技术领域technical field
本发明涉及能源技术领域，尤其涉及复合能源系统。The invention relates to the field of energy technology, in particular to a composite energy system.
背景技术Background technique
通过标准化电压等级电池包并联，可以灵活组合配置不同需求的能量与功率的电池组，可实现标准化生产，同时也解决单个电池包的损耗导致整个电池系统故障的问题。而并联电池包由于电压和内阻的不确定性会导致电池包间的环流，而且在电子包间电压差别较大，则会导致大的电流，不利于电池安全与能源的利用。Through the parallel connection of battery packs with standardized voltage levels, battery packs with different energy and power requirements can be flexibly combined and configured to achieve standardized production, and it also solves the problem of failure of the entire battery system caused by the loss of a single battery pack. However, due to the uncertainty of voltage and internal resistance of battery packs connected in parallel, the circulation between the battery packs will be caused, and the voltage difference between the electronic packs is large, which will lead to a large current, which is not conducive to battery safety and energy utilization.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例的目的是提供一种复合能源系统，能满足能源系统的功率的智能输入输出，控制精度高，电池使用寿命高。The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a composite energy system, which can satisfy the intelligent input and output of the power of the energy system, has high control precision, and has a long service life of the battery.
为实现上述目的，本发明实施例提供了复合能源系统，包括：电池组单元、超级电容单元、智能配电单元和管理单元，所述电池组单元包括若干电池分组模块，所述智能配电单元，包括若干主支路模块、若干预充回路模块、若干电流检测模块、正总接口模块和负总接口模块；其中，To achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides a composite energy system, including: a battery pack unit, a supercapacitor unit, an intelligent power distribution unit and a management unit, the battery pack unit includes several battery grouping modules, and the intelligent power distribution unit , including several main branch modules, several pre-charging circuit modules, several current detection modules, positive total interface modules and negative total interface modules; among them,
每一所述电池分组模块的第一端通过对应的所述电流检测模块连接对应的所述主支路模块的第一端，每一所述主支路模块的第二端和所述超级电容单元的第一端均连接至所述正总接口模块，每一所述电池分组模块的第二端和所述超级电容单元的第二端均连接至负总接口模块；每一所述主支路模块的两端并联一对应的所述预充回路模块；The first end of each battery pack module is connected to the first end of the corresponding main branch module through the corresponding current detection module, and the second end of each main branch module is connected to the supercapacitor The first ends of the units are all connected to the positive total interface module, and the second ends of each of the battery grouping modules and the second ends of the supercapacitor units are connected to the negative total interface module; each of the main branch The two ends of the circuit module are connected in parallel with a corresponding pre-charging circuit module;
所述管理单元分别连接所述电池组单元、所述超级电容单元和所述智能配电单元以分别控制所述电池组单元、所述超级电容单元和所述智能配电单元；所述管理单元还连接每一所述电流检测模块的反馈端。The management unit is respectively connected to the battery unit, the supercapacitor unit and the intelligent power distribution unit to respectively control the battery unit, the supercapacitor unit and the intelligent power distribution unit; the management unit Also connect the feedback terminal of each current detection module.
进一步的，所述管理单元分别连接所述电池组单元、所述超级电容单元和所述智能配电单元以分别控制所述电池组单元、所述超级电容单元和所述智能配电单元包括：Further, the management unit connecting the battery unit, the supercapacitor unit and the intelligent power distribution unit to control the battery unit, the supercapacitor unit and the intelligent power distribution unit respectively includes:
所述管理单元分别连接每一所述电池分组模块的控制端、所述超级电容单元的控制端、每一所述主支路模块的控制端、每一所述预充回路模块的控制端、正总接口模块的控制端和负总接口模块的控制端。The management unit is respectively connected to the control terminal of each of the battery grouping modules, the control terminal of the supercapacitor unit, the control terminal of each of the main branch modules, the control terminal of each of the pre-charging circuit modules, The control terminal of the positive total interface module and the control terminal of the negative total interface module.
进一步的，所述超级电容单元包括超级电容和DC/DC转换器，所述超级电容和所述DC/DC转换器并联，所述DC/DC转换器的第一端作为超级电容模块的第一电极端，所述DC/DC转换器的第二端作为所述超级电容模块的第二电极端。Further, the supercapacitor unit includes a supercapacitor and a DC/DC converter, the supercapacitor and the DC/DC converter are connected in parallel, and the first terminal of the DC/DC converter serves as the first terminal of the supercapacitor module. The electrode terminal, the second terminal of the DC/DC converter serves as the second electrode terminal of the supercapacitor module.
进一步的，每一所述预充回路模块均包括第一开关元件和功率电阻，所述第一开关元件的第一端作为所述预充回路模块的第一端，所述第一开关元件的第二端的连接所述功率电阻，所述第一开关元件的控制端作为所述预充回路模块的控制端。Further, each of the pre-charging circuit modules includes a first switching element and a power resistor, the first end of the first switching element serves as the first end of the pre-charging circuit module, and the first end of the first switching element The second terminal is connected to the power resistor, and the control terminal of the first switching element is used as the control terminal of the pre-charging circuit module.
进一步的，每一所述主支路模块均包括第二开关元件，所述第二开关元件的第一端作为所述主支路模块的第一端，所述第二开关元件的第二端作为所述主支路模块的第一端的第二端。Further, each of the main branch modules includes a second switch element, the first end of the second switch element serves as the first end of the main branch module, and the second end of the second switch element The second end being the first end of the main branch module.
进一步的，所述第一开关元件和所述第二开关元件均为继电器。Further, both the first switch element and the second switch element are relays.
进一步的，所述正总接口模块包括充电正接口和放电正接口，所述负总接口模块包括充电负接口和放电负接口。Further, the positive total interface module includes a positive charge interface and a positive discharge interface, and the negative total interface module includes a negative charge interface and a negative discharge interface.
进一步的，每一所述电池分组模块均包括一电池管理系统。Further, each of the battery pack modules includes a battery management system.
进一步的，每一所述电流检测模块包括一分流器，所述分流器的第一端连接对应的所述第一电极接入端，所述分流器的第二端连接对应的所述主支路模块的第一端，所述分流器的反馈端作为所述电流检测模块的反馈端连接所述第五通讯输出端。Further, each of the current detection modules includes a shunt, the first end of the shunt is connected to the corresponding first electrode access end, and the second end of the shunt is connected to the corresponding main branch The first end of the circuit module, the feedback end of the shunt is used as the feedback end of the current detection module and connected to the fifth communication output end.
进一步的，还包括主控制单元，用于控制所述管理单元，所述主控制单元连接所述管理单元。Further, it also includes a main control unit for controlling the management unit, and the main control unit is connected to the management unit.
本发明实施例通过电池组并联带DC/DC的超级电容，利用超级电容充电速度快、大电流充放电特性好、能量转换效率高等特性，实现能源的缓存，并设计智能能源管理系统，通过管理系统控制超级电容与电池包、及电池包间的充放电策略，实现电池包间一致性；同时在能源系统瞬间大功率充放电时，发挥超级电容大电流充放电特性，实现能源的智能输入输出。The embodiment of the present invention connects supercapacitors with DC/DC in parallel through battery packs, utilizes the characteristics of supercapacitors such as fast charging speed, good high-current charging and discharging characteristics, and high energy conversion efficiency to realize energy caching, and designs an intelligent energy management system. The system controls the charging and discharging strategy of supercapacitors, battery packs, and between battery packs to achieve consistency between battery packs; at the same time, when the energy system is charged and discharged at high power in an instant, the supercapacitor's high-current charging and discharging characteristics are used to realize intelligent input and output of energy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例中复合能源系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite energy system in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
参见图1，是本发明实施例提供的复合能源系统的结构示意图。包括：电池组单元、超级电容单元、智能配电单元和管理单元EMS，所述电池组单元包括若干电池分组模块，所述智能配电单元，包括若干主支路模块、若干预充回路模块、若干电流检测模块、正总接口模块和负总接口模块；其中，Referring to FIG. 1 , it is a schematic structural diagram of a composite energy system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Including: a battery pack unit, a supercapacitor unit, an intelligent power distribution unit and a management unit EMS, the battery pack unit includes several battery grouping modules, and the intelligent power distribution unit includes several main branch circuit modules, several pre-charging circuit modules, Several current detection modules, positive total interface modules and negative total interface modules; wherein,
每一所述电池分组模块的第一端通过对应的所述电流检测模块连接对应的所述主支路模块的第一端，每一所述主支路模块的第二端和所述超级电容单元的第一端均连接至所述正总接口模块，每一所述电池分组模块的第二端和所述超级电容单元的第二端均连接至负总接口模块；每一所述主支路模块的两端并联一对应的所述预充回路模块；The first end of each battery pack module is connected to the first end of the corresponding main branch module through the corresponding current detection module, and the second end of each main branch module is connected to the supercapacitor The first ends of the units are all connected to the positive total interface module, and the second ends of each of the battery grouping modules and the second ends of the supercapacitor units are connected to the negative total interface module; each of the main branch The two ends of the circuit module are connected in parallel with a corresponding pre-charging circuit module;
所述管理单元EMS分别连接所述电池组单元、所述超级电容单元和所述智能配电单元。The management unit EMS is respectively connected to the battery pack unit, the supercapacitor unit and the intelligent power distribution unit.
