技术领域technical field
本发明属于控制理论与控制工程领域，具体涉及虚拟电厂的信息运行与调度。The invention belongs to the field of control theory and control engineering, and specifically relates to information operation and scheduling of a virtual power plant.
背景技术Background technique
随着分布式可再生能源的快速发展，需求侧管理和虚拟电厂(virtual powerplant，VPP)已经成为由智能电网向能源互联网迈进的关键因素[1],其中虚拟电厂是最为重要的技术。虚拟电厂技术是指通过虚拟控制中心将可控负荷、分布式电源(distributedelectric resource，DER)和储能系统有机结合起来，让它们在电网中以特殊电厂的身份参与运行。With the rapid development of distributed renewable energy, demand side management and virtual power plant (virtual power plant, VPP) have become the key factors for moving from smart grid to energy Internet [1], among which virtual power plant is the most important technology. Virtual power plant technology refers to the organic combination of controllable loads, distributed electric resources (DER) and energy storage systems through a virtual control center, allowing them to participate in the operation as special power plants in the grid.
但是目前的虚拟电厂运行过程中都存在一些共性的问题：(1)虚拟电厂需要聚合不同区域的分布式能源，因此需要应对绿色能源的随机性、波动性、间歇性的特点，并且由于电力作为一种特殊的商品，它不可储存，必须即产即用，因此在虚拟电厂进行分布式能源的动态组合时很难达到理想的利用率和整体效益。(2)虚拟电厂作为电力市场的重要组成部分，在参与电力市场交易的过程中有着积极的作用。但目前虚拟电厂中的利益分配机制是不对外界公开的，并且分布式能源和虚拟电厂之间无法形成信息对称的双向选择，使得在电力交易过程中信用成本增加，交易成本较高。(3)在现有的体系中，虚拟电厂通过双向通信技术来实现发电侧、需求侧、电力交易市场等各个部分的信息与数据的调度。但是缺乏一套针对虚拟电厂信息安全的保障体系，存在关键数据的非授权获取和恶意篡改风险。However, there are some common problems in the current virtual power plant operation process: (1) The virtual power plant needs to aggregate distributed energy sources in different regions, so it needs to deal with the randomness, volatility, and intermittent characteristics of green energy, and because electricity is used as It is a special commodity that cannot be stored and must be used immediately, so it is difficult to achieve the ideal utilization rate and overall benefit when the virtual power plant performs dynamic combination of distributed energy. (2) As an important part of the electricity market, virtual power plants play an active role in the process of participating in electricity market transactions. However, the benefit distribution mechanism in virtual power plants is not open to the outside world, and there is no two-way choice between distributed energy and virtual power plants with symmetrical information, which increases credit costs and high transaction costs in the process of power transactions. (3) In the existing system, the virtual power plant uses two-way communication technology to realize the dispatch of information and data in various parts such as the power generation side, the demand side, and the power trading market. However, there is a lack of a guarantee system for virtual power plant information security, and there are risks of unauthorized access to key data and malicious tampering.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述虚拟电厂的问题，本发明提供了一种基于能源区块链网络的虚拟电厂运行模型。In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems of the virtual power plant, the present invention provides a virtual power plant operation model based on the energy block chain network.
本发明采用以下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种能源区块链网络，建立八元组的能源区块链网络EBN，EBN为一个八元组：An energy blockchain network that establishes an octet energy blockchain network EBN, where EBN is an octet:
EBN＝(G,P,CPSIB,CETB,IC,T,α,β)EBN＝(G,P,CPSIB ,CETB ,IC,T,α,β)
其中，in,
1)G＝{gi|i∈N+}为发电单元的有限集，gi为第i个发电单元；1) G={gi |i∈N+ } is a finite set of power generation units, and gi is the i-th power generation unit;
2)P＝{pj|j∈N+}为用电单元的有限集，pj为第j个用电单元；2) P={pj |j∈N+ } is a finite set of power consumption units, and pj is the jth power consumption unit;
3)CPSIB为供电索引区块链；3) CPSIB is the index blockchain for power supply;
4)CETB为电力交易区块链；4) CETB is the electricity trading blockchain;
5)IC为智能合约；5) IC is a smart contract;
6)T＝{tk|tk∈G×P,k∈N+}为电力交易集，G×P为G和P的笛卡尔集，tk表示第k笔电力交易的信息；6) T={tk |tk ∈ G×P,k∈N+ } is the power transaction set, G×P is the Cartesian set of G and P, and tk represents the information of the kth power transaction;
7)α:G→CPSIB为G到CPSIB的映射；7) α:G→CPSIB is the mapping from G to CPSIB ;
8)β:T→CETB为T到CETB的映射；8) β:T→CETB is the mapping from T to CETB ;
其中，所有的发电单元和所有的供电单元构成EBN的节点集，且每个供电节点和每个发电接点在加入EBN时同时提交自身信息；Among them, all power generation units and all power supply units constitute the node set of EBN, and each power supply node and each power generation contact submit their own information at the same time when joining EBN;
根据能源区块网络EBN，所有的发电单元G根据映射α形成供电索引区块链CPSIB；所有的发电单元G和用电单元P的交易过程形成电力交易集T，并根据映射β形成电力交易区块链CETB，在T形成的过程中，所有的用电单元P和发电单元G根据具体的智能合约IC完成交易。According to the energy block network EBN, all power generation units G form a power supply index blockchain CPSIB according to the mapping α; the transaction process of all power generation units G and power consumption units P forms a power transaction set T, and forms a power transaction according to the mapping β Blockchain CETB , in the process of T formation, all power consumption units P and power generation units G complete transactions according to the specific smart contract IC.
