技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于直流能源路由器的微电网系统。The invention relates to a micro grid system based on a DC energy router.
背景技术Background technique
现有的直流微电网由直流微电源、储能装置、负荷等构成，直流微电源包括风电、太阳能、燃料电池等分布式能源，类型较多，且具有间歇性、随机性的特点，输出电压存在不稳定、电压水平不一致的问题，各直流能源不能直接汇集，无法对各直流能源实行统一调配控制。目前普遍的解决方案是各分布式能源通过电力电子变换装置电压进行DC/DC变换连接到直流母线，直流母线再通过电力电子变换装置为不同电压等级的交直流负载提供电能，所述微电源输出电压和功率由各独立微电源控制器调节。The existing DC micro-grid consists of DC micro-power sources, energy storage devices, loads, etc. DC micro-power sources include distributed energy sources such as wind power, solar energy, and fuel cells. There are many types, and they are intermittent and random. The output voltage There are problems of instability and inconsistent voltage levels, and various DC energy sources cannot be directly collected, and it is impossible to implement unified deployment control for each DC energy source. The current common solution is that each distributed energy source is connected to the DC bus through the DC/DC conversion of the voltage of the power electronic conversion device, and the DC bus provides power for AC and DC loads of different voltage levels through the power electronic conversion device. Voltage and power are regulated by individual micro-power controllers.
目前已有最相近似的方案是公开号为CN105932779A的专利中提到了一种微电网的能量路由器，其包括直流母线、发电设备可控开关组、并网转换模块和电力控制系统等。分布式发电设备、用电负载、电网直接与路由器连接，所述路由器集成度高，可满足特定需求，但同时存在输入接口不统一、可移植性差、不利于扩展的问题，难以适应微电网灵活控制的要求。At present, the most similar solution is that the patent publication number CN105932779A mentions an energy router for a microgrid, which includes a DC bus, a controllable switch group for power generation equipment, a grid-connected conversion module, and a power control system. Distributed power generation equipment, power loads, and the grid are directly connected to the router. The router is highly integrated and can meet specific needs, but at the same time, there are problems such as inconsistent input interfaces, poor portability, and unfavorable expansion. It is difficult to adapt to the flexible microgrid. control requirements.
现有技术虽可解决多种分布式能源的接入问题，但同时存在控制不够灵活，不能提供统一的接口，可移植性、可扩展性较差，无法对微网电力潮流分布进行动态控制的问题。Although the existing technology can solve the access problem of various distributed energy sources, but at the same time, the control is not flexible enough, a unified interface cannot be provided, the portability and scalability are poor, and the power flow distribution of the microgrid cannot be dynamically controlled. question.
因此，有必要设计一种基于直流能源路由器的微电网系统。Therefore, it is necessary to design a microgrid system based on DC energy routers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于直流能源路由器的微电网系统，该基于直流能源路由器的微电网系统易于实施，微电网系统在系统监控器的统一监控下运行，安全可靠性高。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a micro-grid system based on a DC energy router. The micro-grid system based on a DC energy router is easy to implement. The micro-grid system operates under the unified monitoring of a system monitor, and has high safety and reliability.
发明的技术解决方案如下：The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
一种基于直流能源路由器的微电网系统，包括系统监控器(即能源管理平台)、直流能源路由器、蓄电池模块和变流模块；A microgrid system based on a DC energy router, including a system monitor (that is, an energy management platform), a DC energy router, a battery module, and a converter module;
直流能源路由器具有多个用于接入直流微电源的电源输入端口；直流能源路由器的多个输出端口与直流母线相连；The DC energy router has multiple power input ports for connecting to the DC micro power supply; the multiple output ports of the DC energy router are connected to the DC bus;
蓄电池模块通过接驳模块与直流母线相连；The battery module is connected to the DC bus through the connection module;
变流模块与直流母线相连，变流模块用于为交流或直流负载供电；The converter module is connected to the DC bus, and the converter module is used to supply power for AC or DC loads;
直流能源路由器、蓄电池模块和变流模块均与系统监控器相连，并均受控于系统监控器。The DC energy router, the storage battery module and the converter module are all connected to and controlled by the system monitor.
微电网系统还包括与直流母线相连的母线补偿装置，母线补偿装置受控于系统监控器。The microgrid system also includes a bus compensation device connected to the DC bus, and the bus compensation device is controlled by the system monitor.
蓄电池模块包括多个蓄电池单体。多个蓄电池单体可以进行串联并联组合。A battery module includes a plurality of battery cells. Multiple battery cells can be combined in series and parallel.
接驳模块为蓄电池接驳箱。The connection module is a battery connection box.
变流模块包括用于接交流负载的DC/AC模块和/或用于接直流负载的DC/DC模块。The converter module includes a DC/AC module for connecting to an AC load and/or a DC/DC module for connecting to a DC load.
直流能源路由器、蓄电池模块和变流模块均通过总线与系统监控器相连。优选CAN总线。The DC energy router, battery module and converter module are all connected to the system monitor through the bus. The CAN bus is preferred.
