技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种渗流试验装置及渗流试验方法，具体涉及一种水平渗流试验装置及其使用方法，属于岩土工程试验设备领域。The invention relates to a seepage test device and a seepage test method, in particular to a horizontal seepage test device and a use method thereof, belonging to the field of geotechnical engineering test equipment.
背景技术Background technique
渗流理论在水利、土建、给水排水、环境保护、地质、石油、化工等许多领域都有广泛的应用。在水利工程中，最常用的渗流问题有：土壤及透水地基上水工建筑物的渗漏及稳定，水井、集水廊道等集水建筑物的设计计算，水库及河渠边岸的侧渗等等。水利工程中有很多方面涉及渗流。例如水工建筑物的透水地基中以及与建筑物连接的岩层或土体中的绕渗及渗流、挡水土坝中的渗流、灌溉抽水或施工排水时在地层中引起的渗流等。主要研究的渗流问题是：渗流区域内的水头或地下水位的分布、渗流量的确定、渗流作用于建筑物基底上的力、渗流速度分布及其引起的土体结构变形等。Seepage theory is widely used in water conservancy, civil engineering, water supply and drainage, environmental protection, geology, petroleum, chemical industry and many other fields. In water conservancy projects, the most commonly used seepage problems are: seepage and stability of hydraulic structures on soil and permeable foundations, design and calculation of water collection structures such as wells and water collection corridors, side seepage of reservoirs and river canal banks wait. Seepage is involved in many aspects of hydraulic engineering. For example, the seepage and seepage in the permeable foundation of the hydraulic structure and the rock formation or soil connected to the building, the seepage in the water retaining dam, the seepage caused in the stratum during irrigation pumping or construction drainage, etc. The main seepage problems studied are: the distribution ofwater head or groundwater level in the seepage area, the determination of seepage volume, the force of seepage acting on the building base, the distribution of seepage velocity and the deformation of soil structure caused by it.
在岩土工程领域当中，无论是地下工程建设还是地质灾害的防控工作，渗透系数都是一项极其重要的岩土介质特性表征参数。地质灾害中滑坡灾害的发生绝大部分与降雨直接或者间接相关，所以为了做好滑坡灾害的防控工作，对滑体岩土介质渗流规律的研究势在必行且必须深入。然而，目前的大部分科研工作仅仅对岩土介质的竖向渗流展开，对岩土介质的水平渗流规律的研究亟待深入。滑坡中发生频率较高的松散堆积体滑坡滑体物质下方往往为基岩，降雨水分入渗之后至基岩部位将停止入渗而水平向入渗还在继续，众多科研工作者忽视了水分的水平渗流对滑坡产生的影响。In the field of geotechnical engineering, whether it is underground engineering construction or the prevention and control of geological disasters, the permeability coefficient is an extremely important characteristic parameter of rock and soil media. Most landslide disasters in geological disasters are directly or indirectly related to rainfall. Therefore, in order to prevent and control landslide disasters, it is imperative and in-depth research on the seepage law of landslide rock and soil media. However, most of the current scientific research work is only carried out on the vertical seepage of rock-soil media, and the research on the law of horizontal seepage in rock-soil media needs to be deepened urgently. In landslides, the loose accumulation body with a high frequency of occurrence is often bedrock below the landslide mass. After the infiltration of rainfall water, the infiltration to the bedrock will stop and the horizontal infiltration will continue. Many scientific researchers have ignored the water infiltration. The effect of horizontal seepage on landslides.
再者，在滑坡等模型试验当中，依据相似理论中的相似第三定理，两相似现象的单值量必须相似，这就对侧面渗流边界条件相似提出了要求。所以在进行模型试验之前，岩土介质的水平向渗透系数的测量对渗流边界条件的确定十分重要。Furthermore, in model tests such as landslides, according to the third theorem of similarity in the similarity theory, the single-valued quantities of two similar phenomena must be similar, which requires similarity in lateral seepage boundary conditions. Therefore, before the model test is carried out, the measurement of the horizontal permeability coefficient of the rock-soil medium is very important for the determination of the seepage boundary conditions.
纵观目前的水平渗流试验装置，皆存在或多或少的问题。土体水平向渗透系数测量仪公开了一种岩土介质水平渗透系数测量仪器(谷宏海,陈群.土体水平向渗透系数测量仪:CN,CN 102033034 A[P].2011.)，能够测得试样水平渗透系数以及抗渗坡降，但是该仪器制作成本较高，不便观测湿润锋随时间的变化，渗透系数的测量方法单一，不能形成对比。《一种非饱和土体水力特性的各向异性测量装置及测量方法》提供了一种通过蒸发方法测定土壤非饱和土体水力特征参数的方法(陈锐,刘坚,吴宏伟,等.一种非饱和土体水力特性的各向异性测量装置及测量方法,Anisotropy measurement apparatus and methodfor measuring non-saturated soil hydraulic properties:CN,CN 103822845A[P].2014.)，但是它不能测量岩土介质饱和渗流特征参数。《Journal of Arid Land》文章中提供了一种水平渗流试验装置(Hu S,Zhu H,Chen Y.One-dimensional horizontalinfiltration experiment for determining permeability coefficient of loamysand[J].Journal of Arid Land,2017,9(1):27-37.)，但是其水平柱为圆柱，土体压实仍为轴向压实，实际上测出的还是土体竖向渗透系数，且该设计用于粗粒土水平渗流试验必须扩大水平柱截面，可能会出现湿润锋不稳定的情况。Looking at the current horizontal seepage test devices, there are more or less problems. Soil horizontal permeability coefficient measuring instrument discloses a rock-soil medium horizontal permeability coefficient measuring instrument (Gu Honghai, Chen Qun. Soil horizontal permeability coefficient measuring instrument: CN, CN 102033034 A[P].2011.), which can The horizontal permeability coefficient and anti-seepage slope of the sample are measured, but the production cost of the instrument is high, and it is inconvenient to observe the change of the wetting front over time. The measurement method of the permeability coefficient is single and cannot be compared. "An Anisotropy Measuring Device and Method for the Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soil" provides a method for measuring the hydraulic characteristic parameters of unsaturated soil by evaporation method (Chen Rui, Liu Jian, Wu Hongwei, et al. Anisotropy measurement apparatus and method for measuring non-saturated soil hydraulic properties of saturated soil hydraulic properties, Anisotropy measurement apparatus and method for measuring non-saturated soil hydraulic properties: CN, CN 103822845A[P].2014.), but it cannot measure saturated seepage characteristics of rock and soil media parameter. The "Journal of Arid Land" article provides a horizontal seepage test device (Hu S, Zhu H, Chen Y. One-dimensional horizontal infiltration experiment for determining permeability coefficient of loamysand[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2017, 9( 1):27-37.), but the horizontal column is a cylinder, and the soil compaction is still axial compaction. In fact, the vertical permeability coefficient of the soil is measured, and this design is used for the horizontal seepage of coarse-grained soil The test must expand the section of the horizontal column, which may cause the instability of the wetting front.
发明内容Contents of the invention
基于以上考虑，为了全面分析岩土介质水平渗流特征，弥补现有试验装置的缺点，本发明提出一种水平渗流试验装置及其使用方法，能够有效模拟自然界中的岩土介质体的分层堆积情况，而且能够准确测得的渗透系数即为岩土介质体的水平渗透系数，本发明的装置可以使用多种方法测试水平渗流。Based on the above considerations, in order to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of rock-soil media horizontal seepage and make up for the shortcomings of existing test devices, the present invention proposes a horizontal seepage test device and its use method, which can effectively simulate the layered accumulation of rock-soil media in nature situation, and the permeability coefficient that can be accurately measured is the horizontal permeability coefficient of the rock-soil medium body, and the device of the present invention can use multiple methods to test horizontal seepage.
根据本发明提供的第一种实施方案，提供一种水平渗流试验装置：According to the first embodiment provided by the present invention, a horizontal seepage test device is provided:
一种水平渗流试验装置，该装置包括水室、渗流发生装置、支座。渗流发生装置设置在支座的上方。水室设置在渗流发生装置和支座的一侧。渗流发生装置为箱体结构。水室靠近渗流发生装置的一侧设有连接口，渗流发生装置靠近水室的一端设有水室连接口，渗流发生装置的水室连接口与水室的连接口连接并相通。渗流发生装置按照距离水室由近及远依次设有储水间、隔水间、筑土槽和集水槽。A horizontal seepage test device includes a water chamber, a seepage generating device and a support. The seepage generating device is arranged above the support. The water chamber is arranged on one side of the seepage generating device and the support. The seepage generating device is a box structure. The side of the water chamber close to the seepage generating device is provided with a connection port, and the end of the seepage generating device near the water chamber is provided with a water chamber connection port. The seepage generating device is provided with a water storage room, a water separation room, a soil building tank and a water collection tank in order from near to far from the water chamber.
在本发明中，所述水室为箱体结构，优选为长方体结构。In the present invention, the water chamber is a box structure, preferably a cuboid structure.
在本发明中，所述水室的顶部设有水室进水口流量阀。水室的侧面底部设有水室排水口阀门。水室的侧面并且位于渗流发生装置水平位置的上方设有水位调节阀门。In the present invention, the top of the water chamber is provided with a water chamber water inlet flow valve. The side bottom of the water chamber is provided with a water chamber drain valve. A water level regulating valve is arranged on the side of the water chamber and above the horizontal position of the seepage generating device.
在本发明中，渗流发生装置为箱体结构。渗流发生装置的一端为开口结构并与水室的连接口连接并相通。渗流发生装置还包括第一盖板、第一隔水板、第二隔水板、第一多孔板、第二多孔板。渗流发生装置的顶部的前端固定设有第一盖板，第一盖板上设有第一隔水板插口和第二隔水板插口。第一隔水板插口位于第一盖板的中间，第二隔水板插口位于第一盖板的后侧边缘。渗流发生装置的底部并且位于第一隔水板插口正下方的位置设有第一隔水板凹槽。渗流发生装置的底部并且位于第二隔水板插口正下方的位置设有第二隔水板凹槽。渗流发生装置的内部两侧侧壁上均设有第一多孔板插槽和第二多孔板插槽。第一隔水板设置在第一隔水板插口和第一隔水板凹槽之间。第二隔水板设置在第二隔水板插口和第二隔水板凹槽之间。第一多孔板设置在内部两侧侧壁上的第一多孔板插槽之间。第二多孔板设置在内部两侧侧壁上的第二多孔板插槽之间。第二隔水板和第一多孔板紧密设置。水室连接口、第一隔水板和渗流发生装置的两侧侧壁构成储水间。第一隔水板、第二隔水板和渗流发生装置的两侧侧壁构成隔水间。第一多孔板、第二多孔板和渗流发生装置的两侧侧壁构成筑土槽。第二多孔板、渗流发生装置的末端侧板和渗流发生装置的两侧侧壁构成集水槽。筑土槽的顶部设有第二盖板。In the present invention, the seepage generating device is a box structure. One end of the seepage generating device has an open structure and is connected and communicated with the connection port of the water chamber. The seepage generating device also includes a first cover plate, a first water barrier, a second water barrier, a first porous plate, and a second porous plate. The front end of the top of the seepage generating device is fixed with a first cover plate, and the first cover plate is provided with a first water barrier socket and a second water barrier socket. The first water barrier socket is located in the middle of the first cover, and the second water barrier socket is located at the rear side edge of the first cover. A first water baffle groove is provided at the bottom of the seepage generating device and directly below the first water baffle socket. A second water baffle groove is provided at the bottom of the seepage generating device and directly below the second water baffle socket. A first perforated plate slot and a second perforated plate slot are provided on the inner side walls of the percolation generating device. The first water baffle is arranged between the first water baffle socket and the first water baffle groove. The second water baffle is arranged between the second water baffle socket and the second water baffle groove. The first perforated plate is arranged between the first perforated plate slots on the inner two side walls. The second perforated plate is arranged between the second perforated plate slots on the inner two side walls. The second water barrier and the first porous plate are closely arranged. The connection port of the water chamber, the first water baffle and the side walls on both sides of the seepage generating device form the water storage room. The first water baffle, the second water baffle and the side walls on both sides of the seepage generating device form a water baffle. The first perforated plate, the second perforated plate and the side walls on both sides of the seepage generating device form the soil building tank. The second porous plate, the end side plate of the seepage generating device and the two side walls of the seepage generating device form a sump. The top of the soil building tank is provided with a second cover plate.
