技术领域technical field
本发明涉及3D打印设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种液态金属3D打印喷头装置及设有该装置的3D打印机。The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing equipment, in particular to a liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device and a 3D printer equipped with the device.
背景技术Background technique
3D打印技术是快速成型技术的一种，又称增材制造技术，是一种以计算机设计的数字模型文件为基础，以物件本身的材料，例如尼龙材料、石膏材料、金属材料、橡胶等材料为“墨水”，并以不同层构建创建部件。通常是利用熔融沉积式(简称FDM)、电子束自由成形制造(简称EBF)、分层实体制造(简称LOM)等方法，将塑料、金属或陶瓷粉末等墨水材料通过逐层打印的方式来制造物品。3D printing technology is a kind of rapid prototyping technology, also called additive manufacturing technology. Create parts for "ink" and build in different layers. Usually, ink materials such as plastic, metal or ceramic powder are printed layer by layer by using methods such as fused deposition method (FDM for short), electron beam free forming manufacturing (EBF for short), and layered entity manufacturing (LOM for short). thing.
对于纯金属、合金等材料的3D打印，目前大多采用的是选择性激光烧结技术(简称SLS)、激光工程化净成形技术(简称LENS)和电子束选区熔化技术(简称EBSM)三种典型工艺。在这些工艺中均采用金属粉末作为打印墨水，并在气体中进行冷却成型。综合应用了计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造(CAD/CAM)技术、材料科学、精密机械控制等多方面的知识和技术的3D金属打印技术，相比传统的减材制造技术，金属的3D打印大大缩短了产品研制周期，加快了新产品的制造速度，降低了成本，在珠宝、工业设计、建筑、工程和施工(AEC)、汽车、航空航天、牙科和医疗产业，以及其他领域都有广泛的应用前景。因此3D金属打印是当前金属制造技术的一个重要发展方向。但由于常规金属材料如铜、铝等熔点极高，往往需要极高的烧结温度，因此打印过程耗能高，控制难度大；部件在常规的空气冷却中效果较弱，结构件凝固成型时间过长，打印过程的控制困难，亟需改进；此外，熔融金属或金属粉末的输运和喷射过程复杂，一般采用机械泵及运动部件加以控制，这些因素均导致此类传统金属打印设备整体结构庞大而且复杂，价格昂贵，因而不易普及到大众或家庭中使用。For 3D printing of pure metals, alloys and other materials, three typical processes are currently used: Selective Laser Sintering (SLS for short), Laser Engineering Net Shaping (LENS for short) and Electron Beam Selective Melting (EBSM for short). . In these processes, metal powder is used as printing ink, and it is cooled and formed in gas. 3D metal printing technology, which comprehensively applies computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, material science, precision mechanical control and other aspects of knowledge and technology, compared with traditional subtractive manufacturing technology, metal 3D printing is greatly improved. It shortens the product development cycle, speeds up the manufacturing of new products, and reduces costs. It has a wide range of applications in jewelry, industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, and other fields. Application prospect. Therefore, 3D metal printing is an important development direction of current metal manufacturing technology. However, due to the high melting point of conventional metal materials such as copper and aluminum, high sintering temperature is often required, so the printing process consumes a lot of energy and is difficult to control; the effect of components is weak in conventional air cooling, and the solidification and molding time of structural parts is too long long, the control of the printing process is difficult, and needs to be improved urgently; in addition, the transportation and injection process of molten metal or metal powder is complicated, and mechanical pumps and moving parts are generally used to control it. These factors lead to the overall structure of such traditional metal printing equipment. And it is complicated and expensive, so it is not easy to popularize and use in the masses or families.
低熔点液态金属还没有被用于打印材料，但低熔点金属热导率大，粘度低，熔化凝固过程容易实现，其在打印技术领域的应用是一个全新的课题。Low-melting-point liquid metals have not been used as printing materials yet, but low-melting-point metals have high thermal conductivity, low viscosity, and easy melting and solidification. Their application in the field of printing technology is a new topic.
此外，传统的金属3D打印技术在尺寸上仍然有限制，最小的尺寸只能达到100至几百微米的量级，从很大程度上制约了现有的金属3D打印技术的发展。In addition, traditional metal 3D printing technology is still limited in size, and the smallest size can only reach the order of 100 to hundreds of microns, which greatly restricts the development of existing metal 3D printing technology.
