制管理单元，所述控制管理单元与人机交互单元、镍氢电池单元、上行通信单元、功能接口单元和计量单元相连接。The main control unit includes a charging circuit, an active discharging circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit. The charging circuit, active discharging circuit and temperature detection circuit are respectively connected with the control management unit. The control management unit is connected with the human-computer interaction unit. , nickel-metal hydride battery unit, uplink communication unit, functional interface unit and metering unit are connected.
优选的，所述人机交互单元提供人机交互界面，包括液晶显示屏、LED指示灯、控制按键；所述功能接口单元，还包括遥控接口、遥信接口、脉冲接口、485通信接口、直流12V接口；所述上行通信单元，包括230MHz电台通信单元、GPRS/CDMA通信电路。Preferably, the human-computer interaction unit provides a human-computer interaction interface, including a liquid crystal display, LED indicators, and control buttons; the functional interface unit also includes a remote control interface, a remote signaling interface, a pulse interface, a 485 communication interface, and a DC interface. 12V interface; the uplink communication unit includes a 230MHz radio communication unit and a GPRS/CDMA communication circuit.
优选的，如图2所示，所述充电电路具备涓流充电模式、恒流充电模式，包括12V直流电源接口J1、控制信号接线端子J2、稳压芯片U1、三极管T1、MOS管Q1和镍氢电池充电端子J3，Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, the charging circuit has trickle charging mode and constant current charging mode, including 12V DC power interface J1, control signal terminal J2, voltage stabilizing chip U1, transistor T1, MOS tube Q1 and nickel Hydrogen battery charging terminal J3,
所述12V直流电源接口J1外接12V直流电源，并与二极管D1的正极相连接，所述12V直流电源接口J1还通过电容C1与地相连接，所述二极管D1的负极与稳压芯片U1的输入端相连接，所述稳压芯片U1的输出端与MOS管Q1的漏极相连接，所述稳压芯片U1的输出端还通过电阻R1与镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极相连接，所述稳压芯片U1的接地端与镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极相连接，所述MOS管Q1的源极通过电阻R2与镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极相连接，所述MOS管Q1的栅极通过电阻R3与稳压芯片U1的输入端相连接，所述控制信号接线端子J2与控制管理单元的充电信号输出端相连接，所述控制信号接线端子J2还分别与电阻R4的一端、充电指示灯D2的正极、电阻R5的一端相连接，所述电阻R4的另一端与地相连接，所述充电指示灯D2的负极通过电阻R6与地相连接，所述电阻R5的另一端与三极管T1的基极相连接，所述三极管T1的发射极与地相连接，所述三极管T1的集电极与MOS管Q1的栅极相连接，所述镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极还依次通过电阻R7、电阻R8与地相连接，所述电阻R8的两端并联有电容C2，所述电阻R7、电阻R8连接端为镍氢电池电压采样端子，并与控制管理单元的镍氢电池电压采样端口相连接，所述镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极还通过电阻R9与稳压二极管VD1的负极相连接，所述电阻R9的两端并联有电阻R10，所述稳压二极管VD1的正极与地相连接，所述镍氢电池充电端子J3的负极与地相连接，所述稳压芯片U1为LM7805稳压芯片，能够提供稳定的5V电压。The 12V DC power interface J1 is connected to an external 12V DC power supply and is connected to the anode of the diode D1. The 12V DC power interface J1 is also connected to the ground through a capacitor C1. The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the input of the voltage stabilizing chip U1. terminals are connected, the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected to the drain of the MOS tube Q1, and the output terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is also connected to the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 through the resistor R1. The ground terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected to the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3. The source of the MOS tube Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery charging terminal J3 through the resistor R2. The gate of the MOS tube Q1 The resistor R3 is connected to the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip U1. The control signal terminal J2 is connected to the charging signal output end of the control management unit. The control signal terminal J2 is also connected to one end of the resistor R4 and the charging indication. The positive electrode of the lamp D2 is connected to one end of the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the ground, the negative electrode of the charging indicator light D2 is connected to the ground through the resistor R6, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the transistor T1 The base of the transistor T1 is connected to the ground, the collector of the transistor T1 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube Q1, and the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 also passes through the resistor R7 in turn. , resistor R8 is connected to the ground, and a capacitor C2 is connected in parallel at both ends of the resistor R8. The connection terminals of the resistor R7 and resistor R8 are nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling terminals, and are connected to the nickel-hydrogen battery voltage sampling port of the control management unit. connection, the anode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is also connected to the cathode of the zener diode VD1 through a resistor R9, a resistor R10 is connected in parallel at both ends of the resistor R9, and the anode of the zener diode VD1 is connected to ground. , the negative electrode of the nickel metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is connected to the ground, and the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is an LM7805 voltage stabilizing chip, which can provide a stable voltage of 5V.