在本发明中，隔水间的底部或侧部下方设有隔水间排水阀。第一隔水板和/或第二隔水板的顶部设有拉手。In the present invention, a water compartment drain valve is provided at the bottom or under the side of the water compartment. A handle is provided on the top of the first water baffle and/or the second water baffle.
在本发明中，集水槽的底部或侧部下方设有渗流发生装置排水口。In the present invention, a water outlet of the seepage generating device is provided at the bottom or the side of the sump.
作为优选，第一隔水板的正面设有第一隔水板防水条。第一隔水板的侧面(或后面)设有第一隔水板固定凹槽。Preferably, the first water barrier is provided with a first waterproof strip on the front of the first water barrier. The side (or back) of the first water baffle is provided with a first water baffle fixing groove.
优选的是，第一隔水板固定凹槽设置在第一隔水板防水条的上方。Preferably, the fixing groove of the first water baffle is arranged above the waterproof strip of the first water baffle.
作为优选，第二隔水板的正面设有第二隔水板防水条。第二隔水板的侧面(或后面)设有第二隔水板固定凹槽。Preferably, the second water barrier is provided with a waterproof strip on the front of the second water barrier. The side (or back) of the second water baffle is provided with a second water baffle fixing groove.
优选的是，第二隔水板固定凹槽设置在第二隔水板防水条的上方。Preferably, the fixing groove of the second water baffle is arranged above the waterproof strip of the second water baffle.
作为优选，水室的侧面上设有1-30个水位调节阀门，优选设有2-20个水位调节阀门，更优选设有3-10个水位调节阀门。Preferably, 1-30 water level regulating valves are provided on the side of the water chamber, preferably 2-20 water level regulating valves are provided, more preferably 3-10 water level regulating valves are provided.
作为优选，相邻水位调节阀门之间的间距相同。Preferably, the distances between adjacent water level regulating valves are the same.
作为优选，第二盖板上设有测试孔。Preferably, a test hole is provided on the second cover.
作为优选，第二盖板上设有2-20个测试孔，优选设有3-10个测试孔，更优选设有4-8个测试孔。Preferably, 2-20 test holes are provided on the second cover plate, preferably 3-10 test holes are provided, more preferably 4-8 test holes are provided.
作为优选，渗流发生装置的水室连接口与水室的连接口通过防水密封板和连接螺栓紧密连接。Preferably, the connection port of the water chamber of the seepage generating device is closely connected with the connection port of the water chamber through a waterproof sealing plate and connecting bolts.
作为优选，支座的高度为渗流发生装置高度的0.5-2倍，优选为0.6-1.5倍，更优选为0.7-1.2倍。Preferably, the height of the support is 0.5-2 times the height of the seepage generating device, preferably 0.6-1.5 times, more preferably 0.7-1.2 times.
在本发明中，第一多孔板和第二多孔板上设有透水小孔。In the present invention, the first porous plate and the second porous plate are provided with small water-permeable holes.
作为优选，所述水室和渗流发生装置为透明材料，优选为有机玻璃或亚克力材料。Preferably, the water chamber and the seepage generating device are made of transparent materials, preferably plexiglass or acrylic materials.
根据本发明提供的第二种实施方案，提供一种测试水平渗流的方法：According to the second embodiment provided by the present invention, a method for testing horizontal seepage is provided:
一种测试水平渗流的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：A method of testing horizontal seepage, the method comprising the steps of:
1)配置好与岩土介质相似材料，确定材料的填筑密实度以及分层填筑厚度；1) Configure materials similar to the rock-soil medium, and determine the filling density of the material and the thickness of the layered filling;
2)在渗流发生装置插入第一隔水板、第二隔水板、第一多孔板、第二多孔板，并在第一隔水板上贴好第一隔水板防水条，在第二隔水板上贴好第二隔水板防水条，分别密封好第一多孔板、第二多孔板与渗流发生装置接触面，分别在第一多孔板、第二多孔板靠近筑土槽的一侧布置好滤布，在筑土槽的外部绘制好填筑分层基线；2) Insert the first water barrier, the second water barrier, the first porous plate, and the second porous plate in the seepage generating device, and paste the first water barrier on the first water barrier, Paste the waterproof strip of the second water barrier on the second water barrier, seal the contact surfaces of the first porous plate, the second porous plate and the seepage generating device respectively, Arrange the filter cloth near the side of the soil-building tank, and draw the filling layered baseline outside the soil-building tank;
3)按照每层所需材料质量将材料填入筑土槽，然后分层填筑压实，层与层之间刮毛以确保紧密接触，在填筑材料中等间距布置基质吸力或孔隙水压力传感器，填筑好后传感器导线由第二盖板上的测试孔引出，并盖好第二盖板，密封；3) Fill the material into the soil tank according to the required material quality of each layer, and then fill and compact it layer by layer, shaving between layers to ensure close contact, and arrange matrix suction or pore water pressure sensors at equal intervals in the filling material , after filling, the sensor wire is led out from the test hole on the second cover plate, and the second cover plate is covered and sealed;
4)打开水室进水口流量阀，给水室加水，待加水至渗流发生装置底部外表面所处高度时，开启隔水间排水阀，排走漏水，保证筑土槽在试验开始前干燥；然后调节水室进水口流量阀，调节往水室内的加水速率至设定水位，并调节水位调节阀门以保证水位恒定；4) Open the flow valve of the water inlet of the water chamber, add water to the water chamber, and when the water is added to the height of the outer surface of the bottom of the seepage generating device, open the drain valve of the water separation chamber to drain the leaking water and ensure that the soil tank is dry before the test begins; then adjust The flow valve at the water inlet of the water chamber adjusts the rate of adding water to the water chamber to the set water level, and adjusts the water level regulating valve to ensure a constant water level;
5)打开第一隔水板，使得第一隔水板防水条紧贴渗流发生装置顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第一隔水板固定凹槽固定，密封，并关闭隔水间排水阀，调节供水速率使储水间、隔水间充满水，同时调节水位调节阀门维持水位稳定；5) Open the first water baffle so that the waterproof strip of the first water baffle is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device, and insert a clamp on the outside into the fixing groove of the first water baffle to fix it, seal it, and close the drain valve in the water baffle , adjust the water supply rate so that the water storage room and the water isolation room are filled with water, and at the same time adjust the water level regulating valve to maintain a stable water level;
6)打开第二隔水板，使得第二隔水板防水条紧贴渗流发生装置顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第二隔水板固定凹槽固定，密封，渗流试验开始，通过调节水位调节阀门，维持水位稳定；6) Open the second water baffle so that the waterproof strip of the second water baffle is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device, and insert a clamp on the outside into the fixing groove of the second water baffle to fix it, seal it, and start the seepage test. By adjusting the water level Adjust the valve to maintain a stable water level;
7)待渗流稳定时，通过基质吸力或孔隙水压力传感器记录数据。7) When the seepage is stable, record the data through the matrix suction or pore water pressure sensor.
根据本发明提供的第三种实施方案，提供一种测试水平渗流的方法：According to a third embodiment provided by the present invention, a method for testing horizontal seepage is provided:
一种测试水平渗流的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：A method of testing horizontal seepage, the method comprising the steps of:
1)配置好与岩土介质相似材料，确定材料的填筑密实度以及分层填筑厚度；1) Configure materials similar to the rock-soil medium, and determine the filling density of the material and the thickness of the layered filling;
2)在渗流发生装置插入第一隔水板、第二隔水板、第一多孔板、第二多孔板，并在第一隔水板上贴好第一隔水板防水条，在第二隔水板上贴好第二隔水板防水条，分别密封好第一多孔板、第二多孔板与渗流发生装置接触面，分别在第一多孔板、第二多孔板靠近筑土槽的一侧布置好滤布，在筑土槽的外部绘制好填筑分层基线；2) Insert the first water barrier, the second water barrier, the first porous plate, and the second porous plate in the seepage generating device, and paste the first water barrier on the first water barrier, Paste the waterproof strip of the second water barrier on the second water barrier, seal the contact surfaces of the first porous plate, the second porous plate and the seepage generating device respectively, Arrange the filter cloth near the side of the soil-building tank, and draw the filling layered baseline outside the soil-building tank;
3)按照每层所需材料质量将材料填入筑土槽，然后分层填筑压实，层与层之间刮毛以确保紧密接触，从第二盖板上的测试孔插入水分探针，并盖好第二盖板，密封；3) Fill the material into the soil tank according to the required material quality of each layer, and then fill and compact it layer by layer, scrape between layers to ensure close contact, insert a moisture probe from the test hole on the second cover plate, And cover the second cover plate and seal it;
4)打开水室进水口流量阀，给水室加水，待加水至渗流发生装置底部外表面所处高度时，开启隔水间排水阀，排走漏水，保证筑土槽在试验开始前干燥；然后调节水室进水口流量阀，调节往水室内的加水速率至设定水位，并调节水位调节阀门以保证水位恒定；4) Open the flow valve of the water inlet of the water chamber, add water to the water chamber, and when the water is added to the height of the outer surface of the bottom of the seepage generating device, open the drain valve of the water separation chamber to drain the leaking water and ensure that the soil tank is dry before the test begins; then adjust The flow valve at the water inlet of the water chamber adjusts the rate of adding water to the water chamber to the set water level, and adjusts the water level regulating valve to ensure a constant water level;
5)打开第一隔水板，使得第一隔水板防水条紧贴渗流发生装置顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第一隔水板固定凹槽固定，密封，并关闭隔水间排水阀，调节供水速率使储水间、隔水间充满水，同时调节水位调节阀门维持水位稳定；5) Open the first water baffle so that the waterproof strip of the first water baffle is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device, and insert a clamp on the outside into the fixing groove of the first water baffle to fix it, seal it, and close the drain valve in the water baffle , adjust the water supply rate so that the water storage room and the water isolation room are filled with water, and at the same time adjust the water level regulating valve to maintain a stable water level;
6)打开第二隔水板，使得第二隔水板防水条紧贴渗流发生装置顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第二隔水板固定凹槽固定，密封，渗流试验开始，通过调节水位调节阀门，维持水位稳定；6) Open the second water baffle so that the waterproof strip of the second water baffle is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device, and insert a clamp on the outside into the fixing groove of the second water baffle to fix it, seal it, and start the seepage test. By adjusting the water level Adjust the valve to maintain a stable water level;
7)待渗流稳定时，记录不同时间间隔的入渗流量，即通过水室进水口流量阀的进水量与水位调节阀门出水量的差值得到入渗流量；并且还需得到湿润锋随时间的迁移变化情况，即通过水分探针测得，通过入渗流量改变水室水位，再次进行上述操作，记录数据。7) When the seepage is stable, record the infiltration flow at different time intervals, that is, the infiltration flow is obtained by the difference between the water inflow of the water inlet flow valve of the water chamber and the water output of the water level adjustment valve; and the wetting front with time Migration changes, that is, measured by the moisture probe, change the water level of the water chamber through the infiltration flow, perform the above operations again, and record the data.
