CN107861761B - A method and system for starting a physical host - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种物理主机的启动方法及系统，该方法包括以下步骤：与所述物理主机通信连接的管理节点，通过PXE启动物理主机；块设备服务器将预先存放于存储器的虚拟主机镜像文件导出成第一块设备；所述管理节点远程访问所述物理主机，控制所述物理主机与所述第一块设备之间建立通信连接；所述管理节点将所述第一块设备的含有所述虚拟主机镜像文件的数据拷贝到所述物理主机的硬盘，并适应性修改，启动所述物理主机。本发明的有益效果是：1.云平台用户使用虚拟主机镜像文件即可启动物理主机，不必为物理主机和虚拟主机准备两套镜像库，既节省存储空间，又方便使用和维护；2.启动镜像和虚拟主机镜像均可在部署时动态配置。

The invention relates to a method and system for starting a physical host. The method includes the following steps: a management node that is communicatively connected to the physical host starts the physical host through PXE; a block device server exports a virtual host image file pre-stored in a memory. into the first block device; the management node remotely accesses the physical host, and controls the establishment of a communication connection between the physical host and the first block device; the management node converts the first block device containing the The data of the virtual host image file is copied to the hard disk of the physical host, and modified adaptively to start the physical host. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. Cloud platform users can start the physical host by using the virtual host image file, and there is no need to prepare two sets of mirror libraries for the physical host and the virtual host, which not only saves storage space, but also facilitates use and maintenance; 2. Startup Both images and virtual host images can be dynamically configured at deployment time.

Description

Starting method and system of physical host

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of computers, in particular to a starting method and a starting system of a physical host.

Background

With the popularization and development of cloud computing technology, more and more applications and services are running on a virtual host created based on a virtual host image file. The user can create new virtual host image files for the virtual hosts according to the requirements in aspects of deployment, maintenance and the like. Virtual hosts can meet the needs of a large portion of applications, however, some applications, such as database services, high performance computing clusters, etc., need to run on physical hosts for performance considerations; still other applications may rely on special hardware devices or may require management, security, etc. to run on the physical host. However, there are distinct implementation mechanisms for physical hosts and virtual hosts, and they also have large differences in hardware configuration, system configuration, and network configuration. These differences result in virtual host image files not being directly applicable to the physical host.

To solve this problem, the mainstream method at present is to generate an image file suitable for the physical host by using an image production tool or an image conversion tool. The tools support common operating system releases, can generate image files in various formats, and are convenient to use. The virtual host image file is made into an ISO file and installed on the physical host, so that the physical host can be compatible with the virtual host image file, but a large amount of storage space is additionally occupied, the required processing time is longer, and the customization is poorer.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a starting method and a starting system of a physical host.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a starting method of a physical host comprises the following steps:

the management node is in communication connection with the physical host, starts the physical host through PXE, and enters a first system of the physical host;

the block device server exports a first virtual host image file pre-stored in a memory into a first block device;

the management node remotely accesses the physical host and controls the physical host to establish communication connection with the first block device;

and the management node copies the data containing the first virtual host image file of the first block of equipment to a hard disk of the physical host, adaptively modifies the data, restarts the physical host and enters a second system of the physical host.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. a cloud platform user can start the physical host by using the virtual host image file without preparing two sets of image libraries for the physical host and the virtual host, so that the storage space is saved, and the use and the maintenance are convenient.

2. Both the boot image and the virtual host image may be dynamically configured at deployment time.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.

Further, the adapting comprises: and executing a remote command, connecting the hard disk on the physical host computer or remotely, and modifying the data content of the hard disk.

The invention also provides another starting method of the physical host, which comprises the following steps:

the management node is in communication connection with the physical host, starts the physical host through PXE, and enters a first system of the physical host;

the block device server adaptively modifies a first virtual host image file which is stored in a memory in advance;

the block device server exports the modified first virtual host image file into a first block device;

the management node remotely accesses the physical host and controls the physical host to establish communication connection with the first block device;

and the management node copies the data of the first block of equipment containing the modified first virtual host image file to a hard disk of the physical host, restarts the physical host and enters a second system of the physical host.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. a cloud platform user can start the physical host by using the virtual host image file without preparing two sets of image libraries for the physical host and the virtual host, so that the storage space is saved, and the use and the maintenance are convenient.