所述供电索引区块链为：The power supply index blockchain is:
CPSIB＝(C；PSCA)CPSIB = (C; PSCA)
其中C为原始区块链，PSCA为供电共识算法；Where C is the original blockchain, and PSCA is the power supply consensus algorithm;
所述通过供电共识算法构建CPSIB的方法为：The method for constructing CPSIB through the power supply consensus algorithm is:
步骤1：所有供电节点向EBN全网持续广播带有发送者ID的供电信息数据；Step 1: All power supply nodes continuously broadcast the power supply information data with the sender ID to the entire EBN network;
步骤2：所有供电节点均独立监听EBN全网数据并记录；Step 2: All power supply nodes independently monitor and record EBN network-wide data;
步骤3：每隔时间间隔t，各供电节点均将自己的信息：<PerpareRequest，ID，m，g，r，s>发送到EBN，其中m为发电能力，g表示是否可再生能源，r表示售电价格，s为发电稳定程度；Step 3: Every time interval t, each power supply node sends its own information: <PerpareRequest, ID, m, g, r, s> to EBN, where m is the power generation capacity, g indicates whether it is renewable energy, and r indicates Electricity sales price, s is the stability of power generation;
步骤4：各供电节点记录接收到的供电节点信息后，根据设定的权重自动计算自身权值和接收到的各供电节点的权值，并选择出权值最大的节点，向EBN发送该权值最大的供电节点的信息：<PerpareResponse，ID，m，g，r，s，w>，其中w为该节点的权值，即各特征项的权值累加；Step 4: After recording the received power supply node information, each power supply node automatically calculates its own weight and the received weight of each power supply node according to the set weight, and selects the node with the largest weight, and sends the weight to EBN The information of the power supply node with the largest value: <PerpareResponse, ID, m, g, r, s, w>, where w is the weight of the node, that is, the weight accumulation of each feature item;
步骤5：任意供电节点收到超过n个相同的最大权值的供电节点信息后，共识达成，同时由该权值最大的节点记录并添加本次形成的新区块；Step 5: After any power supply node receives more than n power supply node information with the same maximum weight, a consensus is reached, and the node with the largest weight records and adds the new block formed this time;
步骤6：新区块完成后，各节点将之前的信息删除，并开始下一轮共识。Step 6: After the new block is completed, each node deletes the previous information and starts the next round of consensus.
所述电力交易区块链为：The power transaction blockchain is:
CETB＝(C；ETCA)CETB = (C;ETCA)
其中C为原始区块链，ETCA为电力交易共识算法；Among them, C is the original blockchain, and ETCA is the electricity transaction consensus algorithm;
所述通过电力交易共识算法构建CETB的方法为：The method of constructing CETB through the power trading consensus algorithm is as follows:
步骤1：参与交易的节点向EBN全网持续广播带有发送者ID的交易信息数据；Step 1: The nodes participating in the transaction continuously broadcast the transaction information data with the sender ID to the entire EBN network;
步骤2：所有的节点均独立监听EBN全网数据并记录；Step 2: All nodes independently monitor and record EBN network-wide data;
步骤3：每隔时间间隔t，各节点均将自己的信息：<PerpareRequest，PID，DID，m，s，l，c>，发送到EBN中，其中PID为用电单元PU的ID，DID为发电单元GU的ID，p为用电量，s为负载稳定程度，l为耗损量，c为交易价格；Step 3: Every time interval t, each node sends its own information: <PerpareRequest, PID, DID, m, s, l, c> to EBN, where PID is the ID of the power consumption unit PU, and DID is The ID of the power generation unit GU, p is the power consumption, s is the load stability, l is the consumption, and c is the transaction price;
步骤4：各节点记录接收到的供电节点的信息后，根据设定的权重计算自身的权值和接收到的各节点的权值，并选择出权值最大的节点，并向EBN发送该节点的信息：<PerpareResponse，PID，DID，m，s，l，c，w>；w为该节点的权值，即各特征项的权值累加；Step 4: After each node records the received information of the power supply node, it calculates its own weight and the received weight of each node according to the set weight, selects the node with the largest weight, and sends the node to EBN Information: <PerpareResponse, PID, DID, m, s, l, c, w>; w is the weight of the node, that is, the weight accumulation of each feature item;
步骤5：任意节点收到超过n个相同的最大权值的供电节点信息后，共识达成同时由该权值最大的节点记录并添加本次形成的新区块；Step 5: After any node receives more than n power supply node information with the same maximum weight, a consensus is reached and the node with the largest weight records and adds the new block formed this time;
步骤6：新区块完成后，各节点将之前的信息删除，并开始下一轮共识。Step 6: After the new block is completed, each node deletes the previous information and starts the next round of consensus.