根据本发明提供的第四种实施方案，提供一种测试水平渗流的方法：According to a fourth embodiment provided by the present invention, a method for testing horizontal seepage is provided:
一种测试水平渗流的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：A method of testing horizontal seepage, the method comprising the steps of:
1)配置好与岩土介质相似材料，确定材料的填筑密实度以及分层填筑厚度；1) Configure materials similar to the rock-soil medium, and determine the filling density of the material and the thickness of the layered filling;
2)在渗流发生装置插入第一隔水板、第二隔水板、第一多孔板、第二多孔板，并在第一隔水板上贴好第一隔水板防水条，在第二隔水板上贴好第二隔水板防水条，分别密封好第一多孔板、第二多孔板与渗流发生装置接触面，分别在第一多孔板、第二多孔板靠近筑土槽的一侧布置好滤布，在筑土槽的外部绘制好填筑分层基线；2) Insert the first water barrier, the second water barrier, the first porous plate, and the second porous plate in the seepage generating device, and paste the first water barrier on the first water barrier, Paste the waterproof strip of the second water barrier on the second water barrier, seal the contact surfaces of the first porous plate, the second porous plate and the seepage generating device respectively, Arrange the filter cloth near the side of the soil-building tank, and draw the filling layered baseline outside the soil-building tank;
3)按照每层所需材料质量将材料填入筑土槽，然后分层填筑压实，层与层之间刮毛以确保紧密接触，盖好第二盖板，密封；从第二盖板上的测试孔插入导水玻管；3) Fill the material into the soil tank according to the required material quality of each layer, then fill and compact in layers, scrape between layers to ensure close contact, cover the second cover, and seal; from the second cover The test hole on the top is inserted into the water guide glass tube;
4)打开水室进水口流量阀，给水室加水，待加水至渗流发生装置底部外表面所处高度时，开启隔水间排水阀，排走漏水，保证筑土槽在试验开始前干燥；然后调节水室进水口流量阀，调节往水室内的加水速率至设定水位，并调节水位调节阀门以保证水位恒定；4) Open the flow valve of the water inlet of the water chamber, add water to the water chamber, and when the water is added to the height of the outer surface of the bottom of the seepage generating device, open the drain valve of the water separation chamber to drain the leaking water and ensure that the soil tank is dry before the test begins; then adjust The flow valve at the water inlet of the water chamber adjusts the rate of adding water to the water chamber to the set water level, and adjusts the water level regulating valve to ensure a constant water level;
5)打开第一隔水板，使得第一隔水板防水条紧贴渗流发生装置顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第一隔水板固定凹槽固定，密封，并关闭隔水间排水阀，调节供水速率使储水间、隔水间充满水，同时调节水位调节阀门维持水位稳定；5) Open the first water baffle so that the waterproof strip of the first water baffle is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device, and insert a clamp on the outside into the fixing groove of the first water baffle to fix it, seal it, and close the drain valve in the water baffle , adjust the water supply rate so that the water storage room and the water isolation room are filled with water, and at the same time adjust the water level regulating valve to maintain a stable water level;
6)打开第二隔水板，使得第二隔水板防水条紧贴渗流发生装置顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第二隔水板固定凹槽固定，密封，渗流试验开始，通过调节水位调节阀门，维持水位稳定；6) Open the second water baffle so that the waterproof strip of the second water baffle is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device, and insert a clamp on the outside into the fixing groove of the second water baffle to fix it, seal it, and start the seepage test. By adjusting the water level Adjust the valve to maintain a stable water level;
7)待渗流稳定后，直至岩土介质完全湿润饱和之后，导水玻管中的水头值稳定之后读取各个导水玻管的水头值和渗流发生装置排水口单位时间内排出水量。7) After the seepage is stabilized, until the rock-soil medium is completely wetted and saturated, read the water head value of each water-guiding glass tube and the water discharge per unit time of the outlet of the seepage generating device after the head value in the water-guiding glass tube is stabilized.
在本发明中，所述渗流发生装置在靠近水室的一端设有水室连接口是指渗流发生装置在靠近水室的一端的整个截面开口，也即渗流发生装置的一端为开口结构，该水室连接口即为渗流发生装置的入水口。水室在靠近渗流发生装置的一侧设有连接口，所述连接口的大小与渗流发生装置的水室连接口的外部尺寸大小相当。水室的侧面底部设有水室排水口阀门，所述水室的侧面底部是指水室侧壁上且靠近水室底部的位置。In the present invention, the seepage generating device is provided with a water chamber connection port at one end close to the water chamber, which means that the seepage generating device has an entire cross-sectional opening at one end close to the water chamber, that is, one end of the seepage generating device is an open structure. The connection port of the water chamber is the water inlet of the seepage generating device. The water chamber is provided with a connecting port on a side close to the seepage generating device, and the size of the connecting port is equivalent to the external size of the connecting port of the water chamber of the seepage generating device. The side bottom of the water chamber is provided with a water chamber outlet valve, and the side bottom of the water chamber refers to a position on the side wall of the water chamber and close to the bottom of the water chamber.
在本发明中，渗流发生装置的前端是指渗流发生装置靠近水室的一端，相应的，渗流发生装置的末端(或后端)是指背离水室的一端。由此，所述渗流发生装置的顶部的前端固定设有第一盖板，即指渗流发生装置在靠近水室一端的顶部固定有第一盖板。所述渗流发生装置的末端侧板即指渗流发生装置设置在背离水室的一端侧面的侧板，也即设置在渗流发生装置与水室连接口相对的侧面的侧板。In the present invention, the front end of the seepage generating device refers to the end of the seepage generating device close to the water chamber, and correspondingly, the end (or rear end) of the seepage generating device refers to the end away from the water chamber. Therefore, the front end of the top of the seepage generating device is fixed with a first cover plate, that is to say, the seepage generating device is fixed with a first cover plate at the top near the end of the water chamber. The end side plate of the seepage generating device refers to the side plate of the seepage generating device disposed on the side facing away from the water chamber, that is, the side plate disposed on the side of the seepage generating device opposite to the connection port of the water chamber.
在本发明中，渗流发生装置按照距离水室由近及远依次设有储水间、隔水间、筑土槽和集水槽。而水室连接口、第一隔水板和渗流发生装置的两侧侧壁构成储水间；第一隔水板、第二隔水板和渗流发生装置的两侧侧壁构成隔水间；第一多孔板、第二多孔板和渗流发生装置的两侧侧壁构成筑土槽；第二多孔板、渗流发生装置的末端侧板和渗流发生装置的两侧侧壁构成集水槽。由此，第一隔水板、第二隔水板、第一多孔板和第二多孔板的位置按照距水室的距离由近及远设置，其中第二隔水板与第一多孔板紧密设置(或无间隙设置)。所述第一多孔板和第二多孔板上设有多个透水小孔，透水小孔在第一多孔板和/或第二多孔板上等间距或不等间距设置。In the present invention, the seepage generating device is sequentially provided with a water storage room, a water separation room, a soil building tank and a water collection tank according to the distance from the water chamber from near to far. The connection port of the water chamber, the first water baffle and the side walls on both sides of the seepage generating device form the water storage room; the first water baffle, the second water baffle and the two side walls of the seepage generating device form the water storage room; The first porous plate, the second porous plate and the side walls on both sides of the seepage generating device form a soil building tank; the second porous plate, the end side plates of the seepage generating device and the two side walls of the seepage generating device form a sump. Thus, the positions of the first water baffle plate, the second water baffle plate, the first porous plate and the second porous plate are set from near to far according to the distance from the water chamber, wherein the second water baffle plate is the same as the first multi-hole plate. The orifice plates are set tightly (or without gaps). The first porous plate and the second porous plate are provided with a plurality of water-permeable holes, and the water-permeable holes are arranged at equal intervals or unequal intervals on the first porous plate and/or the second porous plate.
此外，第一隔水板和/或第二隔水板的正面设有防水条，第一隔水板和/或第二隔水板的侧面(或后面)设有隔水板固定凹槽，所述第一隔水板或第二隔水板的正面是指第一隔水板或第二隔水板四个侧面中面积较大的两个侧面中靠近水室连接口的一面，所述第一隔水板或第二隔水板的侧面是指第一隔水板或第二隔水板四个侧面中面积较小的两个侧面(或其中一个侧面)。所述第一隔水板或第二隔水板的后面是指第一隔水板或第二隔水板四个侧面中与正面相对的那个面。作为优选，隔水板固定凹槽设置在隔水板防水条的上方，例如隔水板固定凹槽与隔水板防水条的竖向间距为一个渗流发生装置第一盖板的厚度。In addition, the front of the first water barrier and/or the second water barrier is provided with a waterproof strip, and the side (or back) of the first water barrier and/or the second water barrier is provided with a water barrier fixing groove, The front of the first water baffle or the second water baffle refers to the side near the connection port of the water chamber among the two sides with larger area among the four sides of the first water baffle or the second water baffle. The side surfaces of the first water baffle or the second water baffle refer to the two sides (or one of the sides) with the smaller area among the four sides of the first water baffle or the second water baffle. The back of the first water baffle or the second water baffle refers to the side opposite to the front among the four sides of the first water baffle or the second water baffle. Preferably, the fixing groove of the water barrier is arranged above the waterproof strip of the water barrier, for example, the vertical distance between the fixing groove of the water barrier and the waterproof strip of the water barrier is the thickness of the first cover plate of the seepage generating device.
