技术领域technical field
本发明涉及人们日常佩戴的眼镜的制造工艺，尤其是涉及到一种钛镍形状记忆合金眼镜架中梁部件的制造工艺及设备。The invention relates to a manufacturing process of spectacles worn by people daily, in particular to a manufacturing process and equipment of a titanium-nickel shape memory alloy spectacle frame center beam component.
背景技术Background technique
作为新材料新技术的钛镍形状记忆合金因具有极好的超弹性、眼镜佩戴使用中可作大幅度弯曲变形而能恢复原形、以及优秀的耐蚀性及生物相溶性而与汗液不发生反应等优良的材料特性而在高档眼镜的消费领域有很大的研发和产业化需求。业界通常将钛镍(TiNi) 形状记忆合金线材用于制作高档钛合金眼镜的眼镜腿和中梁。As a new material and new technology, titanium-nickel shape memory alloy has excellent superelasticity, can be bent and deformed by a large amount during wearing and can be restored to its original shape, and has excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, so it does not react with sweat. There is a great demand for research and development and industrialization in the consumer field of high-end glasses due to its excellent material properties. The industry usually uses titanium-nickel (TiNi) shape memory alloy wires to make temples and bridges of high-grade titanium alloy glasses.
为了满足消费者对钛镍形状记忆合金眼镜架的功能特异性追求，眼镜业界经销商对厂家生产制造钛镍形状记忆合金眼镜架提出了例如图1、图2所示的钛镍形状记忆合金眼镜架测试要求。图1表示的测试要求包括：用手或测试装置分别夹持两镜框，按照图1中所示的箭头的方向扭曲眼镜架，至形成如图所示的两镜框间90度的角度，让镜架自然恢复到原位，数次重复这样的扭曲。图2表示的测试要求包括：将眼镜架如图所示的弯曲，至形成如图所示的两镜框间90度的角度，让镜架自然恢复到原位，数次重复这样的扭曲。In order to satisfy consumers' pursuit of specific functions for titanium-nickel shape memory alloy spectacle frames, dealers in the glasses industry have proposed titanium-nickel shape memory alloy spectacle frames such as those shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. rack test requirements. The test requirements shown in Figure 1 include: holding the two frames with hands or a test device, twisting the frames in the direction of the arrows shown in Figure 1 to form an angle of 90 degrees between the two frames as shown in the figure, so that the glasses The frame returns to its original position naturally, and this twist is repeated several times. The test requirements shown in Figure 2 include: bending the spectacle frame as shown in the figure to form an angle of 90 degrees between the two spectacle frames as shown in the figure, allowing the spectacle frame to return to its original position naturally, and repeating this twist several times.
这些的测试要求，对钛镍形状记忆合金眼镜架的中梁部件的超弹性和强度提出了较高的要求。所述的“中梁”通常包括指俗称的“鼻梁”。These test requirements have put forward higher requirements on the superelasticity and strength of the middle beam part of the titanium-nickel shape memory alloy spectacle frame. The "middle bridge" usually includes the commonly known "nose bridge".
由于钛镍形状记忆合金的材料特性，弯制工艺不同，则受力及应力响应不同，影响到钛镍合金段料内材料组织，即影响到成形后的中梁部件的超弹性性能表现。业界生产中通常采用的弯制工艺，将经过热处理的中梁钛镍形状记合金线段，呈两端桥架于下模，上模从居中拍打下来后变形弯曲。这样的工艺中，记忆合金段料内易形成局部应力集中和突变，造成晶体缺陷，影响段料内晶体组织的相变圴匀性，成形后的中梁配件的不能有较佳的超弹性性能表现。Due to the material properties of the titanium-nickel shape memory alloy, the bending process is different, the force and stress response are different, which affects the material structure in the titanium-nickel alloy segment, that is, affects the superelastic performance of the formed center beam component. The bending process commonly used in production in the industry is to put the heat-treated center beam of titanium-nickel alloy wire into the shape of a bridge at both ends on the lower mold, and the upper mold is deformed and bent after being knocked down from the center. In such a process, local stress concentration and mutations are easily formed in the memory alloy segment material, resulting in crystal defects, affecting the phase transformation uniformity of the crystal structure in the segment material, and the formed center beam accessories cannot have better superelastic properties. which performed.