直流能源路由器包括至少一个路由器组；每一个路由器组包括n个路由器单元；n≥2，n为自然数；The DC energy router includes at least one router group; each router group includes n router units; n≥2, n is a natural number;
每一个路由器单元包括主电路；路由器组中设有驱动电路和控制电路；Each router unit includes a main circuit; a drive circuit and a control circuit are arranged in the router group;
主电路包括输入端口、降压式变换电路(BUCK电路)和输出端口；The main circuit includes an input port, a step-down conversion circuit (BUCK circuit) and an output port;
所述的输入端口用于连接外部的直流微电源；The input port is used to connect an external DC micro power supply;
所述的输出端口用于连接外部的直流母线；The output port is used to connect to an external DC bus;
降压式变换电路由驱动电路驱动，降压式变换电路受控于控制电路。The step-down conversion circuit is driven by the driving circuit, and the step-down conversion circuit is controlled by the control circuit.
路由器组置于箱体内(若路由器组为一个，则置于箱体内，若多个路由器组，则对应置于各自的独立的箱体内)。The router group is placed in the box (if there is one router group, it will be placed in the box, if there are multiple router groups, it will be placed in their own independent boxes).
每一个路由器单元还包括用于采集反馈电压或电流信号的数据采集电路；数据采集电路与控制模块相连。数据采集电路包括第一电压检测电路、第二电压检测电路和电流反馈电路。Each router unit also includes a data acquisition circuit for collecting feedback voltage or current signals; the data acquisition circuit is connected with the control module. The data acquisition circuit includes a first voltage detection circuit, a second voltage detection circuit and a current feedback circuit.
第一电压检测电路和第二电压检测电路分别用于检测输入端口与输出端口的电压，电流反馈电路用于检测输出端口的输出电流。The first voltage detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuit are used to detect the voltage of the input port and the output port respectively, and the current feedback circuit is used to detect the output current of the output port.
直流微电源为风电发电模块、太阳能发电模块、燃料电池、热力发电模块、飞轮发电模块、压缩空气发电模块中的至少一种。The DC micro power supply is at least one of a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, a fuel cell, a thermal power generation module, a flywheel power generation module, and a compressed air power generation module.
另外：in addition:
(I)针对直流能源路由器以及微电网系统的控制方法说明如下：(1) The control method for the DC energy router and the microgrid system is described as follows:
一种直流能源路由器的控制方法，所述的直流能源路由器包括主电路、驱动电路和控制电路；A control method for a DC energy router, wherein the DC energy router includes a main circuit, a drive circuit and a control circuit;
主电路包括输入端口、降压式变换电路(BUCK电路)和输出端口；The main circuit includes an input port, a step-down conversion circuit (BUCK circuit) and an output port;
所述的输入端口用于接连接外部的直流微电源，；The input port is used to connect to an external DC micro power supply;
所述的输出端口用于接连接外部的直流母线；The output port is used to connect to an external DC bus;
所述的降压式变换电路包括阻塞二极管(D1)、继电保护开关(EMI)、通道开关(SSI)、IGBT、续流二极管(D2)、电感(L1)和电容(C1)；阻塞二极管、继电保护开关、通道开关和IGBT串接在输入端口的正端与续流二极管的阴极之间；电感接在续流二极管的阴极与输出端口的正端之间；电容与输出端口并联；输入端口的负端和输出端口的负端均与续流二极管的阳极相连；The step-down conversion circuit includes a blocking diode (D1), a relay protection switch (EMI), a channel switch (SSI), an IGBT, a freewheeling diode (D2), an inductor (L1) and a capacitor (C1); the blocking diode , the relay protection switch, the channel switch and the IGBT are connected in series between the positive end of the input port and the cathode of the freewheeling diode; the inductance is connected between the cathode of the freewheeling diode and the positive end of the output port; the capacitor is connected in parallel with the output port; Both the negative terminal of the input port and the negative terminal of the output port are connected to the anode of the freewheeling diode;
驱动电路与控制模块相连，并受控于控制模块；驱动电路的3个输出端分别接继电保护开关、通道开关和IGBT的控制端；驱动模块输出电平信号到继电保护开关和通道开关，驱动电路输出PWM信号到IGBT的控制端(即IGBT的G极)；The drive circuit is connected to the control module and is controlled by the control module; the three output terminals of the drive circuit are respectively connected to the control terminal of the relay protection switch, the channel switch and the IGBT; the drive module outputs level signals to the relay protection switch and the channel switch , the drive circuit outputs a PWM signal to the control terminal of the IGBT (ie, the G pole of the IGBT);
阻塞二极管(D1)、继电保护开关(EMI)、通道开关(SSI)、IGBT可以依次串联，也可以随意串联，不改变其电气特性。Blocking diode (D1), relay protection switch (EMI), channel switch (SSI), and IGBT can be connected in series sequentially, or can be connected in series randomly without changing their electrical characteristics.
所述的直流能源路由器还包括用于采集反馈电压或电流信号的数据采集电路；数据采集电路与控制模块相连；The DC energy router also includes a data acquisition circuit for collecting feedback voltage or current signals; the data acquisition circuit is connected to the control module;
数据采集电路包括第一电压检测电路、第二电压检测电路和电流反馈电路；The data acquisition circuit includes a first voltage detection circuit, a second voltage detection circuit and a current feedback circuit;
第一电压检测电路和第二电压检测电路分别用于检测输入端口与输出端口的电压，电流反馈电路用于检测输出端口的输出电流；The first voltage detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuit are used to detect the voltage of the input port and the output port respectively, and the current feedback circuit is used to detect the output current of the output port;
控制电路接收外部控制指令对主电路实施控制。The control circuit receives external control instructions to control the main circuit.
