Petroleum pipeline antiscale demulsification heating equipment and oil and gas and water are from methodTechnical field
The present invention relates to technical field of petroleum extraction, particularly a kind of petroleum pipeline antiscale demulsification heating equipment and oil gas waterSeparation method.
Background technology
Oil field heating furnace is the important equipment produced in crude oil progress oil-water separation system, is often occurred in the process of runningThe problem of fouling, the lighter block heat exchange pipeline and increase pressure by, and increase power consumption, heating furnace is directly scrapped when serious.Oil field at presentHeating furnace, using the heat exchanger tube compared with big orifice, to extend the time of dirt blocking, so increases the volume of heating furnace in design,Steel, increase transport and installation cost are not only wasted, on the premise of no fouling, due to the larger centre of heat exchange tube diameterFluid and tube wall distance far cause heat exchange efficiency very low, the serious waste energy.If the problem of adding fouling, waste of energyIt is just more serious.In addition, the heating furnace of field application there can only be heating at present, pass through in crude oil in heating furnace processWithout the function being demulsified with active antiscale.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of petroleum pipeline antiscale demulsification heating equipment and oil and gas and water from method, it is used forSolve crude oil carry out water-oil separating when system pipeline fouling it is serious, pipeline service life is short, of high cost, oil-water separation difference andThe problems such as demulsification is bad.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of petroleum pipeline antiscale is demulsified heating equipment, it include shell, thermal source inlet header, vibration-sensing rod, ultrasonic transducer,Inclined plate plate beam, thermal source outlet header, gas-collecting branch pipe, gas collecting tube are coalesced, the enclosure is provided with multilayer coalescence inclined plate plate beam,The both ends of the coalescence inclined plate plate beam are respectively equipped with thermal source inlet header and thermal source outlet header, are opened on the thermal source inlet headerEquipped with thermal source inlet, thermal source outlet is offered on the thermal source outlet header, which is consolidated by vibration-sensing rod one endFixed simultaneously and in shell closely to connect, the other end of the vibration-sensing rod is connected with ultrasonic transducer, and the gas collecting tube passes through someA gas-collecting branch pipe is connected with shell, and liquid entrance is carried out in described shell one end with crude oil, and the other end comes liquid outlet with crude oil.
Further, it is empty among the coalescence inclined plate plate beam, the spacing of the plate and plate of the coalescence inclined plate plate beam is10mm, the thickness of every block of plate are 1mm.
Further, the coalescence inclined plate plate beam and shell are axial into 40-50 ° of setting, the plate of the coalescence inclined plate plate beam withIt is to be arranged in parallel between plate.
Further, exhaust non-return valve is equipped with the gas-collecting branch pipe.
One kind utilizes petroleum pipeline antiscale demulsification heating equipment oil-water-gas separation method, includes the following steps,
Step 1, first heating source enter the thermal source inlet among every inclined plate by thermal source inlet header, and heat source is in inclined platePortion is flowed and the crude oil between inclined plate carries out heat exchange；
Step 2, crude oil carry out liquid and carry out liquid entrance left end into first passing around the Shu Jinhang separation of coalescence inclined plate plate after equipment from crude oil,Oil droplet larger first floats under the action of gravitational difference is adhered to the lower surface of each inclined plate, and water droplet sinks, and inclined plate is sent out at this timeThe power ultrasonic energy gone out has fine mechanical oscillation, shearing and heat effect, on the one hand accelerates pipeline inner panel interfascicular not have alsoSeparation or the emulsion break milk separation to float, on the one hand accelerate to be already adhered to the lower surface oil droplet polymerization of each inclined plate, and shapeInto the rising passway with holding oil circuit, water droplet is sunk down into pipeline, while is arranged on gas, enters gas collecting tube by gas-collecting branch pipe, thisProcess oil and gas and water is repeated from continuous；
Step 3, opens the exhaust non-return valve inside gas-collecting branch pipe, excludes the gas separated, the mixed liquor after separation in timeExported and discharged come liquid by crude oil, while heat source is discharged by the thermal source outlet on thermal source outlet header.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Oil-water-gas good separating effect, integrates antiscale demulsification heating, reduces cost, carryHigh work efficiency, extends the service life of petroleum pipeline, and petroleum pipeline antiscale of the invention demulsification heating equipment takes up an area faceProduct is small, easy to install, non-maintaining, energy-efficient and can continuous and steady operation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is petroleum pipeline antiscale demulsification heating equipment structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is petroleum pipeline antiscale demulsification heating equipment vibration-sensing rod partial structural diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, the invention discloses a kind of petroleum pipeline antiscale demulsification heating equipment and oil and gas and water from method,It include shell 1, thermal source inlet header 3, vibration-sensing rod 5, ultrasonic transducer 6, coalescence inclined plate plate beam 8, thermal source outlet header 9,Gas-collecting branch pipe 11, gas collecting tube 12, the inside of shell 1 are provided with multilayer coalescence inclined plate plate beam 8,8 plate of coalescence inclined plate plate beamBlock number is adjusted according to the actual requirements.The both ends of the coalescence inclined plate plate beam 8 are respectively equipped with thermal source inlet header 3 and heat source goes outMouthful header 9, offers thermal source inlet 2 on the thermal source inlet header 3, thermal source outlet is offered on the thermal source outlet header 97, which is fixed simultaneously by 5 one end of vibration-sensing rod and is closely connected in shell 1, and the other end of the vibration-sensing rod 5 connectsUltrasonic transducer 6 is connected to, the gas collecting tube 12 is connected by several gas-collecting branch pipes 11 with shell 1,1 one end of shell toolThere is crude oil to carry out liquid entrance 4, the other end comes liquid outlet 10 with crude oil.
It is empty among coalescence inclined plate plate beam 8, the plate of the coalescence inclined plate plate beam 8 and the spacing of plate are 10mm, every block of plateThickness is 1mm.Coalesce inclined plate plate beam 8 and shell 1 is axial into 40-50 ° of setting, it is equal between the plate and plate of the coalescence inclined plate plate beam 8To be arranged in parallel.
In addition, exhaust non-return valve is equipped with the gas-collecting branch pipe 11, for excluding the gas separated in time, to reducePressure and gas volume inside integration apparatus, it is ensured that grease is full of 1 inner space of shell, keeps separative efficiency.
The basic principle of the present invention：Make oil-water mixture real because being acted on by the inclined plate of power ultrasonic energy in flow processNow demulsification and antiscale, by gravity, natural layering, the larger water of density mutually sink to the lower part of inclined plate under inclined plate environmentAnd collect in the duct, the less oil phase of density floats to the top of inclined tube and collects in the duct, eventually forms water-oil phaseLaminar flow, the gas phase that crude oil comes in liquid continuously rises to uppermost gas phase pipeline, finally realizes the efficient fast of oil gas waterSpeed separation.
In normal work, power ultrasonic system starts integration apparatus of the present invention first, and ultrasonic transducer 6 passes throughVibration-sensing rod 5 is by power ultrasonic energy coupling to coalescence inclined plate plate beam 8, and plate beam and pipeline have all carried ultrasonic wave energy at this timeAmount, i.e. pipeline wall and plate beam wall remain a kind of fluctuation of high frequency short arc, and the result that this ultrasound fluctuates is by ultrasoundMechanical oscillation, shearing and the heat effect of energy effectively pass to oil-water mixture to be treated, thus receive efficiently demulsification,High-efficiency antiscaling, high efficient heat exchanging, the result efficiently coalesced.The ultrasonic technology of use can realize the work(such as frequency conversion, frequency sweep, long pulseCan, and ultrasonic energy is controlled into the optimum state before cavitation, to realize optimal demulsification and anti-scaling function.
As shown in Figure 1, crude oil carrys out liquid after crude oil carrys out the entrance of liquid entrance 4 integration apparatus of the present invention, coalescence is first passed aroundInclined plate plate beam 8 carries out coarse separation processing, which adopts along the axial of pipeline into 40 degree to 50 degree settings, plate beam materialMade of the stainless steel material that elasticity is good and absorption oil droplet is good, for plate interfascicular to be arranged in parallel, plate spacing based on crude carrys out liquid featureIt is arranged on 10mm.Oil droplet larger first floats under the action of gravitational difference is adhered to the lower surface of each inclined plate, and under water dropletHeavy, the power ultrasonic energy that inclined plate is sent at this time has fine mechanical oscillation, shearing and heat effect, on the one hand accelerates pipeline inner panelInterfascicular also without separation or the emulsion break milk separation to float, on the one hand accelerates to be already adhered to the lower surface oil droplet of each inclined platePolymerization, and the rising passway of oil circuit is formed and keeps, so as to improve the separative efficiency of oil-water-gas, the crude oil after processing carrys out liquid from originalOil carrys out 10 discharge of liquid outlet.
As shown in Fig. 2, heat source can be the heat sources such as hot steam, hot water, conduction oil, high-temperature flue gas come to passing through in the present inventionCrude oil between 8 plate beam of coalescence inclined plate plate beam carrys out liquid and is heated, and supplying heat source can be that heat pump, MVR, heating furnace, solar energy addThe diversified forms such as hot device.
Embodiment 1
By taking hot steam heat source as an example, crude oil carrys out liquid and to pass through first after 4 left end of liquid entrance enters integration apparatus of the present invention from crude oilThe coarse separation processing of coalescence inclined plate plate beam 8 is crossed, which uses along the axial of pipeline into 40 degree of settings, plate beam materialThe stainless steel material that elasticity is good and absorption oil droplet is good makes, and to be arranged in parallel, plate spacing based on crude carrys out liquid feature and sets plate interfascicularPut in 10mm.Hot steam is by thermal source inlet header 3 into the thermal source inlet 2 among every inclined plate first, and hot steam is in inclined plateInternal flow and crude oil between inclined plate carry out liquid and carry out heat exchange, and the steam water interface after last heat exchange is from 7 He of thermal source outletThermal source outlet header 9 is discharged.
Embodiment 2
By taking conduction oil heat source as an example, crude oil come liquid from crude oil come liquid entrance 4 enter integration apparatus of the present invention after first pass around it is poly-The coarse separation processing of inclined plate plate beam 8 is tied, the inclined plate beam tilt angle is along the axial into 50 degree of settings of pipeline, and plate beam material is using elasticityStainless steel material good and that absorption oil droplet is good makes, and plate interfascicular is arranged in parallel, and plate spacing based on crude carrys out liquid feature and is arranged on10mm.Conduction oil is by thermal source inlet header 3 into the thermal source inlet 2 among every inclined plate first, and conduction oil is inside inclined plateFlow and crude oil between inclined plate carrys out liquid and carries out heat exchange, the conduction oil after last heat exchange is from thermal source outlet 7 and thermal source outletHeader 9 is discharged.
Embodiment 3
By taking heat source of hot water as an example, crude oil carrys out liquid and to first pass around after 4 left end of liquid entrance enters integration apparatus of the present invention from crude oilThe coarse separation processing of inclined plate plate beam 8 is coalesced, which uses bullet along the axial of pipeline into 45 degree of settings, plate beam materialProperty stainless steel material good and that absorption oil droplet is good make, plate interfascicular is arranged in parallel, and plate spacing based on crude carrys out liquid feature and is arranged on10mm.Hot water is by thermal source inlet header 3 into the thermal source inlet 2 among every inclined plate first, and hot water is in inclined plate internal flowAnd the crude oil between inclined plate carrys out liquid and carries out heat exchange, mixing wastewater with air liquid after last heat exchange is from thermal source outlet 7 and thermal source outletHeader 9 is discharged.