2. Both the boot image and the virtual host image may be dynamically configured at deployment time.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.

Further, the block device server adaptively modifies the first virtual host image file pre-stored in the memory, specifically including:

the method comprises the steps that a block device server connects a first virtual image file stored in a memory in advance to a second block device of the block device server;

mounting the second block device to a directory of the block device server;

and configuring the second piece of equipment.

The invention also provides another starting method of the physical host, which comprises the following steps:

the management node is in communication connection with the physical host, starts the physical host through PXE, and enters a first system of the physical host;

the method comprises the steps that a block device server takes a first virtual host image file stored in a memory in advance as a back-end image file to create a second virtual host image file, and adaptively modifies the second virtual host image file;

the block device server exports the modified second virtual host image file into a first block device;

the management node remotely accesses the physical host and controls the physical host to establish communication connection with the first block device;

and the management node copies the data of the first block of equipment containing the modified second virtual host image file to a hard disk of the physical host, restarts the physical host and enters a second system of the physical host.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. a cloud platform user can start the physical host by using the virtual host image file without preparing two sets of image libraries for the physical host and the virtual host, so that the storage space is saved, and the use and the maintenance are convenient.

2. Both the boot image and the virtual host image may be dynamically configured at deployment time.

3. The first virtual host image file in the memory is not modified, so that the first virtual host image file can be repeatedly used, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

4. The second virtual host image file only records the difference part of the first virtual host image file serving as the back-end image file, and the occupied storage space is small.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.

Further, adaptively modifying the second virtual host image file specifically includes:

connecting the second virtual host image file to a second block device of the block device server by the block device server;

mounting the second block device to a directory of the block device server;

and configuring the second piece of equipment.

Further, the starting the physical host by the PXE includes:

the management node connects the boot image file stored in the management node to a third piece of equipment of the management node;

mounting the third piece of equipment to a directory of the management node;

and executing the step of starting the physical host computer through the PXE based on the data of the third block device containing the starting image file.

Further, the method also includes:

the management node configuring the third block device;

and executing the step of starting the physical host computer through the PXE based on the data containing the boot image file of the configured third block device.

Further, the memory comprises a file server, a hard disk, an optical disk or a U disk.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a system for starting a physical host, which is characterized by comprising a management node, a block device server, and a memory;

the block device server is used for exporting the first virtual host image file pre-stored in the memory into a first block device;

the management node is in communication connection with a physical host, and is configured to start the physical host through PXE, enter a first system of the physical host, and is further configured to remotely access the physical host, control establishment of communication connection between the physical host and the first block device, and also configured to copy data of the first block device, which contains the first virtual host image file, to a hard disk of the physical host, and adaptively modify, restart the physical host, and enter a second system of the physical host.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.

Further, the adapting comprises: and executing a remote command, connecting the hard disk on the physical host computer or remotely, and modifying the data content of the hard disk.

The invention also provides another starting system of the physical host, which comprises a management node, a block device server and a memory;

the block device server is used for adaptively modifying a first virtual host image file which is stored in the memory in advance and exporting the modified first virtual host image file into a first block device;

the management node is in communication connection with a physical host, and is configured to start the physical host through PXE to enter a first system of the physical host, and is further configured to remotely access the physical host, control establishment of communication connection between the physical host and the first block device, and also configured to copy data of the first block device, which contains the modified first virtual host image file, to a hard disk of the physical host, restart the physical host, and enter a second system of the physical host.

Further, the block device server is specifically configured to connect the first virtual image file pre-stored in the memory to a second block device of the block device server, mount the second block device to a directory of the block device server, and configure the second block device.

The invention also provides another starting system of the physical host, which comprises a management node, a block device server and a memory;

the block device server is used for creating a second virtual host image file by taking a first virtual host image file which is stored in the memory in advance as a back-end image file, adaptively modifying the second virtual host image file and exporting the modified second virtual host image file into a first block device;

the management node is in communication connection with a physical host, and is configured to start the physical host through PXE to enter a first system of the physical host, and is further configured to remotely access the physical host, control the physical host to establish communication connection with the first block device, and is further configured to copy data of the first block device, which contains the modified second virtual host image file, to a hard disk of the physical host, restart the physical host, and enter a second system of the physical host.