一般，渗流发生装置的水室连接口与水室的连接口通过防水密封板和连接螺栓紧密连接。所述防水密封板设置在连接口的四周，防水密封板可以设置为长条形等多种形状，同时防水密封板上开有多个螺栓连接孔，进而通过连接螺栓将渗流发生装置的水室连接口与水室的连接口紧密连接。Generally, the connection port of the water chamber of the seepage generating device is closely connected with the connection port of the water chamber through a waterproof sealing plate and connecting bolts. The waterproof sealing plate is arranged around the connecting port, and the waterproof sealing plate can be set in a variety of shapes such as a strip shape. At the same time, there are a plurality of bolt connection holes on the waterproof sealing plate, and then connect the water chamber of the seepage generating device through the connecting bolts. The connecting port is closely connected with the connecting port of the water chamber.
在本发明中，支座的高度为渗流发生装置高度(即竖向棱长)的0.5-2倍，优选为0.6-1.5倍，更优选为0.7-1.2倍。所述支座的高度即为渗流发生装置的底面所在平面相对于水室底面所在平面的垂直距离。将支座设置一个合适高度，使得渗流发生装置的底面所在平面与水室底面所在平面不在同一个平面上，此种设计可以利用水室内的位于渗流发生装置底面所在平面下方水流的回流，使渗流发生装置的水室连接口即入水口截面水流速度更快趋于稳定，从而有效提高渗流发生装置的入水口截面水流速度稳定度，且在渗流开始之后确保岩土介质中湿润锋稳定迁移。一般，支座的大小以支撑渗流发生装置时渗流发生装置底面的周边留出富余为宜。In the present invention, the height of the support is 0.5-2 times, preferably 0.6-1.5 times, more preferably 0.7-1.2 times the height of the seepage generating device (ie, the length of the vertical edge). The height of the support is the vertical distance between the plane where the bottom surface of the seepage generating device is located and the plane where the bottom surface of the water chamber is located. Set the support at an appropriate height so that the plane where the bottom surface of the seepage generating device is located is not on the same plane as the plane where the bottom surface of the water chamber is located. The connection port of the water chamber of the generating device, that is, the water flow velocity at the water inlet section is faster and tends to be stable, thereby effectively improving the stability of the water flow velocity at the water inlet section of the seepage generating device, and ensuring the stable migration of the wetting front in the rock-soil medium after the seepage begins. Generally, the size of the support is preferably to leave a margin around the bottom surface of the seepage generating device when supporting the seepage generating device.
渗流发生装置的外部空间尺寸依据筑土槽的内部空间尺寸确定，而筑土槽的内部空间尺寸依据岩土介质粒度特征确定。The external space size of the seepage generating device is determined according to the internal space size of the soil tank, and the internal space size of the soil tank is determined according to the particle size characteristics of the rock-soil medium.
当岩土介质为最大粒径颗粒不大于5mm的细粒土时，筑土槽内部空间的横截面边长(横截面为与渗流方向垂直的面)设置为50mm～150mm，筑土槽内部空间长度(渗流方向)设置为截面边长的1倍以上。当岩土介质为最大粒径颗粒大于5mm的粗粒土时，筑土槽内部空间的横截面边长设置为最大粗粒土粒径的6倍以上，筑土槽内部空间长度设置为截面边长的2～3倍以上。When the rock-soil medium is fine-grained soil with the largest particle size not greater than 5mm, the side length of the cross-section of the internal space of the soil-building tank (the cross-section is the plane perpendicular to the seepage direction) is set to 50mm-150mm, and the length of the internal space of the soil-building tank ( Seepage direction) is set to more than 1 times the side length of the section. When the rock-soil medium is coarse-grained soil with the largest particle size greater than 5 mm, the side length of the cross-section of the inner space of the soil-building tank is set to be more than 6 times the particle size of the largest coarse-grained soil, and the length of the inner space of the soil-building tank is set to be the length of the side of the section. 2 to 3 times more.
此外，对于上述粗粒土与细粒土，渗流发生装置内部空间横截面较长边长为较短边长的1～1.5倍，渗流发生装置的水室连接口与第一隔水板之间的间距为筑土槽内部空间长度的0.1～0.3倍，第一隔水板与第二隔水板之间的间距为筑土槽内部空间长度的0.1～0.5倍，第二多孔板与渗流发生装置的末端侧板之间的间距为筑土槽内部空间长度的0.1～0.5倍。In addition, for the above-mentioned coarse-grained soil and fine-grained soil, the length of the longer side of the cross section of the internal space of the seepage generating device is 1 to 1.5 times the length of the shorter side. The distance between the first water barrier and the second water barrier is 0.1 to 0.5 times the length of the internal space of the soil tank, and the second porous plate and the seepage generating device The distance between the end side panels is 0.1 to 0.5 times the length of the internal space of the soil tank.
一般的，渗流发生装置的外部空间尺寸为：长度为30-800mm，优选为50-600mm，更优选为60-500mm；宽度为20-300mm，优选为30-200mm，更优选为50-150mm；高度为30-500mm，优选为40-400mm，更优选为50-300mm。Generally, the dimensions of the external space of the seepage generating device are as follows: the length is 30-800mm, preferably 50-600mm, more preferably 60-500mm; the width is 20-300mm, preferably 30-200mm, more preferably 50-150mm; The height is 30-500mm, preferably 40-400mm, more preferably 50-300mm.
与现有技术相比较，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明渗流发生装置底面与水室底面不在同一个平面上，两底面之间的垂直距离宜设置为渗流发生装置高度(即竖向棱长)的0.5-2倍，此种设计可以利用水室内的位于渗流发生装置底面所在平面下方水流的回流，使渗流发生装置的水室连接口即入水口截面水流速度更快趋于稳定，从而有效提高渗流发生装置的入水口截面水流速度稳定度，且在渗流开始之后确保岩土介质中湿润锋稳定迁移；1. The bottom surface of the seepage generating device of the present invention and the bottom surface of the water chamber are not on the same plane, and the vertical distance between the two bottom surfaces should be set to 0.5-2 times the height of the seepage generating device (i.e. the length of the vertical edge). This design can be used The backflow of the water flow in the water chamber below the plane where the bottom surface of the seepage generating device is located makes the water flow velocity of the water chamber connection port of the seepage generating device, that is, the water inlet section faster and tends to be stable, thereby effectively improving the water flow velocity stability of the water inlet section of the seepage generating device , and ensure the steady migration of the wetting front in the rock-soil medium after the onset of seepage;
2、本发明渗流发生装置为箱体结构，其上端开口构造，有利于岩土介质体的分层压实，能够有效模拟自然界中的岩土介质体的分层堆积情况，测得的渗透系数即为岩土介质体的水平渗透系数；2. The seepage generating device of the present invention is a box structure, and its upper end opening structure is conducive to the layered compaction of the rock-soil medium body, and can effectively simulate the layered accumulation of the rock-soil medium body in nature. The measured permeability coefficient That is, the horizontal permeability coefficient of the rock-soil medium body;
3、本发明渗流发生装置多孔板之前采用双层隔水板构造，此种设计可以保证渗流发生之前岩土介质干燥，且渗流开始之后岩土介质整个截面基本同时接触水流，保证试验准确；3. The perforated plate of the seepage generation device of the present invention adopts a double-layer water barrier structure before the seepage. This design can ensure that the rock-soil medium is dry before the seepage occurs, and after the seepage starts, the entire cross-section of the rock-soil medium is basically in contact with the water flow at the same time, ensuring the accuracy of the test;
4、本发明水平渗流试验方法提供了多种测量岩土介质渗透系数的方法，多种方法测量结果可以形成对比。4. The horizontal seepage test method of the present invention provides multiple methods for measuring the permeability coefficient of rock-soil media, and the measurement results of multiple methods can be compared.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种水平渗流试验装置的主视图；Fig. 1 is the front view of a kind of horizontal seepage test device of the present invention;
图2为本发明一种水平渗流试验装置的右视图；Fig. 2 is the right side view of a kind of horizontal seepage test device of the present invention;
图3为图2中A-A位置的剖视图；Fig. 3 is the sectional view of A-A position in Fig. 2;
图4为本发明一种水平渗流试验装置的立体结构图；Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a horizontal seepage test device of the present invention;
图5为本发明装置中水室的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is the structural representation of water chamber in the device of the present invention;
图6为本发明装置中渗流发生装置的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the seepage generating device in the device of the present invention;
图7为本发明装置中渗流发生装置的俯视图；Fig. 7 is the top view of seepage generation device in the device of the present invention;
图8为图7中B-B位置的剖视图；Fig. 8 is the sectional view of B-B position in Fig. 7;
图9为本发明装置中第一隔水板的结构示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the first water baffle in the device of the present invention;
图10为本发明装置中第二隔水板的结构示意图；Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the second water baffle in the device of the present invention;
图11为本发明装置中第二盖板的结构示意图；Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the second cover plate in the device of the present invention;
图12为本发明装置中水室连接口的结构示意图；Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the water chamber connection port in the device of the present invention;
图13为本发明装置中第一多孔板的结构示意图；Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the first porous plate in the device of the present invention;
图14为本发明一种水平渗流试验装置的使用状态示意图。Fig. 14 is a schematic view of a horizontal seepage test device in use according to the present invention.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1：水室；101：连接口；102：水室进水口流量阀；103：水室排水口阀门；104：水位调节阀门；2：渗流发生装置；201：水室连接口；202：储水间；203：隔水间；20301：隔水间排水阀；204：筑土槽；20401：第二盖板；20402：测试孔；205：集水槽；20501：渗流发生装置排水口；206：第一盖板；207：第一隔水板；20701：第一隔水板插口；20702：第一隔水板凹槽；20703：第一隔水板防水条；20704：第一隔水板固定凹槽；208：第二隔水板；20801：第二隔水板插口；20802：第二隔水板凹槽；20803：第二隔水板防水条；20804：第二隔水板固定凹槽；209：第一多孔板；20901：第一多孔板插槽；210：第二多孔板；21001：第二多孔板插槽；211：拉手；3：支座。1: water chamber; 101: connection port; 102: water chamber inlet flow valve; 103: water chamber outlet valve; 104: water level regulating valve; 2: seepage generating device; 201: water chamber connection port; 202: water storage room; 203: water barrier; 20301: drain valve of water barrier; 204: soil tank; 20401: second cover; 20402: test hole; 205: sump; Cover plate; 207: the first water baffle; 20701: the socket of the first water baffle; 20702: the groove of the first water baffle; 20703: the waterproof strip of the first water baffle; 20704: the fixing groove of the first water baffle ;208: the second baffle; 20801: the socket of the second baffle; 20802: the groove of the second baffle; 20803: the waterproof strip of the second baffle; 20804: the fixing groove of the second baffle; 209 : the first porous plate; 20901: the slot of the first porous plate; 210: the second porous plate; 21001: the slot of the second porous plate; 211: handle; 3: support.
具体实施方式detailed description
根据本发明提供的第一种实施方案，提供一种水平渗流试验装置。According to the first embodiment provided by the present invention, a horizontal seepage test device is provided.
