A kind of special complex fertilizer for alleviating citrus yellow and preparation method thereofTechnical field
The present invention relates to function and service fertilizer field, more particularly to a kind of special complex fertilizer for alleviating citrus yellow and its preparationMethod.
Background technology
Citrusfruit is nutritious, looks good, smell good and taste good, and can both eat raw, can be processed into the drink such as fruit juice, fruit wine, fruit vinegar againMaterial, can also extract orange peel essential oil.Citrus nutritive value is very high, and its protein content is 9 times of pears, and the content of calcium is the 5 of pearsTimes, the content of phosphorus is 5.5 times of pears, and the content of vitamin B1 is 8 times of pears, and the content of vitamin B2 is 3 times of pears, vitaminC content is 10 times of pears, in addition the citrus also element containing multivitamin and potassium, magnesium, sulphur, sodium, chlorine, silicon etc..Citrus high yield is steadyProduction, high financial profit, are the important economic trees of south China.But caused in recent years because citrus yellows are increasingly severeQuality Parameters in Orange is poor, and low yield even has no harvest, and alleviates and treatment yellows turn into urgent problem to be solved in Orange Producing.
Yellows are also known as yellow tip disease, and palm class, bajiao banana class, rue class and rose class plant can catch an illness.DyeThe plant strain growth of disease is gradually weak, and subsequent diseased plant is gradually withered；The deformed fruit of diseased plant, pericarp soften, and sour fruit is small.This diseaseHave plenty of the pathological conditions caused by the pathogen such as nematode, bacterium class, virus, mycoplasma；Some is due to then nutrientIt is undue deficiency caused by physiological disorder.The main reason for causing physiological yellows is micro- in soil peracid and diseased plant bodySecondary element shortage or unbalance.When P in soil H values are less than 4.5, mandarin tree root system is to almost all of Nutrient Absorption utilization rateAll reduce 60-80%.
The existing treatment method for yellows is mostly to spray specific antibacterial agent or insecticide, is drawn primarily directed to pathogenThe pathologic yellows risen are treated, although the spreading and propagation of pathologic yellows can be prevented to a certain extent, forPhysiological yellows caused by nutrient deficiency do not have therapeutic effect, and can not promote the restoration ecosystem of yellows plant.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency present in prior art, there is provided a kind of to alleviate the special of citrus yellowWith composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof.Composite fertilizer of the present invention is according to the pathology and the cause of disease of citrus plant yellows, is targetedly selectedSelect what is formed with corresponding treatment or the raw material of mitigation compounding；Needed for the composite fertilizer can not only provide for the growth of citrusVarious nutrients, moreover it is possible to improve soil environment, suppress harmful levels of pathogens breeding, promote beneficial bacteria growth, be advantageous to diseased plantAbsorption to nutrient, and then alleviate citrus yellow illness, promote citrus diseased plant to recover.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the invention provides a kind of special complex fertilizer for alleviating citrus yellow, including withWhat lower parts by weight raw material were prepared：The organic fertilizer of 40-70 parts, the plant ash of 20-35 parts, the inorganic fertilizer, 0.1- of 10-25 parts0.5 part of root-growing agent, the humate of 3-5 parts, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 2-5 parts.
A kind of above-mentioned special complex fertilizer for alleviating citrus yellow, described organic fertilizer are passed through by straw and human and animal excretaDecomposed ferment is mixed to form, containing abundant organic matter, can be provided for the growth of citrus needed for all nutrients, while energyImprove soil environment, the absorption regrowed beneficial to the root of citrus diseased plant with nutrient；Preferably, described organic fertilizer isIt is prepared by the fermentation of following parts by weight raw material：The agricultural crop straw of 50-80 parts, the human and animal excreta of 30-50 parts, 10-30 partsSweet wormwood；Preferable organic fertilizer not only containing all kinds nutrient needed for a large amount of organic matters and plant, meets Ci trus growthDuring needed for each stage, it is inhibited to a variety of germs for causing yellows also because of a variety of antimicrobial components in sweet wormwood,There is certain mitigation to pathologic yellows.
It is furthermore preferred that described organic fertilizer is formed by the fermentation of following processing step：
(1) it is well mixed after raw material are crushed respectively；
(2) the inoculation fermentation bacterium in mixed raw material, aerobic and two stage compost fermentations of anaerobism are carried out；
(3) by the raw material drying fermented, crushing, sieve to obtain organic fertilizer.
