技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及电力培训领域，尤其指一种多功能数字化电能计量培训仿真系统。The invention relates to the field of electric power training, and in particular to a multifunctional digital electric energy metering training simulation system.
背景技术Background Art
传统电子式电能计量系统由电磁式互感器和电子式电能表组成，二次大量使用电缆传输信号，误差因素众多。不同于传统的模拟电能计量系统，数字化电能计量系统的整体架构发生了根本性的改变，整个系统由电子式电流互感器（ECT）、电子式电压互感器（EVT）、合并单元、数字化电能表构成，电子式互感器（含合并单元）替代了传统电磁式互感器，光纤通信取代了大量的电线电缆，电子式电能表也被数字化电能表代替。数字化电能计量具有绝缘结构简单、无爆炸、无二次开路危险、数字信号分享更为容易，带负载能力强等优点，且在2009年国家电网公司提出了建设坚强智能电网的发展目标，智能变电站作为智能电网的一个重要环节，在全国各地得到了推广建设。智能变电站的基本要求是全站信息数字化、通信平台网络化、信息共享标准化，能够自动完成信息采集、测量、控制、保护、计量和监测等功能。数字化计量系统作为智能变电站的重要组成部分，以数字化为特征，以计量某点电能为目标，根据互感器为电子式互感器或传统电磁式互感器，分为全数字化计量装置和半数字化计量装置。基于互感器、合并单元、数字化电能表技术的数字化电能计量系统在智能变电站中得到了广泛应用。数字化电能计量系统与模拟电能计量系统有以下不同特点：1.数字化电能计量系统各个设备存在机理上的相互联系，不可分割，必须作为一个整体进行研究，同时，数字化电能表本身只是完成了一个数字计算器的功能，单独研究数字化电能表的准确度并无实际意义，应当将两者视为一个整体进行溯源，方能对其计量性能进行评估；2.合并单元和数字化电能表之间的数据通信在过程层总线网络传输条件下，设备存在网络功能的适应性考核问题，当发生网络功能异常或者传输回路发生故障时，数字化电能表的不同处理机制可能会引起电能计量的误差，需要研究网络异常条件下的系统自适应性；3.数据传输的安全性问题，数字化电能计量系统由于数据为网络化传输，网络信息存在安全性问题，窃电手段可能会在技术上升级，尽管IEC已经颁布了IEC 62351标准来处理IEC 61850通信的安全性问题，但是对于数字化电能计量的安全性并无明确规定说明，急需对网络传输安全性进行考核分析，避免电力公司的损失；4.数字化电能计量系统的计量工程模型和模拟电能计量系统也有很大区别，数字化电能计量准确性受设备性能指标、现场工况的影响较大，需要建立数字化电能计量系统的工程模型，准确评估数字化电能计量系统的实际误差。The traditional electronic energy metering system consists of electromagnetic transformers and electronic energy meters. A large number of cables are used to transmit signals in the secondary circuit, and there are many error factors. Different from the traditional analog energy metering system, the overall architecture of the digital energy metering system has undergone a fundamental change. The entire system consists of electronic current transformers (ECT), electronic voltage transformers (EVT), merging units, and digital energy meters. Electronic transformers (including merging units) replace traditional electromagnetic transformers, optical fiber communications replace a large number of wires and cables, and electronic energy meters are also replaced by digital energy meters. Digital energy metering has the advantages of simple insulation structure, no explosion, no secondary open circuit danger, easier digital signal sharing, and strong load capacity. In 2009, the State Grid Corporation of China proposed the development goal of building a strong smart grid. As an important part of the smart grid, smart substations have been promoted and constructed throughout the country. The basic requirements of smart substations are digitalization of the entire station information, networking of the communication platform, and standardization of information sharing, and can automatically complete functions such as information collection, measurement, control, protection, metering and monitoring. As an important part of smart substation, digital metering system is characterized by digitalization and aims to measure the electric energy at a certain point. According to whether the transformer is electronic or traditional electromagnetic, it is divided into full digital metering device and semi-digital metering device. Digital electric energy metering system based on transformer, merging unit and digital electric energy meter technology has been widely used in smart substation. The digital power metering system and the analog power metering system have the following different characteristics: 1. The various devices in the digital power metering system are interconnected in mechanism and are inseparable, so they must be studied as a whole. At the same time, the digital power meter itself only completes the function of a digital calculator. It is meaningless to study the accuracy of the digital power meter alone. The two should be regarded as a whole for traceability in order to evaluate their metering performance; 2. Under the process layer bus network transmission conditions, the data communication between the merging unit and the digital power meter has the problem of adaptability assessment of the network function of the equipment. When the network function is abnormal or the transmission circuit fails, the different processing mechanisms of the digital power meter may cause errors in power metering. It is necessary to study the system adaptability under abnormal network conditions; 3. The security of data transmission. Since the digital power metering system transmits data through the network, there are security issues in the network information. The means of stealing electricity may be upgraded in technology. Although IEC has promulgated the IEC 62351 standard to deal with IEC 61850 communication security issues, but there are no clear regulations on the security of digital electricity metering. It is urgent to evaluate and analyze the security of network transmission to avoid losses to power companies; 4. The metering engineering model of the digital electricity metering system is also very different from the analog electricity metering system. The accuracy of digital electricity metering is greatly affected by equipment performance indicators and on-site conditions. It is necessary to establish an engineering model of the digital electricity metering system to accurately evaluate the actual error of the digital electricity metering system.
数字化计量技术作为新兴计量技术，各地电力公司及相关设备厂商对其进行了大量的研究，但由于数字化计量系统检测技术、检定规程、相关标准尚不完善，检测设备，检测能力有待大幅度提升，严重制约着数字化电能计量系统的发展，另外国家电网公司目标要求加快完成数字电能计量体系建设，将其用于贸易结算，因此，数字化计量系统的建设已刻不容缓。但对数字化电能计量虽然投入了一定的资金、人力、物力进行了分阶段培训，但培训本身就缺乏一套有效的装置与系统，一线工作人员实际操作更缺乏一套数字化计量仿真培训系统，帮助现场分析与维护数字电能计量，提高管理自动化、智能化水平。As an emerging metering technology, digital metering technology has been extensively studied by power companies and related equipment manufacturers in various regions. However, due to the fact that the detection technology, verification procedures and related standards of digital metering systems are not yet perfect, and the detection equipment and detection capabilities need to be greatly improved, the development of digital electric energy metering systems is seriously restricted. In addition, the State Grid Corporation of China aims to accelerate the completion of the construction of digital electric energy metering systems and use them for trade settlement. Therefore, the construction of digital metering systems is urgent. Although a certain amount of funds, manpower and material resources have been invested in digital electric energy metering for phased training, the training itself lacks an effective set of devices and systems, and the actual operation of front-line staff lacks a set of digital metering simulation training systems to help on-site analysis and maintenance of digital electric energy metering and improve the level of management automation and intelligence.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题和提出的技术任务是对现有技术方案进行完善与改进，提供一种多功能数字化电能计量培训仿真系统，以实现对工作人员的数字化计量的实际操作培训目的。为此，本发明采取以下技术方案。The technical problem to be solved and the technical task proposed by the present invention are to improve and perfect the existing technical solutions and provide a multifunctional digital electric energy metering training simulation system to achieve the practical operation training purpose of digital metering for staff. To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
一种多功能数字化电能计量培训仿真系统，包括两套数字化计量培训仿真装置，两套数字化计量培训仿真装置间隔设置；每一套数字化计量培训仿真装置均包括柜体、用于进行电子式互感器试验的电子式互感器试验模块、用于合并单元计量实现的合并单元计量实验模块、用于数字式电能表实现的数字式电能表实验模块、用于数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验的数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块、显示模块及控制模块，所述的控制模块与电子式互感器试验模块、合并单元计量实验模块、数字式电能表实验模块、数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块、显示模块相连；柜体面板上设有多个设备接口以连接内置于柜体的电子式互感器试验模块、合并单元计量实验模块、数字式电能表实验模块、数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块；所述的电子式互感器试验模块、合并单元计量实验模块、数字式电能表实验模块、数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块均包括标配设备及被测设备。通过两套仿真装置，并通过网络连接，可实现双人在线实时竞赛，提升了仿真学习培训的竞争意识；本系统完善的模块功能和设备接口可方便地接入电子式互感器、合并单元、数字化电能表等数字化设备，对整个数字化电能计量系统进行学习培训、理论研究、仿真计算、故障模拟、通信性能分析、试验验证、误差校验、结业考试、竞赛比武等多方面的研究和测试。工作人员均可随时、实时在线学习、培训、考试，可大幅度减少培训费用，缩短了工作人员的培训学习时间，加快数字化电能计量系统的普及应用。A multifunctional digital electric energy metering training simulation system comprises two sets of digital metering training simulation devices, which are arranged at intervals; each set of digital metering training simulation devices comprises a cabinet, an electronic transformer test module for conducting electronic transformer tests, a combined unit metering experiment module for combined unit metering, a digital electric energy meter experiment module for realizing digital electric energy meters, a digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module for full performance experiments of digital metering training simulation devices, a display module and a control module, wherein the control module is connected with the electronic transformer test module, the combined unit metering experiment module, the digital electric energy meter experiment module, the digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module and the display module; a plurality of equipment interfaces are arranged on the cabinet panel to connect the electronic transformer test module, the combined unit metering experiment module, the digital electric energy meter experiment module and the digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module built in the cabinet; the electronic transformer test module, the combined unit metering experiment module, the digital electric energy meter experiment module and the digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module all comprise standard equipment and equipment to be tested. Through two sets of simulation devices and network connection, two-person online real-time competition can be realized, which enhances the competitive awareness of simulation learning and training; the system's complete module functions and equipment interfaces can easily access digital devices such as electronic transformers, merging units, and digital energy meters, and conduct learning and training, theoretical research, simulation calculations, fault simulation, communication performance analysis, test verification, error verification, final examinations, competitions, and other research and testing on the entire digital energy metering system. All staff can learn, train, and take exams online at any time and in real time, which can greatly reduce training costs, shorten the training and learning time of staff, and accelerate the popularization and application of digital energy metering systems.
作为对上述技术方案的进一步完善和补充，本发明还包括以下附加技术特征。As a further improvement and supplement to the above technical solution, the present invention also includes the following additional technical features.
