The measurement apparatus and its measuring method of pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow and concentrationTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement apparatus and measuring method, particularly a kind of pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow and concentrationMeasurement apparatus and its measuring method.
Background technology
Pipe with small pipe diameter multi-parameter is that parameter index important in model test is carried out in sponge urban construction.Actual measurement experimentIn, not only need to measure full packages parameter, while the multi-parameter of non-full pipe need to be measured.At present, to pipeline in water conservancy industryThe measurement of flow is full packages measurement mostly, on the Large Diameter Pipeline that the non-full pipe measurement to pipeline is also limited to.And it is directed to sponge urban constructionIn, to the non-full pipe measuring multiple parameters problem of 3 ~ 7cm of diameter pipe with small pipe diameter, there has been no the product for solving the problem in the market.
The content of the invention
The purpose of present invention is the problem of solution must not carry out flow to pipe with small pipe diameter, non-full pipe current, and provides oneThe non-full pipe flow and apparatus for measuring concentration and its measuring method of kind pipe with small pipe diameter.
In order to complete the goal of the invention of the present invention, the present invention uses following technical scheme
A kind of pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow of the present invention and the measurement apparatus of concentration, it includes：Measurement pipe, supersonic sounding sensingDevice, linker, connecting tube, sonac, float, Anti-overflow guard, flange and processor, it is respectively provided with the both ends of measurement pipeFlange, wherein：Sonac is respectively provided with the radial symmetric opening position close to measurement bottom of the tube, linker is mounted in and measurementThe contour opening position of pipe diameter, one end of connecting tube are connected with measurement bottom of the tube, and the other end is connected with the bottom of linker, evenLogical device is equipped with Anti-overflow guard in the upper end of linker, ultrasonic range finder sensor is mounted in the surface of linker, right built with floatFloat in quasi- linker, two sonacs and ultrasonic range finder sensor are connected by information wire with processor respectively；
A kind of pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow of the present invention and the measurement apparatus of concentration, wherein：The height of the linker be more than orEqual to the internal diameter of measurement pipe, the height of water level is identical with height of water level in linker in measurement pipe, and the diameter of linker is much smallIn the internal diameter of measurement pipe；
A kind of pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow of the present invention and the measurement apparatus of concentration, wherein：The pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow andThe measurement apparatus of concentration also includes：Temperature sensor, the temperature sensor are mounted in the bottom of measurement pipe, and it passes through information wire and placeReason device is connected；
A kind of pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow of the present invention and the measurement apparatus of concentration, wherein：The pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow andThe measurement apparatus of concentration also includes：Fixed support, fixed support are fixed in measurement pipe, and supersonic sounding is housed on fixed supportSensor and linker；
A kind of pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow of the present invention and the measurement apparatus of concentration, wherein：The pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow andThe measurement apparatus of concentration also includes：Base, measurement pipe is on base；
The flow-measuring method of the present invention, wherein：It comprises the following steps：
（a）, with ultrasonic range finder sensor measure ultrasonic range finder sensor to the distance between float L, it is known that measurement pipe it is interiorThe radius of wall is R, and height H=2R-L-d, d of the water in measurement pipe are the thickness of float, the area S that water occupies in measurement pipe=；
（b）, by one of sonac to go out the frequency along current opposite direction with angular emission of the horizontal sextant angle as αRate isUltrasonic wave, another sonac receives the above-mentioned ultrasonic wave launched, its receives frequency, frequency change, then flow velocity of the water in measurement pipe be, C is the velocity of sound in water；
（c）By step（a）Area be multiplied by step（b）Flow velocity, as flow of the water in measurement pipe；
The water flow measuring method of the present invention, wherein：One sonac launches frequency and isUltrasonic wave after, pass throughTimeReceiving frequency by another sonac afterwards isUltrasonic wave, wherein s be two ultrasound passThe distance between sensor, C are the velocity of sound in water, and the underwater speed C of ultrasonic wave is related to water temperature, when water temperature is 20 DEG C, C=1492m/s；
