技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种在较宽波长范围都具有高带宽性能的多模光纤，属于光通信技术领域。The invention relates to a multimode optical fiber with high bandwidth performance in a wide wavelength range, belonging to the technical field of optical communication.
背景技术Background technique
多模光纤以其较低廉的系统成本优势，和易于接续的特点，在短距离传输网络中广泛使用，如LAN局域网中。随着用户对网络容量需求的不断增长，高性能传输网络对多模光纤的带宽提出更高的要求。Multimode optical fiber is widely used in short-distance transmission networks, such as LAN local area networks, due to its advantages of lower system cost and easy connection. With the continuous increase of users' demand for network capacity, high-performance transmission network puts forward higher requirements for the bandwidth of multimode optical fiber.
随着科学技术的不断发展，人们已经进入了光纤宽带和多业务融合的信息高速发展时代。融合后的电信网、广电网和互联网都可以承载多种信息化业务，都可以为用户提供电话通信、上网和看电视等多种服务。尤其是近年来云计算和物联网等概念的提出，都给现有网络带来了海啸般的数据冲击。这必将加快如数据中心、企业机房、存储区域网络(SAN)、网络附加存储(NAS)和高性能计算中心等应用的建设和普及，并对其中的网络基础设施的高带宽和灵活性提出更高的要求，以便能够支持更高性能的连接。弯曲不敏感多模光纤是广泛应用于数据中心和企业机房中的网络传输媒介，高性能传输网络的建设对弯曲不敏感多模光纤提出了更多苛刻的要求，其中以光纤的带宽性能和抗弯曲特性为最重要的两项参数。With the continuous development of science and technology, people have entered the era of high-speed information development of optical fiber broadband and multi-service integration. The integrated telecommunication network, broadcasting network, and Internet can carry various information services, and can provide users with various services such as telephone communication, Internet access, and watching TV. In particular, the introduction of concepts such as cloud computing and the Internet of Things in recent years has brought a tsunami-like data impact to existing networks. This will definitely speed up the construction and popularization of applications such as data centers, enterprise computer rooms, storage area networks (SAN), network-attached storage (NAS) and high-performance computing centers, and put forward high bandwidth and flexibility requirements for the network infrastructure. Higher requirements to be able to support higher performance connections. Bending-insensitive multimode fiber is widely used as a network transmission medium in data centers and enterprise computer rooms. The construction of high-performance transmission networks puts forward more stringent requirements for bending-insensitive multimode fiber. Among them, the bandwidth performance and resistance of the fiber The bending properties are the two most important parameters.
多模光纤在数据中心、企业机房、SAN、NAS等应用场景中往往是铺设在狭窄的机柜、配线箱等集成系统中，光纤会经受很小的弯曲半径。常规多模光纤进行小角度弯曲时，靠近纤芯边缘传输的高阶模很容易泄漏出去，从而造成信号损失。降低光纤弯曲附加损耗的一个有效方法是在光纤包层增加低折射率区域来限制高阶模的泄漏，使信号损失最小化。如专利US8428410B2，在多模光纤折射率剖面的芯层外部引入单边3～5μm宽度的下陷包层结构，从而获得了显著降低的宏弯损耗。In data centers, enterprise computer rooms, SAN, NAS and other application scenarios, multimode optical fibers are often laid in narrow cabinets, distribution boxes and other integrated systems, and the optical fibers will undergo a small bending radius. When a conventional multimode fiber is bent at a small angle, the higher-order modes propagating near the edge of the fiber core can easily leak out, resulting in signal loss. An effective way to reduce the additional loss of fiber bending is to increase the low refractive index region in the fiber cladding to limit the leakage of high-order modes and minimize the signal loss. For example, in the patent US8428410B2, a sunken cladding structure with a width of 3-5 μm on one side is introduced outside the core layer of the multimode optical fiber refractive index profile, thereby obtaining significantly reduced macrobending loss.