所述智能合约IC为：The smart contract IC is:
I＝Min[(M*P)*PS*(1-G)]I=Min[(M*P)*PS*(1-G)]
其中，I为预设的数值，M是某种能源类型的发电量；P为该能源类型发电的价格；PS为该能源类型发电的稳定程度；G是对应的环保指数。Among them, I is a preset value, M is the power generation capacity of a certain energy type; P is the price of power generation of this energy type; PS is the stability of power generation of this energy type; G is the corresponding environmental protection index.
所述供电节点和发电接点在加入EBN时同时提交的自身信息至少包括身份ID、账户、最大发电额度、能源类型、地理位置。The self-information submitted by the power supply node and the power generation contact at the same time when joining the EBN includes at least ID, account, maximum power generation amount, energy type, and geographical location.
一种基于能源区块链网络的虚拟电厂运行与调度方法，EBN能源区块链网络实时获取用电需求信息，并每隔一定的时间间隔，将信息打包形成一个区块，形成供电索引区块链，进而形成发电计划；A virtual power plant operation and scheduling method based on the energy block chain network. The EBN energy block chain network obtains electricity demand information in real time, and packs the information into a block at regular intervals to form a power supply index block Chain, and then form a power generation plan;
发电单元检索供电索引区块链的最新区块，获取区块中各用电单元的发电计划，根据不同的智能合约达成不同的交易结果；The power generation unit retrieves the latest block of the power supply index blockchain, obtains the power generation plan of each power consumption unit in the block, and reaches different transaction results according to different smart contracts;
发电单元根据交易内容完成发电任务，并进行电力配送。The power generation unit completes the power generation task according to the transaction content, and conducts power distribution.
所述供电索引区块链的各区块为：EBN能源区块链在设定时间间隔t内获取的用电单元的用电信息；Each block of the power supply index block chain is: the power consumption information of the power consumption unit obtained by the EBN energy block chain within the set time interval t;
发电单元搜索供电索引区块链中的最新区块，获取用电单元的用电信息，并根据智能合约达成交易结果。The power generation unit searches the latest block in the power supply index blockchain, obtains the power consumption information of the power consumption unit, and reaches a transaction result according to the smart contract.
本发明的有益效果：与现有虚拟电厂相比，本发明可有效地解决上述的共性问题：可实时反映需求侧信息；可根据海量数据进行环境友好的发电计划；更有利于虚拟电厂的信息透明和稳定调度；确保数据安全和存储安全。Beneficial effects of the present invention: Compared with the existing virtual power plant, the present invention can effectively solve the above-mentioned common problems: it can reflect demand side information in real time; it can carry out environmentally friendly power generation plan according to massive data; it is more conducive to the information of virtual power plant Transparent and stable scheduling; ensure data security and storage security.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为能源区块链网络。Figure 1 shows the energy blockchain network.
图2为供电索引区块链结构。Figure 2 shows the blockchain structure of the power supply index.
图3为电力交易区块链结构。Figure 3 shows the blockchain structure of electricity trading.
图4为虚拟电厂模型。Figure 4 is a virtual power plant model.
图5为虚拟电厂运行过程。Figure 5 shows the running process of the virtual power plant.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
区块链本质上是分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制、加密算法等计算机技术的融合与创新。简单来说，区块链是一种由任意多的节点通过密码学方式，以去中心化、去信任化的方式，来集体维护一个可靠数据库的技术方案。区块链的数据结构主要分为两个部分：1)区块头，主要包含上一个区块的哈希散列值，用来连接前一区块，保证区块链的完整性；2)区块主体，包含本区块的主要信息(例如交易信息)，这些信息和上一个区块的哈希散列值以及随机数共同构成本区块的哈希散列值。Blockchain is essentially the integration and innovation of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. To put it simply, blockchain is a technical solution in which any number of nodes collectively maintain a reliable database in a decentralized and trustless manner through cryptography. The data structure of the blockchain is mainly divided into two parts: 1) the block header, which mainly contains the hash value of the previous block, which is used to connect the previous block to ensure the integrity of the blockchain; 2) the block header The block body contains the main information of this block (such as transaction information), which together with the hash value of the previous block and the random number constitute the hash value of this block.
区块链的数据结构使得链上每个区块的信息都可以由前驱节点追溯，并影响后继节点的信息构成，由密码学方法保证了恶意攻击无法篡改信息，确保数据的安全性和完整性。The data structure of the blockchain enables the information of each block on the chain to be traced back by the predecessor node and affects the information of the successor node. The cryptographic method ensures that malicious attacks cannot tamper with the information and ensures the security and integrity of the data. .