鉴于上述背景技术的缺陷，本发明提供了一种液态金属3D打印喷头装置及设有该装置的3D打印机。。In view of the above-mentioned defects in the background technology, the present invention provides a liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device and a 3D printer equipped with the device. .
发明内容Contents of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供了一种液态金属3D打印喷头装置及设有该装置的3D打印机，能够实现液态金属的高精度微滴堆积打印。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device and a 3D printer equipped with the device, which can realize high-precision droplet accumulation printing of liquid metal.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solution
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种液态金属3D打印喷头装置，其特征在于，包括用于产生液态金属微液滴的液滴产生机构，所述液滴产生机构包括相交设置的液态金属微流道和主流体微流道，在所述主流体微流道内的连续相主流体的剪切力作用下，所述液态金属微流道内的液态金属能均匀分散成多组所述液态金属微液滴。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device, which is characterized in that it includes a droplet generating mechanism for generating liquid metal micro-droplets, and the droplet generating mechanism includes intersecting liquid metal The microchannel and the main fluid microchannel, under the shear force of the continuous phase main fluid in the main fluid microchannel, the liquid metal in the liquid metal microchannel can be uniformly dispersed into multiple groups of the liquid metal Micro-droplets.
进一步的，所述主流体微流道为至少两条，两条所述主流体微流道分别相对的连通在所述液态金属微流道的两侧，且均与所述液态金属微流道成一定角度相交设置；所述液态金属微流道的末端连通有喷嘴。Further, there are at least two main fluid microchannels, and the two main fluid microchannels are respectively connected to the two sides of the liquid metal microchannels, and both are formed with the liquid metal microchannels. Intersecting at a certain angle; the end of the liquid metal micro flow channel is connected with a nozzle.
进一步的，所述液滴产生机构还包括液态金属储液槽，所述液态金属储液槽的一端与液态金属微流道连通，另一端通过液态金属压力进口连接有压力控制机构，所述压力控制机构用于驱动并控制所述液态金属储液槽内的液态金属向液态金属微流道内流动的速度；所述液态金属储液槽上设有液态金属注入口。Further, the droplet generating mechanism also includes a liquid metal storage tank, one end of the liquid metal storage tank communicates with the liquid metal microchannel, and the other end is connected with a pressure control mechanism through the liquid metal pressure inlet, and the pressure The control mechanism is used to drive and control the speed at which the liquid metal in the liquid metal storage tank flows into the liquid metal micro-channel; the liquid metal storage tank is provided with a liquid metal injection port.
进一步的，所述主流体微流道通过主流体进样口连通有主流体采样瓶，所述主流体采样瓶与压力控制机构连通，以驱动并控制所述主流体微流道内的连续相主流体的流动速度。Further, the main fluid microchannel communicates with a main fluid sampling bottle through the main fluid sampling port, and the main fluid sampling bottle communicates with a pressure control mechanism to drive and control the continuous phase main flow in the main fluid microchannel. body flow velocity.
进一步的，所述压力控制机构为气压式微流体进样系统、注射泵或蠕动泵。Further, the pressure control mechanism is a pneumatic microfluidic sampling system, a syringe pump or a peristaltic pump.
进一步的，还包括加热控温机构，所述加热控温机构用于控制所述液滴产生机构内的液态金属的温度。Further, a heating and temperature control mechanism is also included, and the heating and temperature control mechanism is used to control the temperature of the liquid metal in the droplet generating mechanism.
进一步的，所述加热控温机构包括热电片、电加热丝和热电偶，所述热电片设置于所述液滴产生机构的外侧，电加热丝设置于所述液滴产生机构内，以控制所述液滴产生机构内的液态金属温度；所述热电偶的测温端伸入到所述液滴产生机构内，以测量所述液滴产生机构内的液态金属的温度。Further, the heating temperature control mechanism includes a thermoelectric sheet, an electric heating wire and a thermocouple, the thermoelectric sheet is arranged outside the droplet generating mechanism, and the electric heating wire is arranged inside the droplet generating mechanism to control The temperature of the liquid metal in the droplet generating mechanism; the temperature measuring end of the thermocouple extends into the droplet generating mechanism to measure the temperature of the liquid metal in the droplet generating mechanism.