为了获得具有良好稳定性的高带宽多模光纤，光纤芯层必须具有精细的alpha型抛物线折射率剖面。同时，光纤芯层掺杂元素的种类和含量会影响光纤的材料色散，从而影响光纤带宽对波长的敏感性。通常，多模光纤芯层通过掺杂一定量的锗元素来实现alpha型抛物线折射率剖面。掺杂有锗元素的SiO2具有较高的材料色散，因此现有掺锗量较高的多模光纤具备高带宽性能所对应的波长范围都很窄，光源波长的小幅改变会带来带宽性能的急剧下降。然而，在波分复用系统中应用的多模光纤需要在较宽的波长范围内维持高带宽性能，常规掺锗量较高的多模光纤在波分复用系统中的传输距离往往受限。此外，降低掺锗量也有利于光纤衰减的降低。In order to obtain a high-bandwidth multimode fiber with good stability, the fiber core must have a fine alpha-type parabolic refractive index profile. At the same time, the type and content of doping elements in the fiber core layer will affect the material dispersion of the fiber, thereby affecting the sensitivity of the fiber bandwidth to wavelength. Usually, the alpha parabolic refractive index profile is realized by doping a certain amount of germanium element in the core layer of the multimode optical fiber. SiO2 doped with germanium has a high material dispersion, so the existing multimode fiber with high germanium doping has a narrow wavelength range corresponding to high bandwidth performance, and a small change in the wavelength of the light source will bring about a decrease in bandwidth performance. A sharp decline. However, the multimode fiber used in the wavelength division multiplexing system needs to maintain high bandwidth performance in a wide wavelength range, and the transmission distance of the conventional multimode fiber with a high amount of germanium doped in the wavelength division multiplexing system is often limited . In addition, reducing the doping amount of germanium is also beneficial to the reduction of fiber attenuation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术存在的不足提供一种结构设计优化，带宽-波长敏感性较小的高带宽多模光纤。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-bandwidth multi-mode optical fiber with optimized structure design and less bandwidth-wavelength sensitivity in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
为方便介绍本发明内容，定义部分术语：For the convenience of introducing content of the present invention, some terms are defined:
渐变型多模光纤的芯层折射率剖面满足如下幂指数函数分布：The core refractive index profile of the graded multimode fiber satisfies the following power exponential function distribution:
其中，n1为光纤轴心的折射率；r为离开光纤轴心的距离；a为光纤芯半径；α为分布指数；Δ0为纤芯中心相对纯二氧化硅玻璃的相对折射率差。Among them, n1 is the refractive index of the fiber axis; r is the distance from the fiber axis; a is the fiber core radius; α is the distribution index; Δ0 is the relative refractive index difference between the center of the fiber core and pure silica glass.
相对折射率差即Δi：The relative refractive index difference isΔi :
其中，ni为距离纤芯中心i位置的折射率；n0为纯二氧化硅玻璃的折射率。Among them, ni is the refractive index at the position i from the center of the fiber core; n0 is the refractive index of pure silica glass.
上掺杂剂：指相对于纯二氧化硅，能够提高玻璃折射率的掺杂物质，如锗、氯、磷、铝、钛等。Upper dopant: Refers to dopant substances that can increase the refractive index of glass relative to pure silicon dioxide, such as germanium, chlorine, phosphorus, aluminum, titanium, etc.
下掺杂剂：指相对于纯二氧化硅，能够降低玻璃折射率的掺杂物质，如氟、硼等。Lower dopant: Refers to dopant substances that can lower the refractive index of glass relative to pure silicon dioxide, such as fluorine, boron, etc.
本发明为解决上述提出的问题所采用的技术方案为：包括芯层和围绕芯层的包层，其特征在于所述的芯层折射率剖面呈抛物线形，分布指数α为1.9～2.2，芯层的半径R1为23～27μm，芯层中心位最大相对折射率差Δ1为0.5～1.0％，所述的包层由内到外依次为内包层、下陷包层和外包层，所述的内包层的半径为R2，单边径向宽度(R2-R1)为1～3μm，相对折射率差Δ2为-0.5～-0.1％；所述的下陷包层的半径为R3，单边径向宽度(R3-R2)为4～8μm，相对折射率差Δ3为-1.0～-0.45％；所述的外包层相对折射率差Δ4为-0.5～-0.1％。The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is: comprising a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, characterized in that the refractive index profile of the core layer is parabolic, and the distribution index α is 1.9 to 2.2. The radius R1 of the layer is 23-27 μm, and the maximum relative refractive index difference Δ1 at the center of the core layer is 0.5-1.0%. The radius of the layer is R2, the unilateral radial width (R2-R1) is 1 to 3 μm, and the relative refractive index difference Δ2 is -0.5 to -0.1%; the radius of the sunken cladding is R3, and the unilateral radial width (R3-R2) is 4-8 μm, the relative refractive index difference Δ3 is -1.0-0.45%; the relative refractive index difference Δ4 of the outer cladding is -0.5--0.1%.
按上述方案，所述的外包层相对折射率差与内包层相对折射率差的差值Δ4-Δ2为-0.05～0.05％。According to the above solution, the difference Δ4-Δ2 between the relative refractive index difference of the outer cladding layer and the relative refractive index difference of the inner cladding layer is -0.05˜0.05%.
按上述方案，所述的芯层为掺有上掺杂剂的二氧化硅玻璃层，所述的包层为掺有下掺杂剂的二氧化硅玻璃层。According to the above scheme, the core layer is a silica glass layer doped with an upper dopant, and the cladding layer is a silica glass layer doped with a lower dopant.
按上述方案，所述的芯层为锗氟共掺的二氧化硅玻璃层，所述的包层为掺氟的二氧化硅玻璃层，且芯层相对折射率差Δ1≤0.8％，内包层相对折射率差Δ2≤-0.2％。According to the above scheme, the core layer is a germanium-fluorine co-doped silica glass layer, the cladding layer is a fluorine-doped silica glass layer, and the relative refractive index difference of the core layer is Δ1≤0.8%. Relative refractive index difference Δ2≤-0.2%.
按上述方案，所述的芯层为掺锗的二氧化硅玻璃层，所述的包层为掺氟的二氧化硅玻璃层，且芯层相对折射率差Δ1≤0.8％，内包层相对折射率差Δ2≤-0.3％。According to the above scheme, the core layer is a silica glass layer doped with germanium, the cladding layer is a silica glass layer doped with fluorine, and the relative refractive index difference of the core layer is Δ1≤0.8%, and the relative refractive index of the inner cladding layer is Rate difference Δ2≤-0.3%.
按上述方案，所述光纤的数值孔径为0.185～0.215。According to the above solution, the numerical aperture of the optical fiber is 0.185-0.215.
按上述方案，所述光纤在850nm波长具有3500MHz-km或3500MHz-km以上带宽，在950nm波长具有1850MHz-km或1850MHz-km以上带宽，在1300nm波长具有500MHz-km或500MHz-km以上带宽。According to the above scheme, the optical fiber has a bandwidth of 3500MHz-km or above at 850nm wavelength, a bandwidth of 1850MHz-km or above at 950nm wavelength, and a bandwidth of 500MHz-km or above at 1300nm wavelength.
按上述方案，所述光纤在850nm波长具有4700MHz-km或4700MHz-km以上的有效模式带宽(EMB)，在953nm波长具有2470MHz-km或2470MHz-km以上的有效模式带宽(EMB)。According to the above scheme, the optical fiber has an effective mode bandwidth (EMB) of 4700MHz-km or more at 850nm wavelength, and an effective mode bandwidth (EMB) of 2470MHz-km or more at 953nm wavelength.
按上述方案，所述光纤在850nm波长处，以7.5毫米弯曲半径绕2圈导致的弯曲附加损耗小于0.2dB；在1300nm波长处，以7.5毫米弯曲半径绕2圈导致的弯曲附加损耗小于0.5dB。According to the above scheme, at the wavelength of 850nm, the additional bending loss caused by winding the optical fiber twice with a bending radius of 7.5mm is less than 0.2dB; .