所述的电子式互感器试验模块包括标准电压互感器、标准电流互感器、电子式电压互感器、电子式电流互感器、合并单元、同步时钟装置、间隔层交机及电子式互感器校验仪；电子式互感器试验模块以一次电流、电压为输入信号，输入信号同时进入标准电压/电流互感器和电子式电压/电流互感器，标准电压/电流互感器输出的标准二次信号接入电子式互感器校验仪，电子式电压/电流互感器输出的小模拟信号接入电子式互感器校验仪和合并单元，电子式电压/电流互感器输出的信号接入合并单元，合并单元输出端直接接入电子式互感器校验仪输入端或者先通过间隔层交换机然后接入电子式互感器校验仪的输入端。本模块可以单独对电子式互感器本身特性进行培训研究和试验测试，以一次电流、电压为输入信号，测试电子式互感器计量性能（基波、谐波）、通讯性能、时间性能；基本误差、绝对延迟时间特性等；电子式互感器校验仪不仅可以单独对电子式互感器本身特性进行分析，且可以对电子式互感器校验仪+合并单元整体特性进行分析。The electronic transformer test module includes a standard voltage transformer, a standard current transformer, an electronic voltage transformer, an electronic current transformer, a merging unit, a synchronous clock device, an interval layer switch and an electronic transformer tester; the electronic transformer test module uses primary current and voltage as input signals, and the input signals enter the standard voltage/current transformer and the electronic voltage/current transformer at the same time. The standard secondary signal output by the standard voltage/current transformer is connected to the electronic transformer tester, and the small analog signal output by the electronic voltage/current transformer is connected to the electronic transformer tester and the merging unit. The signal output by the electronic voltage/current transformer is connected to the merging unit, and the output end of the merging unit is directly connected to the input end of the electronic transformer tester or first passes through the interval layer switch and then connected to the input end of the electronic transformer tester. This module can be used to conduct training research and experimental testing on the characteristics of the electronic transformer itself. With primary current and voltage as input signals, it can test the electronic transformer's measurement performance (fundamental wave, harmonics), communication performance, time performance; basic error, absolute delay time characteristics, etc. The electronic transformer tester can not only analyze the characteristics of the electronic transformer itself, but also analyze the overall characteristics of the electronic transformer tester + merging unit.
所述的电子式互感器试验模块还包括三相程控功率源、升压装置、升流装置，所述的升压装置的输入端与程控功率源相连，升压装置的输出端与标准电压互感器相连；所述的升流装置的输入端与三相程控功率源相连，升流装置的输出端与标准电流互感器相连；所述的三相程控功率源、升压装置、升流装置、标准电压互感器、标准电流互感器、步时钟装置、间隔层交机机及电子式互感器校验仪为标配设备，所述的电子式电压互感器、电子式电流互感器、合并单元为被测设备。三相程控功率源作为信号源经升压升流后作为一次试验电流信号和试验电压信号分别提供给标准电压/电流互感器；所述的标配设备可实现设备共用，所述的被测设备因测试对象和内容不同，便于更换。The electronic transformer test module also includes a three-phase programmable power source, a boost device, and a current boost device. The input end of the boost device is connected to the programmable power source, and the output end of the boost device is connected to a standard voltage transformer; the input end of the current boost device is connected to the three-phase programmable power source, and the output end of the current boost device is connected to a standard current transformer; the three-phase programmable power source, boost device, current boost device, standard voltage transformer, standard current transformer, step clock device, interval layer exchange machine and electronic transformer tester are standard equipment, and the electronic voltage transformer, electronic current transformer and merging unit are the equipment under test. The three-phase programmable power source is used as a signal source, and after boosting and increasing the current, it is provided to the standard voltage/current transformer as a primary test current signal and a test voltage signal respectively; the standard equipment can realize equipment sharing, and the equipment under test is easy to replace due to different test objects and contents.
所述的电子式互感器试验模块测试项目包括：The test items of the electronic transformer test module include:
101）基本准确度试验：对于电子式电流互感器，基本准确度试验应在1%（对S级），5%，20%，100%和120%额定电流点进行；对于测量用的0.2级及以下的电流互感器，每个测量点测量电流上升时的比值误差和相位误差；对于电子式电压互感器，基本准确度试验在80%、100%、120%额定电压点进行；对于测量用0.2级及以下的电压互感器，每个测量点测量电压上升时的比值误差和相位误差；101) Basic accuracy test: For electronic current transformers, the basic accuracy test should be carried out at 1% (for S-level), 5%, 20%, 100% and 120% of the rated current points; for current transformers of level 0.2 and below for measurement, the ratio error and phase error of the current rise shall be measured at each measurement point; for electronic voltage transformers, the basic accuracy test shall be carried out at 80%, 100% and 120% of the rated voltage points; for voltage transformers of level 0.2 and below for measurement, the ratio error and phase error of the voltage rise shall be measured at each measurement point;
102）测量重复性：此项测试与基本误差测量同时进行，计算出连续n次测量算术平均值的实验标准偏差；102) Measurement repeatability: This test is carried out simultaneously with the basic error measurement, and the experimental standard deviation of the arithmetic mean of n consecutive measurements is calculated;
103）短时稳定性：对被检计量用合并单元施加额定电流/电压，在同一测量点连续测试10min，得出被检计量用合并单元误差的最大值和最小值，将最大值减去最小值；103) Short-term stability: Apply rated current/voltage to the measured merging unit under test, and test continuously for 10 minutes at the same measuring point to obtain the maximum and minimum error of the measured merging unit under test, and subtract the minimum value from the maximum value;
104）周期稳定性：将上一次测量的基本误差与本次测量的基本误差进行比较，分别计算两次试验结果中壁纸误差的差值和相位误差的差值；104) Cyclic stability: Compare the basic error of the previous measurement with the basic error of this measurement, and calculate the difference in wallpaper error and phase error in the two test results respectively;
105）直流偏置试验：在被测计量用合并单元输入信号为零时，使用合并单元测试装置测试其输出信号的直流分量；105) DC bias test: When the input signal of the measured merging unit is zero, the merging unit test device is used to test the DC component of its output signal;
106）多通道同步准确度试验：电子式互感器不同模拟量测量通道的幅值误差的差值不应超过±0.05%，相位误差的差值不超过±2’；试验使用三相交流模拟信号源为电子式互感器加额定值电压，测量各电压通道和各电流通道的幅值误差和相位误差；106) Multi-channel synchronization accuracy test: The difference in amplitude error of different analog measurement channels of the electronic transformer should not exceed ±0.05%, and the difference in phase error should not exceed ±2'; the test uses a three-phase AC analog signal source to add rated voltage to the electronic transformer, and measures the amplitude error and phase error of each voltage channel and each current channel;
107）三相不平衡负载试验：三相不平衡指三相电压通道加对称三相参比电压，任一相电流通道施加参比电流，另两相电流通道无电流；在三相不平衡以及缺相情况下，计量用合并单元的电压、 电流各通道测量精确度应符合误差允许变化范围要求；对于数字量输入式计量用合并单元无此项要求；107) Three-phase unbalanced load test: Three-phase unbalance means that a symmetrical three-phase reference voltage is added to the three-phase voltage channel, a reference current is applied to any one-phase current channel, and there is no current in the other two-phase current channels; in the case of three-phase unbalance and phase loss, the measurement accuracy of the voltage and current channels of the metering merging unit shall meet the requirements of the allowable error variation range; there is no such requirement for digital input metering merging units;
108）采样值报文响应时间试验：被测互感器在无同步源的情况下，由电子式互感器校验设备测出基波的相对角度差，计算出一次电流到MU输出的电子式互感器绝对时延；测试电子式互感器的绝对时延与合并单元标定的额定延时之间误差；108) Sampling value message response time test: When the transformer under test has no synchronization source, the relative angle difference of the fundamental wave is measured by the electronic transformer calibration equipment, and the absolute delay of the electronic transformer from the primary current to the MU output is calculated; the error between the absolute delay of the electronic transformer and the rated delay calibrated by the merging unit is tested;
109）完整性试验：合并单元测试装置根据接收到的采样值报文判断计量用合并单元发送的采样值报文是否丢包、丢点、重复、错序，并记录发送周期，测试时间持续24 h以上；此项测试针对不同的采样值报文配置分别进行；109) Integrity test: The merging unit test device determines whether the sampling value message sent by the metering merging unit is lost, lost, repeated, or out of order based on the received sampling value message, and records the sending cycle. The test time lasts for more than 24 hours; this test is performed for different sampling value message configurations;
110）采样值报文发送周期试验：合并单元测试装置记录接收到的每包采样值报文的时刻，并据此计算出连续两包之间的间隔时间T；T与额定采样间隔之间的差值应满足计量用合并单元技术条件中相关要求；测试时间持续24 h以上；测试该针对不同的采样值报文配置；110) Sample value message transmission cycle test: The merging unit test device records the time of receiving each sample value message, and calculates the interval time T between two consecutive packets based on this; the difference between T and the rated sampling interval should meet the relevant requirements of the technical conditions of the metering merging unit; the test time lasts for more than 24 hours; the test is carried out for different sample value message configurations;
111）守时误差检验：守时误差通过MU输出的1PPS/采样同步脉冲信号与参考时钟源1PPS信号比较获得；测试开始时，计量用合并单元先接受标准时钟源的授时，待计量用合并单元正常工作后，撤销标准时钟源的授时；从撤销授时的时刻开始，利用时间测试仪以每秒测量1次的频率测量计量用合并单元和标准时钟源各自输出的秒脉冲信号有效沿之间的时间差的绝对值△t，连续测量一段时间，这段时间内测得的△t的最大值即为最终测试结果，△t小于等于4μs；111) Timing error test: The timing error is obtained by comparing the 1PPS/sampling synchronization pulse signal output by the MU with the 1PPS signal of the reference clock source. At the beginning of the test, the metering merging unit first receives the timing from the standard clock source. After the metering merging unit works normally, the timing from the standard clock source is cancelled. From the moment of canceling the timing, the absolute value △t of the time difference between the effective edges of the second pulse signals output by the metering merging unit and the standard clock source is measured once per second using a time tester. The measurement is continued for a period of time. The maximum value of △t measured during this period is the final test result. △t is less than or equal to 4μs.