包括如下步骤：Including the following steps:
步骤1：设定监控参数；Step 1: Set monitoring parameters;
步骤2：检测直流能源路由器输入电压是否在预设范围内；若是则进入下一步，否则继续检测直流能源路由器输入电压；Step 2: Detect whether the input voltage of the DC energy router is within the preset range; if so, proceed to the next step, otherwise continue to detect the input voltage of the DC energy router;
步骤3：接通继电保护开关和通道开关；并根据监控参数控制PWM波形输出，从而控制直流能源路由器的输出电压和电流；Step 3: Turn on the relay protection switch and channel switch; and control the PWM waveform output according to the monitoring parameters, thereby controlling the output voltage and current of the DC energy router;
步骤4：检侧输出电压、电流是否超出阈值，若超出则断开继电保护开关和通道开关，停止电压及电流输出；并返回步骤1。Step 4: Check whether the side output voltage and current exceed the threshold, if so, disconnect the relay protection switch and channel switch, stop voltage and current output; and return to step 1.
步骤1中的监控参数来自所述的外部控制指令。The monitoring parameters in step 1 come from the external control instructions.
一种微电网系统的控制方法，所述的微电网系统包括系统监控器(即能源管理平台)、直流能源路由器、蓄电池模块和变流模块；A control method for a micro-grid system, the micro-grid system includes a system monitor (ie, an energy management platform), a DC energy router, a storage battery module, and a converter module;
直流能源路由器具有多个用于接入直流微电源的电源输入端口；直流能源路由器的多个输出端口与直流母线相连；The DC energy router has multiple power input ports for connecting to the DC micro power supply; the multiple output ports of the DC energy router are connected to the DC bus;
蓄电池模块通过接驳模块与直流母线相连；The battery module is connected to the DC bus through the connecting module;
变流模块与直流母线相连，变流模块用于为交流或直流负载供电；The converter module is connected to the DC bus, and the converter module is used to supply power for AC or DC loads;
直流能源路由器、蓄电池模块和变流模块均与系统监控器相连，并均受控于系统监控器；The DC energy router, battery module and converter module are all connected to the system monitor and controlled by the system monitor;
控制方法为：The control method is:
由系统监控器控制直流能源路由器的电能输出；由系统监控器通过所述的接驳模块控制蓄电池模块是否与直流母线连接；由系统监控器控制变流模块向负载供电；直流能源路由器端采集的数据传输到系统监控器。The system monitor controls the power output of the DC energy router; the system monitor controls whether the battery module is connected to the DC bus through the connection module; the system monitor controls the converter module to supply power to the load; the DC energy router terminal collects Data transfer to system monitor.
针对直流能源路由器的控制包括对直流能源路由器中包含的所有路由器单元进行控制；Control of DC Energy Router includes control of all router units contained in the DC Energy Router;
对第i个路由器单元的控制方法如下，i＝1,2,3，……，N，N为直流能源路由器中包含的路由器单元的总数；The control method for the i-th router unit is as follows, i=1, 2, 3, ..., N, N is the total number of router units contained in the DC energy router;
步骤1：设定第i个路由器单元的监控参数；Step 1: Set the monitoring parameters of the i-th router unit;
步骤2：检测该路由器单元的输入电压是否在预设范围内；若是则进入下一步，否则继续检测该路由器单元的输入电压；Step 2: Detect whether the input voltage of the router unit is within the preset range; if so, proceed to the next step, otherwise continue to detect the input voltage of the router unit;
步骤3：接通该路由器单元的继电保护开关和通道开关；并根据监控参数控制PWM波形输出，从而控制该路由器单元的输出电压和电流；Step 3: Turn on the relay protection switch and channel switch of the router unit; and control the PWM waveform output according to the monitoring parameters, thereby controlling the output voltage and current of the router unit;
步骤4：检侧该路由器单元的输出电压、电流是否超出阈值，若超出则断开继电保护开关和通道开关，停止电压及电流输出；并返回步骤1。Step 4: Check whether the output voltage and current of the router unit exceed the threshold, and if so, disconnect the relay protection switch and channel switch, stop the voltage and current output; and return to step 1.
直流能源路由器与系统监控器通过现场总线相连；步骤1的监控参数由系统监控器通过现场总线发送到直流能源路由器。The DC energy router is connected to the system monitor through a field bus; the monitoring parameters in step 1 are sent by the system monitor to the DC energy router through the field bus.
直流能源路由器连接有MMI模块，步骤1中的监控参数由操作员通过MMI模块输入。The DC energy router is connected with an MMI module, and the monitoring parameters in step 1 are input by the operator through the MMI module.
微电网系统还包括与直流母线相连的母线补偿装置，系统监控器控制是否投切(投入或切除)母线补偿装置。The microgrid system also includes a bus compensation device connected to the DC bus, and the system monitor controls whether to switch (turn on or off) the bus compensation device.
变流模块包括用于接交流负载的DC/AC模块和/或用于接直流负载的DC/DC模块。The converter module includes a DC/AC module for connecting to an AC load and/or a DC/DC module for connecting to a DC load.
直流能源路由器包括至少一个路由器组；每一个路由器组包括n个路由器单元；n≥2，n为自然数；The DC energy router includes at least one router group; each router group includes n router units; n≥2, n is a natural number;
每一个路由器单元包括主电路；路由器组中设有驱动电路和控制电路；Each router unit includes a main circuit; a drive circuit and a control circuit are arranged in the router group;
主电路包括输入端口、降压式变换电路(BUCK电路)和输出端口；The main circuit includes an input port, a step-down conversion circuit (BUCK circuit) and an output port;
所述的输入端口用于接连接外部的直流微电源；The input port is used to connect to an external DC micro power supply;
所述的输出端口用于接连接外部的直流母线；The output port is used to connect to an external DC bus;
降压式变换电路由驱动电路驱动，降压式变换电路受控于控制电路。The step-down conversion circuit is driven by the driving circuit, and the step-down conversion circuit is controlled by the control circuit.