Further, the block device server is specifically configured to connect the second virtual host image file to a second block device of the block device server, mount the second block device to a directory of the block device server, and configure the second block device.

Further, the management node is specifically configured to connect the boot image file stored in the management node to a third device of the management node, mount the third device to a directory of the management node, and boot a physical host through PXE based on the data of the third device that includes the boot image file.

Further, the management node is further configured to configure the third block device, and start a physical host through the PXE based on the data of the configured third block device, which contains the boot image file.

Further, the memory comprises a file server, a hard disk, an optical disk or a U disk.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for starting a physical host according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating booting a physical host over PXE according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for starting a physical host according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an adaptive modification of a first virtual host image file by a block device server according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for starting a physical host according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an adaptation of a second virtual host image file by a block device server according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a block diagram of a boot system of a physical host according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a block diagram of a boot system of a physical host according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a block diagram of a boot system of a physical host according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for starting a physical host according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:

101. the management node is in communication connection with the physical host, starts the physical host through PXE, and enters a first system of the physical host;

specifically, PXE (preboot execution environment) is the latest technology developed by Intel corporation, and includes a server side and a client side, in this embodiment, the client side is a physical host, the server side is a management node, and in a PXE starting mode, the management node may download an image from a remote server through a network, and thus start the physical host through the network.

Optionally, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the starting of the physical host over the PXE includes:

201. the management node connects the boot image file stored in the management node to a third piece of equipment of the management node;

specifically, the management node may connect the boot image file in the qcow2 format to a block device (block device) of the management node by executing the disk image export command qemu-nbd, so that the operation on the block device may be reflected in the boot image file.

202. Mounting the third piece of equipment to a directory of the management node;

203. and executing the step of starting the physical host computer through the PXE based on the data of the third block device containing the starting image file.

Optionally, in this embodiment, after the management node connects the boot image file stored in the management node to a third piece of equipment of the management node, the third piece of equipment is configured;

and executing the step of starting the physical host computer through the PXE based on the data containing the boot image file of the configured third block device.

Specifically, after the block device is mounted to the directory of the management node, the management node may modify the start-up image file as if the local file is operated. For example, by executing tune2fs commands to adjust file system UUID, configure SSH services, configure networks, etc., physical hosts that are booted via PXE after configuration can be accessed remotely.

102. The block device server exports a first virtual host image file pre-stored in a memory into a first block device;

specifically, for example, the block device server may export a hard disk image in qcow2 format to the block device by executing the nbd-server. The block device server is typically co-located with the memory and communicates with the management node. The first Block Device adopts a Network Block Device (Network Block Device).

Optionally, in this embodiment, the storage is a file server, a hard disk, an optical disk, a usb disk, or other storage media.

103. The management node remotely accesses the physical host and controls the physical host to establish communication connection with the first block device;

104. and the management node copies the data containing the first virtual host image file of the first block of equipment to a hard disk of the physical host, adaptively modifies the data, restarts the physical host and enters a second system of the physical host.

Specifically, the physical host and the virtual host have different implementation mechanisms, and they have great differences in hardware configuration, system configuration, and network configuration, so that the physical host cannot be directly compatible with the virtual host image file, and instep 104, after the first virtual host image file is adaptively modified, the physical host can be compatible with the virtual host image file.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the adaptive modifying includes: and executing a remote command, connecting the hard disk on the physical host computer or remotely, and modifying the data content of the hard disk.

Specifically, the adaptive modification includes the following two ways:

1. executing the remote command, updating the configuration or installation program on the physical host. For example, the management node accesses the physical host through the SSH service, and may implement expanding the file system storage space by executing fdisk, e2fsck, resize2fs, and other commands according to the hard disk space, loading the MegaRAID series SAS controller module into initramfs through draut command, adjusting the physical host time through date command, and the like.