112）对时信号异常情况试验：采样脉冲发生器发生端口1、2、3 输出对时信号，计量用合并单元处于正常工作状态；改变时钟源端口1 的输出，使端口1 输出的对时信号出现失真信号、抖动信号、错帧、错校验码等异常情况，测试计量用合并单元能否不受这些异常情况的干扰并按正确的采样周期发送报文。可以方便地实现电子式互感器试验模块的各种测试项目。112) Timing signal abnormality test: The sampling pulse generator generates ports 1, 2, and 3 to output timing signals, and the metering merging unit is in normal working condition; the output of the clock source port 1 is changed to make the timing signal output by port 1 have abnormal conditions such as distorted signals, jitter signals, wrong frames, and wrong check codes, and test whether the metering merging unit can be unaffected by these abnormal conditions and send messages according to the correct sampling cycle. Various test items of the electronic transformer test module can be easily realized.
所述的合并单元计量实验模块包括三相程控功率源、模拟量输入合并单元、同步时钟装置、间隔层交换机、合并单元测试仪，合并单元计量实验模块以三相程控功率源为信号源，输出信号同时进入模拟量输入合并单元及合并单元测试仪，合并单元输出端直接接入合并单元测试仪或者先通过间隔层交换机然后接入合并单元测试仪；所述的三相程控功率源、同步时钟装置、间隔层交换机、合并单元测试仪为标配设备，所述的模拟量输入合并单元为被测设备。合并单元计量实验模块可以对模拟量输入合并单元的误差特性、误差影响量、通信性能、同步性能进行试验；所述的标配设备可实现设备共用，所述的被测设备因测试对象和内容不同，便于更换。The merging unit metrology experiment module includes a three-phase programmable power source, an analog input merging unit, a synchronous clock device, an interval layer switch, and a merging unit tester. The merging unit metrology experiment module uses a three-phase programmable power source as a signal source, and the output signal enters the analog input merging unit and the merging unit tester at the same time. The output end of the merging unit is directly connected to the merging unit tester or first passes through the interval layer switch and then connects to the merging unit tester; the three-phase programmable power source, synchronous clock device, interval layer switch, and merging unit tester are standard equipment, and the analog input merging unit is the device under test. The merging unit metrology experiment module can test the error characteristics, error influence, communication performance, and synchronization performance of the analog input merging unit; the standard equipment can realize equipment sharing, and the device under test is easy to replace due to different test objects and contents.
合并单元计量实验模块的测试项目包括：The test items of the combined unit metrology experiment module include:
201）对合并单元进行同步状态下和非同步状态下的基本误差试验：在参比条件下，合并单元电压通道、电流通道的比值误差和相位误差需符合合并单元相应准确度等级的误差限值要求，实际误差曲线不得超出误差限制连线所形成的折线范围；在合并单元的测量电流通道按照5%、20%、100%、120%的额定交流电流，测量电压通道按照80%、100%、120%的额定交流电压，施加工频模拟量；测量通道采用同步脉冲法和固定延时法分别测试，测试结果取上升、下降算术平均值，测试同一通道两种方法的幅值误差、相位误差的差值；201) Perform basic error tests on the merging unit in synchronous and asynchronous states: Under reference conditions, the ratio error and phase error of the voltage channel and current channel of the merging unit must meet the error limit requirements of the corresponding accuracy level of the merging unit, and the actual error curve must not exceed the broken line range formed by the error limit connection line; the power frequency analog quantity is applied to the measuring current channel of the merging unit at 5%, 20%, 100%, and 120% of the rated AC current, and the measuring voltage channel at 80%, 100%, and 120% of the rated AC voltage; the measuring channel is tested separately using the synchronous pulse method and the fixed delay method, and the test results are taken as the arithmetic mean of the rising and falling values, and the difference in amplitude error and phase error of the two methods for the same channel is tested;
202）升降变差试验：合并单元检测过程中，同一测试点在信号上升和下降呈现的基本误差变化量应不超过相应准确度等级对应的误差限值的1/5；升降变差测量与基本误差测量同时进行，测量点相同；信号上升和下降时对每个基本误差测量点进行测量，测试各测量点误差变化量；202) Rise and fall variation test: During the combined unit detection process, the basic error variation of the same test point when the signal rises and falls should not exceed 1/5 of the error limit corresponding to the corresponding accuracy level; the rise and fall variation measurement is carried out simultaneously with the basic error measurement, and the measurement points are the same; each basic error measurement point is measured when the signal rises and falls, and the error variation of each measurement point is tested;
203）测量重复性试验：合并单元测试重复性指标不大于该点准确度等级对应的误差限值的1/10；在参比条件下，被测合并单元施加额定电压、电流信号，连续测量相应比值误差和相位误差，共读取n次测量结果，其中n>10，计算相应实验标准偏差；203) Measurement repeatability test: The repeatability index of the combined unit test shall not be greater than 1/10 of the error limit corresponding to the accuracy level of the point; under reference conditions, the combined unit under test is applied with rated voltage and current signals, and the corresponding ratio error and phase error are continuously measured. The measurement results are read a total of n times, where n>10, and the corresponding experimental standard deviation is calculated;
204）采样同步误差测量试验：在参比条件下，被测合并单元施加额定电压、电流信号，测量三相电压通道间、三相电流通道间的相位差值；204) Sampling synchronization error measurement test: Under reference conditions, the measured merging unit applies rated voltage and current signals, and measures the phase difference between the three-phase voltage channels and the three-phase current channels;
205）温度影响测量试验：将被测合并单元置于高低温试验箱内；试验温度按照23℃、33℃、23℃、13℃、23℃的顺序升降，在每个温度点保持1h，其它参比条件不改变，被测合并单元施加额定电压、电流信号，测量其基本误差，测量结果稳定后记录相应测量值；与参比条件下测量值相比较，测试温度上升及下降引起的误差变化量；205) Temperature influence measurement test: Place the combined unit under test in a high and low temperature test chamber; the test temperature is raised and lowered in the order of 23°C, 33°C, 23°C, 13°C, and 23°C, and maintained at each temperature point for 1 hour. Other reference conditions remain unchanged. Rated voltage and current signals are applied to the combined unit under test, and its basic error is measured. After the measurement result stabilizes, the corresponding measurement value is recorded; compared with the measurement value under the reference condition, the error change caused by the increase and decrease of the test temperature is measured;
206）频率影响测量试验：在参比条件下，被测合并单元施加额定电压、电流信号，分别改变电压、电流信号频率，设定测量点45Hz、48Hz、49Hz、50Hz、51Hz、52Hz、55Hz，测量其基本误差，测量结果稳定后记录相应测量值；与参比条件下测量值相比较，测试频率变化引起的误差变化量；206) Frequency influence measurement test: Under reference conditions, the rated voltage and current signals are applied to the combined unit under test, and the frequencies of the voltage and current signals are changed respectively. The measurement points are set to 45Hz, 48Hz, 49Hz, 50Hz, 51Hz, 52Hz, and 55Hz, and the basic error is measured. After the measurement results are stable, the corresponding measurement values are recorded; compared with the measurement values under reference conditions, the error change caused by the test frequency change is measured;
207）谐波影响测量试验；207) Harmonic influence measurement test;
208）对时误差测定；208) Timing error determination;
209）守时误差测定；209) Determination of punctuality error;
210）失步再同步时间测定；210) Determination of out-of-step resynchronization time;
211）采样值发布离散值检验。可以方便地实现合并单元计量实验模块的各个测试项目。211) Sample value release discrete value test. It can easily realize the various test items of the combined unit metrology experiment module.
数字式电能表实验模块包括三相程控功率源、模拟量输入合并单元、同步时钟装置、间隔层交换机、数字电能表及数字电能表校验仪，所述的数字电能表校验仪包括模拟数字转换器、数字功率源、标准数字电能表、误差计算器；在虚负荷校验时，以数字功率源为信号源，输出的信号同时进入被测数字电能表和数字电能表校验仪中的标准数字电能表，被测数字电能表输出的脉冲信号接入数字电能表校验仪中的误差计算器；在实负荷校验时，以三相程控功率源为信号源，输出的三相电压三相电流进入模拟量输入合并单元，合并单元输出的数字信号进入间隔层交换机，间隔层交换机的数字信号分别进入数字电能表校验仪的标准数字电能表和被检数字电能表，之后分别输出脉冲信号接入数字电能表校验仪的误差计算器模块；所述的三相程控功率源、同步时钟装置上、间隔层交换机、数字电能表校验仪为标配设备；所述的模拟量输入合并单元和数字电能表为被测设备。本模块以数字功率源为信号源，可以实现多个试验项目：数字式电能表潜动、起动试验项目、采样值接口试验项目、报文响应试验项目、网络通讯性能试验项目、基本误差试验以及误差影响量试验项目、常数试验项目、日计时误差试验项目；所述的标配设备可实现设备共用，所述的被测设备因测试对象和内容不同，便于更换。The digital energy meter experimental module includes a three-phase programmable power source, an analog input merging unit, a synchronous clock device, an interval layer switch, a digital energy meter and a digital energy meter calibrator. The digital energy meter calibrator includes an analog-to-digital converter, a digital power source, a standard digital energy meter and an error calculator. When verifying the virtual load, the digital power source is used as the signal source, and the output signal simultaneously enters the digital energy meter under test and the standard digital energy meter in the digital energy meter calibrator. The pulse signal output by the digital energy meter under test is connected to the error calculator in the digital energy meter calibrator. When verifying the real load, the digital energy meter calibrator uses the digital power source as the signal source, and the output signal simultaneously enters the digital energy meter under test and the standard digital energy meter in the digital energy meter calibrator. During the test, the three-phase program-controlled power source is used as the signal source, and the output three-phase voltage and three-phase current enter the analog input merging unit, and the digital signal output by the merging unit enters the interval layer switch, and the digital signal of the interval layer switch enters the standard digital energy meter and the digital energy meter under test of the digital energy meter calibrator respectively, and then the pulse signal is output respectively to connect to the error calculator module of the digital energy meter calibrator; the three-phase program-controlled power source, synchronous clock device, interval layer switch, and digital energy meter calibrator are standard equipment; the analog input merging unit and the digital energy meter are the equipment under test. This module uses the digital power source as the signal source, and can realize multiple test items: digital energy meter creep, start-up test items, sampling value interface test items, message response test items, network communication performance test items, basic error test and error influence test items, constant test items, and daily timing error test items; the standard equipment can realize equipment sharing, and the equipment under test is easy to replace due to different test objects and contents.