由此而造成的产品缺陷，在前述的测试中，镜架不能自然恢复到原位，或者中梁容易折断。The product defects caused by this, in the aforementioned test, the mirror frame cannot naturally return to its original position, or the center beam is easily broken.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有的钛镍形状记忆合金眼镜架中梁部件弯制工艺的缺陷，本发明提供一种改进的钛镍形状记忆合金眼镜架中梁部件的制造工艺及设备。Aiming at the defects of the existing bending process of the middle beam part of the titanium-nickel shape memory alloy spectacle frame, the invention provides an improved manufacturing process and equipment for the middle beam part of the titanium-nickel shape memory alloy spectacle frame.
本发明一种钛镍形状记忆合金眼镜架的中梁部件的制造工艺，包括下料、清洗、滚筒、热处理等工序，其特征在于：将经过热处理的钛镍合金线段，在300℃～400℃下推入一热弯管(10)的入口端(11)，5～10秒推到所述热弯管(10)的出口端(12)，然后推入该出口端连接的一定形钢模中，在定形钢模中冷却至200℃以下出模。所述热弯管至少包括一内管、一加热层。所述内管具有一横截面为圆孔、其圆孔直径比钛镍合金线段直径大 0.1mm～0.2mm的圆滑通孔，所述圆滑通孔是从入口端至出口端其曲率由小至大渐进变化的三维空间螺旋形通孔。所述加热层是包覆或者缠绕在内管外用于给内管加热的电阻加热层。The invention discloses a manufacturing process of the center beam part of a titanium-nickel shape memory alloy spectacle frame, which includes blanking, cleaning, rolling, heat treatment and other processes, and is characterized in that the heat-treated titanium-nickel alloy wire section is heated at 300°C to 400°C Push down the inlet end (11) of a hot elbow (10), push it to the outlet end (12) of the hot elbow (10) in 5 to 10 seconds, and then push into the fixed steel mold connected to the outlet end In the process, cool down to below 200°C in the shaped steel mold and release the mold. The hot bend pipe at least includes an inner pipe and a heating layer. The inner tube has a round hole with a cross section whose diameter is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the titanium-nickel alloy line segment. The round hole has a curvature from the inlet end to the outlet end. Three-dimensional space spiral through hole with large gradual change. The heating layer is a resistance heating layer wrapped or wound outside the inner tube for heating the inner tube.
所述定形钢模具有形成在钢模内的一横截面为圆孔、其圆孔直径比钛镍合金线段直径大0.1mm～0.2mm、其曲率等于或小于镜架要求的中梁部件的曲率的曲线形通孔或者盲孔。所述的钢模模温保持在100℃～150℃。从定形钢模中分模而出定形后的中梁部件。The shaped steel mold has a circular hole with a cross section formed in the steel mold, the diameter of the circular hole is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the titanium-nickel alloy line segment, and the curvature is equal to or smaller than the curvature of the middle beam part required by the frame Curved through holes or blind holes. The mold temperature of the steel mold is maintained at 100°C to 150°C. Divide the shaped center beam parts from the shaped steel mold.
该中梁部件经过其与镜片框的连接部的再加工后，再经获得镀层后，或者连接可直接与镜片框焊接的材料部件，比如丝通，成为可与眼镜框焊接的中梁部件。After the reprocessing of the connection part between the center beam part and the lens frame, the plated layer is obtained, or a material part that can be directly welded to the lens frame, such as a wire, becomes a center beam part that can be welded to the spectacle frame.
应当理解的，针对不同Ti—Ni组分的记忆合金材料为获得超弹性有不同的热处理工艺，因而为实现上述制造工艺，不同Ti—Ni组分的记忆合金材料在将合金线段推入热弯通道前的热处理工序有不同的热处理工艺。It should be understood that memory alloy materials with different Ti-Ni components have different heat treatment processes to obtain superelasticity. Therefore, in order to realize the above-mentioned manufacturing process, memory alloy materials with different Ti-Ni components push the alloy line into the hot bending process. There are different heat treatment processes in the heat treatment process before the channel.