一种水平渗流试验装置，该装置包括水室1、渗流发生装置2、支座3。渗流发生装置2设置在支座3的上方。水室1设置在渗流发生装置2和支座3的一侧。渗流发生装置2为箱体结构。水室1靠近渗流发生装置2的一侧设有连接口101，渗流发生装置2靠近水室1的一端设有水室连接口201，渗流发生装置2的水室连接口201与水室1的连接口101连接并相通。渗流发生装置2按照距离水室由近及远依次设有储水间202、隔水间203、筑土槽204和集水槽205。A horizontal seepage test device includes a water chamber 1 , a seepage generating device 2 and a support 3 . The seepage generating device 2 is arranged above the support 3 . The water chamber 1 is arranged on one side of the seepage generating device 2 and the support 3 . The seepage generating device 2 is a box structure. The side of the water chamber 1 close to the seepage generating device 2 is provided with a connecting port 101, and the end of the seepage generating device 2 near the water chamber 1 is provided with a water chamber connecting port 201, and the water chamber connecting port 201 of the seepage generating device 2 is connected to the The connection port 101 is connected and communicated. The seepage generating device 2 is provided with a water storage room 202 , a water isolation room 203 , an earth building tank 204 and a water collection tank 205 in order from near to far from the water chamber.
在本发明中，所述水室1为箱体结构，优选为长方体结构。In the present invention, the water chamber 1 is a box structure, preferably a cuboid structure.
在本发明中，所述水室1的顶部设有水室进水口流量阀102。水室1的侧面底部设有水室排水口阀门103。水室1的侧面并且位于渗流发生装置2水平位置的上方设有水位调节阀门104。In the present invention, the top of the water chamber 1 is provided with a water chamber water inlet flow valve 102 . The side bottom of the water chamber 1 is provided with a water chamber drain valve 103 . A water level regulating valve 104 is provided on the side of the water chamber 1 and above the horizontal position of the seepage generating device 2 .
在本发明中，渗流发生装置2为箱体结构。渗流发生装置2的一端为开口结构并与水室1的连接口101连接并相通。渗流发生装置2还包括第一盖板206、第一隔水板207、第二隔水板208、第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210。渗流发生装置2的顶部的前端固定设有第一盖板206，第一盖板206上设有第一隔水板插口20701和第二隔水板插口20801。第一隔水板插口20701位于第一盖板206的中间。第二隔水板插口20801位于第一盖板206的后侧边缘。渗流发生装置2的底部并且位于第一隔水板插口20701正下方的位置设有第一隔水板凹槽20702。渗流发生装置2的底部并且位于第二隔水板插口20801正下方的位置设有第二隔水板凹槽20802。渗流发生装置2的内部两侧侧壁上均设有第一多孔板插槽20901和第二多孔板插槽21001。第一隔水板207设置在第一隔水板插口20701和第一隔水板凹槽20702之间。第二隔水板208设置在第二隔水板插口20801和第二隔水板凹槽20802之间。第一多孔板209设置在内部两侧侧壁上的第一多孔板插槽20901之间。第二多孔板210设置在内部两侧侧壁上的第二多孔板插槽21001之间。第二隔水板208和第一多孔板209紧密设置。水室连接口201、第一隔水板207和渗流发生装置2的两侧侧壁构成储水间202。第一隔水板207、第二隔水板208和渗流发生装置2的两侧侧壁构成隔水间203。第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210和渗流发生装置2的两侧侧壁构成筑土槽204。第二多孔板210、渗流发生装置2的末端侧板和渗流发生装置2的两侧侧壁构成集水槽205。筑土槽204的顶部设有第二盖板20401。In the present invention, the seepage generating device 2 is a box structure. One end of the seepage generating device 2 is an open structure and is connected and communicated with the connection port 101 of the water chamber 1 . The seepage generating device 2 further includes a first cover plate 206 , a first water barrier plate 207 , a second water barrier plate 208 , a first porous plate 209 , and a second porous plate 210 . The front end of the top of the seepage generating device 2 is fixed with a first cover plate 206, and the first cover plate 206 is provided with a first water barrier socket 20701 and a second water barrier socket 20801. The first water barrier socket 20701 is located in the middle of the first cover plate 206 . The second water barrier socket 20801 is located at the rear side edge of the first cover plate 206 . A first water baffle groove 20702 is provided at the bottom of the seepage generating device 2 and directly below the first water baffle socket 20701 . A second water baffle groove 20802 is provided at the bottom of the seepage generating device 2 and directly below the second water baffle socket 20801 . A first perforated plate slot 20901 and a second perforated plate slot 21001 are provided on both side walls inside the percolation generating device 2 . The first water baffle 207 is disposed between the first water baffle socket 20701 and the first water baffle groove 20702 . The second water baffle 208 is disposed between the second water baffle socket 20801 and the second water baffle groove 20802 . The first perforated plate 209 is arranged between the first perforated plate slots 20901 on the inner two side walls. The second perforated plate 210 is arranged between the second perforated plate slots 21001 on the inner two side walls. The second water barrier 208 and the first porous plate 209 are closely arranged. The water chamber connection port 201 , the first water baffle plate 207 and the two side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute the water storage room 202 . The first water baffle 207 , the second water baffle 208 and the side walls on both sides of the seepage generating device 2 constitute the water baffle 203 . The first perforated plate 209 , the second perforated plate 210 and the sidewalls on both sides of the seepage generating device 2 constitute the soil building tank 204 . The second porous plate 210 , the end side plate of the seepage generating device 2 and the side walls on both sides of the seepage generating device 2 form a sump 205 . The top of the soil building tank 204 is provided with a second cover plate 20401 .
在本发明中，隔水间203的底部或侧部下方设有隔水间排水阀20301。第一隔水板207和/或第二隔水板208的顶部设有拉手211。In the present invention, a water compartment drain valve 20301 is provided at the bottom or side of the water compartment 203 . A handle 211 is provided on the top of the first water baffle 207 and/or the second water baffle 208 .
在本发明中，集水槽205的底部或侧部下方设有渗流发生装置排水口20501。In the present invention, a drainage port 20501 of the seepage generating device is provided at the bottom or side of the sump 205 .
作为优选，第一隔水板207的正面设有第一隔水板防水条20703。第一隔水板207的侧面(或后面)设有第一隔水板固定凹槽20704。Preferably, the first water-blocking board waterproof strip 20703 is provided on the front of the first water-blocking board 207 . The side (or back) of the first water baffle 207 is provided with a first water baffle fixing groove 20704 .
优选的是，第一隔水板固定凹槽20704设置在第一隔水板防水条20703的上方。Preferably, the first water barrier fixing groove 20704 is arranged above the first water barrier waterproof strip 20703 .
作为优选，第二隔水板208的正面设有第二隔水板防水条20803。第二隔水板208的侧面(或后面)设有第二隔水板固定凹槽20804。Preferably, the second water-blocking board waterproof strip 20803 is provided on the front of the second water-blocking board 208 . The side (or back) of the second water baffle 208 is provided with a second water baffle fixing groove 20804 .
优选的是，第二隔水板固定凹槽20804设置在第二隔水板防水条20803的上方。Preferably, the second water barrier fixing groove 20804 is arranged above the second water barrier waterproof strip 20803 .
作为优选，水室1的侧面上设有1-30个水位调节阀门104，优选设有2-20个水位调节阀门104，更优选设有3-10个水位调节阀门104。Preferably, 1-30 water level regulating valves 104 are provided on the side of the water chamber 1 , preferably 2-20 water level regulating valves 104 are provided, and more preferably 3-10 water level regulating valves 104 are provided.
作为优选，相邻水位调节阀门104之间的间距相同。Preferably, the distances between adjacent water level regulating valves 104 are the same.
作为优选，第二盖板20401上设有测试孔20402。Preferably, a test hole 20402 is provided on the second cover plate 20401 .
作为优选，第二盖板20401上设有2-20个测试孔20402，优选设有3-10个测试孔20402，更优选设有4-8个测试孔20402。Preferably, the second cover plate 20401 is provided with 2-20 test holes 20402 , preferably with 3-10 test holes 20402 , more preferably with 4-8 test holes 20402 .
作为优选，渗流发生装置2的水室连接口201与水室1的连接口101通过防水密封板和连接螺栓紧密连接。Preferably, the connection port 201 of the water chamber of the seepage generating device 2 is tightly connected to the connection port 101 of the water chamber 1 through a waterproof sealing plate and connecting bolts.
作为优选，支座3的高度为渗流发生装置2高度的0.5-2倍，优选为0.6-1.5倍，更优选为0.7-1.2倍。Preferably, the height of the support 3 is 0.5-2 times, preferably 0.6-1.5 times, more preferably 0.7-1.2 times the height of the seepage generator 2 .
在本发明中，第一多孔板209和第二多孔板210上设有透水小孔。In the present invention, the first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210 are provided with small water-permeable holes.
作为优选，所述水室1和渗流发生装置2为透明材料，优选为有机玻璃或亚克力材料。Preferably, the water chamber 1 and the seepage generating device 2 are made of transparent materials, preferably plexiglass or acrylic materials.
实施例1Example 1
如图1-4所示，一种水平渗流试验装置，该装置包括水室1、渗流发生装置2、支座3。渗流发生装置2设置在支座3的上方。水室1设置在渗流发生装置2和支座3的一侧。渗流发生装置2为箱体结构。水室1靠近渗流发生装置2的一侧设有连接口101，渗流发生装置2靠近水室1的一端设有水室连接口201，渗流发生装置2的水室连接口201与水室1的连接口101连接并相通。渗流发生装置2按照距离水室由近及远依次设有储水间202、隔水间203、筑土槽204和集水槽205。渗流发生装置2的水室连接口201与水室1的连接口101通过防水密封板和连接螺栓紧密连接。As shown in Figures 1-4, a horizontal seepage test device includes a water chamber 1, a seepage generating device 2, and a support 3. The seepage generating device 2 is arranged above the support 3 . The water chamber 1 is arranged on one side of the seepage generating device 2 and the support 3 . The seepage generating device 2 is a box structure. The side of the water chamber 1 close to the seepage generating device 2 is provided with a connecting port 101, and the end of the seepage generating device 2 near the water chamber 1 is provided with a water chamber connecting port 201, and the water chamber connecting port 201 of the seepage generating device 2 is connected to the The connection port 101 is connected and communicated. The seepage generating device 2 is provided with a water storage room 202 , a water isolation room 203 , an earth building tank 204 and a water collection tank 205 in order from near to far from the water chamber. The connection port 201 of the water chamber of the seepage generating device 2 is tightly connected with the connection port 101 of the water chamber 1 through a waterproof sealing plate and connecting bolts.