2. The configuration or installation program is updated by remotely operating the physical hard disk. For example, the management node uses the ISCSI protocol to remotely connect a physical host hard disk and mount the physical host hard disk to a local directory, and then can modify the data of the physical host hard disk as operating a local file, thereby implementing configuration of a file system, a host login mode, a network and the like, and installation of programs of network bond configuration tools, such as ifenslave and zabbix agent monitoring service.

Because the virtual host image file is usually large, the original image file is copied on the physical host, and the image data is modified on the management node by executing a remote command or remotely operating a physical hard disk, so that the physical host resources are fully utilized, and the configuration flexibility is greatly improved.

After the modification is completed, the hard disk starts the physical host, and then the physical host can be started through the virtual host image file.

Optionally, as an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a flowchart of a starting method of another physical host provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the method includes the following steps:

301. the management node is in communication connection with the physical host, starts the physical host through PXE, and enters a first system of the physical host;

specifically, PXE (preboot execution environment) is the latest technology developed by Intel corporation, and includes a server side and a client side, in this embodiment, the client side is a physical host, the server side is a management node, and in a PXE starting mode, the management node may download an image from a remote server through a network, and thus start the physical host through the network.

302. The block device server adaptively modifies a first virtual host image file which is stored in a memory in advance;

specifically, the adaptive modification mainly includes configuration of a file system, a host login mode, a network and the like of the first virtual host image file, and installation of programs such as an ifenslave and a zabbixagent monitoring service of a network bond configuration tool. The block device server is typically disposed at the management node, and the block device server is typically co-located with the memory and in communication with the management node.

303. The block device server exports the modified first virtual host image file into a first block device;

specifically, for example, the block device server may export a hard disk image in qcow2 format to the block device by executing the nbd-server.

304. The management node remotely accesses the physical host and controls the physical host to establish communication connection with the first block device;

305. and the management node copies the data of the first block of equipment containing the modified first virtual host image file to a hard disk of the physical host, restarts the physical host and enters a second system of the physical host.

Optionally, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, thestep 302 specifically includes:

401. the method comprises the steps that a block device server connects a first virtual image file stored in a memory in advance to a second block device of the block device server;

specifically, the block device server may connect the first virtual image file in the qcow2 format to a second block device (block device) of the block device server by executing the disk image export command qemu-nbd, so that the operation on the second block device may be reflected in the first virtual image file.

402. Mounting the second block device to a directory of the block device server;

403. and configuring the second piece of equipment.

Specifically, the configuration operation includes configuration of a file system, a host login method, a network and the like, and installation of programs such as network bond configuration tools, namely, an ifenslave and a zabbix agent monitoring service.

Optionally, as an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a flowchart of a starting method of another physical host provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the method includes the following steps:

501. the management node is in communication connection with the physical host, starts the physical host through PXE, and enters a first system of the physical host;

specifically, PXE (preboot execution environment) is the latest technology developed by Intel corporation, and includes a server side and a client side, in this embodiment, the client side is a physical host, the server side is a management node, and in a PXE starting mode, the management node may download an image from a remote server through a network, and thus start the physical host through the network.

502. The method comprises the steps that a block device server takes a first virtual host image file stored in a memory in advance as a back-end image file to create a second virtual host image file, and adaptively modifies the second virtual host image file;

specifically, for example, the block device server creates the second virtual host image file by using the first virtual host image file as the backend image file through the disk mirroring tool qemu-img. The virtual host image file records only the portion of the difference from the backend image file. The block device server is typically disposed at the management node, and the block device server is typically co-located with the memory and in communication with the management node.

503. The block device server exports the modified second virtual host image file into a first block device;

specifically, for example, the block device server may export a hard disk image in qcow2 format to the block device by executing the nbd-server.

504. The management node remotely accesses the physical host and controls the physical host to establish communication connection with the first block device;

505. and the management node copies the data of the first block of equipment containing the modified second virtual host image file to a hard disk of the physical host, restarts the physical host and enters a second system of the physical host.

Optionally, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the adaptively modifying the second virtual host image file specifically includes:

601. the block device server connecting the second virtual image file to a second block device of the block device server;

specifically, the block device server may connect the second virtual image file in the qcow2 format to a second block device (block device) of the block device server by executing the disk image export command qemu-nbd, so that the operation on the second block device may be reflected in the second virtual image file.