进一步的，所述液态金属微流道中的液态金属的固化温度小于等于200℃；优选所述液态金属为镓单质金属、镓铟合金、镓铟锡合金、铋铟锡合金或铋铟锡锌合金中的一种或几种混合。Further, the solidification temperature of the liquid metal in the liquid metal microchannel is less than or equal to 200°C; preferably, the liquid metal is gallium elemental metal, gallium indium alloy, gallium indium tin alloy, bismuth indium tin alloy or bismuth indium tin zinc alloy one or a combination of several.
进一步的，所述主流体微流道中的连续相主流体包括丙三醇溶液、氢氧化钠溶液、或硅油溶液中的一种或几种混合。Further, the main fluid of the continuous phase in the main fluid microchannel includes one or more mixtures of glycerol solution, sodium hydroxide solution, or silicone oil solution.
本发明还提供了一种3D打印机，包括打印基台、冷却装置和如权利要求1-8任一项所述的液态金属3D打印喷头装置，所述打印基台对应设置于所述液态金属3D打印喷头装置的下部，所述冷却装置设置于所述打印基台的下部。The present invention also provides a 3D printer, including a printing base, a cooling device, and the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device according to any one of claims 1-8, the printing base is correspondingly arranged on the liquid metal 3D The lower part of the printing head device, the cooling device is arranged at the lower part of the printing base.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本发明的上述技术方案具有以下有益效果：The technical scheme of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明的液态金属3D打印喷头装置包括用于产生液态金属微液滴的液滴产生机构，液滴产生机构包括相交设置的液态金属微流道和主流体微流道，在主流体微流道内的连续相主流体的剪切力作用下，液态金属微流道内的液态金属能均匀分散成多组液态金属微液滴，利用上述两种流体之间剪切力的作用而产生大小均匀可控、速度可调的低熔点液态金属微液滴，并对其固化、叠加，从而实现了3D打印；1. The liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device of the present invention includes a droplet generating mechanism for generating liquid metal micro-droplets. The droplet generating mechanism includes intersecting liquid metal microchannels and main fluid microchannels. Under the action of the shear force of the continuous phase main fluid in the flow channel, the liquid metal in the liquid metal microchannel can be evenly dispersed into multiple groups of liquid metal micro-droplets, and the shear force between the above two fluids can produce uniform size Controllable, speed-adjustable low-melting liquid metal micro-droplets, and solidify and superimpose them, thus realizing 3D printing;
2、本发明的液态金属微流道和主流体微流道分别与压力控制装置连接，通过分别调整两种液体的进样速度或者压力即可控制两种互不相溶流体的速度，从而精确控制产生的液态金属微液滴的大小与喷射速度，从而使得打印出的微液滴达到几个微米甚至是几百纳米的量级。2. The liquid metal microchannel and the main fluid microchannel of the present invention are respectively connected to the pressure control device, and the speeds of the two immiscible fluids can be controlled by adjusting the sampling speed or pressure of the two liquids respectively, thereby accurately The size and ejection speed of the liquid metal micro-droplets produced are controlled, so that the printed micro-droplets can reach the order of several microns or even hundreds of nanometers.
3、由于该液态金属3D打印喷头装置是利用机械力驱动流体，无外加电力输入驱动设备，因此避免了电泄露的危险与干扰，减少了各种复杂的涂层加工等绝缘措施，减少能耗；3. Since the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device uses mechanical force to drive the fluid, there is no external power input to drive the equipment, so the danger and interference of electric leakage are avoided, various complex coating processing and other insulation measures are reduced, and energy consumption is reduced. ;
4、该液态金属3D打印喷头装置采用加热控温机构，与设置在3D打印机上的冷却装置相配合，使得该3D打印机对于所打印的低熔点液态金属的种类范围大大拓宽，应用范围较广。4. The liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device adopts a heating and temperature control mechanism, which cooperates with the cooling device installed on the 3D printer, so that the 3D printer can greatly expand the range of types of low-melting liquid metal printed, and the application range is wider.