数字式电能表实验模块的测试项目包括：The test items of the digital energy meter experimental module include:
301）潜动试验： 当数字功率源输出报文中只有电压而无电流时，测试被测电能表的电能脉冲；试验时数字功率源输出的电压应为额定电压的115%；301) Creep test: When the digital power source outputs only voltage but no current in the message, test the energy pulse of the energy meter under test; during the test, the voltage output by the digital power source should be 115% of the rated voltage;
最短试验时间△t为：，0.2S级试验；或，0.5S级试验；The shortest test time △t is: , 0.2S level test; or , 0.5S level test;
其中： k—电能表输出的每千瓦小时脉冲数，imp/（kW•h）； m—测量单元数； Un—额定电压，V； Imax—最大电流，A；Where: k—the number of pulses per kilowatt-hour output by the energy meter, imp/(kW•h); m—the number of measuring units; Un—rated voltage, V; Imax—maximum current, A;
302）起动试验：在额定电压Un以及功率因数为1的条件下，按照对应准确度等级的数字化电能表分别施加下表所示的起动电流，测试被校表的电能脉冲输出；302) Starting test: Under the conditions of rated voltage Un and power factor 1, apply the starting current shown in the following table according to the digital electric energy meter of the corresponding accuracy level, and test the electric energy pulse output of the calibrated meter;
303）采样值输入接口接收光功率试验： 数字功率源输出符合标准的采样值报文；将光衰减器串接在数字功率源与数字电能表之间，从0开始缓慢增大光衰减器的衰减，直到数字电能表接收不到数据；拔下数字化电能表，接入到光功率计，测试此时的功率值，此时的光功率即为数字化电能表的光接收灵敏度；303) Sampling value input interface receiving optical power test: The digital power source outputs a sampling value message that meets the standard; connect the optical attenuator in series between the digital power source and the digital energy meter, and slowly increase the attenuation of the optical attenuator from 0 until the digital energy meter cannot receive data; unplug the digital energy meter and connect it to the optical power meter to test the power value at this time. The optical power at this time is the optical receiving sensitivity of the digital energy meter;
304）采样值输入接口发送光功率试验：数字化电能表的发送光纤直接和光功率计连接，通过光功率计读测试仪光发送功率；304) Sampling value input interface transmission optical power test: The transmission optical fiber of the digital electric energy meter is directly connected to the optical power meter, and the optical transmission power of the tester is read through the optical power meter;
305）正常报文响应试验：使用数字功率源发出标准的报文，测试数字化电能表是否能正确显示各种参量及采样值数据；305) Normal message response test: Use a digital power source to send a standard message to test whether the digital energy meter can correctly display various parameters and sampling value data;
306）异常报文响应试验：使用数字功率源持续发出标准的报文48h，设定报文中不出现丢帧、错序异常，测试数字电能表是否能记录相应的报文异常事件；306) Abnormal message response test: Use a digital power source to continuously send standard messages for 48 hours, set the message to have no frame loss or out-of-sequence abnormalities, and test whether the digital energy meter can record the corresponding message abnormal events;
307）网络通讯试验：使用数字功率源持续发出标准的报文48h，报文不出现丢帧异常，测试数字电能表是否记录报文异常事件；307) Network communication test: Use a digital power source to continuously send standard messages for 48 hours, and the messages do not have frame loss anomalies. Test whether the digital energy meter records abnormal message events;
308）基本误差试验：在规定的参比条件下， 按照对应的误差测试点， 在不同额定电压、 额定电流下测量不同功率因数、 不同输入电流时的电能表基本误差； 根据需要允许增加或减少误差测试点； 为了验证电能表误差不随额定电压、 额定电流设置而出现较大改变，要求至少测试两 2 组额定电压、额定电流； 如果用户明确实际运行电压、 电流可只选取相应的一组额定电压、 额定电流进行校准；308) Basic error test: Under the specified reference conditions, according to the corresponding error test points, measure the basic error of the electric energy meter at different rated voltages and rated currents with different power factors and different input currents; it is allowed to increase or decrease the error test points as needed; in order to verify that the error of the electric energy meter does not change significantly with the rated voltage and rated current settings, it is required to test at least two groups of rated voltages and rated currents; if the user knows the actual operating voltage and current, only one group of rated voltage and rated current can be selected for calibration;
309）误差影响量试验：误差影响量试验包括电压影响量试验、频率影响量试验、逆相序与谐波影响量试验；电压影响量试验在0.9、1.0、1.1倍Un，多种功率因数，0.5、1.0、1.2倍In的条件下，分别测试数字化电能表误差；其中Un为额定电压；In为额定电流；309) Error influence test: The error influence test includes voltage influence test, frequency influence test, reverse phase sequence and harmonic influence test; the voltage influence test is to test the error of digital electric energy meter under the conditions of 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 times Un, various power factors, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2 times In respectively; Un is the rated voltage; In is the rated current;
频率影响量试验在频率49Hz、50Hz、51Hz，多种功率因数，0.5、1.0、1.2倍In的条件下，分别测试数字化电能表误差；The frequency influence test tests the error of the digital energy meter under the conditions of 49Hz, 50Hz, 51Hz, various power factors, and 0.5, 1.0, and 1.2 times In.
逆相序与谐波影响量试验在Un与In下，分别测试正相序与逆向序，有谐波与无谐波时电能计量误差；The reverse phase sequence and harmonic influence test tests the positive phase sequence and reverse phase sequence under Un and In, respectively, and the energy measurement error with and without harmonics;
310）仪表常数试验：在施加额定电压Un和最大电流Imax条件下，测试在某一时间段内，数字化电能表输出的电能脉冲数是否与其显示器上显示的电能量变化相一致；310) Meter constant test: Under the conditions of applying rated voltage Un and maximum current Imax, test whether the number of electric energy pulses output by the digital electric energy meter is consistent with the change of electric energy displayed on its display within a certain period of time;
311）日计时误差试验：在参比温度为23℃时，正常工作电压范围内，具有计时功能的数字化电能表内部时钟的日计时误差不超过0.5s/d。可以方便地实现数字式电能表实验模块的各个测试项目。311) Daily timing error test: When the reference temperature is 23℃ and within the normal operating voltage range, the daily timing error of the internal clock of the digital energy meter with timing function shall not exceed 0.5s/d. It can easily realize various test items of the digital energy meter experimental module.
数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块包括三相程控功率、数字电能表校验仪、电子式电能表、模拟量输入合并单元、同步时钟装置上、间隔层交换机、数字电能表、站控层交换机；所述的数字电能表校验仪包括模拟数字转换器、标准数字功率源、标准数字电能表及误差计算器；所述的三相程控功率、数字电能表校验仪、电子式电能表、同步时钟装置上、间隔层交换机、站控层交换机为标配设备；模拟量输入合并单元、数字电能表为被测设备；The full-performance experimental module of the digital metering training simulation device includes three-phase program-controlled power, digital energy meter calibrator, electronic energy meter, analog input merging unit, synchronous clock device, bay layer switch, digital energy meter, station control layer switch; the digital energy meter calibrator includes analog-to-digital converter, standard digital power source, standard digital energy meter and error calculator; the three-phase program-controlled power, digital energy meter calibrator, electronic energy meter, synchronous clock device, bay layer switch, station control layer switch are standard equipment; analog input merging unit and digital energy meter are the tested equipment;
A)在标准数字表与待测试数字表的比对时，以电气参数可变的三相程控功率源为信号源，通过模拟量输入合并单元输出报文信号给标准数字电能表与待测试的数字电能表，标准数字电能表及待测试的数字电能表的输出端与误差计算器相连；A) When comparing the standard digital meter with the digital meter to be tested, a three-phase programmable power source with variable electrical parameters is used as a signal source, and a message signal is output to the standard digital energy meter and the digital energy meter to be tested through an analog input merging unit, and the output ends of the standard digital energy meter and the digital energy meter to be tested are connected to an error calculator;
B)在电子式电能表和数字表的比对时，以电气参数可变的三相程控功率源为信号源，同时输出给电子式电能表和模拟量输入合并单元，模拟量输入合并单元输出端与数字电能表相连；电子式电能表、数字电能表的输出端与误差处理器相连；B) When comparing the electronic energy meter with the digital meter, a three-phase programmable power source with variable electrical parameters is used as a signal source, and is simultaneously output to the electronic energy meter and the analog input merging unit, the output end of the analog input merging unit is connected to the digital energy meter; the output ends of the electronic energy meter and the digital energy meter are connected to the error processor;
C)在数字化计量综合测试平台整体误差时，以三相程控功率源为信号源，三相程控功率源输出的三相电压三相电流信号为数字电能表校验仪的模拟数字转换器、模拟量输入合并单元的输入信号，模拟量输入合并单元通过间隔层交换层与数字电能表及标准数字电能表相连，模拟数字转换器的输出端与标准数字电能表的输入端相连；数字电能表、标准数字电能表的输出端与误差计算器相连；所述的数字功率源与标准数字电能表、数字电能表相连；模拟量输入合并单元输出的采样值报文作为被检数字电能的输入信号，在用户明确实验室额定电压、额定电流下测量不同功率因数、不同输入电流时的数字化计量综合测试平台整体误差。可方便完成标准数字表与待测试数字表的比对、电子式电能表和数字表的比对、半数字化数字化计量综合测试平台整体误差校验。能够对数字电能计量系统的整体以及各个部件进行检测，保证通过平台检测的数字电能计量系统的准确性；可以进行针对数字电能计量系统的工程模型研究，有利于研究数字电能计量系统的误差来源、误差特性，为分析数字电能计量系统应用中误差超差等实际问题提供理论分析基础；可以在实验室中远程进行现场工况下数字电能计量系统的误差特性研究，即实负荷工况复现。C) When the overall error of the digital metering comprehensive test platform is measured, the three-phase programmable power source is used as the signal source, and the three-phase voltage and three-phase current signals output by the three-phase programmable power source are the input signals of the analog-to-digital converter and the analog input merging unit of the digital energy meter calibrator. The analog input merging unit is connected to the digital energy meter and the standard digital energy meter through the spacer layer exchange layer, and the output end of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the input end of the standard digital energy meter; the output end of the digital energy meter and the standard digital energy meter is connected to the error calculator; the digital power source is connected to the standard digital energy meter and the digital energy meter; the sampling value message output by the analog input merging unit is used as the input signal of the digital energy to be tested, and the overall error of the digital metering comprehensive test platform is measured when different power factors and different input currents are measured under the rated voltage and rated current of the laboratory specified by the user. It can easily complete the comparison between the standard digital meter and the digital meter to be tested, the comparison between the electronic energy meter and the digital meter, and the overall error verification of the semi-digital digital metering comprehensive test platform. It can detect the digital power metering system as a whole and its components to ensure the accuracy of the digital power metering system detected by the platform; it can conduct engineering model research on the digital power metering system, which is conducive to studying the error sources and error characteristics of the digital power metering system, and provide a theoretical analysis basis for analyzing practical problems such as error tolerance in the application of digital power metering systems; it can remotely conduct error characteristic research on the digital power metering system under field conditions in the laboratory, that is, reproduce actual load conditions.