602. Mounting the second block device to a directory of the block device server;

603. and configuring the second piece of equipment.

Specifically, the configuration operation includes configuration of a file system, a host login method, a network and the like, and installation of programs such as network bond configuration tools, namely, an ifenslave and a zabbix agent monitoring service.

Correspondingly, the present invention further provides a system for starting a physical host, as shown in fig. 7, the system includes a management node, a block device server, and a memory;

the block device server is configured to export a first virtual host image file pre-stored in the memory to the first block device.

The management node is in communication connection with a physical host, and is configured to start the physical host through PXE, and is further configured to remotely access the physical host, control establishment of communication connection between the physical host and a first block device, and copy data of the first block device, which contains the first virtual host image file, to a hard disk of the physical host, and adaptively modify and restart the physical host to enter a second system of the physical host.

Specifically, the block device server may export a hard disk image in qcow2 format to the block device by executing the nbd-server. The block device server is typically co-located with the memory and communicates with the management node. The first Block Device adopts a Network Block Device (Network Block Device).

Optionally, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the management node is specifically configured to connect the boot image file stored in the management node to a third block device of the management node, mount the third block device to a directory of the management node, and boot a physical host through PXE based on data of the third block device that includes the boot image file.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the management node is further configured to configure the third block device, and start a physical host over the PXE based on the data of the configured third block device, which includes the boot image file.

Specifically, after the block device is mounted to the directory of the management node, the management node may modify the start-up image file as if the local file is operated. For example, by executing tune2fs commands to adjust file system UUID, configure SSH services, configure networks, etc., a physical host may be remotely accessible after configuration, and if not, the physical host uses default configuration.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the memory includes a file server, a hard disk, an optical disk, or a usb disk.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the adaptive modification includes the following two ways:

1. executing the remote command, updating the configuration or installation program on the physical host. For example, the management node accesses the physical host through the SSH service, and may implement expanding the file system storage space by executing fdisk, e2fsck, resize2fs, and other commands according to the hard disk space, loading the MegaRAID series SAS controller module into initramfs through draut command, adjusting the physical host time through date command, and the like.

2. The configuration or installation program is updated by remotely operating the physical hard disk. For example, the management node uses the ISCSI protocol to remotely connect a physical host hard disk and mount the physical host hard disk to a local directory, and then can modify the data of the physical host hard disk as operating a local file, thereby implementing configuration of a file system, a host login mode, a network and the like, and installation of programs of network bond configuration tools, such as ifenslave and zabbix agent monitoring service.

Because the virtual host image file is usually large, the original image file is copied on the physical host, and the image data is modified on the management node by executing a remote command or remotely operating a physical hard disk, so that the physical host resources are fully utilized, and the configuration flexibility is greatly improved.

After the modification is completed, the hard disk starts the physical host, and then the physical host can be started through the virtual host image file.

As shown in fig. 7, another boot system of a physical host according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a management node, a block device server, and a memory;

the block device server is used for adaptively modifying a first virtual host image file which is stored in the memory in advance and exporting the modified first virtual host image file into a first block device;

the management node is in communication connection with a physical host, and is configured to start the physical host through PXE to enter a first system of the physical host, and is further configured to remotely access the physical host, control establishment of communication connection between the physical host and the first block device, and also configured to copy data of the first block device, which contains the modified first virtual host image file, to a hard disk of the physical host, restart the physical host, and enter a second system of the physical host.

Optionally, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the block device server is specifically configured to connect the first virtual image file pre-stored in the memory to a second block device of the block device server, mount the second block device to a directory of the block device server, and configure the second block device.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the management node is specifically configured to connect the boot image file stored in the management node to a third device of the management node, mount the third device to a directory of the management node, and start the physical host through the PXE based on the data of the third device, which includes the boot image file.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the management node is further configured to configure the third block device, and start a physical host over the PXE based on the data of the configured third block device, which includes the boot image file.