(II)针对直流能源路由器进行说明如下：(II) The description for the DC energy router is as follows:
直流能源路由器，包括至少一个路由器组；每一个路由器组包括n个路由器单元；n≥2，n为自然数；DC energy routers, including at least one router group; each router group includes n router units; n≥2, n is a natural number;
每一个路由器单元包括主电路；路由器组中设有驱动电路和控制电路；Each router unit includes a main circuit; a drive circuit and a control circuit are arranged in the router group;
主电路包括输入端口、降压式变换电路(BUCK电路)和输出端口；The main circuit includes an input port, a step-down conversion circuit (BUCK circuit) and an output port;
所述的输入端口用于连接外部的直流微电源；The input port is used to connect an external DC micro power supply;
所述的输出端口用于连接外部的直流母线；The output port is used to connect to an external DC bus;
降压式变换电路由驱动电路驱动，降压式变换电路受控于控制电路。The step-down conversion circuit is driven by the driving circuit, and the step-down conversion circuit is controlled by the control circuit.
控制器为1个或n个；n≥2；n为自然数；1 or n controllers; n≥2; n is a natural number;
(1)控制器为1个时，该控制器控制所有的路由器单元；(1) When there is one controller, the controller controls all router units;
(2)控制器为n个时，n控制器分别对应控制n个路由器单元。(2) When there are n controllers, the n controllers respectively control n router units.
驱动器为1个或n个；1 or n drives;
(1)驱动器为1个时，该驱动器控制所有的路由器单元；(1) When there is one driver, the driver controls all router units;
(2)控制器为n个时，n个驱动器分别对应驱动n个路由器单元。(2) When there are n controllers, n drivers correspond to drive n router units respectively.
每一个路由器单元还包括用于采集反馈电压或电流信号的数据采集电路；数据采集电路与控制模块相连。数据采集电路包括第一电压检测电路、第二电压检测电路和电流反馈电路；Each router unit also includes a data acquisition circuit for collecting feedback voltage or current signals; the data acquisition circuit is connected with the control module. The data acquisition circuit includes a first voltage detection circuit, a second voltage detection circuit and a current feedback circuit;
第一电压检测电路和第二电压检测电路分别用于检测输入端口与输出端口的电压，电流反馈电路用于检测输出端口的输出电流。The first voltage detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuit are used to detect the voltage of the input port and the output port respectively, and the current feedback circuit is used to detect the output current of the output port.
控制器与外部的现场总线连接，用于通过现场总线获取控制信号以及上传采集的数据。现场总线为CAN总线或其他总线。The controller is connected with an external field bus for obtaining control signals and uploading collected data through the field bus. The field bus is CAN bus or other buses.
直流微电源为风电发电模块、太阳能发电模块、燃料电池、热力发电模块、飞轮发电模块、压缩空气发电模块中的至少一种。The DC micro power supply is at least one of a wind power generation module, a solar power generation module, a fuel cell, a thermal power generation module, a flywheel power generation module, and a compressed air power generation module.
所述的控制模块包括数据采集控制器、继电保护控制器和通信控制器；数据采集控制器和继电保护控制器均与驱动电路相连；数据采集控制器与继电保护控制器通信连接；数据采集控制器与通信控制器通信连接；通信控制器与继电保护控制器通信连接。The control module includes a data acquisition controller, a relay protection controller and a communication controller; the data acquisition controller and the relay protection controller are both connected to the driving circuit; the data acquisition controller is connected to the relay protection controller in communication; The data acquisition controller communicates with the communication controller; the communication controller communicates with the relay protection controller.
所述的通信控制器为ARM控制器；The communication controller is an ARM controller;
ARM控制器具有用于连接CAN总线的CAN总线接口。The ARM controller has a CAN bus interface for connecting to the CAN bus.
所述的数据采集控制器为DSP。The data acquisition controller is DSP.
路由器组中设有防雷装置。防雷装置为直流避雷器，又称直流电源避雷器，为现有成熟设备；直流电源避雷器器用于防止雷电过电压和瞬态过电压对直流电源系统和用电设备造成的损坏，保护设备和使用者的安全。直流避雷器，还用于消除分布式能源及蓄电池串入的感应雷。There is a lightning protection device in the router group. The lightning protection device is a DC arrester, also known as a DC power arrester, which is an existing mature equipment; a DC power arrester is used to prevent damage to the DC power system and electrical equipment caused by lightning overvoltage and transient overvoltage, and protect equipment and users. safety. The DC surge arrester is also used to eliminate the induction lightning of distributed energy sources and batteries connected in series.
输出端口处还设有状态监测模块(用于检测该路由器的输出状态，即是否有电压输出等)。The output port is also provided with a state monitoring module (for detecting the output state of the router, that is, whether there is voltage output, etc.).
状态监测模块具有用于输出状态信号的CAN总线接口、RS485接口或MODUSB总线接口。具体的，状态监测模块通过RS485接口或MODUSB总线与上位机通信，或通过CAN总线接口与外部主机通信。The status monitoring module has CAN bus interface, RS485 interface or MODUSB bus interface for outputting status signals. Specifically, the status monitoring module communicates with the host computer through the RS485 interface or the MODUSB bus, or communicates with the external host computer through the CAN bus interface.