由于区块链呈现出的诸多特性，如去中心化、集体维护性、智能合约、安全可信等，为分布式能源并网的数据互操作和信息安全问题提供了新的解决方案，也使得区块链技术在能源交易与虚拟电厂中的应用成为了可能。Due to the many characteristics of the blockchain, such as decentralization, collective maintenance, smart contracts, security and credibility, etc., it provides a new solution for data interoperability and information security issues in distributed energy grid integration, and also makes The application of blockchain technology in energy transactions and virtual power plants has become possible.
本发明首先提出一种能源区块链模型EBN，如图1所示，EBN为一个八元组：The present invention first proposes an energy block chain model EBN, as shown in Figure 1, EBN is an octet:
EBN＝(G,P,CPSIB,CETB,IC,T,α,β)EBN＝(G,P,CPSIB ,CETB ,IC,T,α,β)
其中，in,
1)G＝{gi|i∈N+}为发电单元的有限集，gi为第i个发电单元；1) G={gi |i∈N+ } is a finite set of power generation units, and gi is the i-th power generation unit;
2)P＝{pj|j∈N+}为用电单元的有限集，pj为第j个用电单元；2) P={pj |j∈N+ } is a finite set of power consumption units, and pj is the jth power consumption unit;
3)CPSIB为供电索引区块链；3) CPSIB is the index blockchain for power supply;
4)CETB为电力交易区块链；4) CETB is the electricity trading blockchain;
5)IC为智能合约；5) IC is a smart contract;
6)T＝{tk|tk∈G×P,k∈N+}为电力交易集，G×P为G和P的笛卡尔集，，tk表示第k笔电力交易的信息；6) T={tk |tk ∈ G×P,k∈N+ } is the power transaction set, G×P is the Cartesian set of G and P, and tk represents the information of the kth power transaction;
7)α:G→CPSIB为G到CPSIB的映射；7) α:G→CPSIB is the mapping from G to CPSIB ;
8)β:T→CETB为T到CETB的映射。8) β:T→CETB is the mapping from T to CETB .
在EBN中，所有发电单元(Generating unit，GU)和用电单元(Power unit，PU)构成EBN的节点集，每一个发电单元gi和每一个用电单元pj在加入EBN时提交自身相关信息，如身份ID、账户、最大发电额度、能源类型(新能源/传统能源)、地理位置等，用于EBN的认证并获得特定ID作为唯一的身份标识，参与到EBN和虚拟电厂运行与调度的协作中，其中供电索引区块链CPSIB和电力交易区块链CETB是全网数据互操作的核心。In EBN, all generating units (GU) and power units (PU) constitute the node set of EBN, and each generating unit gi and each power unit pj submit their own related Information, such as identity ID, account, maximum power generation amount, energy type (new energy/traditional energy), geographical location, etc., is used for EBN certification and obtains a specific ID as a unique identity, and participates in the operation and scheduling of EBN and virtual power plants In the collaboration, the power supply index blockchain CPSIB and the power transaction blockchain CETB are the core of data interoperability across the network.
在使用能源区块链网络进行能源交易时，根据形成的能源区块网络EBN模型，所有的发电单元G根据映射α形成供电索引区块链CPSIB；所有的发电单元G和用电单元P的交易过程形成电力交易集T，并根据映射β形成电力交易区块链CETB，在T形成的过程中，所有的用电单元P和发电单元G根据具体的智能合约IC完成交易。When using the energy block chain network for energy transactions, according to the formed energy block network EBN model, all power generation units G form a power supply index block chain CPSIB according to the mapping α; all power generation units G and power consumption units P The transaction process forms a power transaction set T, and forms a power transaction blockchain CETB according to the mapping β. During the formation of T, all power consumption units P and power generation units G complete transactions according to specific smart contract ICs.
上述的供电索引区块链为：The aforementioned powered index blockchain is:
CPSIB＝(C；PSCA)CPSIB = (C; PSCA)
其中C为原始区块链，PSCA为供电共识算法，通过共识算法构件新的区块链，连接在上一个区块链之后，搜索时，在最新的区块中搜索。区块链的结构如图2所示。Among them, C is the original blockchain, and PSCA is the power supply consensus algorithm. A new blockchain is built through the consensus algorithm, connected to the previous blockchain, and when searching, search in the latest block. The structure of the blockchain is shown in Figure 2.
供电共识算法如下述，通过供电共识算法，能够每个时间间隔t生成新的区块，最终形成区块链。The power supply consensus algorithm is as follows. Through the power supply consensus algorithm, a new block can be generated every time interval t, and finally a blockchain is formed.
步骤1：所有供电节点均需要向EBN全网持续广播供电信息数据，并附上发送者的ID；Step 1: All power supply nodes need to continuously broadcast power supply information data to the entire EBN network, and attach the ID of the sender;
步骤2：所有供电节点均独立监听EBN全网数据并记录；Step 2: All power supply nodes independently monitor and record EBN network-wide data;
步骤3：每隔时间间隔t，各供电节点均将自己的信息：<PerpareRequest，ID，m，g，r，s>发送到EBN，其中m为发电能力，g表示是否可再生能源，r表示售电价格，s为发电稳定程度；Step 3: Every time interval t, each power supply node sends its own information: <PerpareRequest, ID, m, g, r, s> to EBN, where m is the power generation capacity, g indicates whether it is renewable energy, and r indicates Electricity sales price, s is the stability of power generation;
步骤4：各供电节点记录接收到的供电节点信息后，根据设定的权重自动计算自身权值和接收到的各供电节点的权值，并选择出权值最大的节点，向EBN发送该权值最大的供电节点的信息：<PerpareResponse，ID，m，g，r，s，w>，其中w为该节点的权值，即各特征项的权值累加；Step 4: After recording the received power supply node information, each power supply node automatically calculates its own weight and the received weight of each power supply node according to the set weight, and selects the node with the largest weight, and sends the weight to EBN The information of the power supply node with the largest value: <PerpareResponse, ID, m, g, r, s, w>, where w is the weight of the node, that is, the weight accumulation of each feature item;
步骤5：任意供电节点收到超过n个相同的最大权值的供电节点信息后，共识达成；Step 5: After any power supply node receives more than n power supply node information with the same maximum weight, consensus is reached;
即在某次新区块形成的过程中，如果网络中超过有n个节点都认同某个节点的权值最大，那么这个节点就被认为有权利记录并打包该时间段内的所有的节点信息，将这些信息通过加密操作之后形成一个新的区块，并将其连接到区块链上，共识达成。That is, in the process of forming a new block, if more than n nodes in the network agree that a certain node has the largest weight, then this node is considered to have the right to record and pack all the node information within that time period, After the information is encrypted, a new block is formed, and it is connected to the blockchain, and a consensus is reached.
步骤6：新区块完成后，各节点将之前的信息删除，并开始下一轮共识。Step 6: After the new block is completed, each node deletes the previous information and starts the next round of consensus.
作为一种实施例，上述的步骤4中的个特征项的参数可设置为下表1：As an embodiment, the parameters of the feature items in the above step 4 can be set to the following table 1:
表1 供电共识权值Table 1 Consensus weight of power supply
在实际应用中，上述共识算法的特征项和权重可以根据情况而调整。如可以提高绿色能源的权重，使得更多的电力供应商倾向于向绿色能源方面转型；或者提高损耗量的权重，使用户在选择供能单元时尽可能少地使用价格低但消耗大的单元。In practical applications, the feature items and weights of the above consensus algorithm can be adjusted according to the situation. For example, the weight of green energy can be increased, so that more power suppliers tend to transition to green energy; or the weight of loss can be increased, so that users can use as little as possible units with low prices but high consumption when choosing energy supply units .
电力交易是虚拟电厂运行过程中非常重要的部分。当PU从PSIB中获得GU信息并形成交易后，每一笔交易信息都将发送到EBN，并在每隔一段时间后将全部交易信息汇总为一个区块，连接在ETB上，形成电力交易区块链。Power trading is a very important part of the operation of virtual power plants. When PU obtains GU information from PSIB and forms a transaction, each transaction information will be sent to EBN, and after a certain period of time, all transaction information will be summarized into a block, which will be connected to ETB to form a power transaction area blockchain.
如图3所示，本发明的电力交易区块链为：As shown in Figure 3, the power transaction block chain of the present invention is:
CETB＝(C；ETCA)CETB = (C;ETCA)
其中C为原始区块链，ETCA为电力交易共识算法(见算法2)，ETB的数据结构如图5。Among them, C is the original blockchain, ETCA is the electricity transaction consensus algorithm (see Algorithm 2), and the data structure of ETB is shown in Figure 5.
电力交易共识算法如下述，通过电力交易共识算法，能够每个时间间隔t生成新的包含交易信息的区块，最终形成电力交易区块链。The power trading consensus algorithm is as follows. Through the power trading consensus algorithm, a new block containing transaction information can be generated every time interval t, and finally a power trading blockchain is formed.
步骤1：参与交易的节点向EBN全网持续广播带有发送者ID的交易信息数据；Step 1: The nodes participating in the transaction continuously broadcast the transaction information data with the sender ID to the entire EBN network;
步骤2：所有的节点均独立监听EBN全网数据并记录；Step 2: All nodes independently monitor and record EBN network-wide data;
步骤3：每隔时间间隔t，各节点均将自己的信息：<PerpareRequest，PID，DID，m，s，l，c>，发送到EBN中，其中PID为用电单元PU的ID，DID为发电单元GU的ID，p为用电量，s为负载稳定程度，l为耗损量，c为交易价格；Step 3: Every time interval t, each node sends its own information: <PerpareRequest, PID, DID, m, s, l, c> to EBN, where PID is the ID of the power consumption unit PU, and DID is The ID of the power generation unit GU, p is the power consumption, s is the load stability, l is the consumption, and c is the transaction price;
步骤4：各节点记录接收到的供电节点的信息后，根据设定的权重计算自身的权值和接收到的各节点的权值，并选择出权值最大的节点，并向EBN发送该节点的信息：<PerpareResponse，PID，DID，m，s，l，c，w>；w为该节点的权值，即各特征项的权值累加；Step 4: After each node records the received information of the power supply node, it calculates its own weight and the received weight of each node according to the set weight, selects the node with the largest weight, and sends the node to EBN Information: <PerpareResponse, PID, DID, m, s, l, c, w>; w is the weight of the node, that is, the weight accumulation of each feature item;
步骤5：任意节点收到超过n个相同的最大权值的供电节点信息后，共识达成同时由该权值最大的节点记录并添加本次形成的新区块；n为正整数。Step 5: After any node receives more than n power supply node information with the same maximum weight, a consensus is reached and the node with the largest weight records and adds the new block formed this time; n is a positive integer.
