CN1079603C - Combined pulse charging method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combined pulse charge method for charge by using pulse current, which is characterized in that the pulse current comprises a first positive pulse of the voltage of the charge storage battery (group) end with 1.4 to 2.1 times of peak value voltage, a second positive pulse with peak value voltage lower than the peak value voltage of the first positive pulse and a negative pulse with negative voltage; the peak value voltage of the negative pulse is 40% to 85% of the peak value voltage of the first positive pulse; a momentary stop charge interval is formed between the first positive pulse and the second positive pulse.

Description

The combined pulse charge method

The invention relates to the charging method of rechargeable battery, particularly about the method for fast pulse charger.

Rechargeable battery is extensive use of on various machines and electric equipment owing to have the nonexpondable advantage of circulation.As a kind of power source of lead acid accumulator, be subject to people's attention just day by day as safe, the nuisanceless discharging of locomotive.And various cadmium nickel, hydrogen nickel, lithium storage battery are commonly various mobile communication equipment and adopt with little, the capacious characteristics of volume.These rechargeable batteries all are based on reversible electrochemical reaction and carry out work.After the electric energy of battery uses up, must charge to them, make them recover electric energy, can drop into use once more.Charging in the past generally all adopts direct current to carry out the charging method of constant voltage, constant current or unsteady flow.These charging methods get a big shortcoming be exactly the charging interval oversize, be more than 12 hours concerning lead acid accumulator, and cadmium nickel, hydrogen nickel, lithium storage battery are about about 10 hours.Because the charging current average amplitude that above-mentioned these charging methods are used is about 0.1CA, promptly so-called standard charging current.Can use greater than above-mentioned standard charging current (being so-called large current charge) and charge to shorten the time of charge in batteries? people are constantly studying and are testing.If can be shortened to about 1 hour in the charging interval with the current amplitude of 1CA to charge in batteries.But it is found that in charging process the speed of the electrochemical reaction between the positive pole of storage battery, negative pole and the electrolyte is subjected to various conditionalities.Adopt large current charge will make storage battery produce polarization phenomena, hinder normally carrying out of electrochemical reaction, very easily cause the barrier film and the electrode damage of internal storage battery, and destroy the balance of electrolyte, will cause the permanent damage of storage battery when serious.By existing various document records, under the prerequisite that does not cause the storage battery permanent damage, the constant current charge amplitude of being advised is 0.5CA to the maximum.Charging interval also will be about 3-4 hour like this.External electric power magazine (J.Power Sources) has been reported the method with the inter-train pause charging, the pulse current amplitude that this method is used is 1CA, and in each pulse period, the charging interval is the 100-200 millisecond, stop towards the time be the 300-600 millisecond, the whole charging interval is 290 minutes.In September, 1996, " boost battery charge principle and put into practice " (Zhu Xiaotong, Zhao elder generation osmanthus chopsticks) of Coal Industry Press proposed the fast charge method of a kind of " charge-discharge of charging-stop-stop filling " circulation.Charging is 300 milliseconds in the every circulation of this method, stops filling 200 milliseconds, discharge 120 milliseconds (totally 6 times, each 20 milliseconds); The whole charging interval is also about 2 hours.Though above-mentioned these rapid chargings have shortened the charging interval, also has bigger gap apart from charging in 1 hour.Their common shortcomings that exists are thoroughly to eliminate the polarization phenomena and the memory effect of storage battery in addition, therefore the discharge capacity of storage battery reduces gradually, need carry out conventional long-time charging to recover the capacity of battery with standard charging current in the regular hour.Simultaneously, the storage battery that disapproves any damage is arranged of these rapid chargings charges.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combined pulse charge method, it can overcome the shortcoming of existing fast pulse charger, can thoroughly eliminate polarization phenomena and the memory effect of storage battery in charging process, realize charging in 1 hour, both guaranteed that battery capacity can not reduce with the increase of charging times, again can in having, the slight storage battery that the damages function of repairing.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of combined pulse charge method of utilizing pulse current to charge is characterized in that described pulse current is for being included in weekly first positive pulse, second positive pulse and the negative pulse in (i.e. 2 π); In the 0-π period weekly is first positive pulse, its crest voltage is that 1.4-2.1 quilt doubly fills storage battery (group) terminal voltage, second step stopped the charging interval for the moment of π/4-π/5 periods, second positive pulse of the3rd step 5 π/8-7 π/10 when accounting for, less than the crest voltage of first positive pulse, the last period is that crest voltage is the negative pulse of the first positive pulse crest voltage 40-90% to its crest voltage greater than the terminal voltage of storage battery (group).

Described combined pulse charge method is characterized in that: above-mentioned negative pulse per second is at least to storage battery reverse charging 1 time.

Described combined pulse charge method is characterized in that: the frequency of the first above-mentioned positive pulse, second positive pulse and negative pulse is 25 hertz-32 KHz, and preferred frequency is 50 hertz or 60 hertz.

Described combined pulse charge method, it is characterized in that: comprising the trickle charge stage that the charging current amplitude is not more than 120 milliamperes, is 3 by the first above-mentioned positive pulse, second positive pulse and the large current charge stage of negative pulse combination and above-mentioned trickle charge stage duty ratio in time: 1-5: 2.

First positive pulse and second positive pulse that the present invention utilizes two voltage peaks not wait are carried out the big electric current quick charge of forward to storage battery, reduce simultaneously storage battery again and produced memory effect, and the interval that a moment stops to charge arranged between two positive pulses, so not only can prevent of the damage of constant big electric current effectively, and alleviate the caused temperature rising of large current charge accumulator diaphragm and pole plate.Add the reverse large current charge of negative pulse to storage battery, polarization phenomena and memory effect have thoroughly been eliminated, make storage battery really realize large current charge, the equal amplitude of its charging levelling can reach more than the 1CA, charging interval can be foreshortened to about 1 hour, the transfer ratio of rechargeable electrical energy reaches more than 95%, and the charging capacity of storage battery reaches 100%; Can also make pole plate be subjected in, slight damage scrap storage battery repaired, prolong its active time.Use the present invention can make the storage battery pot life behind the full charge extend to more than one month from present 3-5 days, and recycles the life-span more than 600 times, even can reach 1600 times, substantially exceeds 400-500 time of present standard code.

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is charge waveforms figure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is that the present invention is to the charge waveforms figure of capacitance less than 1800 milliamperes storage battery (group).

Embodiment 1.The impulse waveform of the combined pulse charge of the present invention when the storage battery (group) to high capacitance (more than 1800 milliamperes) charges as shown in Figure 1.Abscissa among the figure is the time of representing with corner, and ordinate is the voltage of pulse charging current.Described assembled pulse is: firstpositive pulse 1, secondpositive pulse 2 and negative pulse 3.In (promptly weekly) time period, firstpositive pulse 1 occupies the 0-π time period at one 2 π, and secondpositive pulse 2 occupies the A-B time period.π-A time period (accounting for π/4-π/5 corners) stops the charging interval for moment.The crest voltage value of firstpositive pulse 1 is for being filled the 1.4-2.1 times of storage battery (group) terminal voltage.The crest voltage of secondpositive pulse 2 is less than the crest voltage of firstpositive pulse 1, but greater than the terminal voltage of storage battery.Negative pulse 3 occupies the B-2 π time period (being about π/8-π/10 corners).The voltage ofnegative pulse 3 is negative value, and its crest voltage is the 40-90% of the first positive pulse crest voltage.Firstpositive pulse 1, moment stop the charging interval and secondpositive pulse 2 certainly exists in the cycle of each 2 π, and promptly be with the frequency of pulse to equate to the number of times of charge in batteries their each seconds.Andnegative pulse 3 is quite different, it is the state of the art such as size of character, chemical constitution and capacitance according to storage battery and deciding, that is to say not necessarily and carry out once oppositely large current charge to storage battery in the cycle at each 2 π, but minimum each second need be once to the reverse large current charge of storage battery; Frequency number with pulse is identical the most at most.If in certain 2 π nonegative pulse 3 in the cycle, the then above-mentioned B-2 π time period has just become another moment to stop the charging interval.The frequency of above-mentioned these charging pulses is 25 hertz-32 KHz, and general charging pulse is good with the frequency that adopts AC power frequency, promptly preferentially selects 50 hertz (or 60 hertz) for use.If adopt 50 hertz charging pulse frequency, then each second first, thepositive pulse 1 and secondpositive pulse 2 were respectively carried out the forward large current charge 50 times to storage battery, andnegative pulse 3 is then carried out 1-50 time reverse large current charge to storage battery according to the state of the art of storage battery itself.Circulating so repeatedly finishes until charging, and this process is generally about 1 hour, and is even shorter.

Embodiment 2.The impulse waveform of the combined pulse charge of the present invention the time to the charging of the storage battery (group) of little capacitance (below 1800 milliamperes) as shown in Figure 2, it comprises large current charge stage and trickle charge stage.Abscissa among the figure is the time of representing with corner, and ordinate is the voltage of pulse charging current.In the large current charge stage, one 2 π is in the cycle, and firstpositive pulse 1 occupies the 0-π time period, and secondpositive pulse 2 occupies the A-B time period.π-A time period (accounting for π/4-π/5 corners) stops the charging interval for moment.The crest voltage value of firstpositive pulse 1 is for being filled the 1.4-2.1 times of storage battery (group) terminal voltage.The crest voltage of secondpositive pulse 2 is less than the crest voltage of firstpositive pulse 1, but greater than the terminal voltage of storage battery (group).Negative pulse 3 occupies the B-2 π time period (being about π/8-π/10 corners).The voltage ofnegative pulse 3 is negative value, and its crest voltage is the 40-90% of first positive pulse, 1 crest voltage.Firstpositive pulse 1, moment stop the charging interval and secondpositive pulse 2 certainly exists in the cycle of each 2 π, and promptly their per second kinds are to equate with the frequency of pulse to the number of times of charge in batteries.Andnegative pulse 3 is quite different, it is the state of the art such as size of character, chemical constitution and capacitance according to storage battery and deciding, that is to say not necessarily and carry out once oppositely large current charge to storage battery in the cycle, but carry out once oppositely large current charge to storage battery at least in each second at each 2 π; Frequency number with pulse is identical the most at most.In each 2 π corner in trickle charge stage, there are onefirst trickle pulse 4,second trickle pulse 5 and two to stop the charging interval.The charging current amplitude of thefirst trickle pulse 4 is about 60 milliamperes, and thesecond trickle pulse 5 is about 120 milliamperes.Between the firsttrickle pulse 4 and thesecond trickle pulse 5 charging interval of stopping to be arranged.The frequency of these above-mentioned charging pulses is 25 hertz-32 KHz, and the arteries and veins that generally charges is good with the frequency that adopts AC power frequency, promptly 50 hertz (60 hertz).If adopt 50 hertz charging pulse frequency, then in the large current charge stage, each second first, thepositive pulse 1 and secondpositive pulse 2 were respectively carried out the forward large current charge 50 times to storage battery, andnegative pulse 3 is then carried out 1-50 time reverse large current charge to storage battery according to the state of the art of storage battery itself; In the trickle charge stage, thefirst trickle pulse 4 and the second trickle arteries andveins 5 are respectively to storage battery trickle charge 50 times.The above-mentioned large current charge stage continues 3-5 at every turn and then enters the 1-2 trickle charge stage of second after second; Both have constituted 3 in time: 1-15: 2 duty ratio.So large current charge stage and trickle charge stage alternately finish until charging repeatedly, and this process is generally about 1 hour, and is even shorter.Above-mentionedtrickle pulse 4 and 5 can be that the constant current of 60-120 milliampere substitutes with current amplitude.

Claims (4)

1. combined pulse charge method of utilizing pulse current to charge is characterized in that: described pulse current is for being included in weekly first positive pulse, second positive pulse and the negative pulse in (i.e. 2 π); In the 0-π period weekly is first positive pulse, its crest voltage is that 1.4-2.1 quilt doubly fills storage battery (group) terminal voltage, second step stopped the charging interval for the moment of π/4-π/5 periods, second positive pulse of the 3rd step 5 π/8-7 π/10 when accounting for, less than the crest voltage of first positive pulse, the last period is that crest voltage is the negative pulse of the first positive pulse crest voltage 40-90% to its crest voltage greater than the terminal voltage of storage battery (group).

2. combined pulse charge method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned negative pulse per second is at least to storage battery reverse charging 1 time.

3. combined pulse charge method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the frequency of the first above-mentioned positive pulse, second positive pulse and negative pulse is 25 hertz-32 KHz, and preferred frequency is 50 hertz or 60 hertz.

4. combined pulse charge method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprising the trickle charge stage that the charging current amplitude is not more than 120 milliamperes, is 3 by the first above-mentioned positive pulse, second positive pulse and the large current charge stage of negative pulse combination and above-mentioned trickle charge stage duty ratio in time: 1-5: 2.

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