实施例2Example 2
如图5-13所示，重复实施例1，只是所述水室1为长方体结构。所述水室1的顶部设有水室进水口流量阀102。水室1的侧面底部设有水室排水口阀门103。水室1的侧面并且位于渗流发生装置2水平位置的上方设有水位调节阀门104。渗流发生装置2为箱体结构。渗流发生装置2的一端为开口结构并与水室1的连接口101连接并相通。渗流发生装置2还包括第一盖板206、第一隔水板207、第二隔水板208、第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210。渗流发生装置2的顶部的前端固定设有第一盖板206，第一盖板206上设有第一隔水板插口20701和第二隔水板插口20801。第一隔水板插口20701位于第一盖板206的中间。第二隔水板插口20801位于第一盖板206的后侧边缘。渗流发生装置2的底部并且位于第一隔水板插口20701正下方的位置设有第一隔水板凹槽20702。渗流发生装置2的底部并且位于第二隔水板插口20801正下方的位置设有第二隔水板凹槽20802。渗流发生装置2的内部两侧侧壁上均设有第一多孔板插槽20901和第二多孔板插槽21001。第一隔水板207设置在第一隔水板插口20701和第一隔水板凹槽20702之间。第二隔水板208设置在第二隔水板插口20801和第二隔水板凹槽20802之间。第一多孔板209设置在内部两侧侧壁上的第一多孔板插槽20901之间。第二多孔板210设置在内部两侧侧壁上的第二多孔板插槽21001之间。第二隔水板208和第一多孔板209紧密设置。水室连接口201、第一隔水板207和渗流发生装置2的两侧侧壁构成储水间202。第一隔水板207、第二隔水板208和渗流发生装置2的两侧侧壁构成隔水间203。第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210和渗流发生装置2的两侧侧壁构成筑土槽204。第二多孔板210、渗流发生装置2的末端侧板和渗流发生装置2的两侧侧壁构成集水槽205。筑土槽204的顶部设有第二盖板20401。隔水间203的底部或侧部下方设有隔水间排水阀20301。第一隔水板207和/或第二隔水板208的顶部设有拉手211。集水槽205的底部或侧部下方设有渗流发生装置排水口20501。第一隔水板207的正面设有第一隔水板防水条20703。第一隔水板207的侧面设有第一隔水板固定凹槽20704。第一隔水板固定凹槽20704设置在第一隔水板防水条20703的上方。第二隔水板208的正面设有第二隔水板防水条20803。第二隔水板208的侧面设有第二隔水板固定凹槽20804。第二隔水板固定凹槽20804设置在第二隔水板防水条20803的上方。水室1的侧面上设有6个水位调节阀门104。相邻水位调节阀门104之间的间距相同。第二盖板20401上设有6个测试孔20402。支座3的高度为渗流发生装置2高度的1.1倍。第一多孔板209和第二多孔板210上设有透水小孔。水室1和渗流发生装置2为有机玻璃。As shown in Figures 5-13, the embodiment 1 is repeated, except that the water chamber 1 is a cuboid structure. The top of the water chamber 1 is provided with a water chamber water inlet flow valve 102 . The side bottom of the water chamber 1 is provided with a water chamber drain valve 103 . A water level regulating valve 104 is provided on the side of the water chamber 1 and above the horizontal position of the seepage generating device 2 . The seepage generating device 2 is a box structure. One end of the seepage generating device 2 is an open structure and is connected and communicated with the connection port 101 of the water chamber 1 . The seepage generating device 2 further includes a first cover plate 206 , a first water barrier plate 207 , a second water barrier plate 208 , a first porous plate 209 , and a second porous plate 210 . The front end of the top of the seepage generating device 2 is fixed with a first cover plate 206, and the first cover plate 206 is provided with a first water barrier socket 20701 and a second water barrier socket 20801. The first water barrier socket 20701 is located in the middle of the first cover plate 206 . The second water barrier socket 20801 is located at the rear side edge of the first cover plate 206 . A first water baffle groove 20702 is provided at the bottom of the seepage generating device 2 and directly below the first water baffle socket 20701 . A second water baffle groove 20802 is provided at the bottom of the seepage generating device 2 and directly below the second water baffle socket 20801 . A first perforated plate slot 20901 and a second perforated plate slot 21001 are provided on both side walls inside the percolation generating device 2 . The first water baffle 207 is disposed between the first water baffle socket 20701 and the first water baffle groove 20702 . The second water baffle 208 is disposed between the second water baffle socket 20801 and the second water baffle groove 20802 . The first perforated plate 209 is arranged between the first perforated plate slots 20901 on the inner two side walls. The second perforated plate 210 is arranged between the second perforated plate slots 21001 on the inner two side walls. The second water barrier 208 and the first porous plate 209 are closely arranged. The water chamber connection port 201 , the first water baffle plate 207 and the two side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute the water storage room 202 . The first water baffle 207 , the second water baffle 208 and the side walls on both sides of the seepage generating device 2 constitute the water baffle 203 . The first perforated plate 209 , the second perforated plate 210 and the sidewalls on both sides of the seepage generating device 2 constitute the soil building tank 204 . The second porous plate 210 , the end side plate of the seepage generating device 2 and the side walls on both sides of the seepage generating device 2 form a sump 205 . The top of the soil building tank 204 is provided with a second cover plate 20401 . A water compartment drain valve 20301 is provided at the bottom or side of the water compartment 203 . A handle 211 is provided on the top of the first water baffle 207 and/or the second water baffle 208 . A drain outlet 20501 of the seepage generating device is provided at the bottom or side of the sump 205 . The front of the first water barrier 207 is provided with a first water barrier waterproof strip 20703 . The side of the first water baffle 207 is provided with a first water baffle fixing groove 20704 . The first water barrier fixing groove 20704 is disposed above the first water barrier waterproof strip 20703 . The front of the second water barrier 208 is provided with a second water barrier waterproof strip 20803 . The side of the second water baffle 208 is provided with a second water baffle fixing groove 20804 . The second water barrier fixing groove 20804 is disposed above the second water barrier waterproof strip 20803 . The side of the water chamber 1 is provided with 6 water level regulating valves 104 . The spacing between adjacent water level regulating valves 104 is the same. Six test holes 20402 are provided on the second cover plate 20401 . The height of the support 3 is 1.1 times the height of the seepage generating device 2 . The first perforated plate 209 and the second perforated plate 210 are provided with small water-permeable holes. The water chamber 1 and the seepage generating device 2 are plexiglass.
实施例3Example 3
重复实施例2，只是水室1的侧面上设有12个水位调节阀门104。第二盖板20401上设有10个测试孔20402。水室1和渗流发生装置2为亚克力材料。Repeat Example 2, except that the side of the water chamber 1 is provided with 12 water level regulating valves 104 . Ten test holes 20402 are provided on the second cover plate 20401 . The water chamber 1 and the seepage generating device 2 are made of acrylic material.
使用实施例1Use Example 1
使用实施例2的方法，一种测试水平渗流的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：Using the method of embodiment 2, a kind of method of testing horizontal seepage, the method comprises the following steps:
1)配置好与岩土介质相似材料，确定材料的填筑密实度以及分层填筑厚度；1) Configure materials similar to the rock-soil medium, and determine the filling density of the material and the thickness of the layered filling;
2)在渗流发生装置2插入第一隔水板207、第二隔水板208、第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210，并在第一隔水板207上贴好第一隔水板防水条20703，在第二隔水板208上贴好第二隔水板防水条20803，分别密封好第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210与渗流发生装置2接触面，分别在第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210靠近筑土槽204的一侧布置好滤布，在筑土槽204的外部绘制好填筑分层基线；2) insert the first water barrier 207, the second water barrier 208, the first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210 in the seepage generating device 2, and paste the first barrier on the first water barrier 207 Water plate waterproof strip 20703, paste the second water barrier strip 20803 on the second water barrier 208, respectively seal the contact surfaces of the first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210 and the seepage generating device 2, respectively Arrange the filter cloth on the side of the first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210 close to the soil building tank 204, and draw the filling layered baseline outside the soil building tank 204;
3)按照每层所需材料质量将材料填入筑土槽204，然后分层填筑压实，层与层之间刮毛以确保紧密接触，在填筑材料中等间距布置孔隙水压力传感器，填筑好后传感器导线由第二盖板20401上的测试孔20402引出，并盖好第二盖板20401，密封；3) Fill the material into the soil building tank 204 according to the required material quality of each layer, and then fill and compact in layers, shaving between layers to ensure close contact, arrange pore water pressure sensors at equal intervals in the filling materials, and fill After the construction is completed, the sensor wires are led out from the test hole 20402 on the second cover plate 20401, and the second cover plate 20401 is covered and sealed;
4)打开水室进水口流量阀102，给水室1加水，待加水至渗流发生装置2底部外表面所处高度时，开启隔水间排水阀20301，排走漏水，保证筑土槽204在试验开始前干燥。然后调节水室进水口流量阀102，调节往水室1内的加水速率至设定水位，并调节水位调节阀门104以保证水位恒定；4) Open the flow valve 102 at the water inlet of the water chamber, add water to the water chamber 1, and when the water is added to the height of the outer surface of the bottom of the seepage generating device 2, open the drain valve 20301 in the water separation room to drain away the leaking water, so as to ensure that the soil building tank 204 is at the beginning of the test. before drying. Then adjust the flow valve 102 at the water inlet of the water chamber, adjust the rate of adding water to the water chamber 1 to the set water level, and adjust the water level regulating valve 104 to ensure that the water level is constant;
5)打开第一隔水板207，使得第一隔水板防水条20703紧贴渗流发生装置2顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第一隔水板固定凹槽20704固定，密封，并关闭隔水间排水阀20301，调节供水速率使储水间202、隔水间203充满水，同时调节水位调节阀门104维持水位稳定；5) Open the first water baffle 207 so that the first water baffle waterproof strip 20703 is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device 2, insert the clamping plate on the outside into the first water baffle fixing groove 20704 to fix, seal, and close the water baffle The water drain valve 20301 adjusts the water supply rate so that the water storage room 202 and the water isolation room 203 are filled with water, and at the same time adjusts the water level regulating valve 104 to maintain a stable water level;
6)打开第二隔水板208，使得第二隔水板防水条20803紧贴渗流发生装置2顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第二隔水板固定凹槽20804固定，密封，渗流试验开始，通过调节水位调节阀门104，维持水位稳定；6) Open the second water baffle 208 so that the waterproof strip 20803 of the second water baffle is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device 2, insert a clamping plate on the outside into the fixing groove 20804 of the second water baffle to fix it, seal it, and start the seepage test , by adjusting the water level regulating valve 104, the water level is kept stable;
7)待渗流稳定时，通过孔隙水压力传感器记录数据。7) When the seepage is stable, record the data through the pore water pressure sensor.