The integration apparatus of the present invention whether shell 1 or coalesces inclined plate plate beam 8 all the time in course of normal operationThere is power ultrasonic energy, which can continue to keep pipeline and plate beam to have good shearing force, which can haveEffect prevents and removes fouling, prevents any adverse effect that fouling comes to equipment belt, due to the distance between plate beam only10mm, along with the ripple effect for the ultrasonic energy having on plate beam, constantly destroys the detention layer of cold and hot wall both sidesThermal resistance, makes heat exchange efficiency be higher by much than common heating furnace, and integration apparatus of the invention can efficiently keep oil for a long timeThe laser heating and oil and gas and water of field Produced Liquid are from effect.The integration apparatus of the present invention has the huge market space.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention can be used alone in actual operation, plural serial stage or parallel connection can also be concentrated to makeWith, plural serial stage or used in parallel can also be segmented, specific composing quantity is mainly determined by the crude oil at scene come the characteristics of liquid,The outfit situation of the equipment of the other water-oil separatings in scene is considered at the same time.Present device can not only add for carrying out liquid to crude oilHeat, the separation that can also carry out efficient oil-water-gas, can also effectively prevent the influence of dirt, Neng Goubao in the process of runningHold operation steady in a long-term.Oil field heating furnace again compares, and on the basis of identical heat exchange efficiency, integration of the invention is setStandby volume is less than the 1/3 of original heating furnace, and weight is less than the 1/5 of original heating furnace.It can be seen that this practicality is new significantlyCost is reduced, reduces the workload of installation.
Ultrasonic emulsion breaking principle
（1）Why ultrasonic technique is needed to be demulsified
The SURFACTANT ADSORPTION added when naturally occurring emulsifying agent in crude oil and exploitation in oil-water interface, formed have it is certain strongThe viscoelasticity film of degree, increases oil-water interface energy, so oil field produced crude oil is mostly existing in the form of emulsion,Emulsion dispersed structure is sufficiently complex, and as many oil fields in China enter two, tertiary oil recovery, crude quality is deteriorated, chemical compositionBecome increasingly complex with grease creamy texture, the coalescence to scattered water droplet causes aerodynamic blockage.It is former especially for heavyOil, viscosity is high, density is big, its breaking emulsion and dewatering is more difficult than dilute matter oil.Conventional gravitational separation process can only separate larger water dropletThe mixed liquor formed with oil droplet, such as to oil-in-water type（O/W）, water-in-oil type（W/O）, Water-In-Oil wrap oily (O/W/O), water bag againOily Bao Shui again（W/O/W）Deng complicated emulsion with regard to helpless.Research is found, it is difficult to conventional method demulsification desalting and dewateringCrude oil, power ultrasonic auxiliary law can be used for such oily desalting and dewatering, and have preferable result.
（2）Ultrasonic dehydration mechanism and advantage
Ultrasonic dehydration mainly using mechanical oscillation, shearing and the heat effect of ultrasonic wave, strengthens the collision of W/O drop with gatheringAnd so as to it accelerate oil, water two-phase laminated flow.
The mechanical oscillation effect of ultrasonic wave promotes oil droplet or water droplet to agglomerate, such as when ultrasonic wave is by there is suspension Water"particle"Crude oil medium when, cause suspension Water"particle" to be vibrated together with crude oil medium.Since Water"particle" of different sizes has notSame Relative Vibration speed, Water"particle" will mutually be collided, bonded, and the volume and weight of particle is increased, finally sedimentation pointFrom.
The shear action of ultrasonic wave can reduce oil-water interface film-strength, or diameter destroys interfacial film, accelerates liquid film discharge opeingProcess, so as to promote the coalescence of water droplet or oil droplet and separate.
The heat effect of ultrasonic wave reduces an oily water termination film-strength and viscosity of crude, on the one hand, boundary friction makes You YishuiBoundary temperature raises, and is conducive to the rupture of interfacial film, and on the other hand, crude oil absorbs part acoustic energy and changes into thermal energy, can reduceThe viscosity of crude oil, is conducive to the oil of Water"particle" -- water gravity settling separation.Research finds that Ultrasonic Radiation can promote sump oil newbornThe coalescence of water droplet in shape liquid.Radiated compared to traditional continuous type ultrasonic, pulse type supersonic radiation energy obtains more preferable water droplet coalescenceEffect.
Ultrasonic dehydration advantage, at present, commonly used breaking method are mainly chemical demulsifier method.Such a method is easyCause environmental pollution, and specificity is too strong, demulsifier can only work for single emulsion, and application range is narrow.UltrasoundRipple can conduct in various media, use that there is no limitation.Ultrasonic emulsion breaking is as a kind of emerging physics demulsificationMethod, its effect is good, pollution-free, cost is low.It is demonstrated experimentally that ultrasonic dehydration method not only can be used alone, can also coordinateOther methods are used together, and have good synergistic effect if with demulsifier method, and demulsification effect can be greatly improved when being used togetherRate.
(3) inclined plate water-oil separating principle and there are the problem of
Oil-water separation ordinary circumstance depends on the characteristic and separation equipment internals design feature of coalescing element material, tiltedly" shallow pool principle " of plate becomes method indispensable in oily water separation technique, which has low, the separative efficiency height that consumes energy, canThe features such as strong operability, environmentally friendly non-secondary pollution, have been widely used for the industrial production of each elephant.
Inclined plate beam is set according to " shallow pool principle " in the duct, not only increases the effective separation area of oil separator, is shortenedOil droplet vertical ascent distance, and improve rectification effect.Its mechanism of action is the flowing speed by reducing fluid in inclined plateDegree, extends the residence time of fluid in the duct, so that increase the probability that discrete phase oil droplet is collided and coalesced in inclined plate,Promote water-oil phase to be moved toward one another under the action of density contrast, carried for buoyance lift of the discrete phase oil droplet in mixed phase with separatingAdvantage has been supplied, has increased the probability of small oil droplet collision to improve water-oil separating efficiency, so as to reach a kind of thing of water-oil separatingThe oily water separation technique of reason.
Experiment is found, since stainless steel has good lipophile, in no ul-trasonic irradiation when the oil of different-grain diameterAfter dripping inclined plate made of particle arrival stainless steel, the lower surface of inclined plate is just adhered to quickly, and then is covered whole ramp type and gatheredKnot tying；Due to being acted on not rapid fusion between adjacent oil droplet by surface tension, and form continuous oil film, but withThe form of grain is arranged closely together.With the continuous part oil droplet for incorporating, being distributed in coalescence plate surface of dispersed phase oil dropletGrain constantly increase, when oil droplet coalescence to it is sufficiently large when, oil droplet that will be neighbouring with upside continuously merges, and is then randomly formed oneBar runner, is transported to inclined plate top, the plate face after runner disappears is returned to original state by oil phase.Dispersed phase oil droplet exists againThe region adhere to, so constantly circulation, so as to fulfill dispersed phase coalescence with separating.
Since the gathering system scale problems in oil field are very universal, regular situation declined board plate interfascicular and easy fouling, evenBlock, seriously affect separating effect.Found by above-mentioned separation process analysis, the separation effect of conventional inclined plate Coalescence-separation TechnologyRate is not high, more crucially depends merely on the self gravitation of oil droplet and water droplet and emulsion can not be separated, or separating effectIt is very bad.
It is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention in summary, is not used for limiting the practical range of the present invention.It is i.e. allThe equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of scope of the present invention patent, all should be the technology category of the present invention.