另外：数据采集控制器还连接有用于本地控制的人机接口(如键盘，鼠标，触摸屏，触摸板，显示屏等)。In addition: the data acquisition controller is also connected with a man-machine interface (such as keyboard, mouse, touch screen, touch panel, display screen, etc.) for local control.
驱动电路通过IGBT驱动模块与IGBT的控制端连接。The drive circuit is connected to the control terminal of the IGBT through the IGBT drive module.
IGBT驱动模块采用M57959器件。The IGBT drive module uses the M57959 device.
(III)针对直流能源路由器单元(简称路由器单元，下同)进行说明如下：(III) The DC energy router unit (referred to as the router unit, the same below) is explained as follows:
所述的直流能源路由器单元包括主电路、驱动电路和控制电路；The DC energy router unit includes a main circuit, a drive circuit and a control circuit;
主电路包括输入端口、降压式变换电路(BUCK电路)和输出端口；The main circuit includes an input port, a step-down conversion circuit (BUCK circuit) and an output port;
所述的输入端口用于接连接外部的直流微电源，；The input port is used to connect to an external DC micro power supply;
所述的输出端口用于接连接外部的直流母线；The output port is used to connect to an external DC bus;
所述的降压式变换电路包括阻塞二极管(D1)、继电保护开关(EMI)、通道开关(SSI)、IGBT、续流二极管(D2)、电感(L1)和电容(C1)；阻塞二极管、继电保护开关、通道开关和IGBT串接在输入端口的正端与续流二极管的阴极之间；电感接在续流二极管的阴极与输出端口的正端之间；电容与输出端口并联；输入端口的负端和输出端口的负端均与续流二极管的阳极相连；The step-down conversion circuit includes a blocking diode (D1), a relay protection switch (EMI), a channel switch (SSI), an IGBT, a freewheeling diode (D2), an inductor (L1) and a capacitor (C1); the blocking diode , the relay protection switch, the channel switch and the IGBT are connected in series between the positive end of the input port and the cathode of the freewheeling diode; the inductance is connected between the cathode of the freewheeling diode and the positive end of the output port; the capacitor is connected in parallel with the output port; Both the negative terminal of the input port and the negative terminal of the output port are connected to the anode of the freewheeling diode;
驱动电路与控制模块相连，并受控于控制模块；驱动电路的3个输出端分别接继电保护开关、通道开关和IGBT的控制端；驱动模块输出电平信号到继电保护开关和通道开关，驱动电路输出PWM信号到IGBT的控制端(即IGBT的G极)。The drive circuit is connected to the control module and is controlled by the control module; the three output terminals of the drive circuit are respectively connected to the control terminal of the relay protection switch, the channel switch and the IGBT; the drive module outputs level signals to the relay protection switch and the channel switch , the driving circuit outputs a PWM signal to the control terminal of the IGBT (ie, the G pole of the IGBT).
阻塞二极管(D1)、继电保护开关(EMI)、通道开关(SSI)、IGBT可以依次串联，也可以随意串联，不改变其电气特性。Blocking diode (D1), relay protection switch (EMI), channel switch (SSI), and IGBT can be connected in series sequentially, or can be connected in series randomly without changing their electrical characteristics.
所述的直流能源路由器还包括用于采集反馈电压或电流信号的数据采集电路；数据采集电路与控制模块相连。The DC energy router also includes a data acquisition circuit for collecting feedback voltage or current signals; the data acquisition circuit is connected to the control module.
数据采集电路包括第一电压检测电路、第二电压检测电路和电流反馈电路；第一电压检测电路和第二电压检测电路分别用于检测输入端口与输出端口的电压，电流反馈电路用于检测输出端口的输出电流。The data acquisition circuit includes a first voltage detection circuit, a second voltage detection circuit and a current feedback circuit; the first voltage detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuit are used to detect the voltage of the input port and the output port respectively, and the current feedback circuit is used to detect the output port output current.
驱动电路通过IGBT驱动模块与IGBT的控制端连接。The drive circuit is connected to the control terminal of the IGBT through the IGBT drive module.
IGBT驱动模块采用M57959器件。The IGBT drive module uses the M57959 device.
所述的控制模块包括数据采集控制器、继电保护控制器和通信控制器；数据采集控制器和继电保护控制器均与驱动电路相连；数据采集控制器与继电保护控制器通信连接；数据采集控制器与通信控制器通信连接；通信控制器与继电保护控制器通信连接。The control module includes a data acquisition controller, a relay protection controller and a communication controller; the data acquisition controller and the relay protection controller are both connected to the driving circuit; the data acquisition controller is connected to the relay protection controller in communication; The data acquisition controller communicates with the communication controller; the communication controller communicates with the relay protection controller.
所述的通信控制器为ARM控制器；The communication controller is an ARM controller;
ARM控制器具有用于连接CAN总线的CAN总线接口。The ARM controller has a CAN bus interface for connecting to the CAN bus.
所述的数据采集控制器为DSP。The data acquisition controller is DSP.
输出端口处还设有状态监测模块(用于检测该路由器的输出状态，即是否有电压输出等)。The output port is also provided with a state monitoring module (for detecting the output state of the router, that is, whether there is voltage output, etc.).