The water flow measuring method of the present invention, wherein：The sonac is mounted in the survey away from measurement bottom of the tube 0.1R to 0.5ROn buret outer tube wall；
The water flow measuring method of the present invention, wherein：The sonac is by its tranmitting frequency, launch angle α and receptionFrequencyPass to processor；The temperature signal detected is passed to processor by temperature sensor, and processor is according to the signalObtain speed C of the ultrasonic wave in water；Ultrasonic range finder sensor passes to the distance between ultrasonic range finder sensor to float LProcessor；
The measuring method of the water concentration of the present invention, it is characterised in that：It comprises the following steps：
（i）, before measurement pipe is dispatched from the factory it is demarcated, in the condition that a ultrasonic sensor emitted energy E is steady state valueUnder, configure the N kind concentration liquids from low concentration to high concentration single-size, i.e. C1, C2 ... CN, by above-mentioned N kinds concentration liquidBody is respectively charged into measurement pipe, under every kind of concentration, measures the ENERGY E 1 received by another sonac 9, and by itsAs data storage within a processor；
（ii）In actual use, operator launches the ultrasonic wave that energy is E, another ultrasonic sensing with a sonacDevice receives the reflected energy E1 of above-mentioned ultrasonic wave, as long as operator finds the concentration corresponding to E1 within a processor, it is possible toWater outlet middle particle concentration C is determined, or according to the ratio between two E1 demarcated, more accurately calculates water middle particle concentration C.
The pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow of the present invention and the measurement apparatus of concentration are using principle of Doppler measurement non-full pipeFlow velocity, the water level of non-full pipe is measured using supersonic sounding principle, the size of ultrasonic reflection intensity is surveyed using to particle in waterThe particle concentration realization in water is measured to the flow of pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe and the synchro measure of concentration, the research to sponge urban constructionWith important value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be the present invention pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow and concentration measurement apparatus positive schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section at Figure 1A-A places；
Fig. 3 is sonac in measurement pipe pre-support and the principle schematic perspective view received；
Fig. 4 is that sonac is bowed to schematic diagram in measurement pipe pre-support and the principle received, and arrow in figure is measurementWater (flow) direction in pipe.
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, label 1 is flange；Label 2 is measurement pipe；Label 3 is ultrasonic range finder sensor；Label4 are；Label 5 is linker；Label 6 is base；Label 7 is temperature sensor；Label 8 is connecting tube；Label 9 is ultrasonic sensingDevice；Label 10 is processor；Label 11 is Anti-overflow guard；Label 12 is float.
Embodiment
As shown in figure and Fig. 2, the measurement apparatus of pipe with small pipe diameter non-full pipe flow of the invention and concentration includes：Measurement pipe 2, ultrasound are surveyedPassed away from sensor 3, linker 5, connecting tube 8, sonac 9, float 12, Anti-overflow guard 11, flange 1, processor 10, temperatureSensor 7, fixed support 4 and base 6, flange 1 is respectively provided with the both ends of measurement pipe 2, it is right in the radial direction close to the bottom of measurement pipe 2Opening position is claimed to be respectively provided with sonac 9, linker 5 is mounted in the opening position contour with the diameter of measurement pipe 2, the height of linker 5Degree is more than or equal to the internal diameter of measurement pipe 2, and the height of water level is identical with height of water level in linker 5 in measurement pipe 2, linker 5Diameter be far smaller than measurement pipe 2 internal diameter refer to the ratio between the diameter of linker 5 and the internal diameter of measurement pipe 2 be less than 1:10.ConnectionOne end of pipe 8 is connected with the bottom of measurement pipe 2, and the other end is connected with the bottom of linker 5, in linker 5 built with float 12,The upper end of linker 5 is equipped with Anti-overflow guard 11, and ultrasonic range finder sensor 3 is mounted in the surface of linker 5, is aligned in linker 5Float 12, fixed support 4 is fixed in measurement pipe 2, and ultrasonic range finder sensor 3 and linker 5 are housed on fixed support 4,Measurement pipe 2 is on base 6.Temperature sensor 7 is mounted in the bottom of measurement pipe 2, two sonacs 9, supersonic sounding sensingDevice 3 and temperature sensor 7 are connected by information wire with processor 10 respectively, and pipe with small pipe diameter refers to a diameter of 3~10cm measurement pipe 2.