即在某次新区块形成的过程中，如果网络中超过有n个节点都认同某个节点的权值最大，那么这个节点就被认为有权利记录并打包该时间段内的所有的节点信息，将这些信息通过加密操作之后形成一个新的区块，并将其连接到区块链上，共识达成。That is, in the process of forming a new block, if more than n nodes in the network agree that a certain node has the largest weight, then this node is considered to have the right to record and pack all the node information within that time period, After the information is encrypted, a new block is formed, and it is connected to the blockchain, and a consensus is reached.
步骤6：新区块完成后，各节点将之前的信息删除，并开始下一轮共识。Step 6: After the new block is completed, each node deletes the previous information and starts the next round of consensus.
上述的步骤4中，各特征项的权重可选择为下表2所示。In the above step 4, the weight of each feature item can be selected as shown in Table 2 below.
表2 电力交易共识权值Table 2 Power transaction consensus weight
Table 2Weight coefficient of ETCATable 2Weight coefficient of ETCA
本发明还需要通过智能合约(Intelligent Contract,IC)达成交易。The present invention also needs to reach a transaction through an intelligent contract (Intelligent Contract, IC).
EBN的智能合约IC蕴含以下数量关系：EBN's smart contract IC implies the following quantitative relationship:
I＝Min[(M*P)*PS*(1-G)]I=Min[(M*P)*PS*(1-G)]
其中I是为了使模型达到环境友好的发电计划，综合权衡各方面的因素之后得到的最优值；M是某种能源类型(如风电、水电)的发电量；P为该能源类型发电的价格；PS为该能源类型发电的稳定程度；G是对应的环保指数。在这项智能合约中，发电侧的稳定性PS不得小于用电稳定性需求LS，否则应排除该发电类型。该合约可根据具体的环境和社会需求不同而调整。Among them, I is the optimal value obtained after comprehensively weighing various factors in order to make the model achieve an environmentally friendly power generation plan; M is the power generation capacity of a certain energy type (such as wind power, hydropower); P is the price of power generation of this energy type ; PS is the stability of power generation of this energy type; G is the corresponding environmental protection index. In this smart contract, the stability PS of the power generation side must not be less than the power consumption stability requirement LS, otherwise this type of power generation should be excluded. The contract can be tailored to specific environmental and social needs.
本发明还提供一种将上述的EBN模型应用于现有的虚拟电厂中进行调度运行的模型(EBN based virtual power plant，EBN-VPP)，该模型将EBN加入到虚拟电厂的系统中，使得EBN成为整个虚拟电厂的信息交互和数据存储中心，有效地将区块链在数据存储、信息安全、数据互操作性中的优势引入到虚拟电厂中。The present invention also provides a model (EBN based virtual power plant, EBN-VPP) that applies the above-mentioned EBN model to an existing virtual power plant for scheduling operation. The model adds EBN to the virtual power plant system, so that EBN Become the information interaction and data storage center of the entire virtual power plant, effectively introducing the advantages of blockchain in data storage, information security, and data interoperability into the virtual power plant.
如图4所示，该虚拟电厂运行与调度模型不仅包括现有的VPP、TSO和电厂，还包括EBN网络。如图5所示，为EBN-VPP的运行过程。As shown in Figure 4, the virtual power plant operation and scheduling model includes not only the existing VPP, TSO and power plants, but also the EBN network. As shown in Figure 5, it is the running process of EBN-VPP.
将EBN网络应用到现有的虚拟电厂中时，需要根据区块链原理构造供电索引区块链PSIB和电力交易区块链ETB；并且基于POS权益证明方法提出供电共识算法PSCA和电力交易共识算法ETB。PSCA和ETB组合形成能源区块链网络EBN，并且将其融入到虚拟电厂的运行和调度过程中去，形成EBN-VPP模型。EBN-VPP根据虚拟电厂具体的运行环境，收集并形成发电计划，并根据智能合约达成不同的交易结果。When applying the EBN network to the existing virtual power plant, it is necessary to construct the power supply index blockchain PSIB and the power transaction blockchain ETB according to the blockchain principle; and propose the power supply consensus algorithm PSCA and the power transaction consensus algorithm based on the POS equity proof method ETB. The combination of PSCA and ETB forms the energy blockchain network EBN, and integrates it into the operation and scheduling process of the virtual power plant to form the EBN-VPP model. EBN-VPP collects and forms a power generation plan according to the specific operating environment of the virtual power plant, and reaches different transaction results according to the smart contract.