状态监测模块具有用于输出状态信号的CAN总线接口、RS485接口或MODUSB总线接口。具体的，状态监测模块通过RS485接口或MODUSB总线与上位机通信，或通过CAN总线接口与外部主机通信。The status monitoring module has CAN bus interface, RS485 interface or MODUSB bus interface for outputting status signals. Specifically, the status monitoring module communicates with the host computer through the RS485 interface or the MODUSB bus, or communicates with the external host computer through the CAN bus interface.
另外：数据采集控制器还连接有用于本地控制的人机接口(如键盘，鼠标，触摸屏，触摸板，显示屏等)。In addition: the data acquisition controller is also connected with a man-machine interface (such as keyboard, mouse, touch screen, touch panel, display screen, etc.) for local control.
母线补偿装置用于稳定电压，抑制纹波，防止过电压或欠电压。The busbar compensation device is used to stabilize the voltage, suppress the ripple, and prevent over-voltage or under-voltage.
具体的,母线补偿装置通过CAN总线与系统监控器相连，用于稳定直流母线电压，消除纹波，抑制电压闪变。具体说明如下：Specifically, the bus bar compensation device is connected with the system monitor through the CAN bus, and is used for stabilizing the DC bus bar voltage, eliminating ripples, and suppressing voltage flicker. The specific instructions are as follows:
母线补偿装置包括受控于系统监控器进行投切的后备储能系统(如后备电容器)和放电系统；The busbar compensation device includes a backup energy storage system (such as a backup capacitor) and a discharge system controlled by the system monitor for switching;
(1)后备储能系统在母线电压过低时，为直流母线提供后备电源，实现低压穿越(低压穿越是指，当电网故障或扰动引起并网点电压跌落时，并网接入的电源能继续运行，比如，当电网故障或扰动引起风电场并网点的电压跌落时，在电压跌落的范围内，风电机组能够不间断并网运行。对于光伏电站当电力系统事故或扰动引起光伏发电站并网电压跌落时，在一定的电压跌落范围和时间间隔内，光伏发电站能够保证不脱网连续运行。)(1) The backup energy storage system provides backup power for the DC bus when the bus voltage is too low to realize low-voltage ride-through (low-voltage ride-through means that when the grid failure or disturbance causes the voltage drop at the grid-connected point, the grid-connected power supply can continue Operation, for example, when thegrid failure or disturbance causes the voltage drop of the grid-connected point of thewind farm , within the scope of the voltage drop, the wind turbine can run uninterruptedly connected to the grid. When the voltage drops, within a certain voltage drop range and time interval, the photovoltaic power station can guarantee continuous operation without going off the grid.)
(2)放电系统的作用；由于太阳能和风能等新能源存在一定的季节性，即气候和季节的变化，其输出能量存在较大的差异；在某些时候，输出电压过高会导致用电设备受到损害；因此，在直流母线电压过高时，通过放电系统释放一定电能，从而维持直流母线电压在预设的范围内；(2) The role of the discharge system; due to the certain seasonality of new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, that is, changes in climate and seasons, there are large differences in their output energy; The equipment is damaged; therefore, when the DC bus voltage is too high, a certain amount of electric energy is released through the discharge system, so as to maintain the DC bus voltage within the preset range;
后备储能系统和放电系统均受到系统监控器的监控，系统监控器先通过实时采集的数据监控直流母线数据，从而决定是否需要启动母线补偿装置，若需启动则通过CAN总线发出指令到母线补偿装置，控制后备储能系统和放电系统的投入和切除。Both the backup energy storage system and the discharge system are monitored by the system monitor. The system monitor first monitors the DC bus data through real-time collected data, so as to decide whether to start the bus compensation device. If it needs to start, it sends a command to the bus compensation through the CAN bus The device controls the input and removal of the backup energy storage system and the discharge system.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
本发明的基于直流能源路由器的微电网系统，其采用的直流能源路由器，能实现多种直流能源汇集，采用模块化的设计、提供统一的微电源输入接口，实行输出功率动态控制。该路由器为一个独立设备，可同时满足6路或更多路不同类型微电源输入，每一路输入或输出能实行独立控制，有效控制微电网潮流分布，可扩展性高，可移植性好，有利于构建微电网系统。The micro-grid system based on the DC energy router of the present invention uses a DC energy router that can realize the collection of various DC energy sources, adopts a modular design, provides a unified micro-power input interface, and implements dynamic control of output power. The router is an independent device that can satisfy 6 or more different types of micro-power input at the same time. Each input or output can be independently controlled to effectively control the power flow distribution of the micro-grid. It has high scalability and good portability. Conducive to the construction of micro-grid system.
本系统中直流路由器完成多种微电源的汇集，可动态调节输出端口功率输出，是能源的枢纽，也是信息的枢纽。能源管理平台通过现场总线对微电源、储能装置、补偿装置、负载电力变换器实行统一管理和调配，可保障整个微电网系统可靠、稳定运行。In this system, the DC router completes the collection of various micro-power sources, and can dynamically adjust the power output of the output port. It is the hub of energy and the hub of information. The energy management platform implements unified management and deployment of micro-power sources, energy storage devices, compensation devices, and load power converters through the field bus, which can ensure the reliable and stable operation of the entire micro-grid system.