As shown in fig. 7, another boot system of a physical host according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a management node, a block device server, and a memory;

the block device server is used for creating a second virtual host image file by taking a first virtual host image file which is stored in the memory in advance as a back-end image file, adaptively modifying the second virtual host image file and exporting the modified second virtual host image file into a first block device;

the management node is in communication connection with a physical host, and is configured to start the physical host through PXE to enter a first system of the physical host, and is further configured to remotely access the physical host, control the physical host to establish communication connection with the first block device, and is further configured to copy data of the first block device, which contains the modified second virtual host image file, to a hard disk of the physical host, restart the physical host, and enter a second system of the physical host.

Optionally, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the block device server is specifically configured to connect the second virtual host image file to a second block device of the block device server, mount the second block device to a directory of the block device server, and configure the second block device.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the management node is specifically configured to connect the boot image file stored in the management node to a third device of the management node, mount the third device to a directory of the management node, and start the physical host through the PXE based on the data of the third device, which includes the boot image file.

Optionally, in this embodiment, the management node is further configured to configure the third block device, and start a physical host over the PXE based on the data of the configured third block device, which includes the boot image file.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (12)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种物理主机的启动方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. a startup method of a physical host, characterized in that, comprising the following steps:与物理主机通信连接的管理节点，通过PXE启动所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的远程系统；The management node that is communicatively connected with the physical host starts the physical host through PXE and enters the remote system of the physical host;块设备服务器将预先存放于存储器的第一虚拟主机镜像文件导出成第一块设备；The block device server exports the first virtual host image file pre-stored in the storage into a first block device;所述管理节点远程访问所述物理主机，控制所述物理主机与所述第一块设备之间建立通信连接；the management node remotely accesses the physical host, and controls the establishment of a communication connection between the physical host and the first block device;所述管理节点将所述第一块设备的含有所述第一虚拟主机镜像文件的数据拷贝到所述物理主机的硬盘，并适应性修改，重启所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的本地系统；The management node copies the data of the first block device including the first virtual host image file to the hard disk of the physical host, and adapts it, restarts the physical host, and enters the local host of the physical host. system;所述适应性修改包括以下两种方式：执行远程命令，在物理主机上更新配置或安装程序或通过远程操作物理硬盘来更新配置或安装程序。The adaptive modification includes the following two ways: executing a remote command, updating the configuration or installation program on the physical host, or updating the configuration or installation program by remotely operating a physical hard disk.2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述适应性修改包括：执行远程命令，在所述物理主机上或远程连接所述物理主机上的硬盘，并修改硬盘数据内容。2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the adaptive modification comprises: executing a remote command, connecting a hard disk on the physical host or remotely, and modifying the data content of the hard disk. 3 .3.一种物理主机的启动方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：3. A method for starting a physical host, comprising the following steps:与物理主机通信连接的管理节点，通过PXE启动所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的远程系统；The management node that is communicatively connected with the physical host starts the physical host through PXE and enters the remote system of the physical host;块设备服务器将预先存放于存储器的第一虚拟主机镜像文件做适应性修改；The block device server adaptively modifies the first virtual host image file pre-stored in the storage;块设备服务器将经过修改的第一虚拟主机镜像文件导出成第一块设备；The block device server exports the modified first virtual host image file as the first block device;所述管理节点远程访问所述物理主机，控制所述物理主机与所述第一块设备之间建立通信连接；the management node remotely accesses the physical host, and controls the establishment of a communication connection between the physical host and the first block device;所述管理节点将所述第一块设备的含有所述经过修改的第一虚拟主机镜像文件的数据拷贝到所述物理主机的硬盘，重启所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的本地系统；The management node copies the data of the first block device containing the modified first virtual host image file to the hard disk of the physical host, restarts the physical host, and enters the local system of the physical host;块设备服务器将预先存放于存储器的第一虚拟镜像文件连接到所述块设备服务器的第二块设备，将所述第二块设备挂载到所述块设备服务器的目录，并对所述第二块设备进行配置。