本实施例通过预充回路模块，避免并联电池中产生的环流现象，从而延长电池寿命；采用“电池组单元+超级电容单元”的组合共同放电，可减少电池组数量，从而减轻重量，节约能源；采用“电池组单元+智能配电单元”的组合，可灵活增加或减少并联电池的数量。In this embodiment, the pre-charging circuit module is used to avoid the circulation phenomenon generated in parallel batteries, thereby prolonging the battery life; the combination of "battery pack unit + super capacitor unit" is used for common discharge, which can reduce the number of battery packs, thereby reducing weight and saving energy. ;Using the combination of "battery unit + intelligent power distribution unit", the number of parallel batteries can be flexibly increased or decreased.
进一步的，所述管理单元EMS分别连接所述电池组单元、所述超级电容单元和所述智能配电单元以分别控制所述电池组单元、所述超级电容单元和所述智能配电单元包括：Further, the management unit EMS is respectively connected to the battery unit, the supercapacitor unit and the intelligent power distribution unit to respectively control the battery unit, the supercapacitor unit and the intelligent power distribution unit to include :
所述管理单元EMS分别连接每一所述电池分组模块的控制端、所述超级电容单元的控制端、每一所述主支路模块的控制端、每一所述预充回路模块的控制端、正总接口模块的控制端和负总接口模块的控制端。The management unit EMS is respectively connected to the control terminal of each of the battery grouping modules, the control terminal of the supercapacitor unit, the control terminal of each of the main branch circuit modules, and the control terminal of each of the pre-charging circuit modules , the control terminal of the positive total interface module and the control terminal of the negative total interface module.
功率电阻与和功率电阻串联的第一开关元件组成一个预充回路模块，用来避免电池组间环流现象产生，在电池组单元准备开始对外放电之前，可以先闭合各个预充回路模块中的第一开关元件，这样就使得电池组单元中的各电池分组模块形成了并联关系，并且，电压较高的电池分组模块将会对电压较低的电池分组模块充电，直至所有的电池分组模块的电压基本平衡，电路中不再存在环流现象。接着通过断开各电池分组模块的预充回路的第一开关元件，闭合各个电池分组模块支路上的第二开关元件，开始对外放电。The power resistor and the first switching element in series with the power resistor form a pre-charging circuit module, which is used to avoid the circulation phenomenon between the battery packs. A switch element, so that the battery pack modules in the battery pack unit form a parallel relationship, and the battery pack modules with higher voltage will charge the battery pack modules with lower voltage until the voltage of all battery pack modules Basically balanced, there is no circulation phenomenon in the circuit. Then, the first switching element of the pre-charging circuit of each battery grouping module is turned off, and the second switching element on the branch circuit of each battery grouping module is closed to start external discharge.
进一步的，所述管理单元EMS还连接每一所述电流检测模块的反馈端。Further, the management unit EMS is also connected to the feedback terminal of each of the current detection modules.
进一步的，每一电池分组模块均设有相对应的电池管理系统BMS。Further, each battery pack module is provided with a corresponding battery management system BMS.
进一步的，所述超级电容单元包括超级电容SC和DC/DC转换器，所述超级电容SC和所述DC/DC转换器并联，所述DC/DC转换器的第一端作为超级电容模块的第一电极端，所述DC/DC转换器的第二端作为所述超级电容模块的第二电极端。Further, the supercapacitor unit includes a supercapacitor SC and a DC/DC converter, the supercapacitor SC and the DC/DC converter are connected in parallel, and the first end of the DC/DC converter serves as the supercapacitor module The first electrode terminal and the second terminal of the DC/DC converter serve as the second electrode terminal of the supercapacitor module.
DC/DC转换器为转变输入电压后有效输出固定电压的电压转换器，有变流、调压的功能。通过控制DC/DC转换器中的开关导通时间，改变其占空比，从而控制其输出的功率或电压。在本系统中，用DC/DC转换器连接端电压不同的两种储能元件，对每种储能设备直接控制，电池组单元和超级电容单元可以深度放电因此其储能量可以充分利用，延长电池使用寿命。The DC/DC converter is a voltage converter that effectively outputs a fixed voltage after changing the input voltage, and has the functions of current conversion and voltage regulation. By controlling the conduction time of the switch in the DC/DC converter, its duty cycle is changed, thereby controlling its output power or voltage. In this system, DC/DC converters are used to connect two energy storage elements with different terminal voltages, and each energy storage device is directly controlled. The battery unit and the supercapacitor unit can be deeply discharged, so their energy storage can be fully utilized and extended. battery life.