所述的标配设备设于柜体内，所述的被测设备能通过柜体面板的设备接口接入和/或设于柜体内；电子式互感器试验模块、合并单元计量实验模块、数字式电能表实验模块、数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块共用标配设备。标配设备实现共用，降低了标配设备的数量，大大降低了成本，通过接口实现被测设备的可更换，大大降低了系统的重量和空间占用。The standard equipment is installed in the cabinet, and the equipment under test can be connected through the equipment interface of the cabinet panel and/or installed in the cabinet; the electronic transformer test module, the combined unit metering experiment module, the digital electric energy meter experiment module, and the digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module share the standard equipment. The sharing of standard equipment reduces the number of standard equipment and greatly reduces the cost. The replacement of the equipment under test is achieved through the interface, which greatly reduces the weight and space occupied by the system.
有益效果：Beneficial effects:
1、实现所有数字化电能计量系统综合测试平台各测试项目的数据采集、分析与处理，管控测试流程。1. Realize data collection, analysis and processing of all test items of the comprehensive test platform of all digital electric energy metering systems, and control the test process.
2、实现仿真电脑化学习培训、故障仿真、结业考试、竞赛比武，涉及数字电能计量整体系统接线、工作原理、通信规约、故障模拟与分析、数据提取与利用、日常各种操作，均可随时、实时在线学习、培训、考试，可大幅度减少培训费用。2. Realize simulation computerized learning and training, fault simulation, final examination, and competition, involving the overall system wiring, working principle, communication protocol, fault simulation and analysis, data extraction and utilization, and various daily operations of digital energy metering. All of them can be studied, trained, and examined online at any time and in real time, which can greatly reduce training costs.
3、提高广大一线计量工作人员的数字电能计量理论水平与实际操作能力，有利于加快国家智能网建设。3. Improving the theoretical level and practical operation ability of digital power measurement of the majority of front-line metering workers will help accelerate the construction of the national intelligent network.
4、实现双人现场仿真竞赛，提升了仿真学习培训的竞争意识，便于取得更好的学习效果。4. Implementing two-person on-site simulation competitions enhances the competitive awareness of simulation learning and training, and facilitates better learning results.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明的数字化计量培训仿真装置结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a digital measurement training simulation device according to the present invention.
图2是本发明电子式互感器试验模块原理图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electronic transformer test module according to the present invention.
图3是本发明合并单元计量实验模块原理图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a combined unit metering experiment module of the present invention.
图4是本发明数字式电能表实验模块原理图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a digital electric energy meter experimental module of the present invention.
图5是本发明数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块原理图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a full-performance experimental module of a digital metrology training simulation device according to the present invention.
图6是本发明标准数字表与待测试数字表的比对系统图。FIG. 6 is a system diagram of a comparison between a standard digital meter of the present invention and a digital meter to be tested.
图7是本发明电子式电能表和数字表的比对系统图。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a comparison system between an electronic electric energy meter and a digital meter according to the present invention.
图8是本发明数字化计量综合测试平台整体误差系统图。FIG8 is a diagram of the overall error system of the digital metrology comprehensive test platform of the present invention.
图中：1-柜体；2-显示模块。In the figure: 1-cabinet; 2-display module.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
以下结合说明书附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明。The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种多功能数字化电能计量培训仿真系统，包括两套数字化计量培训仿真装置，两套数字化计量培训仿真装置间隔设置；每一套数字化计量培训仿真装置均包括柜体1、用于进行电子式互感器试验的电子式互感器试验模块、用于合并单元计量实现的合并单元计量实验模块、用于数字式电能表实现的数字式电能表实验模块、用于数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验的数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块、显示模块2及控制模块，控制模块与电子式互感器试验模块、合并单元计量实验模块、数字式电能表实验模块、数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块、显示模块2相连；柜体1面板上设有多个设备接口以连接内置于柜体1的电子式互感器试验模块、合并单元计量实验模块、数字式电能表实验模块、数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块；电子式互感器试验模块、合并单元计量实验模块、数字式电能表实验模块、数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块均包括标配设备及被测设备。As shown in FIG1 , a multifunctional digital electric energy metering training simulation system includes two sets of digital metering training simulation devices, which are arranged at intervals; each set of digital metering training simulation devices includes a cabinet 1, an electronic transformer test module for electronic transformer test, a combined unit metering experiment module for combined unit metering, a digital electric energy meter experiment module for digital electric energy meter implementation, a digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module for full performance experiment of digital metering training simulation device, a display module 2 and a control module, and the control module is connected with the electronic transformer test module, the combined unit metering experiment module, the digital electric energy meter experiment module, the digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module and the display module 2; a plurality of equipment interfaces are provided on the panel of the cabinet 1 to connect the electronic transformer test module, the combined unit metering experiment module, the digital electric energy meter experiment module and the digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module built in the cabinet 1; the electronic transformer test module, the combined unit metering experiment module, the digital electric energy meter experiment module and the digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module all include standard equipment and tested equipment.
如图2所示，为了实现对电子式互感器及电子式互感器校验仪+合并单元整体特性进行分析，电子式互感器试验模块包括标准电压互感器、标准电流互感器、电子式电压传感器、电子式电流传感器、合并单元、同步时钟装置、间隔层交机及电子式互感器校验仪；电子式互感器试验模块以一次电流、电压为输入信号，输入信号同时进入标准电压/电流互感器和电子式电压/电流互感器，标准电压/电流互感器输出的标准二次信号接入电子式互感器校验仪，电子式电压/电流互感器输出的小模拟信号接入电子式互感器校验仪和合并单元，电子式电压/电流互感器输出的FT3信号接入合并单元，合并单元输出的IEC61850-9先通过间隔层交换机然后接入电子式互感器校验仪的输入端。本模块可以单独对电子式互感器本身特性进行培训研究和试验测试，以一次电流、电压为输入信号，测试电子式互感器计量性能（基波、谐波）、通讯性能、时间性能、基本误差、绝对延迟时间特性等；电子式互感器校验仪不仅可以单独对电子式互感器本身特性进行分析，且可以对电子式互感器校验仪+合并单元整体特性进行分析。As shown in Figure 2, in order to analyze the overall characteristics of the electronic transformer and the electronic transformer tester + merging unit, the electronic transformer test module includes a standard voltage transformer, a standard current transformer, an electronic voltage sensor, an electronic current sensor, a merging unit, a synchronous clock device, an interval layer switch and an electronic transformer tester; the electronic transformer test module takes the primary current and voltage as input signals, and the input signals enter the standard voltage/current transformer and the electronic voltage/current transformer at the same time. The standard secondary signal output by the standard voltage/current transformer is connected to the electronic transformer tester, and the small analog signal output by the electronic voltage/current transformer is connected to the electronic transformer tester and the merging unit. The FT3 signal output by the electronic voltage/current transformer is connected to the merging unit, and the IEC61850-9 output by the merging unit is first connected to the input end of the electronic transformer tester through the interval layer switch. This module can be used to conduct training research and experimental testing on the characteristics of the electronic transformer itself. It can use the primary current and voltage as input signals to test the electronic transformer's measurement performance (fundamental wave, harmonics), communication performance, time performance, basic error, absolute delay time characteristics, etc. The electronic transformer tester can not only analyze the characteristics of the electronic transformer itself, but also analyze the overall characteristics of the electronic transformer tester + merging unit.
为了实现升压/升流和提供一次试验电压/电流信号，电子式互感器试验模块还包括三相程控功率源、升压装置、升流装置，升压装置的输入端与程控功率源相连，升压装置的输出端与标准电压互感器相连；升流装置的输入端与三相程控功率源相连，升流装置的输出端与标准电流互感器相连；三相程控功率源、升压装置、升流装置、标准电压互感器、标准电流互感器、步时钟装置、间隔层交机机及电子式互感器校验仪为标配设备，电子式电压互感器、电子式电流互感器、合并单元为被测设备。三相程控功率源作为信号源经升压升流后作为一次试验电流信号和试验电压信号分别提供给标准电压/电流互感器；标配设备可实现设备共用，被测设备因测试对象和内容不同，便于更换。In order to achieve voltage/current boosting and provide a primary test voltage/current signal, the electronic transformer test module also includes a three-phase programmable power source, a voltage boost device, and a current boost device. The input end of the voltage boost device is connected to the programmable power source, and the output end of the voltage boost device is connected to the standard voltage transformer; the input end of the current boost device is connected to the three-phase programmable power source, and the output end of the current boost device is connected to the standard current transformer; the three-phase programmable power source, the voltage boost device, the current boost device, the standard voltage transformer, the standard current transformer, the step clock device, the interval layer exchange machine and the electronic transformer tester are standard equipment, and the electronic voltage transformer, the electronic current transformer, and the merging unit are the equipment under test. The three-phase programmable power source is used as a signal source, and after voltage and current boosting, it is provided to the standard voltage/current transformer as a primary test current signal and a test voltage signal respectively; the standard equipment can realize equipment sharing, and the equipment under test is easy to replace due to different test objects and contents.