Wherein, Task-size Controlling is in 0.5-2.0cm after the material disintegrating of step 1 Central Plains, and granularity is smaller, and fermenting speed is faster, hairFerment effect is better；But undersized, it is unfavorable for air circulation, is unfavorable for aerobic fermentation.
Wherein, 35~40%, fermentation temperature controls at 55~65 DEG C the humid control of aerobic fermentation in step 2, fermentationTime is 5-10d；The humid control of anaerobic fermentation is 40~45%, and fermentation temperature control is at 45~55 DEG C, fermentation time 5-10d；Fermented in the fermentation humidity, temperature and time, ferment effect is good, and Soluble Organic Matter content is high in product, beneficial to citrusRoot quickly absorbs, and antibacterial material destructiveness is minimum in sweet wormwood, stripping property is optimal, a variety of germs to causing yellowsInhibitory action is optimal.
Wherein, described plant ash refers to by the ashes of plant haulm left after combustion；Contain various plants in plant ashTrace element needed for growth, can promote the growth of diseased plant to reply, meanwhile, plant ash is alkalescence, and energy sweetening of the soil is acid, improvesThe gas permeability of soil, water penetration, enhancing citrus root respiration, accelerate the absorption of nutriment, effectively alleviate physiological yellowThe illness of disease.
Wherein, described inorganic fertilizer is the inorganic fertilizer mixed by soluble inorganic salt；Preferably, it is described inorganicThe ratio between amount of material of N P and K is the ︰ 1 of 3-5 ︰ 1 in fertilizer；Optimize the proportioning of N P and K, more meet need of the citrus to n-p-k elementAsk, its resistance against diseases to yellows can be improved, can also accelerate plant and recover after being ill, moreover it is possible to reduce the waste of fertilizer and to soilStructural damage.
Wherein, described root-growing agent refers to the bio-hormone that can accelerate plant establishment and root growth, and root-growing agent can promoteThe root system of citrus plant regrows, and accelerates the absorption of nutrient, and quickening recovers after being ill, effectively alleviates physiological yellowsIllness；Preferably, described root-growing agent is the one or more in heteroauxin, indolebutyric acid, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, compound sodium nitrophenolate.
Wherein, the aobvious alkalescence of described humate, it can neutralize, adjust soil ph, improve soil environment, make soil moreCi trus growth, and nutrient needed for being provided for citrus are provided；Preferably, described humate is sodium humate, humicOne or more in sour potassium, calcium humate, ferric humate, humic acid copper, Humic acid Magnesium.
Wherein, described microbial-bacterial fertilizer includes colloid bacillus cereus, trichoderma harzianum and saccharomycete；Described biological bacteriaFertilizer can improve soil, improve air permeable effect, improve the oxygen-deficient state in plant root, and and can suppresses the life of harmful bacteriaIt is long, alleviate the illness of pathologic yellows；Organic matter can also be decomposed into the material that root easily absorbs, promote plant pair nutrientsThe absorption of matter, alleviate the illness of physiological yellows；Preferably, colloid bacillus cereus, Kazakhstan thatch wood in described microbial-bacterial fertilizerMould, the ratio between the number of viable of saccharomycete are the ︰ 3-5 of 5-8 ︰ 1；In the ratio number of viable, microbial-bacterial fertilizer is to alleviating citrusYellows effect it is best.
Further, in order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the present invention has also supplied a kind of specific complex for alleviating citrus yellowThe preparation method of fertilizer, is comprised the following steps that：
(1) organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, plant ash, root-growing agent, humate and micro- life is prepared respectively according to recipe requirementsThing bacterial manure；
(2) according to each raw material ratio, the special of citrus yellow that be eased is well mixed after weighing raw material respectivelyComposite fertilizer.