进一步的，每一所述预充回路模块均包括第一开关元件和功率电阻，所述第一开关元件的第一端作为所述预充回路模块的第一端，所述第一开关元件的第二端的连接所述功率电阻，所述第一开关元件的控制端作为所述预充回路模块的控制端。Further, each of the pre-charging circuit modules includes a first switching element and a power resistor, the first end of the first switching element serves as the first end of the pre-charging circuit module, and the first end of the first switching element The second terminal is connected to the power resistor, and the control terminal of the first switching element is used as the control terminal of the pre-charging circuit module.
进一步的，每一所述主支路模块均包括第二开关元件，所述第二开关元件的第一端作为所述主支路模块的第一端，所述第二开关元件的第二端作为所述主支路模块的第一端的第二端。Further, each of the main branch modules includes a second switch element, the first end of the second switch element serves as the first end of the main branch module, and the second end of the second switch element The second end being the first end of the main branch module.
进一步的，所述第一开关元件和所述第二开关元件均为继电器。继电器是一种电控制器件的“自动开关”，当输入量(激励量)的变化达到规定要求时，在电气输出电路中使被控量发生预定的阶跃变化，在电路中起着自动调节、安全保护、转换电路等作用。Further, both the first switch element and the second switch element are relays. The relay is an "automatic switch" of an electrical control device. When the change of the input quantity (excitation quantity) meets the specified requirements, the controlled quantity will undergo a predetermined step change in the electrical output circuit, and it will automatically adjust in the circuit. , Safety protection, conversion circuit and so on.
进一步的，所述智能配电单元还包括：若干第一熔断器Fuse1，每一所述主支路模块通过对应的所述第一熔断器Fuse1连接所述正总接口模块。Further, the intelligent power distribution unit further includes: several first fuses Fuse1, each of the main branch modules is connected to the main interface module through the corresponding first fuse Fuse1.
进一步的，所述正总接口模块包括充电正接口和放电正接口，所述负总接口模块包括充电负接口和放电负接口。另外，还可以包括空调接口和DC/DC接口。即正总接口模块还可以包括空调正接口和DC/DC正接口；负总接口单元还可以包括空调负接口和DC/DC负接口。Further, the positive total interface module includes a positive charge interface and a positive discharge interface, and the negative total interface module includes a negative charge interface and a negative discharge interface. In addition, it may also include an air conditioner interface and a DC/DC interface. That is, the positive total interface module may also include an air conditioner positive interface and a DC/DC positive interface; the negative total interface unit may also include an air conditioner negative interface and a DC/DC negative interface.
优选的，为更好地发挥继电器的作用，预充回路模块上设有继电器，本实施例中通常设置正总接口模块与预充回路模块连接，当然，在其它实施例中根据电路需求调整，相应将正总接口模块替换为负总接口模块，负总接口模块替换为正总接口模块的实施方式也在本实施例的保护范围内。Preferably, in order to better play the role of the relay, a relay is provided on the pre-charging circuit module. In this embodiment, the positive total interface module is usually set to connect with the pre-charging circuit module. Of course, in other embodiments, it can be adjusted according to the circuit requirements. Correspondingly, the embodiment in which the positive total interface module is replaced by a negative total interface module, and the negative total interface module is replaced by a positive total interface module is also within the scope of protection of this embodiment.
进一步的，正总接口模块的总继电器均通过一相应的第二熔断器Fuse2连接每一分接口(包括充电正接口、放电正接口、空调正接口和DC/DC正接口)，负总接口模块的总继电器通过一相应的第二熔断器Fuse2连接每一分接口(包括充电负接口、放电负接口、空调负接口和DC/DC负接口)，实现过流保护。Further, the main relay of the positive main interface module is connected to each sub-interface (including the charging positive interface, the discharging positive interface, the air conditioner positive interface and the DC/DC positive interface) through a corresponding second fuse Fuse2, and the negative main interface module The main relay is connected to each sub-interface (including charging negative interface, discharging negative interface, air-conditioning negative interface and DC/DC negative interface) through a corresponding second fuse Fuse2 to realize overcurrent protection.
进一步的，所述正总接口模块还包括第一总继电器，所述负总接口模块还包括第二总继电器；Further, the positive main interface module also includes a first main relay, and the negative main interface module also includes a second main relay;
所述充电正接口和所述放电正接口均用于通过所述第一总继电器连接每一所述主支路模块的第二端，所述第一总继电器的控制端作为所述正总接口模块的控制端；Both the positive charging interface and the positive discharging interface are used to connect the second end of each main branch module through the first main relay, and the control terminal of the first main relay serves as the positive main interface The control terminal of the module;
所述充电负接口和所述放电负接口均用于通过所述第二总继电器连接每一所述电池分组模块的第二电极端，所述第二总继电器的控制端作为所述负总接口单元的控制端。Both the charging negative interface and the discharging negative interface are used to connect the second electrode terminals of each of the battery grouping modules through the second main relay, and the control terminal of the second main relay serves as the negative main interface The control terminal of the unit.
通过智能均衡配电设备，放电时，通过闭合各预充回路模块的继电器，使得电池组单元中每一电池分组模块的所在支路的端电压基本相等，消除环流现象，在环流现象消除后，断开预充回路模块的继电器并闭合各主支路模块的继电器，电池组单元对外供电。Through the intelligent balanced power distribution equipment, when discharging, by closing the relays of each pre-charging circuit module, the terminal voltage of the branch circuit of each battery group module in the battery unit is basically equal, eliminating the circulation phenomenon. After the circulation phenomenon is eliminated, Disconnect the relay of the pre-charging circuit module and close the relays of each main branch circuit module, and the battery pack unit supplies power to the outside.
进一步的，正总接口模块的第一总继电器均通过一相应的一第二熔断器Fuse2连接每一分接口(包括充电正接口、放电正接口、空调正接口和DC/DC正接口)，负总接口单元的第二总继电器通过另一相应的第二熔断器Fuse2连接每一分接口(包括充电负接口、放电负接口、空调负接口和DC/DC负接口)，实现过流保护。Further, the first main relay of the positive main interface module is all connected to each sub-interface (including charging positive interface, discharging positive interface, air-conditioning positive interface and DC/DC positive interface) through a corresponding second fuse Fuse2, negative The second main relay of the main interface unit is connected to each sub-interface (including charging negative interface, discharging negative interface, air-conditioning negative interface and DC/DC negative interface) through another corresponding second fuse Fuse2 to realize overcurrent protection.
进一步的，每一所述电流检测模块包括一分流器FL，所述分流器FL的第一端连接对应的所述第一电极接入端，所述分流器FL的第二端连接对应的所述主支路模块的第一端，所述分流器FL的反馈端作为所述电流检测模块的反馈端连接所述第五通讯输出端。Further, each of the current detection modules includes a shunt FL, the first end of the shunt FL is connected to the corresponding first electrode access end, and the second end of the shunt FL is connected to the corresponding The first end of the main branch module, and the feedback end of the shunt FL is connected to the fifth communication output end as the feedback end of the current detection module.
第五通讯输出端主要包含从分流器FL读取到各电池分组模块对应的支路上的电流数据，第五通讯输出端把接收到的电流数据反馈给相应的管理单元EMS。The fifth communication output terminal mainly includes the current data read from the shunt FL to the branch corresponding to each battery group module, and the fifth communication output terminal feeds back the received current data to the corresponding management unit EMS.
进一步的，还包括主控制单元VCS，用于控制所述管理单元EMS，所述主控制单元VCS连接所述管理单元EMS。Further, it also includes a main control unit VCS for controlling the management unit EMS, and the main control unit VCS is connected to the management unit EMS.
主控制单元的控制对象可以有主控制器、放电控制器、电池管理系统、多能源管理系统、信息显示系统和通信系统。各系统之间的信息传递通过网络通信系统网络化实现，本系统中，管理单元通过CAN与主控制单元连接，进行数据交流和指令传递。The control objects of the main control unit can include main controller, discharge controller, battery management system, multi-energy management system, information display system and communication system. The information transfer between the various systems is realized through the networking of the network communication system. In this system, the management unit is connected with the main control unit through CAN for data exchange and instruction transfer.