本发明的有益效果在于：1、通过降低光纤芯层掺锗量，降低了光纤带宽对波长的敏感性；2、合理设计波导结构，波导结构得到进一步的优化，使带宽性能进一步提高；3、内包层、下陷包层和外包层均掺有下掺杂剂，不仅是光纤径向应力均匀过渡，分布合理，易于工艺控制，而且使光纤具备良好的抗弯曲性能。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By reducing the amount of germanium doped in the core layer of the optical fiber, the sensitivity of the fiber bandwidth to the wavelength is reduced; 2. The waveguide structure is rationally designed, and the waveguide structure is further optimized, so that the bandwidth performance is further improved; 3. The inner cladding, depressed cladding and outer cladding are all doped with lower dopants, which not only makes the radial stress of the optical fiber uniform, the distribution is reasonable, and the process is easy to control, but also makes the optical fiber have good bending resistance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明光纤的横截面结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the optical fiber of the present invention.
图2是本发明光纤的折射率剖面示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the refractive index profile of the optical fiber of the present invention.
图3是本发明光纤的带宽随波长变化的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the bandwidth of the optical fiber of the present invention with the wavelength.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。采用外径为40～50mm，单边壁厚为3～10mm的含氟石英玻璃衬管作为基底管，使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PCVD)工艺进行掺杂沉积；依次沉积下陷包层、内包层和芯层。在反应气体四氯化硅(SiCl4)和氧气(O2)中，通入含氟的气体，进行氟(F)掺杂，通入四氯化锗(GeCl4)，进行锗(Ge)掺杂，混合气体压力控制在10～18mBar，通过微波使衬管内的反应气体离子化变成等离子体，并最终以玻璃的形式沉积在衬管内壁；沉积完成后，用电加热炉将沉积后的衬管熔缩成实心棒；将该实心棒置于光纤拉丝塔上拉制成光纤，在光纤表面涂覆内外两层紫外固化的聚丙稀酸树脂即成。Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention will be further described. Use a fluorine-containing quartz glass liner with an outer diameter of 40-50 mm and a single-side wall thickness of 3-10 mm as the substrate tube, and use plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) process for doping deposition; sequentially deposit sunken cladding, inner cladding layer and core. In the reaction gas silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) and oxygen (O2), a fluorine-containing gas is passed through for fluorine (F) doping, germanium tetrachloride (GeCl4) is passed through for germanium (Ge) doping, The pressure of the mixed gas is controlled at 10-18mBar, and the reaction gas in the liner is ionized into plasma by microwaves, and finally deposited on the inner wall of the liner in the form of glass; after the deposition is completed, the deposited liner is heated by an electric heating furnace Melt and shrink into a solid rod; place the solid rod on an optical fiber drawing tower to draw it into an optical fiber, and coat the surface of the optical fiber with two layers of UV-cured polyacrylic resin.
所述的光纤包括芯层10和围绕芯层的包层11，芯层折射率剖面呈抛物线形，分布指数为α，芯层的半径为R1，芯层中心位最大相对折射率差为Δ1，所述的包层由内到外依次为内包层20、下陷包层30和外包层40，所述的内包层20的半径为R2，单边径向宽度(R2-R1)为1～3μm，相对折射率差为Δ2；所述的下陷包层30的半径为R3，单边径向宽度(R3-R2)为4～8μm，相对折射率差为Δ3；所述的外包层40的半径R4为124～126μm，相对折射率差为Δ4。The optical fiber includes a core layer 10 and a cladding layer 11 surrounding the core layer, the core layer refractive index profile is parabolic, the distribution index is α, the radius of the core layer is R1, and the maximum relative refractive index difference at the center of the core layer is Δ1, The cladding layer is sequentially composed of an inner cladding layer 20, a sunken cladding layer 30 and an outer cladding layer 40 from the inside to the outside. The radius of the inner cladding layer 20 is R2, and the radial width (R2-R1) of one side is 1-3 μm. The relative refractive index difference is Δ2; the radius of the depressed cladding 30 is R3, the radial width (R3-R2) on one side is 4-8 μm, and the relative refractive index difference is Δ3; the radius R4 of the outer cladding 40 It is 124-126 μm, and the relative refractive index difference is Δ4.
按上述方法制备了一组弯曲不敏感多模光纤预制棒并拉丝，所得光纤的结构参数和主要性能参数见表1。A group of bend-insensitive multimode optical fiber preforms were prepared and drawn according to the above method. The structural parameters and main performance parameters of the obtained optical fibers are shown in Table 1.
表1：光纤的芯层结构参数、芯层掺杂浓度及主要性能参数Table 1: Optical fiber core structure parameters, core doping concentration and main performance parameters
宏弯附加损耗根据IEC 60793-1-47方法测得，被测光纤按一定直径绕两圈，然后将圆圈放开，测试打圈前后的光功率变化，以此作为光纤的宏弯附加损耗。测试时，采用环形通量(Encircled Flux)光注入条件。Encircled Flux光注入条件可通过以下方法获得：在被测光纤前端熔接一段2m长的普通50μm芯径多模光纤，并在该光纤中间绕一个25mm直径的圈，当满注入光注入该光纤时，被测光纤即为环形通量光注入。The macrobending additional loss is measured according to the IEC 60793-1-47 method. The measured fiber is wound twice with a certain diameter, and then the circle is released, and the optical power change before and after the circle is tested, which is used as the macrobending additional loss of the optical fiber. During the test, an Encircled Flux (Encircled Flux) light injection condition was used. Encircled Flux light injection conditions can be obtained by the following method: splicing a 2m-long ordinary 50μm core diameter multimode fiber at the front end of the tested fiber, and winding a 25mm diameter circle in the middle of the fiber, when the full injection light is injected into the fiber, The optical fiber under test is injected with encircled flux light.
满注入带宽根据IEC 60793-1-41方法测得，测试采用满注入条件。The full injection bandwidth is measured according to the IEC 60793-1-41 method, and the test adopts the full injection condition.
差分模时延(DMD)根据IEC 60793-1-49方法测得，被测光纤长度均为1000m±20％，在被测光纤与光源之间连接一根探针单模光纤，以限制入射被测光纤的光模式为单模，入射光脉宽小于等于100ps，光源垂直入射被测光纤端面，沿该端面径向扫描，测量到达被测光纤输出端最快光脉冲与最慢光脉冲之间的时间差，即为差分模时延。同时，利用这些DMD数据进行模拟一系列规定输入模式的计算，可得出有效模式带宽(EMB)。The differential mode delay (DMD) is measured according to the IEC 60793-1-49 method. The length of the tested fiber is 1000m±20%. A probe single-mode fiber is connected between the tested fiber and the light source to limit the incident The optical mode of the optical fiber under test is single-mode, the incident light pulse width is less than or equal to 100 ps, the light source is incident on the end face of the optical fiber under test, scans radially along the end face, and measures the distance between the fastest optical pulse and the slowest optical pulse reaching the output end of the optical fiber under test. The time difference is the differential mode delay. At the same time, these DMD data are used to perform calculations that simulate a series of specified input modes to obtain the effective mode bandwidth (EMB).
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| CN201710683698.5ACN107479129A (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2017-08-11 | A kind of high-bandwidth multi-mode fiber |
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| CN201710683698.5ACN107479129A (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2017-08-11 | A kind of high-bandwidth multi-mode fiber |
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| CN107479129Atrue CN107479129A (en) | 2017-12-15 |
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| CN201710683698.5APendingCN107479129A (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2017-08-11 | A kind of high-bandwidth multi-mode fiber |
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| CN108594361A (en)* | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-28 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of high-bandwidth multi-mode fiber |
| CN109143463A (en)* | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-04 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of small core diameter compatible type graded index fiber |
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| JP2015007792A (en)* | 2007-01-08 | 2015-01-15 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | Bend resistant multimode optical fiber |
| CN101932961A (en)* | 2007-12-13 | 2010-12-29 | 康宁公司 | Bend resistant multimode optical fiber |
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| CN102043197A (en)* | 2011-01-26 | 2011-05-04 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | Bend-resistance multimode optical fiber |
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| CN106371167A (en)* | 2016-11-26 | 2017-02-01 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | High-bandwidth multi-mode fiber |
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| CN108594361A (en)* | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-28 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of high-bandwidth multi-mode fiber |
| CN108594361B (en)* | 2018-04-17 | 2020-10-16 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | High-bandwidth multimode optical fiber |
| CN109143463A (en)* | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-04 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of small core diameter compatible type graded index fiber |
| CN109143463B (en)* | 2018-09-25 | 2020-05-26 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Small-core-diameter compatible graded-index optical fiber |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20171215 |