所述充电电路的工作原理如下：控制信号接线端子J2由控制管理单元的IO端子经电平转换隔离后输出，控制恒流充电模式的启动，高电平有效，镍氢电池的充电电源来自12V直流电源接口J1，是直流12V的电压源，镍氢电池充电端子J3是镍氢电池的充电插座，控制信号接线端子J2输出低电平时，充电指示灯D2为熄灭状态，三极管T1呈截止状态，MOS管Q1截止，12V直流电源通过稳压芯片U1，因为稳压芯片U1的接地管脚连接到镍氢电池的正极，因此，可保证稳压芯片U1的输出管脚与电池正极之间为5V恒定电压，给电池提供8mA的充电电流，再加上稳压芯片U1的输入端与接地管脚之间芯片本身存在的“漏”电流，实际涓流充电电流为9.3mA；当控制信号接线端子J2输出为高电平时，充电指示灯D2为点亮状态，三极管T1呈饱和导通状态，MOS管Q1的栅极被拉低，12V直流电源通过稳压芯片U1，产生41.7mA的电流(忽略MOS管Q1漏极与源极之间的压差)，与涓流充电电流一起构成51mA的充电电流，本发明的涓流充电电流Ichargin1和恒流充电Icharging2电流计算公式分别为：The working principle of the charging circuit is as follows: the control signal terminal J2 is output by the IO terminal of the control management unit after level conversion isolation, and controls the start of the constant current charging mode. The high level is effective. The charging power of the nickel-metal hydride battery comes from 12V. The DC power interface J1 is a DC 12V voltage source. The nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is the charging socket for the nickel-metal hydride battery. When the control signal terminal J2 outputs a low level, the charging indicator D2 is off and the transistor T1 is in a cut-off state. MOS tube Q1 is turned off, and the 12V DC power supply passes through the voltage stabilizing chip U1. Because the ground pin of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected to the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery, it is guaranteed that there is 5V between the output pin of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 and the positive electrode of the battery. Constant voltage, providing 8mA charging current to the battery, plus the "leakage" current of the chip itself between the input terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 and the ground pin, the actual trickle charging current is 9.3mA; when the control signal terminal When the output of J2 is high level, the charging indicator D2 is on, the transistor T1 is in a saturated conduction state, the gate of the MOS tube Q1 is pulled low, and the 12V DC power supply passes through the voltage stabilizing chip U1, generating a current of 41.7mA (ignored The voltage difference between the drain and source of MOS tube Q1), together with the trickle charging current, constitute a charging current of 51mA. The current calculation formulas of the trickle charging current Ichargin1 and constant current charging Icharging2 of the present invention are respectively:
其中，Vout为稳压芯片U1的输出电压，这里为5V，IQ为稳压芯片U1的静态电流为3-5mA，不可忽略，折算到充电电流中即可。Among them, Vout is the output voltage of the voltage stabilizing chip U1, which is 5V here. IQ is the quiescent current of the voltage stabilizing chip U1, which is 3-5mA. It cannot be ignored and can be converted into the charging current.
在实际当中，稳压芯片U1的输入端对地为12V减去压降0.2V(非充电状态下)再减去稳压芯片U1组成恒流源的压差约1.25V。因此，最终电池端的开路电压约为10.5V左右，该电压为测量的值，实际并无输出回路。由于终端的其他电路可能会连接到电池端口，且对电压上限有要求。比如目前采用的红外电路的LDO输入电压绝对上限约为12V，为了安全起见，可以进行对开路电压进行限幅。In practice, the input terminal of the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is 12V minus the voltage drop of 0.2V (in the non-charging state) to ground, and then the voltage difference of the constant current source formed by the voltage stabilizing chip U1 is about 1.25V. Therefore, the final open circuit voltage at the battery end is about 10.5V. This voltage is a measured value and there is no actual output circuit. Because other circuits of the terminal may be connected to the battery port, there are requirements for the upper voltage limit. For example, the absolute upper limit of the LDO input voltage of the currently used infrared circuit is about 12V. For safety reasons, the open circuit voltage can be limited.