具体的，电池组单元中每个并联支路的电池分组模块的第一电极均与相对应智能配电单元中的分流器连接，接着，分流器连接相对应的主支路模块的继电器和一个预充回路组成的并联电路，最后，经过一第一熔断器Fuse1后，各电池分组模块的第一电极连接成一个电池组主正母线连接至正总接口模块，其中，电池组单元的各并联支路的电池分组的第二电极均接到智能配电单元中负总接口模块组成一个电池组主负母线连接至负总接口模块，正总接口模块和负总接口模块均有相对应的总继电器控制开闭，与此同时，电池组单元的各并联支路的电池分组模块均有各自的电池管理系统BMS与管理单元EMS进行通讯连接。智能配电系统中各分流器以及继电器均与能源管理系统进行通讯控制连接，分流器采集各支路电流信息，继电器控制对应电路开闭。超级电容SC连接在DC/DC转换器两端，DC/DC转换器两端再分别与电池组主正母线和电池组主负母线连接，即超级电容作为辅助储能元件通过DC/DC转换器与电池组并联，复合对外供电，并且，超级电容SC与DC/DC转换器通过通讯端口分别与能源管理系统进行通讯连接。若干电池分组模块、超级电容SC、DC/DC转换器以及智能配电单元复合后，其输入输出端口通过继电器可连接充电桩、负载、DC/DC转换器以及其他设备。Specifically, the first electrode of the battery group module of each parallel branch in the battery pack unit is connected to the shunt in the corresponding intelligent power distribution unit, and then the shunt is connected to the relay of the corresponding main branch module and a A parallel circuit composed of a pre-charging circuit. Finally, after passing through a first fuse Fuse1, the first electrodes of each battery pack module are connected to form a battery pack main positive busbar connected to the positive total interface module, wherein each of the battery pack units is connected in parallel The second electrodes of the battery groups of the branches are all connected to the negative total interface module in the intelligent power distribution unit to form a battery pack. The main negative bus bar is connected to the negative total interface module. The relay controls the opening and closing. At the same time, the battery group modules of each parallel branch of the battery unit have their own battery management system BMS and the management unit EMS for communication connection. Each shunt and relay in the intelligent power distribution system are connected to the energy management system for communication control. The shunt collects the current information of each branch, and the relay controls the opening and closing of the corresponding circuit. The supercapacitor SC is connected to both ends of the DC/DC converter, and the two ends of the DC/DC converter are respectively connected to the main positive busbar of the battery pack and the main negative busbar of the battery pack, that is, the supercapacitor acts as an auxiliary energy storage element through the DC/DC converter It is connected in parallel with the battery pack to provide combined external power supply, and the supercapacitor SC and the DC/DC converter communicate with the energy management system through communication ports. After several battery grouping modules, supercapacitor SC, DC/DC converter and intelligent power distribution unit are combined, their input and output ports can be connected to charging piles, loads, DC/DC converters and other equipment through relays.
需要说明的是，不同模块/单元/系统间的通讯连接可以通过通讯电缆/串口或其它形式的信号线进行连接。It should be noted that the communication connections between different modules/units/systems can be connected through communication cables/serial ports or other forms of signal lines.
基于本实施例的复合能源系统的结构，根据不同的使用需求工况，可以通过管理单元对电池组单元、超级电容单元和智能配电单元实现相应的控制，制定复合能源的充放电策略以及电池组中电池与电池间、电池组与超级电容之间的相互均衡控制策略。Based on the structure of the composite energy system of this embodiment, according to different operating conditions, the management unit can control the battery unit, the supercapacitor unit and the intelligent power distribution unit accordingly, formulate the charging and discharging strategy of the composite energy and the battery Mutual balance control strategy between batteries in the group and between batteries and supercapacitors.
具体的，使用需求工况包能量输出工况、能量输入工况和无输入输出工况。其中，能量输出工况包括：大功率输出、一般功率输出和无输出；能量输入工况包括：包括大功率充电、大功率瞬时能量回馈和一般功率输入。Specifically, the use demand working conditions include energy output working conditions, energy input working conditions and no input and output working conditions. Among them, the energy output working conditions include: high-power output, general power output and no output; the energy input working conditions include: including high-power charging, high-power instantaneous energy feedback and general power input.
当复合能源系统需要对外部负载进行供电时，可以能量输出工况制定对应的供电(放电)策略；举例，大功率输出时，可以选择通过管理单元EMS控制控制所述电池组单元和超级电SC共同供电；一般功率输出时，可以选择通过管理单元EMS控制所述电池组单元单独供电；上述供电策略仅仅为一种举例说明，实际的供电策略可以根据实际需求进行调整，本实施例并不限制本复合能源系统只能采用该供电策略。When the composite energy system needs to supply power to external loads, the corresponding power supply (discharge) strategy can be formulated under the energy output condition; for example, when the power output is high, the battery pack unit and the super electric SC can be controlled by the management unit EMS. Common power supply; during general power output, you can choose to control the battery pack unit to supply power separately through the management unit EMS; the above power supply strategy is just an example, and the actual power supply strategy can be adjusted according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit This composite energy system can only adopt this power supply strategy.