使用实施例2Use Example 2
使用实施例3的方法，一种测试水平渗流的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：Using the method of embodiment 3, a kind of method of testing horizontal seepage, the method comprises the following steps:
1)配置好与岩土介质相似材料，确定材料的填筑密实度以及分层填筑厚度；1) Configure materials similar to the rock-soil medium, and determine the filling density of the material and the thickness of the layered filling;
2)在渗流发生装置2插入第一隔水板207、第二隔水板208、第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210，并在第一隔水板207上贴好第一隔水板防水条20703，在第二隔水板208上贴好第二隔水板防水条20803，分别密封好第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210与渗流发生装置2接触面，分别在第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210靠近筑土槽204的一侧布置好滤布，在筑土槽204的外部绘制好填筑分层基线；。2) insert the first water barrier 207, the second water barrier 208, the first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210 in the seepage generating device 2, and paste the first barrier on the first water barrier 207 Water plate waterproof strip 20703, paste the second water barrier strip 20803 on the second water barrier 208, respectively seal the contact surfaces of the first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210 and the seepage generating device 2, respectively Arrange the filter cloth on the side of the first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210 close to the soil-building tank 204, and draw the filling layered baseline outside the soil-building tank 204;
3)按照每层所需材料质量将材料填入筑土槽204，然后分层填筑压实，层与层之间刮毛以确保紧密接触，从第二盖板20401上的测试孔20402插入水分探针，并盖好第二盖板20401，密封；3) Fill the material into the soil building tank 204 according to the required material quality of each layer, and then fill and compact it layer by layer, scrape between layers to ensure close contact, and insert water from the test hole 20402 on the second cover plate 20401 Probe, and cover the second cover plate 20401, sealed;
4)打开水室进水口流量阀102，给水室1加水，待加水至渗流发生装置2底部外表面所处高度时，开启隔水间排水阀20301，排走漏水，保证筑土槽204在试验开始前干燥。然后调节水室进水口流量阀102，调节往水室1内的加水速率至设定水位，并调节水位调节阀门104以保证水位恒定；4) Open the flow valve 102 at the water inlet of the water chamber, add water to the water chamber 1, and when the water is added to the height of the outer surface of the bottom of the seepage generating device 2, open the drain valve 20301 in the water separation room to drain away the leaking water, so as to ensure that the soil building tank 204 is at the beginning of the test. before drying. Then adjust the flow valve 102 at the water inlet of the water chamber, adjust the rate of adding water to the water chamber 1 to the set water level, and adjust the water level regulating valve 104 to ensure that the water level is constant;
5)打开第一隔水板207，使得第一隔水板防水条20703紧贴渗流发生装置2顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第一隔水板固定凹槽20704固定，密封，并关闭隔水间排水阀20301，调节供水速率使储水间202、隔水间203充满水，同时调节水位调节阀门104维持水位稳定；5) Open the first water baffle 207 so that the first water baffle waterproof strip 20703 is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device 2, insert the clamping plate on the outside into the first water baffle fixing groove 20704 to fix, seal, and close the water baffle The water drain valve 20301 adjusts the water supply rate so that the water storage room 202 and the water isolation room 203 are filled with water, and at the same time adjusts the water level regulating valve 104 to maintain a stable water level;
6)打开第二隔水板208，使得第二隔水板防水条20803紧贴渗流发生装置2顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第二隔水板固定凹槽20804固定，密封，渗流试验开始，通过调节水位调节阀门104，维持水位稳定；6) Open the second water baffle 208 so that the waterproof strip 20803 of the second water baffle is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device 2, insert a clamping plate on the outside into the fixing groove 20804 of the second water baffle to fix it, seal it, and start the seepage test , by adjusting the water level regulating valve 104, the water level is kept stable;
7)待渗流稳定时，记录不同时间间隔的入渗流量，即通过水室进水口流量阀102的进水量与水位调节阀门104出水量的差值得到入渗流量。并且还需得到湿润锋随时间的迁移变化情况，即通过水分探针测得，通过入渗流量改变水室水位，再次进行上述操作，记录数据。7) When the seepage is stable, record the infiltration flow at different time intervals, that is, the difference between the water inflow through the water inlet flow valve 102 of the water chamber and the water output of the water level regulating valve 104 is obtained to obtain the infiltration flow. And it is also necessary to obtain the migration and change of the wetting front over time, that is, to measure it through the moisture probe, change the water level of the water chamber through the infiltration flow, perform the above operation again, and record the data.
使用实施例3Use Example 3
使用实施例2的方法，一种测试水平渗流的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：Using the method of embodiment 2, a kind of method of testing horizontal seepage, the method comprises the following steps:
1)配置好与岩土介质相似材料，确定材料的填筑密实度以及分层填筑厚度；1) Configure materials similar to the rock-soil medium, and determine the filling density of the material and the thickness of the layered filling;
2)在渗流发生装置2插入第一隔水板207、第二隔水板208、第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210，并在第一隔水板207上贴好第一隔水板防水条20703，在第二隔水板208上贴好第二隔水板防水条20803，分别密封好第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210与渗流发生装置2接触面，分别在第一多孔板209、第二多孔板210靠近筑土槽204的一侧布置好滤布，在筑土槽204的外部绘制好填筑分层基线；2) insert the first water barrier 207, the second water barrier 208, the first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210 in the seepage generating device 2, and paste the first barrier on the first water barrier 207 Water plate waterproof strip 20703, paste the second water barrier strip 20803 on the second water barrier 208, respectively seal the contact surfaces of the first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210 and the seepage generating device 2, respectively Arrange the filter cloth on the side of the first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210 close to the soil building tank 204, and draw the filling layered baseline outside the soil building tank 204;
3)按照每层所需材料质量将材料填入筑土槽204，然后分层填筑压实，层与层之间刮毛以确保紧密接触，盖好第二盖板20401，密封，从第二盖板20401上的测试孔20402插入导水玻管；3) Fill the material into the soil building tank 204 according to the required material quality of each layer, then fill and compact in layers, scrape between layers to ensure close contact, cover the second cover plate 20401, and seal it from the second The test hole 20402 on the cover plate 20401 is inserted into the water guide glass tube;
4)打开水室进水口流量阀102，给水室1加水，待加水至渗流发生装置2底部外表面所处高度时，开启隔水间排水阀20301，排走漏水，保证筑土槽204在试验开始前干燥。然后调节水室进水口流量阀102，调节往水室1内的加水速率至设定水位，并调节水位调节阀门104以保证水位恒定；4) Open the flow valve 102 at the water inlet of the water chamber, add water to the water chamber 1, and when the water is added to the height of the outer surface of the bottom of the seepage generating device 2, open the drain valve 20301 in the water separation room to drain away the leaking water, so as to ensure that the soil building tank 204 is at the beginning of the test. before drying. Then adjust the flow valve 102 at the water inlet of the water chamber, adjust the rate of adding water to the water chamber 1 to the set water level, and adjust the water level regulating valve 104 to ensure that the water level is constant;
5)打开第一隔水板207，使得第一隔水板防水条20703紧贴渗流发生装置2顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第一隔水板固定凹槽20704固定，密封，并关闭隔水间排水阀20301，调节供水速率使储水间202、隔水间203充满水，同时调节水位调节阀门104维持水位稳定；5) Open the first water baffle 207 so that the first water baffle waterproof strip 20703 is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device 2, insert the clamping plate on the outside into the first water baffle fixing groove 20704 to fix, seal, and close the water baffle The water drain valve 20301 adjusts the water supply rate so that the water storage room 202 and the water isolation room 203 are filled with water, and at the same time adjusts the water level regulating valve 104 to maintain a stable water level;
6)打开第二隔水板208，使得第二隔水板防水条20803紧贴渗流发生装置2顶部内壁，在外侧用卡板插入第二隔水板固定凹槽20804固定，密封，渗流试验开始，通过调节水位调节阀门104，维持水位稳定；6) Open the second water baffle 208 so that the waterproof strip 20803 of the second water baffle is close to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device 2, insert a clamping plate on the outside into the fixing groove 20804 of the second water baffle to fix it, seal it, and start the seepage test , by adjusting the water level regulating valve 104, the water level is kept stable;
7)待渗流稳定后，直至岩土介质完全湿润饱和之后，导水玻管中的水头值稳定之后读取各个导水玻管的水头值和渗流发生装置排水口20501单位时间内排出水量。7) After the seepage is stabilized, until the rock-soil medium is completely wetted and saturated, read the water head value of each water-guiding glass tube and the discharge water volume per unit time of the outlet 20501 of the seepage generating device after the head value in the water-guiding glass tube is stabilized.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710807447.3ACN107421874B (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2017-09-08 | A horizontal seepage test device and its use method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710807447.3ACN107421874B (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2017-09-08 | A horizontal seepage test device and its use method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107421874Atrue CN107421874A (en) | 2017-12-01 |
| CN107421874B CN107421874B (en) | 2023-10-10 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710807447.3AActiveCN107421874B (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2017-09-08 | A horizontal seepage test device and its use method |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107421874B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108318403A (en)* | 2018-04-10 | 2018-07-24 | 深圳大学 | A kind of cement-based material pervasion test device |
| CN109959598A (en)* | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-02 | 华北水利水电大学 | A seepage test method for drainage wells at the bottom of aquifers |
| CN110082274A (en)* | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-02 | 陕西秦海检测科技有限公司 | It is large-scale simple with coarse-grained soil horizontal permeation testing apparatus for heat deformation and test method |
| CN110093911A (en)* | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-06 | 吉林大学 | A kind of horizontal-hole blasting test device under Soft Ground Improved By Vacuum Preloading treatment conditions |
| CN111999476A (en)* | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-27 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Model test device for researching stability of excavation slope under influence of rainfall |
| CN112525797A (en)* | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-19 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Soil body horizontal permeability coefficient testing device |
| CN112730189A (en)* | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-30 | 湖南大学 | Sponge city facility water penetration and storage characteristic double-ring synchronous permeameter and detection method |
| CN113030437A (en)* | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tester for researching erosion and seepage characteristics of coastal flow |
| CN113029914A (en)* | 2021-04-13 | 2021-06-25 | 合肥泛远检测仪器有限公司 | Perpendicular permeameter of geotechnique's cloth |
| CN118961515A (en)* | 2024-08-14 | 2024-11-15 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Seepage test device and method suitable for different seepage media in cave temples |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003240701A (en)* | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-27 | Jdc Corp | Method and apparatus for evaluating water barrier performance of multilayer soil covering |
| JP2004177358A (en)* | 2002-11-29 | 2004-06-24 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Geological structure and hydraulic modeling equipment |
| CN1598533A (en)* | 2004-08-09 | 2005-03-23 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Automatic investigation system of rock-soil saturation infiltration |
| CN1793881A (en)* | 2005-12-20 | 2006-06-28 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 | Automatic determination device of soil moisture solute moving parameter |
| CN101140213A (en)* | 2007-10-11 | 2008-03-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | A fully automatic negative pressure infiltration measuring device |
| CN101294377A (en)* | 2008-06-20 | 2008-10-29 | 四川大学 | A swirl shaft provided with an aeration sill |
| CN201265164Y (en)* | 2008-09-28 | 2009-07-01 | 浙江大学 | Base pit engineering seepage failure model test apparatus |
| CN101949815A (en)* | 2010-08-10 | 2011-01-19 | 清华大学 | Permeameter and permeability coefficient measuring system with same |
| CN102033034A (en)* | 2010-10-29 | 2011-04-27 | 四川大学 | Soil body horizontal osmotic coefficient measuring apparatus |