本发明采用统一的分布式微电源输入接口，增强了系统的可移植性、扩展性，提高系统的环境适应性；The invention adopts a unified distributed micro-power input interface, which enhances the portability and expansibility of the system, and improves the environmental adaptability of the system;
总而言之，本发明的微电网系统，解决了提供模块化的分布式微电源接入，电力潮流分布难于控制的问题，采用高度模块化的组件，便于扩展，增强了微电网的适应性。In a word, the micro-grid system of the present invention solves the problem of providing modular distributed micro-power access, and the power flow distribution is difficult to control. It adopts highly modular components, which is easy to expand and enhances the adaptability of the micro-grid.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是直流能源路由器单元的电路图。Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a DC Energy Router unit.
图2是直流能源路由器的结构图。Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a DC energy router.
图3是直流能源路由器用于微电网的拓扑图。Figure 3 is a topology diagram of a DC energy router used in a microgrid.
图4是直流能源路由器的动作流程图。Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the operation of the DC energy router.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明：The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:
实施例1：如图1～4，本发明的直流能源路由器包括2个路由箱和直流母线，所述路由箱由3个独立的路由通道构成，可接入3路不同的直流微电源，如图2所示，直流能源路由柜接入了6种不同的直流微电源。所述路由通道电路(即路由器单元)如图1所示，包括主电路、驱动电路、数据采集控制器、继电保护控制器和ARM控制器(即通信控制器)。所述路由箱还包括独立的电源电路。Embodiment 1: As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the DC energy router of the present invention includes 2 routing boxes and a DC bus bar. The routing box is composed of 3 independent routing channels, which can be connected to 3 different DC micro power sources, such as As shown in Figure 2, the DC energy routing cabinet is connected to 6 different DC micro power sources. The routing channel circuit (ie router unit) is shown in Figure 1, including a main circuit, a drive circuit, a data acquisition controller, a relay protection controller and an ARM controller (ie a communication controller). The routing box also includes an independent power supply circuit.
数据采集控制器与主电路的电压变送器HPT(即第一电压检测电路和第二电压检测电路)、电流变送器HCT(即电流反馈电路)连接，所述数据采集控制器还与驱动电路、继电保护控制器、ARM控制器(即通信控制器)连接。The data acquisition controller is connected with the voltage transmitter HPT (i.e. the first voltage detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuit) and the current transmitter HCT (i.e. the current feedback circuit) of the main circuit, and the data acquisition controller is also connected with the drive The circuit, the relay protection controller, and the ARM controller (that is, the communication controller) are connected.
驱动电路与主电路的继电保护开关EM1、通道开关SS1、IGBT驱动模块M57959连接，所述驱动电路还与数据采集控制器、继电保护控制器连接。The drive circuit is connected with the relay protection switch EM1, the channel switch SS1, and the IGBT drive module M57959 of the main circuit, and the drive circuit is also connected with the data acquisition controller and the relay protection controller.
继电保护控制器与控制器、驱动电路、ARM控制器连接。The relay protection controller is connected with the controller, the drive circuit and the ARM controller.
ARM控制器与数据采集控制器、继电保护控制器连接。The ARM controller is connected with the data acquisition controller and the relay protection controller.
直流能源汇集流程图如图4所示。The flowchart of DC energy collection is shown in Figure 4.
1、采集直流微电源输入输出的电压电流参数。1. Collect the voltage and current parameters of the input and output of the DC micro power supply.
2、检查系统及电压电流参数是否正常，正常则接通继电保护开关、通道开关，否则重新载入参数检查。2. Check whether the system and voltage and current parameters are normal. If normal, turn on the relay protection switch and channel switch, otherwise reload the parameter check.
3、接通继电保护开关和通道开关。3. Turn on the relay protection switch and channel switch.
4、根据本地电压电流参数及远程给定参数控制PWM波形输出，从而调节输出电压、电流。具体调节过程为现有成熟技术。4. Control the PWM waveform output according to the local voltage and current parameters and remote given parameters, so as to adjust the output voltage and current. The specific adjustment process is the existing mature technology.
5、检查输出电压、电流是否超出阈值，未超出则产生电能输出，超出则断开继电保护开关、通道开关，置位系统监控器，等待本地复位信号或者远程复位信号，停止输出。5. Check whether the output voltage and current exceed the threshold. If it does not exceed the threshold, it will generate electric energy output. If it exceeds, turn off the relay protection switch and channel switch, set the system monitor, wait for the local reset signal or remote reset signal, and stop the output.
如图3所示：As shown in Figure 3:
左边6路不同种类直流分布式微电源通过统一的接口接入直流路由器，经过DC/DC变换后汇流至直流母线输出，右侧储能装置包括蓄电池接驳箱、蓄电池组，储能装置起“削峰填谷”作用，当分布式微电源输出功率不足时，由储能装置补充，有效防止电压坍塌，在微电网系统中起一个重要的支撑作用。直流母线补偿装置能防止过电压及电压凹陷，抑制纹波，提高了直流母线电压稳定性以及整个微电网系统的可靠性。The 6 different types of DC distributed micro power sources on the left are connected to the DC router through a unified interface, and then converged to the DC bus output after DC/DC conversion. The energy storage device on the right includes a battery connection box and a battery pack. When the output power of the distributed micro-power supply is insufficient, it will be supplemented by the energy storage device to effectively prevent the voltage from collapsing and play an important supporting role in the micro-grid system. The DC bus compensation device can prevent overvoltage and voltage sag, suppress ripples, and improve the stability of the DC bus voltage and the reliability of the entire microgrid system.