大功率输出和一般功率输出的区分可以通过外部负载的负载功率和电池组单元的允许输出的功率的大小关系进行判定，如，电池组单元允许输出的功率小于外部负载的功率，此时判定为大功率输出；电池组单元允许输出的功率大于外部负载的功率，此时判定为一般功率输出。当然，能量输出工况还可以通过其它判定标准进行确定，此处仅为一种可实现方式的举例说明。当复合能源系统处于充电状态时，可以根据能量输入工况制定对应的充电策略；如大功率瞬时能量回馈，基于超级电容充电速度快、效率高的特性，可以优先通过管理单元将瞬时回馈的能量给超级电容单元进行充电，然后再通过控制管理单元给电池组单元进行充电，从而使得电池组与超级电容之间均衡性好。The distinction between high power output and general power output can be determined by the relationship between the load power of the external load and the allowable output power of the battery pack unit. For example, the allowable output power of the battery pack unit is less than the power of the external load. High power output; the battery pack unit is allowed to output power greater than the power of the external load, and it is judged as normal power output at this time. Of course, the energy output working condition can also be determined by other criteria, and this is only an example of a realizable manner. When the hybrid energy system is in the charging state, corresponding charging strategies can be formulated according to the energy input conditions; such as high-power instantaneous energy feedback, based on the characteristics of fast charging and high efficiency of super capacitors, the energy that is instantaneously fed back can be preferentially transferred through the management unit Charge the supercapacitor unit, and then charge the battery unit through the control management unit, so that the balance between the battery pack and the supercapacitor is good.
另外，在复合能源系统制定相应的充电策略，还可以考虑当前所述电池组单元的荷电状态和所述超级电容单元的荷电状态来确定电池组单元与超级电容单元间，电池组单元内每一电池分组模块相互间的充放电策略：In addition, when formulating a corresponding charging strategy in the composite energy system, the current state of charge of the battery unit and the state of charge of the supercapacitor unit can also be considered to determine the charging time between the battery unit and the supercapacitor unit, and within the battery unit. The mutual charging and discharging strategy of each battery group module:
比如，当所述超级电容单元的荷电状态小于所述超级电容单元的荷电状态最高限值，可以控制所述超级电容单元通过进行充电；当所述超级电容单元的荷电状态不小于所述超级电容单元的荷电状态最高限值时，并，当所述电池组单元的荷电状态小于所述电池组单元的荷电状态最高限值，可以控制所述电池组单元进行充电；For example, when the state of charge of the supercapacitor unit is less than the upper limit value of the state of charge of the supercapacitor unit, the supercapacitor unit can be controlled to charge; when the state of charge of the supercapacitor unit is not less than the When the upper limit value of the state of charge of the supercapacitor unit, and, when the state of charge of the battery unit is less than the upper limit value of the state of charge of the battery unit, the battery unit can be controlled to charge;
又比如，复合能源在无输入和输出工况下，为保持电池分组模块一致性，综合考虑电池分组中电压与荷电状态状况，在电池分组模块间或电池分组模块与超级电容间进行充放电。当电池分组模块端电压压差超过限值，且超级电容荷电状态小于最高限值，将电池分组模块中的最高电压分组通过直通继电器与超级电容连接，实现对超级电容充电；如果超级电容的电容荷电状态达到最高限值，电池分组模块中的最高电压分组则通过功率电阻与继电器支路与最低电压分组模块连接，实现最高与最低端电压电池分组模块实现电压平衡。另外，当电池分组模块端电压压差超过限值，且电池组模块SOC不高、超级电容荷电状态大于参考值，则可将电池分组模块中的最低电压分组则通过继电器支路与超级电容连接，实现对电池组充电。For another example, when the composite energy source has no input and output conditions, in order to maintain the consistency of the battery group module, the voltage and state of charge in the battery group are considered comprehensively, and the charge and discharge are performed between the battery group modules or between the battery group module and the super capacitor. When the voltage difference between the terminals of the battery grouping module exceeds the limit value and the state of charge of the supercapacitor is less than the upper limit value, the highest voltage group in the battery grouping module is connected to the supercapacitor through the through relay to realize charging of the supercapacitor; if the supercapacitor The state of charge of the capacitor reaches the maximum limit, and the highest voltage group in the battery group module is connected to the lowest voltage group module through the power resistor and the relay branch, so as to realize the voltage balance of the battery group module with the highest and lowest voltage. In addition, when the terminal voltage difference of the battery pack module exceeds the limit value, and the SOC of the battery pack module is not high, and the state of charge of the supercapacitor is greater than the reference value, the lowest voltage group in the battery pack module can be passed through the relay branch and the supercapacitor Connect to charge the battery pack.