| CN102262042A (en)* | 2011-07-07 | 2011-11-30 | 中国农业大学 | Continuous measurement device and method for soil infiltration capability of plough layer and plough pan of agricultural land |
| CN102353623A (en)* | 2011-07-07 | 2012-02-15 | 中国农业大学 | Farmland plow pan soil infiltration performance measuring device and method |
| CN103149339A (en)* | 2013-01-29 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Single fracture unsaturated seepage test system |
| CN203148473U (en)* | 2013-04-04 | 2013-08-21 | 四川大学 | Experiment water tank |
| CN103822845A (en)* | 2014-01-17 | 2014-05-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Anisotropy measurement device and measurement method of hydraulic characteristic of unsaturated soil body |
| CN203643304U (en)* | 2013-12-17 | 2014-06-11 | 河海大学 | A test device for studying seepage deformation under the condition of changing seepage flow velocity along the course |
| CN203705311U (en)* | 2014-01-16 | 2014-07-09 | 河海大学 | Experimental device for researching bidirectional piping under action of varying head |
| CN203824861U (en)* | 2014-04-10 | 2014-09-10 | 河海大学 | Testing device for studying seepage failure development of foundation pit soil |
| CN203949915U (en)* | 2014-03-28 | 2014-11-19 | 河海大学 | A kind of soil body penetration of studying destroys the multifunction test device developing |
| CN204023521U (en)* | 2014-05-22 | 2014-12-17 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | For the drain cavern structure of rotational flow silo |
| CN104819925A (en)* | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-05 | 湘潭大学 | Comprehensive test equipment for observing permeation and settlement of accumulated gravel soil |
| CN104880396A (en)* | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-02 | 上海大学 | Soil body two-direction seepage model device under external load action and testing method |
| CN105136647A (en)* | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-09 | 河海大学 | Bituminous mixture permeability testing device and method |
| CN105862652A (en)* | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-17 | 山东大学 | Physical model test device for studying piping failure process and test method |
| CN106226201A (en)* | 2016-09-14 | 2016-12-14 | 重庆交通大学 | A device and test method for testing the law of penetration failure under variable angle conditions |
| CN206339470U (en)* | 2016-12-31 | 2017-07-18 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris flow dam dam foundation soil horizontal infiltration experimental rig |
| CN107044112A (en)* | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-15 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Energy dissipation by aeration and gas explosion-proof flood discharge device and its flood discharging method |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003240701A (en)* | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-27 | Jdc Corp | Method and apparatus for evaluating water barrier performance of multilayer soil covering |
| JP2004177358A (en)* | 2002-11-29 | 2004-06-24 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Geological structure and hydraulic modeling equipment |
| CN1598533A (en)* | 2004-08-09 | 2005-03-23 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Automatic investigation system of rock-soil saturation infiltration |
| CN1793881A (en)* | 2005-12-20 | 2006-06-28 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 | Automatic determination device of soil moisture solute moving parameter |
| CN101140213A (en)* | 2007-10-11 | 2008-03-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | A fully automatic negative pressure infiltration measuring device |
| CN101294377A (en)* | 2008-06-20 | 2008-10-29 | 四川大学 | A swirl shaft provided with an aeration sill |
| CN201265164Y (en)* | 2008-09-28 | 2009-07-01 | 浙江大学 | Base pit engineering seepage failure model test apparatus |
| CN101949815A (en)* | 2010-08-10 | 2011-01-19 | 清华大学 | Permeameter and permeability coefficient measuring system with same |
| CN102033034A (en)* | 2010-10-29 | 2011-04-27 | 四川大学 | Soil body horizontal osmotic coefficient measuring apparatus |
| CN102262042A (en)* | 2011-07-07 | 2011-11-30 | 中国农业大学 | Continuous measurement device and method for soil infiltration capability of plough layer and plough pan of agricultural land |
| CN102353623A (en)* | 2011-07-07 | 2012-02-15 | 中国农业大学 | Farmland plow pan soil infiltration performance measuring device and method |
| CN103149339A (en)* | 2013-01-29 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Single fracture unsaturated seepage test system |
| CN203148473U (en)* | 2013-04-04 | 2013-08-21 | 四川大学 | Experiment water tank |
| CN203643304U (en)* | 2013-12-17 | 2014-06-11 | 河海大学 | A test device for studying seepage deformation under the condition of changing seepage flow velocity along the course |
| CN203705311U (en)* | 2014-01-16 | 2014-07-09 | 河海大学 | Experimental device for researching bidirectional piping under action of varying head |
| CN103822845A (en)* | 2014-01-17 | 2014-05-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Anisotropy measurement device and measurement method of hydraulic characteristic of unsaturated soil body |
| CN203949915U (en)* | 2014-03-28 | 2014-11-19 | 河海大学 | A kind of soil body penetration of studying destroys the multifunction test device developing |
| CN203824861U (en)* | 2014-04-10 | 2014-09-10 | 河海大学 | Testing device for studying seepage failure development of foundation pit soil |
| CN204023521U (en)* | 2014-05-22 | 2014-12-17 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | For the drain cavern structure of rotational flow silo |
| CN104819925A (en)* | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-05 | 湘潭大学 | Comprehensive test equipment for observing permeation and settlement of accumulated gravel soil |
| CN104880396A (en)* | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-02 | 上海大学 | Soil body two-direction seepage model device under external load action and testing method |
| CN105136647A (en)* | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-09 | 河海大学 | Bituminous mixture permeability testing device and method |
| CN105862652A (en)* | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-17 | 山东大学 | Physical model test device for studying piping failure process and test method |
| CN106226201A (en)* | 2016-09-14 | 2016-12-14 | 重庆交通大学 | A device and test method for testing the law of penetration failure under variable angle conditions |
| CN206339470U (en)* | 2016-12-31 | 2017-07-18 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris flow dam dam foundation soil horizontal infiltration experimental rig |
| CN107044112A (en)* | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-15 | 福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Energy dissipation by aeration and gas explosion-proof flood discharge device and its flood discharging method |
| Title |
|---|
| 董辉等: "堆积碎石土斜坡浅表入渗的空间分布与变异性研究", 岩土工程学报, vol. 39, no. 8, pages 1501 - 1509* |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108318403A (en)* | 2018-04-10 | 2018-07-24 | 深圳大学 | A kind of cement-based material pervasion test device |
| CN108318403B (en)* | 2018-04-10 | 2024-04-19 | 深圳大学 | Cement-based material penetration test device |
| CN109959598B (en)* | 2019-04-29 | 2021-10-15 | 华北水利水电大学 | A seepage test method for drainage wells at the bottom of aquifers |
| CN109959598A (en)* | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-02 | 华北水利水电大学 | A seepage test method for drainage wells at the bottom of aquifers |
| CN110082274A (en)* | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-02 | 陕西秦海检测科技有限公司 | It is large-scale simple with coarse-grained soil horizontal permeation testing apparatus for heat deformation and test method |
| CN110082274B (en)* | 2019-05-22 | 2024-05-10 | 陕西秦海检测科技有限公司 | Large-scale original grading coarse-grained soil horizontal penetration deformation tester and test method |
| CN110093911A (en)* | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-06 | 吉林大学 | A kind of horizontal-hole blasting test device under Soft Ground Improved By Vacuum Preloading treatment conditions |
| CN110093911B (en)* | 2019-06-10 | 2023-12-15 | 吉林大学 | A horizontal permeability coefficient testing device under vacuum preloading foundation treatment conditions |
| CN111999476A (en)* | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-27 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Model test device for researching stability of excavation slope under influence of rainfall |
| CN112525797A (en)* | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-19 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Soil body horizontal permeability coefficient testing device |
| CN112730189A (en)* | 2020-12-10 | 2021-04-30 | 湖南大学 | Sponge city facility water penetration and storage characteristic double-ring synchronous permeameter and detection method |
| CN113030437A (en)* | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tester for researching erosion and seepage characteristics of coastal flow |
| CN113029914A (en)* | 2021-04-13 | 2021-06-25 | 合肥泛远检测仪器有限公司 | Perpendicular permeameter of geotechnique's cloth |
| CN113029914B (en)* | 2021-04-13 | 2021-12-03 | 合肥泛远检测仪器有限公司 | Perpendicular permeameter of geotechnique's cloth |
| CN118961515A (en)* | 2024-08-14 | 2024-11-15 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Seepage test device and method suitable for different seepage media in cave temples |
| CN118961515B (en)* | 2024-08-14 | 2025-09-30 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Seepage test device and method suitable for different seepage media in cave temples |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107421874B (en) | 2023-10-10 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107421874B (en) | A horizontal seepage test device and its use method | |
| Youngs | Hydraulic conductivity of saturated soils | |
| US11300638B2 (en) | Laboratory test device for permeation grouting of impermeable material | |
| Bouwer | Rapid field measurement of air entry value and hydraulic conductivity of soil as significant parameters in flow system analysis | |
| CN203981507U (en) | A New Plane Strain Consolidation Test Device | |
| CN103592424B (en) | Bedding bank slope piestic water physical model test device | |
| CN110031369A (en) | The underwater slurry shield mud film of bad ground forms simulator and analogy method | |
| CN106018740A (en) | Piezocone penetration test calibration tank system | |
| CN114152543B (en) | Device and method for researching migration and diffusion of in-situ injection medicament in soil layer | |
| CN113464108A (en) | Water-drive gas reservoir failure type water invasion development physical model experiment method | |
| CN113552037A (en) | A device and method for testing seepage parameters of garbage dual porosity | |
| CN116519409A (en) | Coarse-grained soil sample preparation device and method for simulating seepage-erosion and measuring soil-water characteristics | |
| CN114965205B (en) | A method for calculating the permeability coefficient of porous aquifer based on flow velocity and flow direction measurement | |
| CN207488136U (en) | A kind of horizontal seepage flow test device | |
| CN110196151B (en) | Diving motion energy loss measuring instrument and method | |
| CN217466602U (en) | An experimental device for calculating the permeability coefficient of porous aquifers based on the measurement of flow velocity and flow direction | |
| Seymour | Air entrapment and consolidation occurring with saturated hydraulic conductivity changes with intermittent wetting | |
| CN115655981B (en) | Pollutant migration test system and method under flowing water and flowing water power alternation of submerged lake | |
| CN110164280A (en) | Head lines visualizer and the observation methods such as diving | |
| CN217277772U (en) | Test device for simulating moisture absorption characteristics of soil body on different soil layers | |
| CN213114742U (en) | Test device for measuring drainage capacity of drainage plate by using hoisting method | |
| CN211206497U (en) | Experimental Apparatus for Two-Phase Migration of Water and Gas Flow in Unsaturated Soil under Loading and Unloading Disturbance | |
| CN117782759B (en) | A method and device for making a fault physical model and experimentally evaluating plugging performance | |
| CN206235539U (en) | A kind of experimental provision of in-site detecting deposit vertical hydraulic conductivity | |
| CN115773975B (en) | Waste stone tailing mixture permeation deformation physical model test device |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |