技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种计算机数字制图的方法，尤其涉及一种基于数据库驱动快速批量制 作中国水资源保障风险图的方法。The invention relates to a method for computer digital drawing, in particular to a method for rapidly batch-making China's water resources security risk map based on database driving.
背景技术Background technique
目前，在地图信息的获取、变换、存储、处理、分析和图形输出的领域，由于部分GIS用户缺乏基本的地图设计理论，以及GIS软件本身缺乏足够的地图表达工具，导致 GIS所生产的许多地图的图形难以完全满足需要。地图的符号化在GIS软件中完成，地图 产品的最后阶段却不得不脱离GIS数据库而在出版软件中完成，工作流程被中断；或者采 用两套数据：一套作为地图绘制使用，一套作地理分析用，数据生产单位需要生产两种 版本的数据。这些策略的缺点有：GIS缺乏地图制图机制；割裂了地理要素与地图要素的 关系，在地图制图阶段缺乏地理数据的获取功能，当需要更新地理数据时不得不进行高 昂的补救措施重复应用GIS数据；数据的重复导出导入，耗费时间的同时增加了冗余，而 且在多重表达中需要对两个系统重复地更新数据，难以进行一致性维护。At present, in the field of map information acquisition, transformation, storage, processing, analysis and graphic output, due to the lack of basic map design theory by some GIS users and the lack of sufficient map expression tools in GIS software itself, many maps produced by GIS The graphics are difficult to fully meet the needs. The symbolization of the map is completed in the GIS software, but the final stage of the map product has to be completed in the publishing software without the GIS database, and the workflow is interrupted; or two sets of data are used: one for map drawing and one for geography For analysis, data production units need to produce two versions of data. The disadvantages of these strategies are: GIS lacks a map-making mechanism; the relationship between geographical elements and map elements is separated, and the acquisition function of geographic data is lacking in the map-making stage. When geographic data needs to be updated, expensive remedial measures have to be taken to repeatedly apply GIS data ; Repeated export and import of data is time-consuming and increases redundancy, and in multiple expressions, data needs to be updated repeatedly for two systems, making it difficult to maintain consistency.
目前中国尚没有完整的水资源风险保障图及其制作方法，一般的制图方法不能针对 这项应用提供充分、具有针对性的素材，且制图方法存在简单化一，制图数据更新过程繁琐等问题。At present, China does not have a complete water resource risk assurance map and its production method. The general mapping method cannot provide sufficient and targeted materials for this application, and the mapping method has problems such as simplification and cumbersome updating process of the mapping data.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基于数据库驱动快速批量制作中国水资源保障风险图的方 法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method based on database-driven fast batch production China's water resources guarantee risk map.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明的基于数据库驱动快速批量制作中国水资源保障风险图的方法，通过地理基 础数据库、专题数据库和制图符合库驱动批量更新专题图，包括以下步骤：The method of making China's water resources security risk map in batches fast based on the database driver of the present invention drives the batch update thematic map through the geographic basic database, thematic database and cartographic conformity library, comprising the following steps:
步骤一、图例符号的制作：Step 1. Making legend symbols:
根据地理信息国家标准(GB/T 18315-2001)，制作ArcGIS自带的符号库中没有的图例符号，所述图例符号包括已定国界和未定国界；According to the national standard of geographic information (GB/T 18315-2001), make legend symbols that are not in the symbol library that comes with ArcGIS, and the legend symbols include definite national boundaries and undetermined national boundaries;
步骤二、数据准备过程：Step 2. Data preparation process:
数据准备过程主要包括三方面内容：一是地图数据的数字化，以及栅格数据向矢量 数据的转换；二是数据的纠错检查和规范化处理，包括数据拓扑关系的检查纠正、坐标原点的统一、比例尺的转换；三是地图数据的投影和数据的转换过程，包括地图数学基 础的建立、地图投影的设置和变化、中央经线以及标准纬线的设定；The data preparation process mainly includes three aspects: one is the digitization of map data, and the conversion of raster data to vector data; Scale conversion; the third is the map data projection and data conversion process, including the establishment of the mathematical foundation of the map, the setting and change of the map projection, the setting of the central meridian and standard parallel;
步骤三、专题数据的制备：Step 3. Preparation of thematic data:
利用全国水资源二级区矢量图层和全国分省矢量图层的原始数据，生成全国二级区 套省评价单元197个，在ArcGIS中采用union方法生成专题图层数据，根据制图要求，绘制全国分省水资源专题图和全国二级区套省水资源专题图；Using the original data of the vector layer of the second-level national water resources area and the vector layer of the national provinces, 197 evaluation units of the national second-level area and province were generated, and the thematic layer data was generated by using the union method in ArcGIS. According to the requirements of cartography, draw The national water resources thematic map of sub-provinces and the national water resources thematic map of secondary districts and provinces;
步骤四、设置出图大小和图纸范围：Step 4. Set the drawing size and drawing range:
新建制图输出版面，并根据比例尺、打印机型号设置版面尺寸，根据中国区域形状和传统出图习惯设置图面位置和大小；Create a new drawing output layout, and set the layout size according to the scale and printer model, and set the position and size of the drawing according to the shape of the Chinese region and traditional drawing habits;
步骤五、专题数据的表达和显示：Step 5. Expression and display of thematic data:
定义要素类，绘制专题图层，并依据各数据属性表中的属性字段采用自动式标注方 法标识地图标注；Define feature classes, draw thematic layers, and use automatic labeling methods to identify map labels based on the attribute fields in each data attribute table;
步骤六、地图整饰和版面设计：Step 6. Map finishing and layout design:
添加坐标格网，调整图像要素，所述图像要素包括经纬线、图名、注记、颜色；Add a coordinate grid and adjust image elements, which include latitude and longitude lines, picture titles, annotations, and colors;
步骤七、地图输出：Step 7. Map output:
中国水资源保障风险图的制作实现了专题数据库和制图数据库的一体化管理，通过 数据库管理系统，建立空间数据和属性数据之间的连接，实现其共同管理和相互查询。The production of China's water resources security risk map has realized the integrated management of thematic database and cartographic database. Through the database management system, the connection between spatial data and attribute data has been established to realize their common management and mutual query.
由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例提供的基于数据库驱动快速 批量制作中国水资源保障风险图的方法，使用了基于GIS并将地理数据与地图表达信息进 行有机融合的地图表达方法，这一方法便于地图目标对象级的修改与保存；减少了数据冗余；有利于地图的增量更新与多重表达；同时也便于扩展传统GIS地图表达能力。此 外，基于数据库驱动更新技术，实现了属性数据库和图形数据库的一体化管理，以及专 题图制图数据模型及制图符号的自动配置，改良了以往制图中出现的专题符号缺乏、数 据更新繁琐等瓶颈，提供了一种快速有效的水资源风险保障图批量绘制方法，可以为中 国国民经济建设和国防建设专题制图提供参考。It can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solutions provided by the present invention that the database-driven method provided by the embodiment of the present invention to quickly and batch-produce China's water resources security risk map uses a map that is based on GIS and organically integrates geographic data and map expression information Expression method, this method is convenient for modification and preservation of map target object level; reduces data redundancy; is conducive to incremental update and multiple expression of maps; and is also convenient to expand the expression ability of traditional GIS maps. In addition, based on the database-driven update technology, the integrated management of the attribute database and the graphic database is realized, as well as the automatic configuration of thematic map mapping data models and cartographic symbols, which improves the lack of thematic symbols and cumbersome data update bottlenecks in previous cartography. It provides a fast and effective batch drawing method for water resource risk assurance map, which can provide reference for thematic drawing of China's national economic construction and national defense construction.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的基于数据库驱动快速批量制作中国水资源保障风险图的方 法示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for quickly batch-making China's water resources security risk map based on a database driver provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例中图形数据和属性数据同步更新流程。Fig. 2 is a process for synchronously updating graphic data and attribute data in an embodiment of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例中制图数据库和制图符号库驱动更新批量绘制专题图。Fig. 3 is the thematic map drawn in batches driven by the cartographic database and the cartographic symbol library in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将对本发明实施例作进一步地详细描述。本发明实施例中未作详细描述的内容 属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below. The content not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
本发明的基于数据库驱动快速批量制作中国水资源保障风险图的方法，其较佳的具 体实施方式是：The method of rapidly batch-making China's water resources guarantee risk map based on the database driver of the present invention, its preferred embodiment is:
通过地理基础数据库、专题数据库和制图符合库驱动批量更新专题图，包括以下步 骤：The batch update of thematic maps is driven by the geographic base database, thematic database and cartographic conformity library, including the following steps:
步骤一、图例符号的制作：Step 1. Making legend symbols:
根据地理信息国家标准(GB/T 18315-2001)，制作ArcGIS自带的符号库中没有的图例符号，所述图例符号包括已定国界和未定国界；According to the national standard of geographic information (GB/T 18315-2001), make legend symbols that are not in the symbol library that comes with ArcGIS, and the legend symbols include definite national boundaries and undetermined national boundaries;
步骤二、数据准备过程：Step 2. Data preparation process:
数据准备过程主要包括三方面内容：一是地图数据的数字化，以及栅格数据向矢量 数据的转换；二是数据的纠错检查和规范化处理，包括数据拓扑关系的检查纠正、坐标原点的统一、比例尺的转换；三是地图数据的投影和数据的转换过程，包括地图数学基 础的建立、地图投影的设置和变化、中央经线以及标准纬线的设定；The data preparation process mainly includes three aspects: one is the digitization of map data, and the conversion of raster data to vector data; Scale conversion; the third is the map data projection and data conversion process, including the establishment of the mathematical foundation of the map, the setting and change of the map projection, the setting of the central meridian and standard parallel;
步骤三、专题数据的制备：Step 3. Preparation of thematic data:
利用全国水资源二级区矢量图层和全国分省矢量图层的原始数据，生成全国二级区 套省评价单元197个，在ArcGIS中采用union方法生成专题图层数据，根据制图要求，绘制全国分省水资源专题图和全国二级区套省水资源专题图；Using the original data of the vector layer of the second-level national water resources area and the vector layer of the national provinces, 197 evaluation units of the national second-level area and province were generated, and the thematic layer data was generated by using the union method in ArcGIS. According to the requirements of cartography, draw The national water resources thematic map of sub-provinces and the national water resources thematic map of secondary districts and provinces;
步骤四、设置出图大小和图纸范围：Step 4. Set the drawing size and drawing range:
新建制图输出版面，并根据比例尺、打印机型号设置版面尺寸，根据中国区域形状和传统出图习惯设置图面位置和大小；Create a new drawing output layout, and set the layout size according to the scale and printer model, and set the position and size of the drawing according to the shape of the Chinese region and traditional drawing habits;
步骤五、专题数据的表达和显示：Step 5. Expression and display of thematic data:
定义要素类，绘制专题图层，并依据各数据属性表中的属性字段采用自动式标注方 法标识地图标注；Define feature classes, draw thematic layers, and use automatic labeling methods to identify map labels based on the attribute fields in each data attribute table;
步骤六、地图整饰和版面设计：Step 6. Map finishing and layout design:
添加坐标格网，调整图像要素，所述图像要素包括经纬线、图名、注记、颜色；Add a coordinate grid and adjust image elements, which include latitude and longitude lines, picture titles, annotations, and colors;
步骤七、地图输出：Step 7. Map output:
中国水资源保障风险图的制作实现了专题数据库和制图数据库的一体化管理，通过 数据库管理系统，建立空间数据和属性数据之间的连接，实现其共同管理和相互查询。The production of China's water resources security risk map has realized the integrated management of thematic database and cartographic database. Through the database management system, the connection between spatial data and attribute data has been established to realize their common management and mutual query.
包括union方法自动生成二级区套省新专题数据的技术流程。Including the technical process of automatically generating the new thematic data of the second-level block province by the union method.
包括图例符号的制作与管理、*.style格式文件的建立与修改完善。Including the production and management of legend symbols, the establishment and modification of *.style format files.
包括制图版面的配置与图面整饰。Including the configuration of the drawing layout and the finishing of the drawing.
本发明的基于数据库驱动快速批量制作中国水资源保障风险图的方法，使用了基于 GIS并将地理数据与地图表达信息进行有机融合的地图表达方法，这一方法便于地图目标 对象级的修改与保存；减少了数据冗余；有利于地图的增量更新与多重表达；同时也便于扩展传统GIS地图表达能力。此外，基于数据库驱动更新技术，实现了属性数据库和 图形数据库的一体化管理，以及专题图制图数据模型及制图符号的自动配置，改良了以 往制图中出现的专题符号缺乏、数据更新繁琐等瓶颈，提供了一种快速有效的水资源风 险保障图批量绘制方法，可以为中国国民经济建设和国防建设专题制图提供参考。The method of the present invention based on the database-driven rapid batch production of China's water resources security risk map uses a map expression method based on GIS and organically integrates geographic data and map expression information, and this method is convenient for modification and preservation of the map target object level ; Reduced data redundancy; Facilitate incremental update and multiple representations of maps; At the same time, it is convenient to expand the traditional GIS map expression capabilities. In addition, based on the database-driven update technology, the integrated management of the attribute database and the graphic database is realized, as well as the automatic configuration of thematic map mapping data models and cartographic symbols, which improves the lack of thematic symbols and cumbersome data update bottlenecks in previous cartography. It provides a fast and effective batch drawing method for water resource risk assurance map, which can provide reference for thematic drawing of China's national economic construction and national defense construction.
中国水资源保障风险图的制作采用计算机数字制图的方式完成，即是在计算机硬、 软件环境的支持下，应用属性库更新技术、图例库制备技术，实现了对数据的编辑处理、管理维护和可视化再现。本发明制作流程在基础地理信息数据库基础上，实现制图 数据模型及制图符号的自动配置，实现了专题图注记优化配置、人机交互编辑、图面配 置与整饰、符合印刷要求的制图数据输出等功能，建成的数据库包含了基础地理信息数 据库、专题数据库及其符号化表示，实现了制图数据库与制图符号库的一体化管理。The production of China's water resources security risk map is completed by means of computer digital mapping, that is, with the support of computer hardware and software environment, the application of attribute database updating technology and legend database preparation technology realizes the editing, processing, management and maintenance of data. Visual reproduction. The production process of the present invention realizes the automatic configuration of the cartographic data model and the cartographic symbols on the basis of the basic geographic information database, and realizes the optimal configuration of thematic map annotations, human-computer interactive editing, map configuration and finishing, and cartographic data that meets printing requirements. Output and other functions, the built database includes the basic geographic information database, thematic database and its symbolic representation, realizing the integrated management of the cartographic database and the cartographic symbol library.
数字制图中专题数据库、制图符号库联结着各个制图环节，涉及到的主要的技术和 方法有地图数据的处理和编辑、制图数据库管理技术、制图符号的制备技术、生成/处理和显示图形技术等。本专利选取缺水率、人均缺水量、缺水损失、供水稳定性、需求压 力指数、枯水指数、综合保障风险等指标描述中国水资源现状和保障风险程度，比例尺 均为1:400万，最小分类单元为二级水资源区套省。二级水资源区套省的单项指标图采用 底色标识各指标数值等级，综合水资源保障风险图采用底色与注记两种方式结合标识综 合水资源保障风险等级。各省综合水资源保障风险图采用底色与注记标识各省综合水资 源保障风险等级，采用柱状图标识各个综合性指标的具体数值。Thematic databases and cartographic symbol libraries in digital cartography are connected to various cartographic links. The main technologies and methods involved include map data processing and editing, cartographic database management technology, cartographic symbol preparation technology, generation/processing and display graphics technology, etc. . This patent selects indicators such as water shortage rate, per capita water shortage, water shortage loss, water supply stability, demand pressure index, low water index, and comprehensive security risk to describe the current situation of China's water resources and the level of security risk. The scale is 1:4 million. , and the minimum taxonomic unit is the secondary water resource area and province. The single indicator map of the secondary water resource area and province uses the background color to mark the value level of each index, and the comprehensive water resource security risk map uses the background color and annotation to mark the comprehensive water resource security risk level. The comprehensive water resources security risk map of each province uses the background color and notes to identify the comprehensive water resources security risk level of each province, and uses the bar chart to identify the specific value of each comprehensive indicator.
水资源保障风险图批量更新与地理基础数据库、专题数据库、制图符号库密切相关，详细制作流程参见图1。The batch update of the water resources security risk map is closely related to the geographic basic database, thematic database, and cartographic symbol library. See Figure 1 for the detailed production process.
1.专题数据的制备1. Preparation of thematic data
利用全国水资源二级区矢量图层和全国分省矢量图层的原始数据，根据制图要求， 需要绘制全国分省水资源专题图和全国二级区套省水资源专题图。其中，全国二级区套 省评价单元总计197个，专题图层数据是在ARCGIS中采用UNION方法生成。在GIS中采 用union自动生成二级区套省新图层的方法存在三个难点问题：其一是由于原始数据边缘 不匹配导致新的图形数据中出现很多细碎多边形；其二是属性表中缺乏评价单元的唯一 标识；其三是同一属性数据在空间上不连续，按照唯一标识方法将同一评价单元归并为 多个评价单元。对于第一个问题，本专利采用Dissolve方法合并细小多边形、设定高容限 值归并碎多边形的策略解决。对于第二个问题，采用人工手动校核、修改属性表标注字 段的方法解决。对于第三个问题，采用merge方法将空间不连续的评价单元归并，实现图 形数据和属性字段的一体化管理。Using the original data of the national water resources second-level area vector layer and the national provincial vector layer, according to the cartographic requirements, it is necessary to draw the national water resources thematic map by province and the national second-level area-covered water resources thematic map. Among them, there are a total of 197 national second-level districts and provincial evaluation units, and the thematic layer data is generated using the UNION method in ARCGIS. There are three difficult problems in the method of using union to automatically generate a new layer of the second-level area in GIS: one is that many fine polygons appear in the new graphic data due to the edge mismatch of the original data; the other is that the attribute table lacks The unique identification of the evaluation unit; the third is that the same attribute data is not continuous in space, and the same evaluation unit is merged into multiple evaluation units according to the unique identification method. For the first problem, this patent adopts the Dissolve method to merge small polygons, set a high tolerance value and merge the strategies of broken polygons to solve. For the second problem, it is solved by manually checking and modifying the marked fields of the attribute table. For the third question, the merge method is used to merge spatially discontinuous evaluation units to realize the integrated management of graphic data and attribute fields.
UNION方法可以在ARCGIS中实现，通过Arcmap—>ArcToolbox—>analysistools—>overlay—>union模块完成。全国水资源二级区套省专题数据以字段CD为唯一标识(表1)，同时以字段CD为共同字段，进行全国水资源二级区套省的矢量数据与分指 标属性数据的连接，顺利实现新的水资源专题数据与地理基础数据无缝匹配。图形与属 性链接制备专题数据的流程参见图2。The UNION method can be implemented in ARCGIS through Arcmap—>ArcToolbox—>analysistools—>overlay—>union module. The thematic data of the national water resources second-level districts and provinces is uniquely identified by the field CD (Table 1), and at the same time, the field CD is used as the common field to connect the vector data and sub-indicator attribute data of the national water resources second-level districts and provinces. Realize the seamless matching of the new water resources thematic data and basic geographic data. Refer to Figure 2 for the process of preparing thematic data through graphics and attribute links.
表1水资源二级区套省编码表Table 1 Provincial code list of water resources secondary districts
2.图例符号的制作2. Production of legend symbols
地图图例的标准化是图型整饰当中一个很重要的部分。ArcGIS软件配备了大量图例 符号库，但是在制作专题图件过程中发现，根据地理信息国家标准(GB/T 18315-2001)，有些图例符号ARCGIS已有的符号库中没有，需要自己制作并添加，如已定国 界和未定国界国界。Standardization of map legends is an important part of graphic finishing. ArcGIS software is equipped with a large number of legend symbol libraries, but in the process of making thematic maps, it is found that according to the national standard for geographic information (GB/T 18315-2001), some legend symbols are not in the existing symbol library of ArcGIS, and need to be made and added by yourself , such as established national boundaries and undetermined national boundaries.
图例符号可以通过ARCMAP实现管理和添加，通过Arcmap—>Tools—>Styles的路径下的style的管理工具集(有Style References，Style Manager，Export Map Styles三个功能)进行制作和管理，并采用Symbol Property Editor的界面进行图例符号的绘制、编辑、修改。修改完善后的图例符号以*.style的格式保存。Legend symbols can be managed and added through ARCMAP, made and managed through the style management tool set (with three functions of Style References, Style Manager, and Export Map Styles) under the path of Arcmap—>Tools—>Styles, and use Symbol The interface of Property Editor is used to draw, edit and modify legend symbols. The modified legend symbols are saved in *.style format.
3.图面显示和更新3. Graphic display and update
中国水资源保障风险图动态更新显示是图幅快速制作的关键环节。本专利参考《地 理格网》(GB12409-1990)、《地理点位置的维度、经度和高程的标准表示法》 (GB/T16831-1997)、《数字地形图系列和基本要求》(GB/T 18315-2001)和《地图 印刷规范》(GB/T14511-2008)等国家标准，设计图幅版面。本专利实行符号库和专题 数据库一体化管理，实时驱动更新图件(图3)。The dynamic update display of China's water resources security risk map is a key link in the rapid production of map sheets. This patent refers to "Geographic Grid" (GB12409-1990), "Standard Representation of Latitude, Longitude and Elevation of Geographical Points" (GB/T16831-1997), "Digital Topographic Map Series and Basic Requirements" (GB/T 18315-2001) and "Map Printing Specifications" (GB/T14511-2008) and other national standards, design map layout. This patent implements the integrated management of symbol library and special topic database, and real-time driving updates maps (Fig. 3).
①版面设计。基于ArcMap平台，新建制图输出版面，固定比例尺设置为1:400万，并根据相关国标设置版面的尺寸。考虑到中国区域的形状，根据传统出图习惯，将南海 诸岛输出为1：800万小比例尺图面安置在图幅的右下角。因此制图输出涉及两个图面， 需要分别设置两个图面的图框尺寸和位置。此外，输出地图由多个数据图层构成，各图 层具有不同的符号、颜色、大小、粗细标识。另外，制图过程中将图框设置为黑色，底 色设置为白色，以突出制图要素，增加色彩对比，解决地理元素压盖、要素共边等问 题。① Layout design. Based on the ArcMap platform, create a new mapping output layout, set the fixed scale to 1:4 million, and set the size of the layout according to the relevant national standards. Considering the shape of the Chinese region, and according to the traditional mapping practice, the South China Sea Islands are exported as a 1:8 million small-scale map and placed in the lower right corner of the map. Therefore, the drawing output involves two drawing planes, and the frame size and position of the two drawing planes need to be set separately. In addition, the output map is composed of multiple data layers, and each layer has a different symbol, color, size, and thickness. In addition, during the mapping process, the frame is set to black, and the background color is set to white to highlight the elements of the map, increase the color contrast, and solve the problems of overlapping geographical elements and shared edges of elements.
②专题数据表达。建立空间数据库，设置投影等信息，放置绘图基础数据。定义要素类，将点图层、线图层和面图层分别放在不同的要素类中，一个要素类可以对应多个 图层，并将同一要素类放在一个要素集中。将全国水资源二级区套省的矢量数据与行政 区界、水系、居民点等叠加显示，根据各个专题要素之间的空间关系，将居民点图层置 于最顶层，全国水资源二级区套省图层置于最底层，河流等线图层置于中间层。全国水 资源二级区套省图层根据唯一标识码CD绘制，河流、湖泊等地理基础要素采用SQL数据 库进行分层管理、逐级绘制。② Thematic data expression. Create a spatial database, set projection and other information, and place basic data for drawing. Define the feature class, put the point layer, line layer and area layer in different feature classes, one feature class can correspond to multiple layers, and put the same feature class in one feature set. Superimpose and display the vector data of the second-level national water resources area covering provinces with administrative boundaries, water systems, and residential areas. According to the spatial relationship between various thematic elements, the residential area layer is placed on the top layer. The set province layer is placed at the bottom layer, and the line layer such as rivers is placed in the middle layer. The provincial layer of the second-level national water resources area is drawn according to the unique identification code CD, and the geographical basic elements such as rivers and lakes are managed hierarchically and drawn level by level using the SQL database.
③地图标注。采用自动式标注方法，依据各数据属性表中的属性字段来标识地图标 注。利用唯一标识码CD对全国水资源二级区套省矢量数据进行分类，字段CD采用黑体加mask显示，以缺水率、人均缺水量、缺水损失、供水稳定性、需求压力指数、枯水指数 等水资源指标为分级标准辅以不同颜色绘制。居民点显示级别设置为地级市，并标示为 褐色；河流显示为三级，湖泊为二级，分别以各自名称标注，采用地图编制规范设定字 体、颜色。③ map mark. The automatic labeling method is used to identify map annotations according to the attribute fields in each data attribute table. The unique identification code CD is used to classify the provincial vector data of the second-level water resources area in the country. The field CD is displayed in bold and mask, and is represented by water shortage rate, per capita water shortage, water shortage loss, water supply stability, demand pressure index, drought Water resource indicators such as water index are drawn in different colors as supplementary grading standards. The display level of residential areas is set as prefecture-level cities, and marked in brown; the display level of rivers is level 3, and the level of lakes is level 2, marked with their respective names, and the font and color are set according to the map compilation standard.
④地图整饰。地图整饰包括主图及辅图上所有辅助元素，包括格网、图名、图例、比例尺、插图、附图、附表、文字说明及其他内容在图面上的表现方法和表现形式。由 于二级区套省注记较多，在调整时，先转为Annotation，再进行平移或是旋转，并选择重 复标注自动取舍功能，使其不与其他要素重合。然后，添加坐标格网，设置间隔为5°， 分别调整经纬线、图名、图例、注记的坐标、大小和颜色，突出水资源短缺及保障风险 的等级，保证地图清晰易读，层次分明，富有美感，实现地图科学性与艺术性的结合， 并符合地图制版印刷的要求和技术条件。④ map finishing. Map decoration includes all auxiliary elements on the main map and auxiliary maps, including grids, map titles, legends, scales, illustrations, drawings, attached tables, text descriptions and other content on the map. Since there are many provincial annotations in the second-level block, when adjusting, first switch to Annotation, then translate or rotate, and select the function of automatic selection of repeated annotations so that they do not overlap with other elements. Then, add a coordinate grid, set the interval to 5°, and adjust the coordinates, size, and color of latitude and longitude, map title, legend, and annotation respectively to highlight the level of water shortage and security risks, and ensure that the map is clear, easy to read, and well-organized , rich in aesthetics, realizes the combination of map science and artistry, and meets the requirements and technical conditions of map printing.
具体实施例：Specific examples:
(一)国界符号制作(1) Production of national border symbols
图例文件在ArcGIS中通常用*.style格式进行保存，通过Arcmap—>Tools—>Styles路 径下的style管理工具集(有Style References，Style Manager，Export MapStyles三个 功能)进行制作和管理。调出Style Manager之后，可以调出Symbol PropertyEditor的界 面进行图例制作。Legend files are usually saved in the *.style format in ArcGIS, and are created and managed through the style management tool set (with the functions of Style References, Style Manager, and Export MapStyles) under the path of Arcmap—>Tools—>Styles. After the Style Manager is called up, the Symbol PropertyEditor interface can be called up to make legends.
国界符号的具体制作步骤如下：The specific production steps of national border symbols are as follows:
1、在Style Manager左侧列表中，展开ESRI.Style文件夹，选择要创建的Symbol类型，国界属线要素，选择Line Symbol文件。然后在右侧列表中右键—>New，新建线要 素。本专利国界符号由4个线型组成，从上到下，分别是短竖线、加点短横线、紫色晕线 和淡粉色晕线。1. In the list on the left side of Style Manager, expand the ESRI.Style folder, select the Symbol type to be created, the national border line element, and select the Line Symbol file. Then right click in the list on the right -> New to create a new line element. The national border symbol of this patent is composed of 4 line styles, from top to bottom, they are short vertical line, short horizontal line with dots, purple halo line and light pink halo line.
3、短竖线的制作。短竖线的类型为Hash Line Symbol，颜色选择天蓝色(最好列出RGB值)，线宽0.12厘米，Line Caps属性选择Square方式，Line Joins属性选择Round 方式。另外需要在Template标签下对线型做进一步处理，首先拖动末端黑色的方点到位 置17来定义重复线型长度为17个单位，然后在位置1和11上单击鼠标左键加点来完成线型 设计。3. Production of short vertical lines. The type of the short vertical line is Hash Line Symbol, the color is sky blue (it is best to list RGB values), the line width is 0.12 cm, the Line Caps attribute is Square, and the Line Joins attribute is Round. In addition, the line type needs to be further processed under the Template label. First, drag the black square point at the end to position 17 to define a repeated line type length of 17 units, and then click the left mouse button on positions 1 and 11 to complete. Linear design.
4、加点短横线的制作。短横线的线型选择Cartographic Line Symbol，颜色选择天 蓝色，线宽0.06厘米，Line Caps和Line Joins属性均选择Round方式。同样需要在Template标签下进一步处理线型，定义线长为17个单位，在位置2-10、14上加点。4. Add some short horizontal lines. Select Cartographic Line Symbol as the line type of the short horizontal line, select sky blue as the color, and select the line width as 0.06 cm. Select the Round method for the Line Caps and Line Joins attributes. It is also necessary to further process the line type under the Template label, define the line length as 17 units, and add points to positions 2-10 and 14.
5、紫色晕线和淡粉色晕线的制作。线型均为Cartographic Line symbol，颜色分别 是紫色和淡粉色，宽度分别为0.1和0.16厘米，Line Caps和Line Joins属性分别是Square 和Round，Line Properties标记下设置偏移量分别为0.06和0.16厘米。5. Production of purple halo lines and pale pink halo lines. The lines are all Cartographic Line symbols, the colors are purple and light pink, and the widths are 0.1 and 0.16 cm respectively. The properties of Line Caps and Line Joins are Square and Round respectively, and the offsets set under the Line Properties mark are 0.06 and 0.16 cm respectively. .
6、确认保存，命名为中国国界图例。6. Confirm to save and name it as Legend of China Borders.
未定国界图例的制作步骤同国界符号类似，只是短竖线和加点短横线的线型设计有 所不同，短竖线的制作中，在Template标签下，定义线长为14个单位，在位置11上加 点。横线层制作中，在Template标签下，定义线长为14个单位，在位置2～10上加点。其 余属性的设置与中国国界图例的设置相同。The steps to make an undetermined national border legend are similar to the national border symbols, except that the line design of the short vertical line and the dotted short horizontal line are different. In the production of the short vertical line, under the Template tab, define the line length as 14 units. Add points to 11. In the production of the horizontal line layer, under the Template label, define the line length as 14 units, and add points at positions 2 to 10. The settings of the rest of the properties are the same as those of the legend of China's borders.
(二)图纸大小与出图范围设置(2) Drawing size and drawing range setting
为实现快速出图，本专利经过多次试验，得出统一制图的纸张大小和出图的范围，各项指标设置路径和数值如下。In order to achieve rapid drawing, this patent has gone through many tests to obtain the unified drawing paper size and drawing range. The setting paths and values of various indicators are as follows.
1、纸张大小设置1. Paper size setting
(1)首先，View下拉菜单中选择Layout View，将视图切换到版面。单击File— >Page and Print Setup，打开纸张打印设置对话框，选择Adobe PDF打印机，打印机属 性—>纸张/质量—>高级中来定义纸张的大小(宽度1410mm，高度1080mm)；勾选 Page andPrint Setup对话框中的Use Printer Paper Settings复选框，使得地图纸张宽度 为141cm，高度为108cm。(1) First, select Layout View from the View drop-down menu to switch the view to the layout. Click File—>Page and Print Setup to open the paper print setup dialog box, select the Adobe PDF printer, printer properties—>paper/quality—>advanced to define the size of the paper (width 1410mm, height 1080mm); check Page andPrint The Use Printer Paper Settings check box in the Setup dialog box makes the map paper width 141cm and height 108cm.
(2)双击数据框打开Data Frame Properties对话框，Size and Position标签下，设 置左下角坐标为：X2cm，Y2cm；图框的宽度为137cm，高度为104cm。(2) Double-click the data frame to open the Data Frame Properties dialog box, under the Size and Position tab, set the coordinates of the lower left corner as: X2cm, Y2cm; the width of the frame is 137cm, and the height is 104cm.
2、出图范围设置2. Setting of drawing range
Data Frame Properties对话框Data Frame标签下，设置出图比例尺和出图范围：比 例尺为1:4000000，固定比例尺固定纸张大小的情况下，调整要素的显示范围，最后确定一个固定的出图范围，以更为精确的统一所有专题图的出图范围，本专利制图的出图范 围为：Top：5,975,928.28316789m；Bottom：1,815,928.28316788m；Left：- 2,692,737.17114033m；Right：2,787,262.82885967m。Under the Data Frame tab of the Data Frame Properties dialog box, set the plotting scale and plotting range: the scale is 1:4000000, and when the scale is fixed and the paper size is fixed, adjust the display range of the elements, and finally determine a fixed plotting range to To more accurately unify the drawing range of all thematic maps, the drawing range of this patent drawing is: Top: 5,975,928.28316789m; Bottom: 1,815,928.28316788m; Left: - 2,692,737.17114033m; Right: 2,787,262.82885967m.
新添加一个数据框来单独以1：800万比例尺显示南海诸岛。同样方法设置出图大小 和范围，图框右下角位置为：X为138.945cm，Y为2.055cm，图框宽度为19cm，高度为27cm；显示范围为：Top：2,484,330.08675333m；Bottom：324,330.086753326m； Left：178,141.953814362m；Right：1,698,141.95381436m。A new data frame is added to display the South China Sea Islands individually at a scale of 1:8 million. Set the size and range of the picture in the same way, the position of the lower right corner of the picture frame is: X is 138.945cm, Y is 2.055cm, the width of the picture frame is 19cm, and the height is 27cm; the display range is: Top: 2,484,330.08675333m; Bottom: 324,330.086753326m; Left: 178,141.953814362m; Right: 1,698,141.95381436m.
(三)地理要素层的显示(3) Display of geographic element layer
本专利包含多层多类地理要素层，以点线面从上而下的顺序显示的同时，通过颜色、粗细等属性的设置来实现主要地理要素特别是专题要素的着重显示，This patent contains multiple layers and multiple types of geographic element layers, which are displayed in the order of dots, lines, and planes from top to bottom. At the same time, the main geographic elements, especially thematic elements, are displayed emphatically through the setting of attributes such as color and thickness.
1、点图层显示1. Point layer display
点图层主要包括居民点，分为首都、省会和地级市三种类别。考虑通常制图习惯，将它们的符号分别设为：Star1、Circle3、Circle2(指出它们所在的符号库)；大小分别 为：20、18、14；首都符号的颜色为红色RGB 255,0,0，省会和地级市的颜色为黑色 RGB 0,0,0。The point layer mainly includes residential areas, which are divided into three categories: capital, provincial capital, and prefecture-level city. Considering the usual drawing habits, set their symbols as: Star1, Circle3, Circle2 (point out the symbol library they are in); the sizes are: 20, 18, 14 respectively; the color of the capital symbol is red RGB 255,0,0, The color of provincial capitals and prefecture-level cities is black RGB 0,0,0.
2、线图层显示2. Line layer display
(1)河流图层(1) River layer
本专利中所包括的河流数据较多，且位于多个图层(一级、二级和三级河流，及一些重要河流，包括有：浊水溪、瓯江、徒骇河、图们江、沱江、九龙溪、新沂河等)， 集中添加这些图层，将其置于点图层下面，选择线型为River，颜色为RGB 10,147,252， 宽度为0.3point。There are many river data included in this patent, and they are located in multiple layers (first-class, second-class and third-class rivers, and some important rivers, including: Zhuoshui River, Oujiang River, Tuhai River, Tumen River , Tuojiang River, Jiulong River, Xinyi River, etc.), add these layers collectively, place them under the point layer, select the line type as River, the color as RGB 10,147,252, and the width as 0.3point.
(2)国界和海岸线图层(2) National boundaries and coastline layers
①国界图层：分别添加国界和未定国界两个图层，用之前制作的已定国界图例和未 定国界图例显示，宽度均设为4.5point。① National border layer: Add two layers of national border and undetermined national border respectively, and use the legend of definite national border and undetermined national border made before to display, and the width is set to 4.5point.
②海岸线图层，显示属性与河流图层相同。②For the coastline layer, the display properties are the same as those for the river layer.
(3)省界图层(3) Provincial boundary layer
添加省界数据，设置线型为“boundary,city”，颜色RGB137，90，68，宽2point， 考虑到扩大与其他线要素的差异，在template标签下对线型做稍微修改，连续的两点取消 前一点，仅保留一点。Add provincial boundary data, set the line type to "boundary, city", color RGB137, 90, 68, width 2 points, consider expanding the difference with other line elements, slightly modify the line type under the template tag, two consecutive points Cancel the previous point and keep only one point.
3、面图层显示3. Surface layer display
(1)二级水资源区图层。边界线型设为虚线“dash”，颜色为RGB 51,51,51，宽 度为1.5point。填充颜色依据属性值的高低确定，一般采用五级分区，一级采用颜色为 RGB255,50,50；二级为RGB 255,175,175；三级为RGB 218,242,170；四级为RGB 120,232,255；五级为RGB 70,205,255。(1) Secondary water resources area layer. The boundary line type is set to "dash", the color is RGB 51,51,51, and the width is 1.5point. The filling color is determined according to the value of the attribute. Generally, five-level partitions are used. The colors used for the first level are RGB255, 50, 50; the second level is RGB 255, 175, 175;
(2)湖泊图层。选择一级湖泊和二级湖泊，添加到Layer中，设置边界宽度为0.4，颜色为RGB 64，101，235，填充颜色为RGB 151，219，242。(2) Lake layer. Select the first-level lake and the second-level lake, add them to the Layer, set the border width to 0.4, the color to RGB 64, 101, 235, and the fill color to RGB 151, 219, 242.