根据上述的制造工艺，本发明用于该工艺的设备，所述中梁部件的材料为钛镍合金线，所述中梁部件的加工参数包括与镜架相互配合加工的标准曲率，所述制造设备包括一热弯管、一定型钢模，所述热弯管至少包括一内管、一加热层；所述内管的横截面为圆孔、其圆孔直径比钛镍合金线直径大0.1mm～0.2mm，所述内管包括出口端以及入口端，所述圆孔是从其入口端至出口端曲率由小至大渐进变化的三维空间螺旋形通孔，所述入口端的曲率较小，所述出口端的曲率等于或小于中梁部件的标准曲率，所述加热层是包覆或者缠绕在内管外用于给内管加热的电阻加热层，所述定形钢模具有形成在钢模内的一横截面为圆孔、其圆孔直径比钛镍合金线段直径大0.1mm～0.2mm、其曲率等于或小于中梁部件的标准曲率，所述定形钢模包括上模以及下模，所述中梁部件能从定型钢模中分模出。还包括一设在热弯管入口端所在的立侧面的导管，以及一柔性推针和一刚性推针；导管用于引导和约束柔性推针以使其易于推进合金线段进入所述热弯管的内管；柔性推针与刚性推针焊接连接或套接连接；刚性推针使得易于推进或取出柔性推针。所述内管由金属管弯制成，外覆绝缘导热层，绝缘导热层中缠绕加热电阻丝，再外覆隔热保温层，绝缘导热层与加热电阻丝以及隔热保温层一起构成加热层。所述内管由耐热的非金属材料制成，所述内管由耐热玻璃或者耐热陶瓷材料制成。所述定形钢模的上模与下模各设有半圆截面的曲线槽，以便于所述中梁部件从定形钢模中分模出。According to the above-mentioned manufacturing process, the present invention is used for the equipment of this process, the material of the said center beam part is titanium-nickel alloy wire, the processing parameter of the said center beam part includes the standard curvature that cooperates with the mirror frame to be processed, and the manufacturing The equipment includes a hot bending pipe and a fixed steel mold. The hot bending pipe at least includes an inner pipe and a heating layer; the cross section of the inner pipe is a round hole, and the diameter of the round hole is 0.1mm larger than the diameter of the titanium-nickel alloy wire. ~0.2mm, the inner tube includes an outlet end and an inlet end, the circular hole is a three-dimensional space spiral through hole whose curvature gradually changes from small to large from the inlet end to the outlet end, and the curvature of the inlet end is small, The curvature of the outlet end is equal to or smaller than the standard curvature of the center beam part, the heating layer is a resistance heating layer coated or wound outside the inner tube for heating the inner tube, and the shaping steel mold has a A cross-section is a circular hole, the diameter of which is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the titanium-nickel alloy line segment, and its curvature is equal to or smaller than the standard curvature of the center beam part, and the shape-setting steel mold includes an upper mold and a lower mold. The center beam parts can be partly molded from the shaped steel mold. It also includes a conduit arranged on the vertical side where the inlet end of the hot bend is located, and a flexible push pin and a rigid push pin; the conduit is used to guide and constrain the flexible push pin so that it is easy to push the alloy wire segment into the heat bend The inner tube; the flexible push pin is welded or socketed to the rigid push pin; the rigid push pin makes it easy to advance or remove the flexible push pin. The inner tube is made of a metal pipe, covered with an insulating and heat-conducting layer, and a heating resistance wire is wound in the insulating and heat-conducting layer, and then covered with a heat-insulating layer. The insulating and heat-conducting layer together with the heating resistance wire and the heat-insulating layer constitute a heating layer . The inner tube is made of heat-resistant non-metallic material, and the inner tube is made of heat-resistant glass or heat-resistant ceramic material. The upper die and the lower die of the shape-setting steel mold are respectively provided with curved grooves with a semicircular cross-section, so that the middle beam part can be separated from the shape-setting steel mold.
由上述的制造工艺及相应的设备，在钛镍合金线段弯曲成形的过程中，从内管入口端先进入接近直线的小曲率的内管通孔，即一热弯弯道，逐渐渐进的推进到大曲率热弯弯道，钛镍合金线段从接近直线的小曲率渐进变形弯曲到大曲率，直到镜架要求的中梁部件的弯度；钛镍合金线段的变形应力是逐渐渐进的产生，并逐渐渐进的分布到整个合金线段，渐进变化的应力引导合金基体变形位错以及晶粒生长取向和分布也渐进有序产生并且圴匀分布；有益于超弹性相变的均匀性，使得超弹性有更好的表现。同时避免了在合金线段二端或者中部产生由剪切应力引起的材料缺陷，避免该中梁部件容易折断。相比较于现有技术，本发明的热弯管，克服了现有技术的上下钢模热弯通道由于分模缝隙形成的不顺滑，克服了上下钢模热弯通道调温保温的不准确、不方便的，并且因为本发明的热弯管的内管所形成的在三维空间上的曲率渐进变化的螺旋形热弯通道，钛镍合金线段的变形应力的逐渐渐进产生、以及逐渐渐进的分布到整个合金线段的效果更加好，相应于前面所述的测试中的多维度扭曲弯折，本发明的热弯设备，其渐进变化的应力引导合金基体变形位错以及晶粒生长取向和分布呈渐进有序产生并且圴匀分布的效果更好；更加有益于超弹性相变的均匀性，使得超弹性有更好的表现。