As Figure 3-Figure 4, the measuring method of flow in pipe with small pipe diameter is measured with the measurement apparatus shown in Fig. 1-2, it is wrappedInclude following steps：
（a）, with ultrasonic range finder sensor 3 measure ultrasonic range finder sensor 3 to the distance between float 12 L, it is known that measurement pipe 2The radius of inwall be R, height H=2R-L-d, d of the water in measurement pipe 2 are the thickness of float, what water occupied in measurement pipe 2Area；
（b）, by one of sonac 9 to go out with angular emission of the horizontal sextant angle as α along current opposite directionFrequency isUltrasonic wave, launching frequency in a sonac 9 isUltrasonic wave after, the elapsed timeReceiving frequency by another sonac 9 afterwards isUltrasonic wave, wherein s is two sonacs 9The distance between, C is the velocity of sound in water, and its receives frequency is, frequency change, then water is in measurement pipe 2Flow velocity be, C is the velocity of sound in water, and sonac 9 is mounted in away from the bottom 0.1R of measurement pipe 2 to 0.5R'sOn the outer tube wall of measurement pipe 2；
（c）, by step（a）Area be multiplied by step（b）Flow velocity, as flow of the water in measurement pipe 2.
Above-mentioned sonac 9 is by its tranmitting frequency, launch angle α and receives frequencyPass to processor 10；TemperatureThe temperature signal detected is passed to processor 10 by degree sensor 7, and processor 10 obtains ultrasonic wave in water according to the signalSpeed, the underwater speed C of ultrasonic wave is related to water temperature, water temperature be 20 DEG C when, C=1492m/s, in water temperature difference, CNumerical value be known；The distance between ultrasonic range finder sensor 3 to float L is passed to processing by ultrasonic range finder sensor 3Device 10.
The ultrasonic wave that the energy that the present invention can also launch fixed frequency according to a sonac 9 into water body is E, shouldUltrasonic wave is reflected after the grains of sand are run into measurement pipe 2, and another sonac 9 receives the reflection letter of above-mentioned ultrasonic waveNumber, that is, receive the ultrasonic reflections signal that energy is E1.Due to the difference of the concentration of particle in water body, the degree of signal attenuationDifference, therefore the signal intensity received is different.Signal intensity is calculated by fft algorithm.Different intensity corresponds to different denseDegree, it is therefore desirable to carry out the demarcation of concentration and signal intensity, by way of demarcation, signal intensity is converted in water body containing sandConcentration, the measurement of sediment concentration in water body is realized, the energy received is bigger, and concentration is smaller, and the energy received is smaller, concentrationIt is bigger.
Be demarcated as before dispatching from the factory to measurement pipe 2 carry out work, emitted energy E be steady state value under conditions of, configure fromLow concentration is to the N kind concentration liquids of high concentration single-size, i.e. C1, C2 ... CN are respectively charged into measurement pipe 2, in every kind of concentrationUnder, the ENERGY E 1 received by another sonac 9 is measured, and as data storage in a processor 10, in realityIn use, operator launches the ultrasonic wave that energy is E with a sonac 9, another sonac 9 receives on borderThe reflected energy E1 of ultrasonic wave is stated, as long as operator finds the concentration corresponding to E1 in a processor 10, it is possible to measure water outletMiddle particle concentration C, although the error of the above method is larger, error can be reduced as far as possible according to differential technique, i.e., according to twoRatio between the E1 of individual demarcation, water middle particle concentration C is more accurately calculated, such as：Before dispatching from the factory demarcate E1 be 50,60,70 ..., the granule density in water corresponding to them is 6%, 5%, 3% ..., and when actually measuring, the E1 measured is 54, thatThe concentration that particle in water can be obtained according to the above method is 5.4%, although certain error be present in the above method, withExisting measuring method is compared, and accuracy is greatly improved.
Above description is explanation of the invention, is not the restriction to invention, limited range of the present invention is referring to rightIt is required that in the case of the spirit without prejudice to the present invention, the present invention can make any type of modification.