(四)注记添加(4) Note addition
1、点图层注记添加1. Add point layer annotation
居民点首都、省会和地级市均用名字字段进行自动标注，然后设置首都字体为黑体，大小为20；省会为宋体加粗，大小为18；地级市为黑体，大小为14。居民点标注字 体的颜色为RGB 216,129,34。The capital, provincial capital, and prefecture-level city of the residential area are automatically marked with the name field, and then the font of the capital is bold, and the size is 20; the capital of the province is bold, and the size is 18; The font color of the settlement label font is RGB 216,129,34.
2、线图层注记添加2. Add line layer annotation
河流注记用名称字段来自动标注，一、二、三级河流注记字体为宋体，大小为14，颜色为黑色，左倾。其他河流注记字体为宋体，大小为12，颜色为黑色，左倾。River annotations are automatically marked with the name field. The first, second, and third-level river annotation fonts are Song, the size is 14, the color is black, and leans to the left. The font of other river annotations is Arial, the size is 12, the color is black, and leans to the left.
3、面图层注记添加与修改3. Adding and modifying layer annotations
(1)湖泊注记用名称字段进行标注，字体为宋体，大小为13，颜色为黑色，左倾。(1) The lake annotation is marked with the name field, the font is Song typeface, the size is 13, the color is black, and it is left-leaning.
(2)水资源二级区用标记字段CD进行标注。设置字体为Arial，大小为12，加mask为2。自动标注会产生注记重叠现象，需要进行位置调整。对于同一CD代码的不连续区 域，需要将重复标注删除，保留唯一代码标识，用指引线指示标注。(2) The secondary zone of water resources is marked with the label field CD. Set the font to Arial, the size to 12, and the mask to 2. Automatic labeling will cause overlapping annotations, requiring position adjustments. For the discontinuous area of the same CD code, it is necessary to delete the repeated marking, retain the unique code identification, and use the leading line to indicate the marking.
(五)图面配置与整饰(5) Drawing configuration and finishing
添加地理坐标格网、图名、比例尺、图表等辅助要素，进行图面配置与整饰。Add auxiliary elements such as geographic coordinate grids, map titles, scales, charts, etc., for map configuration and finishing.
坐标格网的添加Addition of a coordinate grid
大图坐标格网设置：Large image coordinate grid settings:
大图坐标格网设置为经纬线格网，格网间隔为5°，显示级别为度，并根据显示效果设置格网颜色为RGB 200,200,200，格网线条粗细为0.1。经纬线注记字体：宋体16，仅 用上标，样式如120°E。The coordinate grid of the large image is set to the latitude and longitude grid, the grid interval is 5°, the display level is degree, and the grid color is set to RGB 200, 200, 200 according to the display effect, and the grid line thickness is 0.1. Meridian and latitude annotation font: Song 16, only superscript, style such as 120°E.
南海诸岛小图坐标格网设置：Coordinate grid settings for the small map of the South China Sea Islands:
将南海诸岛的背景色设为白色，以覆盖下层图层。南海诸岛小图取消经纬线小短线 标示，经纬线颜色与大图相同，由于两个图层右侧经纬度标注重叠，将南海诸岛图经纬线设置为：间隔为5°，线条颜色RGB：200,200,200，粗细为0.1；经纬线注记字体：宋 体16，仅用上标，样式如120°E。南海诸岛小图取消经纬线小短线标识，格网字体等与 大图同样。Set the background color of the South China Sea Islands to white to cover the underlying layer. The small map of the South China Sea Islands cancels the small and short lines of longitude and latitude. The color of the longitude and latitude is the same as that of the large map. Since the latitude and longitude labels on the right side of the two layers overlap, the longitude and latitude of the South China Sea Islands map are set: the interval is 5°, and the line color is RGB: 200, 200, 200, thickness 0.1; meridian font: Song 16, superscript only, style such as 120°E. The small map of the South China Sea Islands cancels the small and short lines of latitude and longitude, and the grid font is the same as that of the large map.
2、图例的添加与调整2. Addition and adjustment of the legend
图名和比例尺安放在主图正上方中间位置，图例靠图框右侧，位于南海诸岛小图上 方，另外还有地图说明，安放在地图大图框的左下角。The map title and scale bar are placed in the middle above the main map, the legend is on the right side of the frame, above the small map of the South China Sea Islands, and the map description is placed in the lower left corner of the large map frame.
3、图面整体配置3. The overall configuration of the drawing
地图的整体布局的调整是提高地图美感的关键。协调主图、辅图、地图各辅助要素的空间配置，保证地图清晰易读，主题要素突出，整体和谐，层次分明，富有美感，实 现地图科学性与艺术性的结合。The adjustment of the overall layout of the map is the key to improving the aesthetics of the map. Coordinate the spatial configuration of the main map, supplementary map, and auxiliary elements of the map to ensure that the map is clear and easy to read, the theme elements are prominent, the overall harmony, the layers are clear, and the map is full of aesthetics, realizing the combination of scientific and artistic maps.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替 换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的 保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily conceive of changes or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711160658.9ACN108009217A (en) | 2017-11-20 | 2017-11-20 | The method that water resources in china support risk figure is made based on database-driven rapid batch |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711160658.9ACN108009217A (en) | 2017-11-20 | 2017-11-20 | The method that water resources in china support risk figure is made based on database-driven rapid batch |
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| CN201711160658.9APendingCN108009217A (en) | 2017-11-20 | 2017-11-20 | The method that water resources in china support risk figure is made based on database-driven rapid batch |
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