With the above-mentioned manufacturing process and corresponding equipment, during the bending and forming process of the titanium-nickel alloy line segment, the inlet end of the inner tube first enters the through hole of the inner tube with a small curvature close to a straight line, that is, a hot bend, and gradually advances To the large curvature hot bending curve, the titanium-nickel alloy line segment is gradually deformed from a small curvature close to a straight line to a large curvature, until the curvature of the center beam part required by the frame; the deformation stress of the titanium-nickel alloy line segment is gradually generated, and Gradually and gradually distributed to the entire alloy line segment, the gradually changing stress induces the deformation of the alloy matrix, the dislocation and the grain growth orientation and distribution are also gradually and orderly generated and evenly distributed; it is beneficial to the uniformity of the superelastic phase transition, making the superelasticity better performance. At the same time, material defects caused by shear stress at the two ends or in the middle of the alloy line segment are avoided, and the center beam part is prevented from being easily broken. Compared with the prior art, the hot bending pipe of the present invention overcomes the unsmoothness of the hot bending channel of the upper and lower steel molds in the prior art due to the mold parting gap, and overcomes the inaccuracy of temperature regulation and heat preservation of the hot bending channel of the upper and lower steel molds , inconvenient, and because the inner pipe of the hot bending pipe of the present invention forms a spiral hot bending channel with a gradual change in curvature in three-dimensional space, the gradual and gradual generation of the deformation stress of the titanium-nickel alloy line segment, and the gradual and gradual The effect of distributing to the entire alloy line segment is better, corresponding to the multi-dimensional twisting and bending in the test mentioned above, the hot bending equipment of the present invention, its gradually changing stress guides the deformation dislocation of the alloy matrix and the grain growth orientation and distribution The effect of progressive and orderly generation and uniform distribution is better; it is more beneficial to the uniformity of superelastic phase transition, so that superelasticity has better performance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是用于本发明制造工艺的设备组件之一，热弯管的立体示意图；Fig. 1 is one of the equipment components used in the manufacturing process of the present invention, the three-dimensional schematic diagram of hot bending pipe;
图2是图1所示的热弯管的另一角度的立体示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of another angle of the hot bend shown in Fig. 1;
图3是图1所示的热弯管的内管的立体示意图；Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the inner pipe of the hot bending pipe shown in Fig. 1;
图4是图2所示内管的另一角度的立体示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of another angle of the inner tube shown in Fig. 2 .
具体实施方式detailed description
请结合参见图1、图2、图3、图4，其示出本发明一种钛镍形状记忆合金眼镜架部件的制造工艺及设备的一具体实施例中的热弯管。将直径为含Ti的原子比为43.7％的钛-镍形状记忆合金线材，下料成长度为30mm的线段，清洗，滚筒，在420℃热处理25分钟，在300℃将合金线段推入如后面所述的热弯管(10)的入口端(11)，5～10秒推至所述热弯管(10)的出口端(12)，然后推入该出口端连接的一定形钢模中，在定形钢模中冷却至150℃以下分模出模。定形钢模模温保持在100℃。Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 in combination, which show the hot bending tube in a specific embodiment of the manufacturing process and equipment of a titanium-nickel shape memory alloy spectacle frame component of the present invention. will have a diameter of The titanium-nickel shape memory alloy wire rod containing Ti with an atomic ratio of 43.7% is blanked into a wire segment with a length of 30 mm, cleaned, rolled, and heat-treated at 420° C. for 25 minutes, and the alloy wire segment is pushed into the following at 300° C. The inlet end (11) of the hot elbow (10) is pushed to the outlet end (12) of the hot elbow (10) in 5 to 10 seconds, and then pushed into the shaped steel mold connected to the outlet end, Cool in the steel mold to below 150°C and split the mold. The mold temperature of the shaped steel mold is maintained at 100°C.