直流路由器与微电源及直流母线相连。母线补偿装置、蓄电池接驳箱、DC/DC、DC/AC变换器与直流母线相连，直流母线完成能源的交换。能源管理平台通过CAN总线与直流路由器、母线补偿装置、蓄电池接驳箱、DC/DC、DC/AC变换器与相连，为整个微网系统的控制核心。蓄电池接驳箱为双向DC/DC变换装置，既可储存能量，也可为微电网提供能量，保持系统电压稳定。The DC router is connected with the micro power supply and the DC bus. The busbar compensation device, battery junction box, DC/DC, DC/AC converters are connected with the DC busbar, and the DC busbar completes the energy exchange. The energy management platform is connected to the DC router, bus compensation device, battery connection box, DC/DC, and DC/AC converter through the CAN bus, and is the control core of the entire microgrid system. The battery junction box is a bidirectional DC/DC conversion device, which can not only store energy, but also provide energy for the microgrid to keep the system voltage stable.
本发明的直流能源路由器由2个独立的路由箱和直流母线组成，所述路由箱包括3个相互独立的路由通道，可接入3路不同的微电源，所述路由通道由主电路、驱动电路、数据采集控制器、ARM控制器组成。The DC energy router of the present invention is composed of 2 independent routing boxes and DC busbars. The routing box includes 3 mutually independent routing channels, which can be connected to 3 different micro power sources. The routing channels are driven by the main circuit, Circuit, data acquisition controller, ARM controller.
主电路：用于接入分布式微电源，包含阻塞二极管D1、继电保护开关EM1、通道开关SS1、PWM调节开关等，构成一个降压BUCK型电路。Main circuit: used to connect to distributed micro power supply, including blocking diode D1, relay protection switch EM1, channel switch SS1, PWM adjustment switch, etc., forming a step-down BUCK circuit.
驱动电路：与控制器、继电保护控制器、继电保护开关EM1、通道开关SS1、IGBT驱动模块M57959相连，用于接收控制器及继电保护控制器的信号，控制继电保护开关、通道开关的接通与断开，调节输出电压电流。Drive circuit: connected with the controller, relay protection controller, relay protection switch EM1, channel switch SS1, and IGBT drive module M57959, used to receive signals from the controller and relay protection controller, and control the relay protection switch and channel The switch is turned on and off to adjust the output voltage and current.
控制器：与驱动电路、继电保护控制器、数据采集控制器相连，用于采集电压、电流反馈信号，并根据所述ARM控制器传递过来的远程给定信号进行运算，形成控制信号，当控制器处于通讯丢失情况下，可实行本地控制，保障系统稳定可靠运行。Controller: connected with the drive circuit, relay protection controller, and data acquisition controller, used to collect voltage and current feedback signals, and perform calculations according to the remote given signal transmitted by the ARM controller to form a control signal. When the controller is in the case of communication loss, local control can be implemented to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the system.
ARM控制器：与继电保护控制器及控制器相连，用于接收远程信号及传输本地数据。ARM controller: connected with the relay protection controller and the controller for receiving remote signals and transmitting local data.
基于能源路由器的微电网系统包括光伏、风力、燃料电池、热力、飞轮、压缩空气等直流分布式微电源，还包括直流路由器、能源管理平台、母线补偿装置、储能装置、能量变换装置。The energy router-based microgrid system includes DC distributed micro-power sources such as photovoltaics, wind power, fuel cells, thermal power, flywheels, and compressed air, as well as DC routers, energy management platforms, busbar compensation devices, energy storage devices, and energy conversion devices.
直流微电源：光伏、风力等直流分布式能源，微电网系统的输入端。DC micro power supply: photovoltaic, wind power and other DC distributed energy sources, the input end of the micro grid system.
直流能源路由器：微电网体系中心部件，完成直流能源的汇集及交换。DC energy router: the central component of the microgrid system, which completes the collection and exchange of DC energy.
能源管理平台：系统的控制核心，通过本地控制总线对整个微电网系统进行监控，动态控制微电源输出及微电网电力潮流分布。Energy management platform: the control core of the system, monitors the entire micro-grid system through the local control bus, and dynamically controls the output of micro-power sources and the power flow distribution of micro-grids.
母线补偿装置：对输出电压进行钳位，抑制电压波动及闪变。Bus bar compensation device: clamp the output voltage to suppress voltage fluctuation and flicker.
储能装置：包括蓄电池接驳箱，蓄电池组等，用于微电网系统能量存储及输出电压支撑，起“削峰填谷”的作用。Energy storage device: including battery junction boxes, battery packs, etc., used for energy storage and output voltage support of the microgrid system, and plays the role of "shaving peaks and filling valleys".
能量变换装置：包括DC/AC，DC/DC变换器，用于匹配负载，完成电能输出。Energy conversion device: including DC/AC, DC/DC converter, used to match the load and complete the output of electric energy.
另外，还可以把路由箱由2个扩展成3个，或者把蓄电池接驳箱、直流母线补偿装置、能源管理平台、DC/DC变换器、DC/AC变换器单独或部分或者全部集成至直流能源路由器，也视为同一方案。In addition, the routing box can be expanded from 2 to 3, or the battery connection box, DC bus compensation device, energy management platform, DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter can be individually or partially or fully integrated into the DC The energy router is also regarded as the same solution.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710802116.0ACN107591791A (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | A kind of micro-grid system based on DC energy source router |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710802116.0ACN107591791A (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | A kind of micro-grid system based on DC energy source router |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107591791Atrue CN107591791A (en) | 2018-01-16 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710802116.0APendingCN107591791A (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | A kind of micro-grid system based on DC energy source router |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN107591791A (en) |
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