电阻R9和电阻R10与稳压二极管VD1组成开路限压电路，防止在终端不插电池的时候系统其它电路连接到电池部分的电压过高造成可能损害。通过调稳压二极管VD1的稳压值来调整电池插口端的开路电压在6.0V～10V之间。在不插电池时电阻R9和电阻R10与稳压二极管VD1会消耗不高于2mA的电流。正常插电池使用时，该部分限压电路不工作，无能量损耗。Resistors R9, R10 and Zener diode VD1 form an open-circuit voltage limiting circuit to prevent possible damage caused by excessive voltage in other circuits of the system connected to the battery when the battery is not plugged into the terminal. Adjust the open circuit voltage at the battery socket between 6.0V and 10V by adjusting the voltage stabilization value of the voltage stabilizing diode VD1. When the battery is not inserted, resistors R9, R10 and Zener diode VD1 will consume no more than 2mA current. When the battery is plugged in and used normally, this part of the voltage limiting circuit does not work and there is no energy loss.
根据IEC标准和国内镍氢电池生产企业对镍氢电池的性能维护意见，涓流充电的电流选择为0.01C～0.03C，以450mAh的容量为例，实际设计涓流充电电流为9.3mA(0.02C)。恒流充电电流一般标准为0.1C，考虑到本电路中限流电阻的选取不采用非标阻值的电阻，实际设计的充电电流为51mA(约0.11C)。如果是700mAh容量的镍氢电池，则R428和R432分别可以改为510Ω和80Ω，对应的充电电流分别为14mA和67mA。选取该两个电阻的功率时，应根据通过的电流加以保证。According to IEC standards and the performance maintenance opinions of domestic nickel-metal hydride battery manufacturers on nickel-metal hydride batteries, the trickle charging current is selected from 0.01C to 0.03C. Taking the capacity of 450mAh as an example, the actual design trickle charging current is 9.3mA (0.02 C). The general standard for constant current charging current is 0.1C. Considering that the current limiting resistor in this circuit does not use resistors with non-standard resistance values, the actual designed charging current is 51mA (about 0.11C). If it is a 700mAh capacity nickel metal hydride battery, R428 and R432 can be changed to 510Ω and 80Ω respectively, and the corresponding charging currents are 14mA and 67mA respectively. When selecting the power of these two resistors, it should be guaranteed based on the current passing through.
优选的，如图3所示，所述主动放电电路，包括三极管T2、MOS管Q2和放电指示二极管D3，所述三极管T2的基极通过电阻R11与控制管理单元的放电控制信号输出端相连接，所述三极管T2的发射极与地相连接，所述三极管T2的集电极与MOS管Q2的栅极相连接，所述三极管T2的集电极通过电阻R12与镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极相连接，所述镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极还与MOS管Q2的漏极相连接，所述MOS管Q2的源极通过电阻R13与放电指示二极管D3的正极相连接，所述放电指示二极管D3的负极与地相连接，所述MOS管Q2的源极还通过电阻R14与地相连接，所述电阻R14的两端部依次并联有电阻R15、电阻R16、电阻R17、电阻R18、电阻R19，这里的电阻R14、电阻R15、电阻R16、电阻R17、电阻R18、电阻R19的阻值相同。Preferably, as shown in Figure 3, the active discharge circuit includes a transistor T2, a MOS tube Q2 and a discharge indication diode D3. The base of the transistor T2 is connected to the discharge control signal output end of the control management unit through a resistor R11. , the emitter of the transistor T2 is connected to the ground, the collector of the transistor T2 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube Q2, and the collector of the transistor T2 is connected to the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 through the resistor R12. connection, the anode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is also connected to the drain of the MOS tube Q2, and the source of the MOS tube Q2 is connected to the anode of the discharge indicating diode D3 through the resistor R13. The discharge indicating diode D3 The negative electrode of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the ground, and the source of the MOS tube Q2 is also connected to the ground through a resistor R14. The two ends of the resistor R14 are connected in parallel with resistors R15, R16, R17, R18, and R19. Here, the resistance values of resistors R14, R15, R16, R17, R18 and R19 are the same.
所述主动放电电路，工作原理如下，The working principle of the active discharge circuit is as follows:
当控制管理单元的放电控制信号输出端为高电平时，三极管T2呈饱和导通状态，MOS管Q2的栅极被拉低，镍氢电池充电端子J3的正极通过放电电阻放电，并点亮放电指示灯D3，放电电路为6个并联的240Ω/0.5W电阻，总共3W的最大放电功率，正常放电时单电阻最大功率小于0.15W，设计功率冗余度较高，在正常放电过程中不会出现放电电阻明显发热的情况，有利于降低镍氢电池的内部温度。When the discharge control signal output of the control management unit is high level, the transistor T2 is in a saturated conduction state, the gate of the MOS tube Q2 is pulled low, and the positive electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery charging terminal J3 is discharged through the discharge resistor and lights up for discharge. Indicator D3, the discharge circuit is 6 parallel 240Ω/0.5W resistors, with a total maximum discharge power of 3W. During normal discharge, the maximum power of a single resistor is less than 0.15W. The design power redundancy is high, and there will be no power during normal discharge. When the discharge resistor heats up significantly, it is helpful to reduce the internal temperature of the nickel-metal hydride battery.
根据相关的IEC标准和国内镍氢电池生产企业对镍氢电池的性能维护意见，放电电流取0.2C的标准放电电流，实际放电电流为113mA(0.25C)，放电电路是镍氢电池性能维护机制的重要组成部分，它与充电电路一起构成终端镍氢电池的维护性充放电激活系统。稍大的放电电流在结合充电电流反复进行充放电时有利于电池特性的激活。According to the relevant IEC standards and the performance maintenance opinions of domestic nickel-metal hydride battery manufacturers on nickel-metal hydride batteries, the discharge current takes the standard discharge current of 0.2C, and the actual discharge current is 113mA (0.25C). The discharge circuit is the performance maintenance mechanism of nickel-metal hydride batteries. An important part of the battery, it together with the charging circuit constitutes the maintenance charge and discharge activation system of the terminal nickel metal hydride battery. A slightly larger discharge current is beneficial to the activation of battery characteristics when combined with the charging current for repeated charging and discharging.
如图4所示，所述温度检测电路，包括NTC热敏电阻RT，所述NTC热敏电阻安装在镍氢电池上，所述NTC热敏电阻RT的一端接3.3V直流电压，所述NTC热敏电阻RT的另一端分别与电阻R20的一端、电阻R21的一端、电阻R22的一端、电容C3的一端相连接，所述电阻R20的另一端、电阻R21的另一端、电阻R22的另一端、电容C3的另一端与地相连接，所述NTC热敏电阻RT的另一端做为温度检测电路的输出端与控制管理单元的温度采样端口相连接。As shown in Figure 4, the temperature detection circuit includes an NTC thermistor RT. The NTC thermistor is installed on a nickel-metal hydride battery. One end of the NTC thermistor RT is connected to a 3.3V DC voltage. The other end of the thermistor RT is connected to one end of the resistor R20, one end of the resistor R21, one end of the resistor R22, and one end of the capacitor C3. The other end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R21, and the other end of the resistor R22 The other end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the ground, and the other end of the NTC thermistor RT serves as the output end of the temperature detection circuit and is connected to the temperature sampling port of the control management unit.
NTC热敏电阻是一种以过渡金属氧化物为主要原材料经高温烧结而成的半导体陶瓷组件，它具有非常大的负温度系数，电阻值随环境温度或通过电流产生的自热而变化，即在一定的测量功率下，电阻值随着温度上升而迅速下降。利用这一特性，可将NTC热敏电阻通过测量其电阻值来确定相应的温度，从而达到检测和控制温度的目的。NTC thermistor is a semiconductor ceramic component made of transition metal oxide as the main raw material and sintered at high temperature. It has a very large negative temperature coefficient, and the resistance value changes with the ambient temperature or self-heating generated by current, that is, Under a certain measurement power, the resistance value decreases rapidly as the temperature rises. Using this characteristic, the NTC thermistor can be used to determine the corresponding temperature by measuring its resistance value, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting and controlling temperature.
对该阻温曲线，分压电阻的阻值以“常温+终端内部温升”的值作为基准参考(终端密闭性好，整体结构按IP54标准设计，结合多年实际测试结果，终端内部温升选取15℃为典型值)，即25℃+15℃＝40℃温度下的阻值为参考。查表得该温度的阻值为5.834kΩ，取接近值为分压电阻的阻值，选取6kΩ(3个阻值为18kΩ、精度为1％电阻并联以提高精度)的电阻值参与分压电压的计算。For this resistance and temperature curve, the resistance value of the voltage dividing resistor is based on the value of "normal temperature + terminal internal temperature rise" (the terminal has good airtightness, the overall structure is designed according to IP54 standards, and based on years of actual test results, the internal temperature rise of the terminal is selected 15℃ is the typical value), that is, the resistance value at the temperature of 25℃+15℃=40℃ is the reference. Look up the table and find that the resistance value at this temperature is 5.834kΩ. Take the close value as the resistance value of the voltage dividing resistor and select a resistance value of 6kΩ (three resistors with a resistance value of 18kΩ and an accuracy of 1% are connected in parallel to improve accuracy) to participate in the voltage dividing calculation.
随着温度不同而得到不同的分压电阻值，进而影响采样电压，其采样得到的温度与采样电压关系映射表如表1所示，With different temperatures, different voltage dividing resistor values are obtained, which in turn affects the sampling voltage. The mapping table of the relationship between temperature and sampling voltage obtained by sampling is shown in Table 1.
表1可以作为映射关系表参与软件对采样电压的处理，并转换为相对应的温度。表1中所列举的都整数的温度值，对于采样温度Tξ位于两个采样温度值(Tn，Tn+1)之间时，其电压值Vξ也是介于对应的(Vn，Vn+1)之间。由于在相邻摄氏度之间温度与电压采样值基本是线性关系，考虑到温度的采样的值不需要特别精确，故在此温度精度精确在1℃即可，所以可以采用采样点的电压值等价最近的阻温点的电压来判断温度。只要通过采样电压来计算温度就要把映射表1与式(4)结合起来，即可由采样电压确定实际的温度。详细描述如式(4)所示。实际现场环境温度T＝Tξ－15℃。Table 1 can be used as a mapping relationship table to participate in the software's processing of the sampling voltage and convert it into the corresponding temperature. The temperature values listed in Table 1 are all integers. When the sampling temperature Tξ is between the two sampling temperature values (Tn, Tn+1), the voltage value Vξ is also between the corresponding (Vn, Vn+1). between. Since there is basically a linear relationship between temperature and voltage sampling values between adjacent degrees Celsius, the sampling value considering the temperature does not need to be particularly accurate, so the temperature accuracy here is enough to be accurate to 1°C, so the voltage value of the sampling point can be used, etc. Use the voltage at the nearest temperature resistance point to determine the temperature. As long as the temperature is calculated by sampling voltage, mapping table 1 and equation (4) must be combined, and the actual temperature can be determined by the sampling voltage. The detailed description is shown in formula (4). The actual on-site ambient temperature T=Tξ-15℃.
也就是说，当温度采样等效温度Tξ接近Tn时，取Tξ＝Tn；当温度采样等效温度Tξ接近Tn+1时，取Tξ＝Tn+1；当温度采样的电压等于(Vn+Vn+1)/2时，取Tξ＝(Tn+Tn+1)/2。That is to say, when the temperature sampling equivalent temperature Tξ is close to Tn, take Tξ=Tn; when the temperature sampling equivalent temperature Tξ is close to Tn+1, take Tξ=Tn+1; when the temperature sampling voltage is equal to (Vn+Vn +1)/2, take Tξ=(Tn+Tn+1)/2.
本发明的终端镍氢电池的自主激活及充放电管理方法，包括充电管理模式和放电管理模式，The autonomous activation and charge and discharge management method of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of the present invention includes a charge management mode and a discharge management mode,
所述充电管理模式，包括以下过程，The charging management mode includes the following processes:
(A1)，充电开始条件，控制管理单元的充电信号输出端输出充电信号，认定为充电开始；(A1), charging start condition, the charging signal output terminal of the control management unit outputs a charging signal, and it is determined that charging has started;
(A2)，充电结束条件，若充电开始条到执行电池充满电之间无中断，判断为正常的充电结束信号；若受温度越限或者电池插拔因素返回的充电结束信号，判断为异常的充电结束信号，若满足正常的充电结束信号时，记录为一个完整的充电事件；否则，记录为一个充电异常事件；(A2), charging end condition, if there is no interruption between the charging start bar and the execution of full battery charging, it is judged as a normal charging end signal; if the charging end signal is returned due to temperature exceeding the limit or battery plugging and unplugging factors, it is judged as abnormal. The charging end signal, if it meets the normal charging end signal, is recorded as a complete charging event; otherwise, it is recorded as a charging abnormal event;
所述放电管理模式，包括以下过程，The discharge management mode includes the following processes,
(B1)，确认放电条件，控制管理单元的放电控制信号输出端输出放电信号，认定为放电开始；(B1), confirm the discharge conditions, control the discharge control signal output terminal of the management unit to output a discharge signal, and determine the start of discharge;
(B2)，从放电开始到主动放电时间大于30min，若无中断影响，则满足正常放电结束条件记录为一个完整的放电事件；若在此期间，存在中断影响，且放电结束，记录为一个放电异常事件。(B2), the time from the start of discharge to active discharge is greater than 30 minutes. If there is no interruption effect, it meets the normal discharge end conditions and is recorded as a complete discharge event; if during this period, there is interruption effect and the discharge ends, it is recorded as a discharge event. Unusual events.
终端备用镍氢电池可靠工作是终端停上电事件成功上报的主要保证，任何与镍氢电池可靠性相关的因素都是充放电管理系统的关注内容。本管理方案围绕各种影响镍氢电池性能的因素进行设计，使终端镍氢电池的使用寿命最大化。对于镍氢电池而言，不当的充电方式或者过度充电是电池进入严重损坏并不能恢复使用的主要因素之一，很容易造成4节串联电池中的某一节或者多节出现正负极短路的情况。目前，终端现场返回的450mAh充电电池，电压只要是低于3.0V的电池，基本上都存在某节电池正负极短路或者接近短路的情况。温度和电池放置时间也是影响电池可靠性的主要因素，因此，本发明在充电管理模式在运行过程中，温度控制在-25℃-70℃之间，否则，停止充电；在放电管理模式，在运行过程中，温度控制在-40℃-70℃之间，否则，放电结束，记录为一个放电异常事件。The reliable operation of terminal backup nickel-metal hydride batteries is the main guarantee for the successful reporting of terminal power outage events. Any factors related to the reliability of nickel-metal hydride batteries are the focus of the charge and discharge management system. This management plan is designed around various factors that affect the performance of nickel-metal hydride batteries to maximize the service life of terminal nickel-metal hydride batteries. For nickel-metal hydride batteries, improper charging methods or overcharging are one of the main factors that cause the battery to become seriously damaged and cannot be restored to use. It can easily cause one or more of the four series-connected batteries to have a short circuit between the positive and negative poles. Condition. At present, as long as the voltage of the 450mAh rechargeable batteries returned from the terminal site is lower than 3.0V, there is basically a situation where the positive and negative poles of a certain battery are short-circuited or close to short-circuited. Temperature and battery storage time are also the main factors affecting battery reliability. Therefore, during the operation of the charging management mode of the present invention, the temperature is controlled between -25°C and 70°C. Otherwise, charging is stopped; in the discharge management mode, the temperature is controlled between -25°C and 70°C. During operation, the temperature is controlled between -40°C and 70°C. Otherwise, the discharge ends and is recorded as a discharge abnormal event.
综上所述，本发明的终端镍氢电池的自主激活、充放电管理系统及方法，包括充电电路、主动放电电路、温度检测电路及控制管理单元，实现充、放电事件的认定条件，并在温度不合适的情况下关断电池的充放电，以最小的硬件成本实现了终端镍氢电池的自我管理和自动激活能力，结构新颖，构思巧妙，保证终端镍氢电池的可靠运行，具有良好的应用前景。To sum up, the autonomous activation, charge and discharge management system and method of the terminal nickel-metal hydride battery of the present invention includes a charging circuit, an active discharge circuit, a temperature detection circuit and a control management unit, and realizes the identification conditions of charging and discharging events, and in When the temperature is inappropriate, the charge and discharge of the battery are shut down, and the self-management and automatic activation capabilities of the terminal nickel-hydrogen battery are realized with minimal hardware cost. The structure is novel and the concept is clever, ensuring the reliable operation of the terminal nickel-hydrogen battery and having good performance. Application prospects.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have other aspects. Various changes and modifications are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711457362.3ACN108063480B (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2017-12-28 | Autonomous activation and charge-discharge management system and method for terminal nickel-metal hydride battery |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711457362.3ACN108063480B (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2017-12-28 | Autonomous activation and charge-discharge management system and method for terminal nickel-metal hydride battery |
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| CN201711457362.3AActiveCN108063480B (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2017-12-28 | Autonomous activation and charge-discharge management system and method for terminal nickel-metal hydride battery |
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