为实现上述制造工艺，本实施例采用如下所述的设备：热弯管(10)包括一内管(13)、一加热层(14)。内管具有一横截面为圆孔、其圆孔直径比钛镍合金线段直径大 0.1mm～0.2mm的通孔(15)，该通孔是从入口端(11)至出口端(12)其曲率由小至大渐进变化的三维空间螺旋形通孔。加热层(14)包括缠绕在内管(13)外用于给内管加热的电阻丝(16)。这里的内管由金属管弯制成，外覆绝缘导热层，绝缘导热层中缠绕加热电阻丝，再外覆隔热保温层。绝缘导热层与加热电阻丝以及隔热保温层一起构成加热层(14)。在其它实施例，内管也可以由耐热的非金属材料制成，例如耐热玻璃或者耐热陶瓷。In order to realize the above-mentioned manufacturing process, the present embodiment adopts the following equipment: the hot bending pipe (10) includes an inner pipe (13) and a heating layer (14). The inner tube has a circular hole in cross section, a through hole (15) whose diameter is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the titanium-nickel alloy line segment. The through hole is from the inlet end (11) to the outlet end (12). A three-dimensional spiral through-hole whose curvature gradually changes from small to large. The heating layer (14) includes a resistance wire (16) wound outside the inner tube (13) for heating the inner tube. The inner pipe here is made of a metal pipe bend, covered with an insulating and heat-conducting layer, and the heating resistance wire is wound in the insulating and heat-conducting layer, and then covered with a heat-insulating and heat-preserving layer. The insulating and heat-conducting layer forms the heating layer (14) together with the heating resistance wire and the heat-insulating and heat-insulating layer. In other embodiments, the inner tube can also be made of heat-resistant non-metallic materials, such as heat-resistant glass or heat-resistant ceramics.
在本实施例，该内管的三维螺旋曲线形圆滑通孔的截面为直径的圆孔，具有比合金线料直径大0.1mm左右的变形滑动间隙。In this embodiment, the cross-section of the three-dimensional helical curved smooth through hole of the inner tube is diameter The round hole has a deformation sliding gap about 0.1mm larger than the diameter of the alloy wire.
所述定形钢模具有形成在钢模内的一横截面为圆孔其圆孔直径比钛镍合金线段直径大0.1mm、其曲率等于或稍小于镜架要求的中梁部件的曲率的曲线形通孔或者盲孔；定形钢模包括可拆分的两半，其两半各设有半圆截面的曲线槽，以便于所述中梁部件从定形钢模中分模出。The shaped steel mold has a cross-section formed in the steel mold with a circular hole whose diameter is 0.1mm larger than the diameter of the titanium-nickel alloy line section, and whose curvature is equal to or slightly smaller than the curvature of the middle beam part required by the mirror frame. Through holes or blind holes; the shaped steel mold includes two detachable halves, each of which is provided with a curved groove with a semicircular section, so that the center beam part can be separated from the shaped steel mold.
用于前述制造工艺的设备，且还包括一设在热弯管入口端所在的立侧面的导管，以及一柔性推针和一刚性推针；导管用于引导和约束柔性推针以使其易于推进合金线段进入所述热弯管的内管；柔性推针与刚性推针焊接连接或套接连接；刚性推针使得易于推进或取出柔性推针。The equipment used for the aforementioned manufacturing process, and also includes a guide tube located on the vertical side where the inlet end of the hot bend tube is located, and a flexible push pin and a rigid push pin; the guide tube is used to guide and constrain the flexible push pin so that it is easy to The alloy wire segment is advanced into the inner tube of the thermobend; the flexible push pin is welded or socketed to the rigid push pin; the rigid push pin makes it easy to push in or take out the flexible push pin.
该中梁部件经过其与镜片框的连接部的再加工后，再经获得镀层后，或者连接可直接与镜片框焊接的材料部件，比如丝通，成为可与眼镜框焊接的中梁部件。制成的眼镜架可顺利通过如前所述的图1、图2所示的测试，并且可作超出所述测试要求的变形更大的弯曲和扭曲，超弹性表现更佳。对于有另外的弯度的眼镜架中梁，可选择本工艺制作出的弯度作为所述测试中变形量最大的弯度，在此基础上再作另一弯度的变形。After the reprocessing of the connection part between the center beam part and the lens frame, the plated layer is obtained, or a material part that can be directly welded to the lens frame, such as a wire, becomes a center beam part that can be welded to the spectacle frame. The manufactured spectacle frame can successfully pass the test shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as mentioned above, and can be bent and twisted with greater deformation beyond the test requirements, and the performance of superelasticity is better. For the middle beam of the spectacle frame with another curvature, the curvature produced by this process can be selected as the curvature with the largest deformation amount in the test, and another curvature deformation can be made on this basis.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710773149.7ACN107520297A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | The manufacturing process and equipment of beam parts in a kind of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy glasses frame |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710773149.7ACN107520297A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | The manufacturing process and equipment of beam parts in a kind of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy glasses frame |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107520297Atrue CN107520297A (en) | 2017-12-29 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710773149.7APendingCN107520297A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | The manufacturing process and equipment of beam parts in a kind of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy glasses frame |
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| CN (1) | CN107520297A (en) |
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