具体过程如下：The specific process is as follows:
(1)参与到VPP系统的各个用电单元PU将各自的用电需求信息提交到交易市场；或者通过智能电表将该PU之前的用电信息自动上传，通过交易市场的辅助服务将用电信息经过计算而形成科学的用电需求，再提交到交易市场。(1) Each power consumption unit PU participating in the VPP system submits its own power consumption demand information to the trading market; or automatically uploads the previous power consumption information of the PU through a smart meter, and sends the power consumption information After calculation, the scientific electricity demand is formed, and then submitted to the trading market.
(2)各交易市场将所有的用电交易信息汇总后，传输到EBN网络。EBN网络通过对于各种信息(用电请求、天气状况、用电单位性质、市场波动等)的整合后，将一定时间段内的信息打包成为一个区块，最终形成了供电索引区块链PSIB，进而形成下一步的发电计划。为了提高在形成发电计划的过程中的科学性和准确性，需要不断地增加和丰富PSIB链中的区块中所包含的信息，并不断优化和改善相关算法。(2) Each trading market aggregates all electricity transaction information and transmits it to the EBN network. After integrating various information (electricity request, weather conditions, nature of power consumption units, market fluctuations, etc.), the EBN network packs the information within a certain period of time into a block, and finally forms the power supply index blockchain PSIB , and then form the next generation plan. In order to improve the scientificity and accuracy in the process of forming a power generation plan, it is necessary to continuously increase and enrich the information contained in the blocks in the PSIB chain, and to continuously optimize and improve related algorithms.
(3)再生成了发电计划之后，VPP中的各GU开始进行竞标，在竞价过程中综合考虑具体的用电场景以及各发电单位的性质和参数，制定一个智能合约。通过智能合约可以达到根据不同的情形到达不同交易结果。(3) After generating the power generation plan, each GU in the VPP begins to bid. During the bidding process, the specific power consumption scenarios and the nature and parameters of each power generation unit are comprehensively considered to formulate a smart contract. Through smart contracts, different transaction results can be achieved according to different situations.
(4)在发电计划匹配成功后，各GU完成自己的发电任务，通过TSO进行电力配送，最终将电能信息输送到相应的PU。同时，TSO与EBN网络不断进行信息的审核确认，以保证每一笔用电交易都准确完成。在此过程中，形成电力交易区块链ETB。(4) After the power generation plan is successfully matched, each GU completes its own power generation task, conducts power distribution through TSO, and finally transmits the power information to the corresponding PU. At the same time, TSO and EBN network continue to review and confirm information to ensure that every electricity transaction is completed accurately. In the process, the electricity trading blockchain ETB is formed.
上述的(2)中，由于具体的应用环境不同，EBN的八个参数可能会有不同具体解释。在虚拟电厂中融入EBN时，供电索引区块链PSIB是由电力交易市场中的用电信息形成的。这是由于EBN-VPP模型是为了解决现有虚拟电厂中的一些问题才提出的，比如：由于电力是一种特殊的商品，它不可储存，必须即产即用。为了达到更高的利用率和整体效益，需要根据用电侧的信息形成PSIB，进而形成发电计划。而各发电单元根据形成的发电计划，依据智能合约完成交易，最终形成ETB。In (2) above, due to different specific application environments, the eight parameters of EBN may have different specific explanations. When EBN is integrated into the virtual power plant, the power supply index blockchain PSIB is formed from the electricity consumption information in the electricity trading market. This is because the EBN-VPP model is proposed to solve some problems in the existing virtual power plants, for example: because electricity is a special commodity, it cannot be stored and must be used immediately. In order to achieve a higher utilization rate and overall benefit, it is necessary to form a PSIB based on the information on the power consumption side, and then form a power generation plan. Each power generation unit completes the transaction according to the smart contract according to the formed power generation plan, and finally forms ETB.
因此，在形成供电索引区块链时，形成供电共识算法的节点为提出用电请求的用电节点，根据用电节点的信息达成共识后，发布新区块，如图2所示的新区快中的区块体存储的区块记录为EBN获取的设定时间间隔内的用电单元的用电信息。供电单元检索供电索引区块链中的最新区块，获取最新的用电信息，然后制定智能合约，并进行竞价，根据智能合约打成交易后，进行发电并传输电能。Therefore, when forming a power supply index blockchain, the nodes that form the power supply consensus algorithm are power consumption nodes that request power consumption. After reaching a consensus based on the information of power consumption nodes, a new block is released, as shown in Figure 2. The block records stored in the block body are the power consumption information of the power consumption units within the set time interval acquired by the EBN. The power supply unit retrieves the latest block in the power supply index blockchain, obtains the latest power consumption information, then formulates a smart contract, conducts bidding, and generates electricity and transmits electric energy after a transaction is made according to the smart contract.