电子式互感器试验模块测试项目包括：The test items of the electronic transformer test module include:
101）基本准确度试验：对于电子式电流互感器，基本准确度试验应在1%（对S级），5%，20%，100%和120%额定电流点进行；对于测量用的0.2级及以下的电流互感器，每个测量点测量电流上升时的比值误差和相位误差；对于电子式电压互感器，基本准确度试验在80%、100%、120%额定电压点进行；对于测量用0.2级及以下的电压互感器，每个测量点测量电压上升时的比值误差和相位误差；101) Basic accuracy test: For electronic current transformers, the basic accuracy test should be carried out at 1% (for S-level), 5%, 20%, 100% and 120% of the rated current points; for current transformers of level 0.2 and below for measurement, the ratio error and phase error of the current rise shall be measured at each measurement point; for electronic voltage transformers, the basic accuracy test shall be carried out at 80%, 100% and 120% of the rated voltage points; for voltage transformers of level 0.2 and below for measurement, the ratio error and phase error of the voltage rise shall be measured at each measurement point;
102）测量重复性：此项测试与基本误差测量同时进行，计算出连续n次测量算术平均值的实验标准偏差；102) Measurement repeatability: This test is carried out simultaneously with the basic error measurement, and the experimental standard deviation of the arithmetic mean of n consecutive measurements is calculated;
103）短时稳定性：对被检计量用合并单元施加额定电流/电压，在同一测量点连续测试10min，得出被检计量用合并单元误差的最大值和最小值，将最大值减去最小值；103) Short-term stability: Apply rated current/voltage to the measured merging unit under test, and test continuously for 10 minutes at the same measuring point to obtain the maximum and minimum error of the measured merging unit under test, and subtract the minimum value from the maximum value;
104）周期稳定性：将上一次测量的基本误差与本次测量的基本误差进行比较，分别计算两次试验结果中壁纸误差的差值和相位误差的差值；104) Cyclic stability: Compare the basic error of the previous measurement with the basic error of this measurement, and calculate the difference in wallpaper error and phase error in the two test results respectively;
105）直流偏置试验：在被测计量用合并单元输入信号为零时，使用合并单元测试装置测试其输出信号的直流分量；105) DC bias test: When the input signal of the measured merging unit is zero, the merging unit test device is used to test the DC component of its output signal;
106）多通道同步准确度试验：电子式互感器不同模拟量测量通道的幅值误差的差值不应超过±0.05%，相位误差的差值不超过±2’；试验使用三相交流模拟信号源为电子式互感器加额定值电压，测量各电压通道和各电流通道的幅值误差和相位误差；106) Multi-channel synchronization accuracy test: The difference in amplitude error of different analog measurement channels of the electronic transformer should not exceed ±0.05%, and the difference in phase error should not exceed ±2'; the test uses a three-phase AC analog signal source to add rated voltage to the electronic transformer, and measures the amplitude error and phase error of each voltage channel and each current channel;
107）三相不平衡负载试验：三相不平衡指三相电压通道加对称三相参比电压，任一相电流通道施加参比电流，另两相电流通道无电流；在三相不平衡以及缺相情况下，计量用合并单元的电压、 电流各通道测量精确度应符合误差允许变化范围要求；对于数字量输入式计量用合并单元无此项要求；107) Three-phase unbalanced load test: Three-phase unbalance means that a symmetrical three-phase reference voltage is added to the three-phase voltage channel, a reference current is applied to any one-phase current channel, and there is no current in the other two-phase current channels; in the case of three-phase unbalance and phase loss, the measurement accuracy of the voltage and current channels of the metering merging unit shall meet the requirements of the allowable error variation range; there is no such requirement for digital input metering merging units;
108）采样值报文响应时间试验：被测互感器在无同步源的情况下，由电子式互感器校验设备测出基波的相对角度差，计算出一次电流到MU输出的电子式互感器绝对时延；测出的电子式互感器的绝对时延应小于2ms，与合并单元标定的额定延时之间误差应不大于10us；108) Sampling value message response time test: When the transformer under test has no synchronization source, the relative angle difference of the fundamental wave is measured by the electronic transformer calibration equipment, and the absolute delay of the electronic transformer from the primary current to the MU output is calculated; the measured absolute delay of the electronic transformer should be less than 2ms, and the error between it and the rated delay calibrated by the merging unit should be no more than 10us;
109）完整性试验：合并单元测试装置根据接收到的采样值报文判断计量用合并单元发送的采样值报文是否丢包、丢点、重复、错序，并记录发送周期，测试时间应持续24 h以上；此项测试应该针对不同的采样值报文配置分别进行，例如1个APDU包含1个ASDU或多个ASDU等；109) Integrity test: The merging unit test device determines whether the sampled value message sent by the metering merging unit is lost, lost, repeated, or out of order based on the received sampled value message, and records the sending cycle. The test time should last for more than 24 hours; this test should be performed separately for different sampled value message configurations, such as 1 APDU contains 1 ASDU or multiple ASDUs, etc.;
110）采样值报文发送周期试验：合并单元测试装置记录接收到的每包采样值报文的时刻，并据此计算出连续两包之间的间隔时间T；T与额定采样间隔之间的差值应满足计量用合并单元技术条件中相关要求；测试时间应持续24 h以上；测试应该针对不同的采样值报文配置分别行；110) Sample value message transmission cycle test: The merging unit test device records the time of receiving each sample value message, and calculates the interval time T between two consecutive packets based on this; the difference between T and the rated sampling interval should meet the relevant requirements of the technical conditions of the metering merging unit; the test time should last for more than 24 hours; the test should be carried out separately for different sample value message configurations;
111）守时误差检验：守时误差通过MU输出的1PPS/采样同步脉冲信号与参考时钟源1PPS信号比较获得；测试开始时，计量用合并单元先接受标准时钟源的授时，待计量用合并单元正常工作后，撤销标准时钟源的授时；从撤销授时的时刻开始，利用时间测试仪以每秒测量1次的频率测量计量用合并单元和标准时钟源各自输出的秒脉冲信号有效沿之间的时间差的绝对值△t，连续测量10 min，这段时间内测得的△t的最大值即为最终测试结果，△t应小于等于4μs；111) Timing error test: The timing error is obtained by comparing the 1PPS/sampling synchronization pulse signal output by the MU with the 1PPS signal of the reference clock source. At the beginning of the test, the metering merging unit first receives the timing from the standard clock source. After the metering merging unit works normally, the timing from the standard clock source is cancelled. From the moment of cancellation of the timing, the absolute value △t of the time difference between the effective edges of the second pulse signals output by the metering merging unit and the standard clock source is measured once per second using a time tester. The measurement is continued for 10 minutes. The maximum value of △t measured during this period is the final test result. △t should be less than or equal to 4μs.
112）对时信号异常情况试验：采样脉冲发生器发生端口1、2、3 输出对时信号，计量用合并单元处于正常工作状态；改变时钟源端口1 的输出，使端口1 输出的对时信号出现失真信号、抖动信号、错帧、错校验码等异常情况，测试计量用合并单元能否不受这些异常情况的干扰并按正确的采样周期发送报文。可以方便地实现电子式互感器试验模块的各种测试项目。112) Timing signal abnormality test: The sampling pulse generator generates ports 1, 2, and 3 to output timing signals, and the metering merging unit is in normal working condition; the output of the clock source port 1 is changed to make the timing signal output by port 1 have abnormal conditions such as distorted signals, jitter signals, wrong frames, and wrong check codes, and test whether the metering merging unit can be unaffected by these abnormal conditions and send messages according to the correct sampling cycle. Various test items of the electronic transformer test module can be easily realized.
如图3所示，为了实现对模拟量输入合并单元进行各种性能试验，合并单元计量实验模块包括三相程控功率源、模拟量输入合并单元、同步时钟装置、间隔层交换机、合并单元测试仪，合并单元计量实验模块以三相程控功率源为信号源，输出信号同时进入模拟量输入合并单元及合并单元测试仪，合并单元输出的IEC61850-9先通过间隔层交换机然后接入合并单元测试仪；三相程控功率源、同步时钟装置、间隔层交换机、合并单元测试仪为标配设备，模拟量输入合并单元为被测设备。合并单元计量实验模块可以对模拟量输入合并单元的误差特性、误差影响量、通信性能、同步性能进行试验；标配设备可实现设备共用，被测设备因测试对象和内容不同，便于更换。As shown in Figure 3, in order to realize various performance tests on the analog input merging unit, the merging unit metering experiment module includes a three-phase program-controlled power source, an analog input merging unit, a synchronous clock device, an interval layer switch, and a merging unit tester. The merging unit metering experiment module uses a three-phase program-controlled power source as a signal source, and the output signal enters the analog input merging unit and the merging unit tester at the same time. The IEC61850-9 output by the merging unit first passes through the interval layer switch and then connects to the merging unit tester; the three-phase program-controlled power source, the synchronous clock device, the interval layer switch, and the merging unit tester are standard equipment, and the analog input merging unit is the device under test. The merging unit metering experiment module can test the error characteristics, error influence, communication performance, and synchronization performance of the analog input merging unit; the standard equipment can realize equipment sharing, and the device under test is easy to replace due to different test objects and contents.
合并单元计量实验模块的测试项目包括：The test items of the combined unit metrology experiment module include:
201）对合并单元进行同步状态下和非同步状态下的基本误差试验：在参比条件下，合并单元电压通道、电流通道的比值误差和相位误差需符合合并单元相应准确度等级的误差限值要求，实际误差曲线不得超出误差限制连线所形成的折线范围；在合并单元的测量电流通道按照5%、20%、100%、120%的额定交流电流，测量电压通道按照80%、100%、120%的额定交流电压，施加工频模拟量；测量通道采用同步脉冲法和固定延时法分别测试，测试结果取上升、下降算术平均值，同一通道两种方法的幅值误差的差值不超过±0.05%，相位误差的差值不超过±2’；201) Conduct basic error tests on the merging unit in synchronous and asynchronous states: Under reference conditions, the ratio error and phase error of the voltage channel and current channel of the merging unit must meet the error limit requirements of the corresponding accuracy level of the merging unit, and the actual error curve must not exceed the broken line range formed by the error limit line; the current channel of the merging unit is measured at 5%, 20%, 100%, and 120% of the rated AC current, and the voltage channel is measured at 80%, 100%, and 120% of the rated AC voltage, and the power frequency analog quantity is applied; the measurement channel is tested separately using the synchronous pulse method and the fixed delay method, and the test results are taken as the arithmetic mean of the rise and fall. The difference in amplitude error of the two methods for the same channel does not exceed ±0.05%, and the difference in phase error does not exceed ±2';
202）升降变差试验：合并单元检测过程中，同一测试点在信号上升和下降呈现的基本误差变化量应不超过相应准确度等级对应的误差限值的1/5；升降变差测量与基本误差测量同时进行，测量点相同；信号上升和下降时对每个基本误差测量点进行测量，各测量点误差变化量应符合要求；202) Rise and fall variation test: During the combined unit detection process, the basic error variation of the same test point when the signal rises and falls should not exceed 1/5 of the error limit corresponding to the corresponding accuracy level; the rise and fall variation measurement and the basic error measurement are carried out simultaneously, and the measurement points are the same; each basic error measurement point is measured when the signal rises and falls, and the error variation of each measurement point should meet the requirements;
203）测量重复性试验：合并单元测试重复性指标不大于该点准确度等级对应的误差限值的1/10；在参比条件下，被测合并单元施加额定电压、电流信号，连续测量相应比值误差和相位误差，共读取n次测量结果，其中n>10，计算相应实验标准偏差 ，结果应符合要求；203) Measurement repeatability test: The repeatability index of the combined unit test shall not be greater than 1/10 of the error limit corresponding to the accuracy level of the point; under reference conditions, the tested combined unit is applied with rated voltage and current signals, and the corresponding ratio error and phase error are continuously measured. The measurement results are read n times in total, where n>10, and the corresponding experimental standard deviation is calculated. The results should meet the requirements;
204）采样同步误差测量试验：在参比条件下，被测合并单元施加额定电压、电流信号，测量三相电压通道间、三相电流通道间的相位差值，结果应符合规定的指标要求；204) Sampling synchronization error measurement test: Under reference conditions, the measured merging unit applies rated voltage and current signals, and measures the phase difference between the three-phase voltage channels and the three-phase current channels. The results should meet the specified index requirements;
205）温度影响测量试验：将被测合并单元置于高低温试验箱内；试验温度按照23℃、33℃、23℃、13℃、23℃的顺序升降，在每个温度点保持1h，其它参比条件不改变，被测合并单元施加额定电压、电流信号，测量其基本误差，测量结果稳定后记录相应测量值；与参比条件下测量值相比较，温度上升及下降引起的误差变化量应符合规定的指标要求；205) Temperature influence measurement test: Place the combined unit under test in a high and low temperature test chamber; the test temperature is raised and lowered in the order of 23°C, 33°C, 23°C, 13°C, and 23°C, and maintained at each temperature point for 1 hour. Other reference conditions remain unchanged. Rated voltage and current signals are applied to the combined unit under test, and its basic error is measured. After the measurement result stabilizes, the corresponding measurement value is recorded; compared with the measurement value under reference conditions, the error change caused by temperature rise and fall should meet the specified index requirements;
206）频率影响测量试验：在参比条件下，被测合并单元施加额定电压、电流信号，分别改变电压、电流信号频率，设定测量点45Hz、48Hz、49Hz、50Hz、51Hz、52Hz、55Hz，测量其基本误差，测量结果稳定后记录相应测量值；与参比条件下测量值相比较，频率变化引起的误差变化量应符合规定的指标要求；206) Frequency influence measurement test: Under reference conditions, the rated voltage and current signals are applied to the combined unit under test, and the frequencies of the voltage and current signals are changed respectively. The measurement points are set to 45Hz, 48Hz, 49Hz, 50Hz, 51Hz, 52Hz, and 55Hz, and the basic error is measured. After the measurement results are stable, the corresponding measurement values are recorded; compared with the measurement values under reference conditions, the error change caused by the frequency change should meet the specified index requirements;
207）谐波影响测量试验；207) Harmonic influence measurement test;
208）对时误差测定；208) Timing error determination;
209）守时误差测定；209) Determination of punctuality error;
210）失步再同步时间测定；210) Determination of out-of-step resynchronization time;
211）采样值发布离散值检验。可以方便地实现合并单元计量实验模块的各个测试项目。211) Sample value release discrete value test. It can easily realize the various test items of the combined unit metrology experiment module.
如图4所示，为了实现对被测电能表的试验，数字式电能表实验模块包括三相程控功率源、模拟量输入合并单元、同步时钟装置、间隔层交换机、数字电能表及数字电能表校验仪，数字电能表校验仪包括模拟数字转换器、数字功率源、标准数字电能表、误差计算器；在虚负荷校验时，以数字功率源为信号源，输出的信号同时进入被测数字电能表和数字电能表校验仪中的标准数字电能表，被测数字电能表输出的脉冲信号接入数字电能表校验仪中的误差计算器；在实负荷校验时，以三相程控功率源为信号源，输出的三相电压三相电流进入模拟量输入合并单元，合并单元输出的数字信号进入间隔层交换机，间隔层交换机的数字信号分别进入数字电能表校验仪的标准数字电能表和被检数字电能表，之后分别输出脉冲信号接入数字电能表校验仪的误差计算器模块；三相程控功率源、同步时钟装置上、间隔层交换机、数字电能表校验仪为标配设备；模拟量输入合并单元和数字电能表为被测设备。本模块以数字功率源为信号源，可以实现多个试验项目：数字式电能表潜动、起动试验项目、采样值接口试验项目、报文响应试验项目、网络通讯性能试验项目、基本误差试验以及误差影响量试验项目、常数试验项目、日计时误差试验项目；标配设备可实现设备共用，被测设备因测试对象和内容不同，便于更换。As shown in Figure 4, in order to realize the test of the electric energy meter under test, the digital electric energy meter experimental module includes a three-phase programmable power source, an analog input merging unit, a synchronous clock device, an interval layer switch, a digital electric energy meter and a digital electric energy meter calibrator. The digital electric energy meter calibrator includes an analog-to-digital converter, a digital power source, a standard digital electric energy meter, and an error calculator. When the virtual load is checked, the digital power source is used as the signal source, and the output signal enters the digital electric energy meter under test and the standard digital electric energy meter in the digital electric energy meter calibrator at the same time. The pulse signal output by the digital electric energy meter under test is connected to the digital electric energy meter calibrator in the digital electric energy meter calibrator. Error calculator; During the actual load calibration, the three-phase programmable power source is used as the signal source, and the output three-phase voltage and three-phase current enter the analog input merging unit, and the digital signal output by the merging unit enters the interval layer switch, and the digital signal of the interval layer switch enters the standard digital energy meter and the digital energy meter under test of the digital energy meter calibrator respectively, and then the pulse signals are output respectively to connect to the error calculator module of the digital energy meter calibrator; the three-phase programmable power source, the synchronous clock device, the interval layer switch, and the digital energy meter calibrator are standard equipment; the analog input merging unit and the digital energy meter are the equipment under test. This module uses the digital power source as the signal source, and can realize multiple test items: digital energy meter creep, start-up test items, sampling value interface test items, message response test items, network communication performance test items, basic error test and error influence test items, constant test items, and daily timing error test items; standard equipment can realize equipment sharing, and the equipment under test is easy to replace due to different test objects and contents.
数字式电能表实验模块的测试项目包括：The test items of the digital energy meter experimental module include:
301）潜动试验： 当数字功率源输出报文中只有电压而无电流时，被测电能表不应输出多于一个电能脉冲；试验时数字功率源输出的电压应为额定电压的115%；301) Creep test: When the digital power source outputs only voltage but no current in the message, the energy meter under test should not output more than one energy pulse; during the test, the voltage output by the digital power source should be 115% of the rated voltage;
最短试验时间△t为： ，0.2S级试验；或 ，0.5S级试验；The shortest test time △t is: , 0.2S level test; or , 0.5S level test;
其中： k—电能表输出的每千瓦小时脉冲数，imp/（kW•h）； m—测量单元数； Un—额定电压，V； Imax—最大电流，A；Where: k—the number of pulses per kilowatt-hour output by the energy meter, imp/(kW•h); m—the number of measuring units; Un—rated voltage, V; Imax—maximum current, A;
302）起动试验：在额定电压Un以及功率因数为1的条件下，按照不同准确度等级的数字化电能表分别施加下表所示的起动电流，测试被校表的电能脉冲输出，在规定时间内被校表应能起动并至少输出一个脉冲；302) Starting test: Under the conditions of rated voltage Un and power factor 1, apply the starting current shown in the table below to digital electric energy meters of different accuracy levels, test the electric energy pulse output of the meter being calibrated, and the meter being calibrated should be able to start and output at least one pulse within the specified time;
303）采样值输入接口接收光功率试验： 数字功率源输出符合标准的采样值报文；将光衰减器串接在数字功率源与数字电能表之间，从0开始缓慢增大光衰减器的衰减，直到数字电能表接收不到数据；拔下数字化电能表，接入到光功率计，读出此时的功率值，此时的光功率即为数字化电能表的光接收灵敏度；303) Sampling value input interface receiving optical power test: The digital power source outputs a sampling value message that meets the standard; connect the optical attenuator in series between the digital power source and the digital energy meter, and slowly increase the attenuation of the optical attenuator from 0 until the digital energy meter cannot receive data; unplug the digital energy meter, connect it to the optical power meter, and read the power value at this time. The optical power at this time is the optical receiving sensitivity of the digital energy meter;
304）采样值输入接口发送光功率试验：数字化电能表的发送光纤直接和光功率计连接，通过光功率计读测试仪光发送功率；304) Sampling value input interface transmission optical power test: The transmission optical fiber of the digital electric energy meter is directly connected to the optical power meter, and the optical transmission power of the tester is read through the optical power meter;
305）正常报文响应试验：使用数字功率源发出标准的报文，数字化电能表应能正确显示各种参量及采样值数据；305) Normal message response test: Use a digital power source to send a standard message, and the digital energy meter should be able to correctly display various parameters and sampling value data;
306）异常报文响应试验：使用数字功率源持续发出标准的报文48h，设定报文中不出现丢帧、错序等异常，数字电能表应能记录相应的报文异常事件；306) Abnormal message response test: Use a digital power source to continuously send standard messages for 48 hours, and set the message to have no abnormalities such as frame loss and wrong sequence. The digital energy meter should be able to record the corresponding abnormal message events;
307）网络通讯试验：使用数字功率源持续发出标准的报文48h，报文不出现丢帧等异常，数字电能表不应记录报文异常事件；307) Network communication test: Use a digital power source to continuously send standard messages for 48 hours. The messages should not be abnormal such as frame loss, and the digital energy meter should not record abnormal message events;
308）基本误差试验：在规定的参比条件下， 按照下表推荐的误差测试点， 在不同额定电压、 额定电流下测量不同功率因数、 不同输入电流时的电能表基本误差； 根据需要允许增加或减少误差测试点； 为了验证电能表误差不随额定电压、 额定电流设置而出现较大改变，要求至少测试两 2 组额定电压、额定电流； 如果用户明确实际运行电压、 电流可只选取相应的一组额定电压、 额定电流进行校准；308) Basic error test: Under the specified reference conditions, measure the basic error of the electric energy meter at different power factors and input currents at different rated voltages and rated currents according to the error test points recommended in the table below; it is allowed to increase or decrease the error test points as needed; in order to verify that the error of the electric energy meter does not change significantly with the rated voltage and rated current settings, it is required to test at least two groups of rated voltages and rated currents; if the user knows the actual operating voltage and current, only one group of rated voltage and rated current can be selected for calibration;
309）误差影响量试验：误差影响量试验包括电压影响量试验、频率影响量试验、逆相序与谐波影响量试验；电压影响量试验在0.9、1.0、1.1倍Un，多种功率因数，0.5、1.0、1.2倍In的条件下，分别测试数字化电能表误差；其中Un为额定电压；In为额定电流；309) Error influence test: The error influence test includes voltage influence test, frequency influence test, reverse phase sequence and harmonic influence test; the voltage influence test is to test the error of digital electric energy meter under the conditions of 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 times Un, various power factors, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2 times In respectively; Un is the rated voltage; In is the rated current;
频率影响量试验在频率49Hz、50Hz、51Hz，多种功率因数，0.5、1.0、1.2倍In的条件下，分别测试数字化电能表误差；The frequency influence test tests the error of the digital energy meter under the conditions of 49Hz, 50Hz, 51Hz, various power factors, and 0.5, 1.0, and 1.2 times In.
逆相序与谐波影响量试验在Un与In下，分别测试正相序与逆向序，有谐波与无谐波时电能计量误差；The reverse phase sequence and harmonic influence test tests the positive phase sequence and reverse phase sequence under Un and In, respectively, and the energy measurement error with and without harmonics;
310）仪表常数试验：在施加额定电压Un和最大电流Imax条件下，某一时间段内，数字化电能表输出的电能脉冲数应与其显示器上显示的电能量变化相一致；310) Instrument constant test: Under the conditions of applying rated voltage Un and maximum current Imax, the number of electric energy pulses output by the digital electric energy meter within a certain period of time should be consistent with the change of electric energy displayed on its display;
311）日计时误差试验：在参比温度为23℃时，正常工作电压范围内，具有计时功能的数字化电能表内部时钟的日计时误差不超过0.5s/d。可以方便地实现数字式电能表实验模块的各个测试项目。311) Daily timing error test: When the reference temperature is 23℃ and within the normal operating voltage range, the daily timing error of the internal clock of the digital energy meter with timing function shall not exceed 0.5s/d. It can easily realize various test items of the digital energy meter experimental module.
如图5所示，为了实现对数字电能计量系统的整体进行检测，数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块包括三相程控功率、数字电能表校验仪、电子式电能表、模拟量输入合并单元、同步时钟装置上、间隔层交换机、数字电能表、站控层交换机；数字电能表校验仪包括模拟数字转换器、标准数字功率源、标准数字电能表及误差计算器；三相程控功率、数字电能表校验仪、电子式电能表、同步时钟装置上、间隔层交换机、站控层交换机为标配设备；模拟量输入合并单元、数字电能表为被测设备；As shown in Figure 5, in order to realize the overall detection of the digital electric energy metering system, the full-performance experimental module of the digital metering training simulation device includes three-phase program-controlled power, digital electric energy meter calibrator, electronic electric energy meter, analog input merging unit, synchronous clock device, bay layer switch, digital electric energy meter, station control layer switch; the digital electric energy meter calibrator includes an analog-to-digital converter, a standard digital power source, a standard digital electric energy meter and an error calculator; the three-phase program-controlled power, digital electric energy meter calibrator, electronic electric energy meter, synchronous clock device, bay layer switch, station control layer switch are standard equipment; the analog input merging unit and the digital electric energy meter are the equipment under test;
A)在标准数字表与待测试数字表的比对时，如图6所示，以电气参数可变的三相程控功率源为信号源，通过模拟量输入合并单元输出报文信号给标准数字电能表与待测试的数字电能表，标准数字电能表及待测试的数字电能表的输出端与误差计算器相连；A) When comparing the standard digital meter with the digital meter to be tested, as shown in FIG6 , a three-phase programmable power source with variable electrical parameters is used as a signal source, and a message signal is output to the standard digital energy meter and the digital energy meter to be tested through an analog input merging unit, and the output ends of the standard digital energy meter and the digital energy meter to be tested are connected to an error calculator;
B)在电子式电能表和数字表的比对时，如图7所示，以电气参数可变的三相程控功率源为信号源，同时输出给电子式电能表和模拟量输入合并单元，模拟量输入合并单元输出端与数字电能表相连；电子式电能表、数字电能表的输出端与误差处理器相连；B) When comparing the electronic energy meter and the digital meter, as shown in FIG7 , a three-phase programmable power source with variable electrical parameters is used as a signal source, and outputs to the electronic energy meter and the analog input merging unit at the same time, and the output end of the analog input merging unit is connected to the digital energy meter; the output ends of the electronic energy meter and the digital energy meter are connected to the error processor;
C)在数字化计量综合测试平台整体误差时，如图8所示，以三相程控功率源为信号源，三相程控功率源输出的三相电压三相电流信号为数字电能表校验仪的模拟数字转换器、模拟量输入合并单元的输入信号，模拟量输入合并单元通过间隔层交换层与数字电能表及标准数字电能表相连，模拟数字转换器的输出端与标准数字电能表的输入端相连；数字电能表、标准数字电能表的输出端与误差计算器相连；数字功率源与标准数字电能表、数字电能表相连；模拟量输入合并单元输出的采样值报文作为被检数字电能的输入信号，在用户明确实验室额定电压、额定电流下测量不同功率因数、不同输入电流时的数字化计量综合测试平台整体误差。可方便完成标准数字表与待测试数字表的比对、电子式电能表和数字表的比对、半数字化数字化计量综合测试平台整体误差校验。能够对数字电能计量系统的整体以及各个部件进行检测，保证通过平台检测的数字电能计量系统的准确性；可以进行针对数字电能计量系统的工程模型研究，有利于研究数字电能计量系统的误差来源、误差特性，为分析数字电能计量系统应用中误差超差等实际问题提供理论分析基础；可以在实验室中远程进行现场工况下数字电能计量系统的误差特性研究，即实负荷工况复现。C) When the overall error of the digital metering comprehensive test platform is measured, as shown in Figure 8, the three-phase program-controlled power source is used as the signal source, and the three-phase voltage and three-phase current signals output by the three-phase program-controlled power source are the input signals of the analog-to-digital converter and the analog input merging unit of the digital energy meter calibrator. The analog input merging unit is connected to the digital energy meter and the standard digital energy meter through the spacer layer exchange layer, and the output end of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the input end of the standard digital energy meter; the output end of the digital energy meter and the standard digital energy meter is connected to the error calculator; the digital power source is connected to the standard digital energy meter and the digital energy meter; the sampling value message output by the analog input merging unit is used as the input signal of the digital energy to be tested, and the overall error of the digital metering comprehensive test platform is measured when different power factors and different input currents are measured under the rated voltage and rated current of the laboratory specified by the user. It can easily complete the comparison between the standard digital meter and the digital meter to be tested, the comparison between the electronic energy meter and the digital meter, and the overall error verification of the semi-digital digital metering comprehensive test platform. It can detect the digital power metering system as a whole and its components to ensure the accuracy of the digital power metering system detected by the platform; it can conduct engineering model research on the digital power metering system, which is conducive to studying the error sources and error characteristics of the digital power metering system, and provide a theoretical analysis basis for analyzing practical problems such as error tolerance in the application of digital power metering systems; it can remotely conduct error characteristic research on the digital power metering system under field conditions in the laboratory, that is, reproduce actual load conditions.
为了简化结构和便于更换被测设备，标配设备设于柜体1内，被测设备通过柜体1面板的设备接口接入系统；电子式互感器试验模块、合并单元计量实验模块、数字式电能表实验模块、数字计量培训仿真装置全性能实验模块共用标配设备。标配设备实现共用，降低了标配设备的数量，大大降低了成本，通过接口实现被测设备的可更换，大大降低了系统的重量和空间占用。In order to simplify the structure and facilitate the replacement of the equipment under test, the standard equipment is set in the cabinet 1, and the equipment under test is connected to the system through the equipment interface on the panel of the cabinet 1; the electronic transformer test module, the combined unit metering experiment module, the digital energy meter experiment module, and the digital metering training simulation device full performance experiment module share the standard equipment. The sharing of standard equipment reduces the number of standard equipment and greatly reduces the cost. The replacement of the equipment under test is achieved through the interface, which greatly reduces the weight and space occupation of the system.
本系统完善的模块功能和设备接口可方便地接入电子式互感器、合并单元、数字化电能表等数字化设备，对整个数字化电能计量系统进行学习培训、理论研究、仿真计算、故障模拟、通信性能分析、试验验证、误差校验、结业考试、竞赛比武等多方面的研究和测试。工作人员均可随时、实时在线学习、培训、考试，可大幅度减少培训费用，缩短了工作人员的培训学习时间，加快数字化电能计量系统的普及应用。The system's complete module functions and equipment interfaces can be easily connected to digital devices such as electronic transformers, merging units, and digital energy meters, and conduct learning and training, theoretical research, simulation calculations, fault simulation, communication performance analysis, test verification, error verification, final examinations, competitions, and other research and testing on the entire digital energy metering system. All staff can learn, train, and take exams online at any time and in real time, which can greatly reduce training costs, shorten staff training and learning time, and accelerate the popularization and application of digital energy metering systems.
在双人实时在线仿真竞赛时，本系统的两套数字化计量培训仿真装置放置于2个相邻的房间，两个装置之间间隔2米以上，以避免电磁干扰。During the two-person real-time online simulation competition, the two sets of digital metrology training simulation devices of this system are placed in two adjacent rooms, with a distance of more than 2 meters between the two devices to avoid electromagnetic interference.
以上图1-8所示的一种多功能数字化电能计量培训仿真系统是本发明的具体实施例，已经体现出本发明实质性特点和进步，可根据实际的使用需要，在本发明的启示下，对其进行形状、结构等方面的等同修改，均在本方案的保护范围之列。The multifunctional digital electric energy metering training simulation system shown in the above Figures 1-8 is a specific embodiment of the present invention, which has embodied the substantial characteristics and progress of the present invention. According to actual use needs and under the guidance of the present invention, equivalent modifications in shape, structure, etc. can be made to it, which are all within the protection scope of this scheme.
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