上述放电策略的仅仅为一种可实现方式，说明本实施例能够实现电池分组模块间、电池组单元与超级电容单元检能够实现相互均衡，实际的放电策略可以根据实际需求进行指定，本实施例并不限制本复合能源系统只能采用该放电策略。The above discharge strategy is only an achievable way, indicating that this embodiment can achieve mutual balance between battery group modules, battery pack units and supercapacitor units, and the actual discharge strategy can be specified according to actual needs. This embodiment It is not limited that the composite energy system can only adopt this discharge strategy.
本实施例通过管理单元对电池组模块和超级电容单元的控制，可避免电池过充过放，影响电池寿命。In this embodiment, the management unit controls the battery pack module and the supercapacitor unit to avoid overcharging and overdischarging of the battery, which affects the life of the battery.
进一步的，所述超级电容单元的荷电状态的最高限值为所述超级电容单元充满电时的荷电状态，或为预先设置的最高限值；Further, the upper limit of the state of charge of the supercapacitor unit is the state of charge when the supercapacitor unit is fully charged, or a preset upper limit;
所述电池组单元的荷电状态的最高限值为所述电池组单元充满电时的荷电状态，或为预先设置的最高限值。The upper limit of the state of charge of the battery unit is the state of charge when the battery unit is fully charged, or a preset upper limit.
进一步的，电池组单元工作时，若检测到某个电池分组模块出现问题或不工作，可通过智能配电单元断开此电池分组模块的连接，不影响整体使用，单独电池片更换方便。Furthermore, when the battery pack unit is working, if a certain battery pack module is detected to be faulty or not working, the connection of the battery pack module can be disconnected through the intelligent power distribution unit, which does not affect the overall use, and the replacement of individual battery slices is convenient.
本实施例将大功率动力电池和高电压超级电容通过智能配电系统和DC/DC转换器并联在一起，可以充分发挥超级电容的特点，达到高能量和高功率的非常好的结合。既充分利用了动力电池的高能量密度和高循环使用寿命，又充分利用了超级电容的高功率密度及超常的充放电使用次数，使用方便，并且可以稳定提供高功率的电能输出；可承受充电电压和电流相当程度的波动；由于超级电容可作为能量滤波使用，使得瞬间能量反馈的波动电流，完全被电容所储存，可有效地保护动力电池组，提高电池组整体安全性；可充分保证电能提供的稳定性和便捷性；由于超级电容的存在，可以完全克服对于负载的变动或电压的波动；由于不需要内燃机的启动过程或与电网连接的过程，可在十几秒内达到满功率输出。In this embodiment, a high-power power battery and a high-voltage supercapacitor are connected in parallel through an intelligent power distribution system and a DC/DC converter, which can give full play to the characteristics of the supercapacitor and achieve a very good combination of high energy and high power. It not only makes full use of the high energy density and high cycle life of the power battery, but also makes full use of the high power density and extraordinary charge and discharge times of the supercapacitor. It is easy to use and can provide high-power output stably; it can withstand charging The voltage and current fluctuate to a certain extent; because the supercapacitor can be used as an energy filter, the fluctuating current of the instantaneous energy feedback is completely stored by the capacitor, which can effectively protect the power battery pack and improve the overall safety of the battery pack; it can fully guarantee the power Provides excellent stability and convenience; due to the existence of super capacitors, it can completely overcome load changes or voltage fluctuations; since it does not require the starting process of the internal combustion engine or the process of connecting to the grid, it can reach full power output within ten seconds .
本实施例由“电池组单元+智能配电单元+超级电容+DC/DC转换器”组成的复合能源系统，可有效避免环流现象，各电池片之间有效地均，电池与电池间、电池与电容可控制的相互充放电，避免电池和超级电容的过充过放问题；超级电容与电池组共同供电以应对尖峰功率要求，可减少电池组数量，从而减轻复合能源系统的重量，提高使用经济性；制动时能产生能量回馈，节约能源。本实施例能量密度高、循环寿命长、功率输出高和安全可靠。In this embodiment, the composite energy system composed of "battery pack unit + intelligent power distribution unit + supercapacitor + DC/DC converter" can effectively avoid the phenomenon of circulating current, and the effective balance between each battery slice, the battery and the battery, the battery Controllable mutual charging and discharging with capacitors avoids overcharging and over-discharging problems of batteries and supercapacitors; supercapacitors and battery packs are jointly powered to meet peak power requirements, which can reduce the number of battery packs, thereby reducing the weight of the composite energy system and improving usage Economical; energy feedback can be generated during braking to save energy. This embodiment has high energy density, long cycle life, high power output, safety and reliability.
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also considered Be the protection scope of the present invention.
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20180209 |