通过上述EBN-VPP的运行过程可知，本发明较好地解决了背景技术中提到的三个共性问题。主要体现在：It can be seen from the operation process of the above EBN-VPP that the present invention better solves the three common problems mentioned in the background art. mainly reflects in:
(1)可实时反映需求侧信息：电力与其他产品(包括实体产品和虚拟产品)最大的不同点是，电力是一种能量，它存在于各种能量之间的装换，即生产和消耗的电能必须守恒，无法在电网中暂存。EBN-VPP通过EBN中的ETB区块，可实时获取用电需求量，并根据该需求量制定GU的发电计划，并适时调整各GU单元，尤其是使用非可再生能源GU的电力生产指标，避免无效的产能。(1) It can reflect demand-side information in real time: the biggest difference between electricity and other products (including physical products and virtual products) is that electricity is a kind of energy, which exists in the exchange between various energies, that is, production and consumption The electric energy must be conserved and cannot be temporarily stored in the grid. Through the ETB block in EBN, EBN-VPP can obtain the demand for electricity in real time, formulate the power generation plan of GU according to the demand, and adjust each GU unit in time, especially the power production index of GU using non-renewable energy. Avoid ineffective capacity.
(2)可根据海量数据进行环境友好的发电计划调整：EBN-VPP中的能源区块链网络将在运行过程中积累大量可靠数据，并可将其用于能源需求的预测，便于DER和传统发电厂进行发电调整。虽然DER和传统电厂都属于GU，但由于能源类型不同，从环境保护角度则更加倾向于使用DER的清洁可再生能源，EBN-VPP通过EBN中的PSIB区块及PSCA供电共识算法，可对形成清洁可再生能源的选择偏好，减少非可再生能源的使用。(2) Environmentally friendly power generation plan adjustments can be made based on massive data: the energy blockchain network in EBN-VPP will accumulate a large amount of reliable data during operation, and it can be used for energy demand forecasting, which is convenient for DER and traditional The power plant makes generation adjustments. Although both DER and traditional power plants belong to GU, due to the different energy types, they are more inclined to use DER's clean and renewable energy from the perspective of environmental protection. EBN-VPP can be formed through the PSIB block in EBN and the PSCA power supply consensus algorithm. Choice preferences for clean renewable energy sources, reducing the use of non-renewable energy sources.
(3)更有利于虚拟电厂的信息透明和稳定调度：由于电的瞬时交换特性和VPP中不同GU的发电特点和发电成本，其售电价格必然随时波动。除了在电力技术上需要解决的系统稳定分析、频率控制、负荷预测、需求响应等各种电网系统的问题，信息的透明、公平性、不可篡改性也将为VPP的稳定调度带来运筹博弈上的支持。因为，准确透明的电力交易信息必将影响PU的分时用电需求，在预期综合成本最低的诉求下，EBN的融入将帮助VPP改善能源需求的“削峰填谷”过程，更加有利于VPP进行能源调度。(3) It is more conducive to the information transparency and stable scheduling of virtual power plants: due to the instantaneous exchange characteristics of electricity and the power generation characteristics and power generation costs of different GUs in VPP, its electricity sales price will inevitably fluctuate at any time. In addition to various power grid system problems that need to be solved in power technology, such as system stability analysis, frequency control, load forecasting, and demand response, the transparency, fairness, and non-tampering of information will also bring operational research to the stable scheduling of VPP. support. Because accurate and transparent power transaction information will definitely affect PU’s time-of-use electricity demand, under the expectation of the lowest overall cost, the integration of EBN will help VPP improve the process of “shaving peaks and filling valleys” of energy demand, which is more beneficial to VPP Perform energy scheduling.
(4)确保数据安全和存储安全：EBN-VPP中的数据均可通过EBN中的区块数据加密方法实施保护，并由全网所有节点共同认证；同时，由于去中心化机制，EBN中的节点均部分或全部地备份了链中全部信息，杜绝了中心化数据服务的失效隐患。(4) Ensure data security and storage security: The data in EBN-VPP can be protected by the block data encryption method in EBN, and is jointly authenticated by all nodes in the entire network; at the same time, due to the decentralization mechanism, the data in EBN The nodes all partially or fully back up all the information in the chain, eliminating the potential failure of centralized data services.
(5)在EBN-VPP框架中，EBN网络并不决定和影响具体的电能交易过程，而是扮演一个信息汇集整合的中转站和服务提供商的角色，将所有GU和PU之间的信息壁垒打通，使得双方可以完成去中心化的直接电能交易，从而降低了交易中的信用成本。(5) In the EBN-VPP framework, the EBN network does not determine and affect the specific energy transaction process, but plays the role of a transfer station and service provider for information collection and integration, and separates the information barriers between all GUs and PUs. Open up, so that both parties can complete the decentralized direct energy transaction, thereby reducing the credit cost in the transaction.
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明整体构思前提下，还可以作出若干改变和改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围。What has been described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some changes and improvements can be made without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be regarded as the present invention. scope of protection.
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