The block device server connects the first virtual image file pre-stored in the storage to the second block device of the block device server, mounts the second block device to the directory of the block device server, and performs an update on the first block device server. Configure two devices.4.一种物理主机的启动方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：4. A method for starting a physical host, comprising the following steps:与物理主机通信连接的管理节点，通过PXE启动所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的远程系统；The management node that is communicatively connected with the physical host starts the physical host through PXE and enters the remote system of the physical host;块设备服务器将预先存放于存储器的第一虚拟主机镜像文件作为后端镜像文件来创建第二虚拟主机镜像文件，并对所述第二虚拟主机镜像文件做适应性修改；The block device server uses the first virtual host image file pre-stored in the storage as a back-end image file to create a second virtual host image file, and adaptively modifies the second virtual host image file;块设备服务器将经过修改的第二虚拟主机镜像文件导出成第一块设备；The block device server exports the modified second virtual host image file as the first block device;所述管理节点远程访问所述物理主机，控制所述物理主机与所述第一块设备之间建立通信连接；the management node remotely accesses the physical host, and controls the establishment of a communication connection between the physical host and the first block device;所述管理节点将所述第一块设备的含有所述经过修改的第二虚拟主机镜像文件的数据拷贝到所述物理主机的硬盘，重启所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的本地系统；The management node copies the data of the first block device containing the modified second virtual host image file to the hard disk of the physical host, restarts the physical host, and enters the local system of the physical host;对所述第二虚拟主机镜像文件做适应性修改，具体包括：块设备服务器将所述第二虚拟主机镜像文件连接到所述块设备服务器的第二块设备，将所述第二块设备挂载到所述块设备服务器的目录，并对所述第二块设备进行配置。Adaptive modification to the second virtual host image file specifically includes: the block device server connects the second virtual host image file to the second block device of the block device server, and mounts the second block device. to the directory of the block device server and configure the second block device.5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过PXE启动物理主机的过程包括：5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the process of starting the physical host through PXE comprises:所述管理节点将自身存放的启动镜像文件连接到所述管理节点的第三块设备；The management node connects the startup image file stored by itself to the third block device of the management node;将所述第三块设备挂载到所述管理节点的目录；Mounting the third block device to the directory of the management node;基于所述第三块设备的含有所述启动镜像文件的数据，执行所述通过PXE启动物理主机的步骤。Based on the data of the third block device including the boot image file, the step of booting the physical host through PXE is performed.6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:所述管理节点对所述第三块设备进行配置；the management node configures the third piece of equipment;基于所述经过配置的第三块设备的含有所述启动镜像文件的数据，执行所述通过PXE启动物理主机的步骤。Based on the data of the configured third block device containing the boot image file, the step of booting the physical host through PXE is performed.7.一种物理主机的启动系统，其特征在于，包括管理节点、块设备服务器和存储器；7. A startup system for a physical host, comprising a management node, a block device server and a memory;所述块设备服务器，用于将预先存放于所述存储器的第一虚拟主机镜像文件导出成第一块设备；the block device server, configured to export the first virtual host image file pre-stored in the storage into a first block device;所述管理节点与物理主机通信连接，用于通过PXE启动所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的远程系统，还用于远程访问所述物理主机，控制所述物理主机与所述第一块设备之间建立通信连接，还用于将所述第一块设备的含有所述第一虚拟主机镜像文件的数据拷贝到所述物理主机的硬盘，并适应性修改，重启所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的本地系统；The management node is communicatively connected to the physical host, and is used to start the physical host through PXE, enter the remote system of the physical host, and remotely access the physical host to control the physical host and the first block. A communication connection is established between devices, and is also used to copy the data of the first block device containing the first virtual host image file to the hard disk of the physical host, and adapt it to modify, restart the physical host, and enter the the local system of the physical host;所述适应性修改包括以下两种方式：执行远程命令，在物理主机上更新配置或安装程序或通过远程操作物理硬盘来更新配置或安装程序。