A kind of preparation method for the special complex fertilizer for alleviating citrus yellow, first prepares organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, vegetation respectivelyAsh, root-growing agent, humate and microbial-bacterial fertilizer, the proportioning and component of each raw material are effectively controlled, is prevented in blending processMistakes and omissions, ensure material quality；The special complex fertilizer for alleviating citrus yellow is uniformly prepared by mechanical mixture again；The preparationMethod technique is simple, and cost is cheap, and product quality is stable, suitable for alleviating special complex fertilizer industrialization, the scale of citrus yellowProduction.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, the present invention alleviates the special complex fertilizer of citrus yellow, containing by colloid bacillus cereus, trichoderma harzianum and yeastThe microbial-bacterial fertilizer that bacterium combines, soil can be improved, improve air permeable effect, improve the oxygen-deficient state in plant root,And can suppresses the growth of harmful bacteria, alleviates the illness of pathologic yellows；Organic matter can also be decomposed into what root easily absorbedMaterial, promote the absorption of plant pair nutriment, alleviate the illness of physiological yellows.
2nd, the present invention alleviates the special complex fertilizer of citrus yellow, optimizes the composition of organic matter, not only containing a large amount of organicAll kinds nutrient needed for matter and plant, meet during Ci trus growth needed for each stage, also containing a variety of in sweet wormwoodAntimicrobial component, it is inhibited to a variety of germs for causing yellows, there is certain mitigation to pathologic yellows.
3rd, the present invention alleviates the special complex fertilizer of citrus yellow, containing root-growing agent, can promote the root system of citrus plant againGrowth, accelerate the absorption of nutrient, quickening recovers after being ill, effectively alleviates the illness of physiological yellows.
4th, the preparation method technique of the special complex fertilizer of present invention alleviation citrus yellow is simple, and cost is cheap, product qualityIt is stable, suitable for alleviating special complex fertilizer industrialization, the large-scale production of citrus yellow.
Embodiment
With reference to test example and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should not be understoodFollowing embodiment is only limitted to for the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention, it is all that this is belonged to based on the technology that present invention is realizedThe scope of invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) organic fertilizer：By 70 parts of agricultural crop straw, 40 parts of human and animal excreta, 30 parts of sweet wormwood mixes after being respectively crushed intoClose uniform；The inoculation fermentation bacterium in mixed raw material, it is 38% in humidity, temperature carries out aerobic fermentation under conditions of being 60 DEG C8d, then humidity be 43%, temperature be 50 DEG C under conditions of enter anaerobic fermentation 6d；By the raw material drying fermented, crushing, mistakeThe organic fertilizer of sieve；Inorganic fertilizer：It is the ︰ of 4 ︰ 1 that the ratio between amount of N P and K material is pressed by urea, potassium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate1 is mixed；Plant ash：Plant haulm remaining after combustion ashes；Root-growing agent：It is made up of heteroauxin and methyl α-naphthyl acetate；It is rottenGrow hydrochlorate：Mixed by potassium humate, humic acid copper and Humic acid Magnesium；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer：By colloid bacillus cereus, breathe out thatch woodYeast and mold is that the ︰ 4 of 6 ︰ 1 are mixed by the ratio between number of viable；
(2) take respectively 50 parts organic fertilizer, 28 parts of plant ash, 18 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.3 part of root-growing agent, 4 parts of corruptionGrow hydrochlorate, 3 parts of microbial-bacterial fertilizer carry out it is well mixed after be eased the special complex fertilizer of citrus yellow.
Embodiment 2
(1) organic fertilizer：By 50 parts of agricultural crop straw, 50 parts of human and animal excreta is well mixed after being respectively crushed into；MixedInoculation fermentation bacterium in raw material is closed, is 35% in humidity, temperature carries out aerobic fermentation 5d under conditions of being 65 DEG C, then is in humidity45%, temperature enters anaerobic fermentation 10d under conditions of being 55 DEG C；By the raw material drying fermented, crushing, the organic fertilizer to sieve；Inorganic fertilizer：Mixed by potassium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate by the ratio between amount of N P and K material for the ︰ 1 of 3 ︰ 1；GrassWood ash：Plant haulm remaining after combustion ashes；Root-growing agent：Indolebutyric acid；Humate：By potassium humate, calcium humate, humicSour iron, mix；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer：It is 5 ︰ to press the ratio between number of viable by colloid bacillus cereus, trichoderma harzianum and saccharomycete1 ︰ 3 is mixed；
(2) take respectively 40 parts organic fertilizer, 35 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.5 part of root-growing agent, 3 parts of corruptionGrow hydrochlorate, 5 parts of microbial-bacterial fertilizer carry out it is well mixed after be eased the special complex fertilizer of citrus yellow.
Embodiment 3
(1) organic fertilizer：By 80 parts of agricultural crop straw, 30 parts of human and animal excreta, 10 parts of sweet wormwood mixes after being respectively crushed intoClose uniform；The inoculation fermentation bacterium in mixed raw material, it is 40% in humidity, temperature carries out aerobic fermentation under conditions of being 55 DEG C10d, then humidity be 40%, temperature be 45 DEG C under conditions of enter anaerobic fermentation 5d；By the raw material drying fermented, crushing,The organic fertilizer of sieving；Inorganic fertilizer：It is 5 ︰ that the ratio between amount of N P and K material is pressed by urea, potassium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate1 ︰ 1 is mixed；Plant ash：Plant haulm remaining after combustion ashes；Root-growing agent：By methyl α-naphthyl acetate and compound sodium nitrophenolate mixingInto；Humate：Mixed by sodium humate, potassium humate, calcium humate, ferric humate, humic acid copper, Humic acid Magnesium；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer：Colloid bacillus cereus, trichoderma harzianum, the ratio between the number of viable of saccharomycete are the ︰ 5 of 8 ︰ 1；
(2) take respectively 70 parts organic fertilizer, 20 parts of plant ash, 25 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.1 part of root-growing agent, 5 parts of corruptionGrow hydrochlorate, 2 parts of microbial-bacterial fertilizer carry out it is well mixed after be eased the special complex fertilizer of citrus yellow.
Comparative example 1
(1) organic fertilizer：By 70 parts of agricultural crop straw, 40 parts of human and animal excreta, 30 parts of sweet wormwood mixes after being respectively crushed intoClose uniform；The inoculation fermentation bacterium in mixed raw material, it is 38% in humidity, temperature carries out aerobic fermentation under conditions of being 60 DEG C8d, then humidity be 43%, temperature be 50 DEG C under conditions of enter anaerobic fermentation 6d；By the raw material drying fermented, crushing, mistakeThe organic fertilizer of sieve；Inorganic fertilizer：It is the ︰ of 4 ︰ 1 that the ratio between amount of N P and K material is pressed by urea, potassium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate1 is mixed；Plant ash：Plant haulm remaining after combustion ashes；Root-growing agent：It is made up of heteroauxin and methyl α-naphthyl acetate；It is rottenGrow hydrochlorate：Mixed by potassium humate, humic acid copper and Humic acid Magnesium；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer：By colloid bacillus cereus, breathe out thatch woodMould is that 1 ︰ 4 is mixed by the ratio between number of viable；
(2) take respectively 50 parts organic fertilizer, 28 parts of plant ash, 18 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.3 part of root-growing agent, 4 parts of corruptionGrow hydrochlorate, 3 parts of microbial-bacterial fertilizer carries out obtaining composite fertilizer after being well mixed.
Comparative example 2
(1) organic fertilizer：By 70 parts of agricultural crop straw, 40 parts of human and animal excreta, 30 parts of sweet wormwood mixes after being respectively crushed intoClose uniform；The inoculation fermentation bacterium in mixed raw material, it is 38% in humidity, temperature carries out aerobic fermentation under conditions of being 60 DEG C8d, then humidity be 43%, temperature be 50 DEG C under conditions of enter anaerobic fermentation 6d；By the raw material drying fermented, crushing, mistakeThe organic fertilizer of sieve；Inorganic fertilizer：It is the ︰ of 4 ︰ 1 that the ratio between amount of N P and K material is pressed by urea, potassium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate1 is mixed；Plant ash：Plant haulm remaining after combustion ashes；Humate：By potassium humate, humic acid copper and corruptionSour magnesium is grown to mix；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer：It is 6 ︰ to press the ratio between number of viable by colloid bacillus cereus, trichoderma harzianum and saccharomycete1 ︰ 4 is mixed；
(2) take respectively 50 parts organic fertilizer, 28 parts of plant ash, 18 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 4 parts of humate, 3 parts micro-Bio-bacterial manure carries out obtaining composite fertilizer after being well mixed.
Comparative example 3
(1) organic fertilizer：By 70 parts of agricultural crop straw, 40 parts of human and animal excreta, 30 parts of sweet wormwood mixes after being respectively crushed intoClose uniform；The inoculation fermentation bacterium in mixed raw material, it is 38% in humidity, temperature carries out aerobic fermentation under conditions of being 60 DEG C8d, then humidity be 43%, temperature be 50 DEG C under conditions of enter anaerobic fermentation 6d；By the raw material drying fermented, crushing, mistakeThe organic fertilizer of sieve；Inorganic fertilizer：It is the ︰ of 4 ︰ 1 that the ratio between amount of N P and K material is pressed by urea, potassium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate1 is mixed；Plant ash：Plant haulm remaining after combustion ashes；Root-growing agent：It is made up of heteroauxin and methyl α-naphthyl acetate；It is rottenGrow hydrochlorate：Mixed by potassium humate, humic acid copper and Humic acid Magnesium；
(2) take respectively 50 parts organic fertilizer, 28 parts of plant ash, 18 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.3 part of root-growing agent, 4 parts of corruptionHydrochlorate is grown to carry out obtaining using composite fertilizer after being well mixed.
Comparative example 4
(1) organic fertilizer：By 70 parts of agricultural crop straw, 40 parts of human and animal excreta, 30 parts of sweet wormwood mixes after being respectively crushed intoClose uniform；The inoculation fermentation bacterium in mixed raw material, it is 38% in humidity, temperature carries out aerobic fermentation under conditions of being 60 DEG C8d, then humidity be 43%, temperature be 50 DEG C under conditions of enter anaerobic fermentation 6d；By the raw material drying fermented, crushing, mistakeThe organic fertilizer of sieve；Inorganic fertilizer：It is the ︰ of 4 ︰ 1 that the ratio between amount of N P and K material is pressed by urea, potassium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate1 is mixed；Plant ash：Plant haulm remaining after combustion ashes；Root-growing agent：It is made up of heteroauxin and methyl α-naphthyl acetate；It is rottenGrow hydrochlorate：Mixed by potassium humate, humic acid copper and Humic acid Magnesium；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer：By colloid bacillus cereus, breathe out thatch woodYeast and mold is that the ︰ 1 of 3 ︰ 1 are mixed by the ratio between number of viable；
(2) take respectively 50 parts organic fertilizer, 28 parts of plant ash, 18 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.3 part of root-growing agent, 4 parts of corruptionGrow hydrochlorate, 3 parts of microbial-bacterial fertilizer carries out obtaining composite fertilizer after being well mixed.
160 plants of 2 years age of trees, the citrus diseased plant with yellows are chosen, 8 groups (every group 20 plants) are randomly divided into, wherein 7 componentsNot Shi Yong above-described embodiment 1-3 and the preparation-obtained composite fertilizers of comparative example 1-4 (every plant is applied 250g), the 8th group (comparative example 5)Composite fertilizer is often used using identical weight, diseased plant growing state is observed behind 10 days and 20 days, and is recorded, data record is as followsTable：
By above-mentioned experimental record data, the special complex fertilizer that is prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1,3 can be effectiveThe death rate of citrus diseased plant yellows is reduced, and the recovery of diseased plant can be promoted；Organic fertilizer in embodiment 2 is not carried out using sweet wormwoodFermentation, the inhibition of harmful levels of pathogens is disappeared, composite fertilizer reduces to the effect of citrus yellows；It is and compound in comparative example 1Microbial-bacterial fertilizer in fertilizer is not added with saccharomycete, and the synergistic function of microbial-bacterial fertilizer disappears, to harmful levels of pathogens in soilInhibitory action weakens, thus, the yellows remission effect of citrus is deteriorated, the increase of the diseased plant death rate, a turn green strain number significantly reduce；The un-added root-growing agent of composite fertilizer in comparative example 2, it is impossible to promote the regeneration of diseased plant root, absorption effect of the diseased plant to nutrientFruit is poor, and the death rate is high, and diseased plant recovery effects are poor；Composite fertilizer in comparative example 3 is not added with microbial-bacterial fertilizer, it is impossible to in soilHarmful levels of pathogens is suppressed, and is also unfavorable for improving soil environment, the diseased plant death rate is high, and recovery effects are poor；Do not adopted in comparative example 4With content of microorganisms ratio in the microbial-bacterial fertilizer in the present invention, synergistic function disappears, harmful levels of pathogens in soil is suppressedEffect is deteriorated, and the diseased plant death rate is higher, and recovery effects are deteriorated；Composite fertilizer is commonly used in comparative example 5, it is impossible to effectively alleviate the Huang of citrusChange illness, the recovery of diseased plant, diseased plant mortality can not be promoted.