The adaptive modification includes the following two ways: executing a remote command, updating the configuration or installation program on the physical host, or updating the configuration or installation program by remotely operating a physical hard disk.8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述适应性修改包括：执行远程命令，在所述物理主机上或远程连接所述物理主机上的硬盘，并修改硬盘数据内容。8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the adaptive modification comprises: executing a remote command, connecting a hard disk on the physical host or remotely, and modifying the data content of the hard disk.9.一种物理主机的启动系统，其特征在于，包括管理节点、块设备服务器和存储器；9. A startup system for a physical host, comprising a management node, a block device server and a memory;所述块设备服务器，用于将预先存放于存储器的第一虚拟主机镜像文件做适应性修改，并将经过修改的第一虚拟主机镜像文件导出成第一块设备；The block device server is used for adaptively modifying the first virtual host image file pre-stored in the memory, and exporting the modified first virtual host image file into the first block device;所述管理节点与物理主机通信连接，用于通过PXE启动所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的远程系统，还用于远程访问所述物理主机，控制所述物理主机与所述第一块设备之间建立通信连接，还用于将所述第一块设备的含有所述经过修改的所述第一虚拟主机镜像文件的数据拷贝到所述物理主机的硬盘，重启所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的本地系统；The management node is communicatively connected to the physical host, and is used to start the physical host through PXE, enter the remote system of the physical host, and remotely access the physical host to control the physical host and the first block. A communication connection is established between devices, and is also used to copy the data of the first block device containing the modified first virtual host image file to the hard disk of the physical host, restart the physical host, and enter the local system of the physical host;块设备服务器将预先存放于存储器的第一虚拟镜像文件连接到所述块设备服务器的第二块设备，将所述第二块设备挂载到所述块设备服务器的目录，并对所述第二块设备进行配置。The block device server connects the first virtual image file pre-stored in the storage to the second block device of the block device server, mounts the second block device to the directory of the block device server, and performs an update on the first block device server. Configure two devices.10.一种物理主机的启动系统，其特征在于，包括管理节点、块设备服务器和存储器；10. A startup system for a physical host, comprising a management node, a block device server and a memory;所述块设备服务器，用于将预先存放于存储器的第一虚拟主机镜像文件作为后端镜像文件来创建第二虚拟主机镜像文件，并对所述第二虚拟主机镜像文件做适应性修改，并将经过修改的第二虚拟主机镜像文件导出成第一块设备；The block device server is configured to use the first virtual host image file pre-stored in the storage as a back-end image file to create a second virtual host image file, and make adaptive modifications to the second virtual host image file, and Export the modified second virtual host image file as the first device;所述管理节点与物理主机通信连接，用于通过PXE启动所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的远程系统，还用于远程访问所述物理主机，控制所述物理主机与所述第一块设备之间建立通信连接，还用于将所述第一块设备的含有所述经过修改的第二虚拟主机镜像文件的数据拷贝到所述物理主机的硬盘，重启所述物理主机，进入所述物理主机的本地系统；The management node is communicatively connected to the physical host, and is used to start the physical host through PXE, enter the remote system of the physical host, and remotely access the physical host to control the physical host and the first block. A communication connection is established between devices, and is also used to copy the data of the first block device containing the modified second virtual host image file to the hard disk of the physical host, restart the physical host, and enter the the local system of the physical host;对所述第二虚拟主机镜像文件做适应性修改，具体包括：块设备服务器将所述第二虚拟主机镜像文件连接到所述块设备服务器的第二块设备，将所述第二块设备挂载到所述块设备服务器的目录，并对所述第二块设备进行配置。Adaptive modification to the second virtual host image file specifically includes: the block device server connects the second virtual host image file to the second block device of the block device server, and mounts the second block device. to the directory of the block device server and configure the second block device.11.根据权利要求7-10任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述管理节点，具体用于将自身存放的启动镜像文件连接到所述管理节点的第三块设备，将所述第三块设备挂载到所述管理节点的目录，基于所述第三块设备的含有所述启动镜像文件的数据，通过PXE启动物理主机。11. The system according to any one of claims 7-10, wherein the management node is specifically configured to connect the boot image file stored by itself to the third block device of the management node, and connect the The third block device is mounted to the directory of the management node, and based on the data of the third block device including the boot image file, the physical host is started through PXE.12.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述管理节点，还用于对所述所述第三块设备进行配置，基于所述经过配置的第三块设备的含有所述启动镜像文件的数据，通过PXE启动物理主机。12 . The system according to claim 11 , wherein the management node is further configured to configure the third block device, based on the configuration of the third block device including the startup The data of the image file is used to start the physical host through PXE.

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