综上所述，本发明的液态金属3D打印喷头装置采取微机械加工的方法制成，该装置具有加工过程简单、可批量复制、可控性好、稳定性高、体积小、微液滴产生速度均匀以及大小可控等诸多优点，能够实现液态金属的高精度微滴堆积打印。In summary, the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device of the present invention is made by micromachining. With many advantages such as uniform speed and controllable size, it can realize high-precision micro-droplet accumulation printing of liquid metal.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明实施例的液态金属3D打印喷头装置的爆炸示意图；FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例的液滴产生机构的剖视图；2 is a cross-sectional view of a droplet generating mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例的液态金属储液槽的剖视图；3 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid metal storage tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例的液态金属微液滴在液态金属微流道内的产生原理图；4 is a schematic diagram of the generation of liquid metal micro-droplets in a liquid metal micro-channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例的3D打印机的轴侧图。Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
其中：1、液态金属微流道；2、主流体微流道；3、液态金属储液槽；4、液态金属注入口；5、液态金属压力进口；6、主流体进样口；7、喷嘴；8-1、热电片；8-2、热电偶；9、压力控制机构；10、冷却装置；11、主流体样品瓶；12、打印基台。Among them: 1. Liquid metal microchannel; 2. Main fluid microchannel; 3. Liquid metal storage tank; 4. Liquid metal inlet; 5. Liquid metal pressure inlet; 6. Main fluid inlet; 7. Nozzle; 8-1, thermoelectric sheet; 8-2, thermocouple; 9, pressure control mechanism; 10, cooling device; 11, main fluid sample bottle; 12, printing base.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不能用来限制本发明的范围。Embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”、“前端”、“后端”、“头部”、“尾部”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail" etc. is Based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood To limit the present invention.
如图1、图4所示，本实施例提供的液态金属3D打印喷头装置包括用于产生液态金属微液滴的液滴产生机构，液滴产生机构包括相交设置的液态金属微流道1和主流体微流道2，利用液态金属微流道1和主流体微流道2相交设置，使其形成流动聚焦结构的微流道，在主流体微流道2内的连续相主流体的剪切力作用下，液态金属微流道1内的液态金属能均匀分散成多组液态金属微液滴，利用连续相主流体与液态金属的互不相溶的特性，当连续相主流体穿过液态金属时，在连续相主流体的剪切力作用下，液态金属就能被分散成大小均匀、尺寸可控的球形液态金属微液滴，这些液态金属微液滴均匀的由喷嘴7喷在打印基地上，可以实现堆积式3D打印。其中，图4中所示的箭头方向为连续相主流体的流动方向。As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device provided in this embodiment includes a droplet generating mechanism for generating liquid metal micro-droplets, and the droplet generating mechanism includes liquid metal micro-channels 1 and The main fluid microchannel 2 is set by intersecting the liquid metal microchannel 1 and the main fluid microchannel 2 to form a microchannel with a flow focusing structure, and the shear of the continuous phase main fluid in the main fluid microchannel 2 Under the action of shear force, the liquid metal in the liquid metal micro-channel 1 can be evenly dispersed into multiple groups of liquid metal micro-droplets. By utilizing the inmiscibility characteristics of the continuous phase main fluid and the liquid metal, when the continuous phase main fluid passes through In the case of liquid metal, under the shear force of the continuous phase main fluid, the liquid metal can be dispersed into spherical liquid metal micro-droplets with uniform size and controllable size, and these liquid metal micro-droplets are evenly sprayed by the nozzle 7 on On the printing base, stacked 3D printing can be realized. Wherein, the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 4 is the flow direction of the main fluid of the continuous phase.
为了保证实现3D打印效果，优选本实施例中，液态金属微流道1中的液态金属为低熔点液态金属，其固化温度小于等于200℃，进一步优选液态金属为镓单质金属、镓铟合金、镓铟锡合金、铋铟锡合金或铋铟锡锌合金中的一种或几种混合；主流体微流道2中的连续相主流体包括丙三醇溶液、氢氧化钠溶液、或硅油溶液中的一种或几种混合，优选采用丙三醇与氢氧化钠溶液的混合溶液，也可以采用硅油等粘度相近的溶液，本实施例中，连续相主流体优选为丙三醇与质量分数为30％的氢氧化钠溶液以体积比9:1混合而成。In order to ensure the realization of the 3D printing effect, preferably in this embodiment, the liquid metal in the liquid metal microchannel 1 is a low melting point liquid metal, and its solidification temperature is less than or equal to 200°C, and it is further preferred that the liquid metal is gallium elemental metal, gallium indium alloy, One or more mixtures of gallium indium tin alloy, bismuth indium tin alloy or bismuth indium tin zinc alloy; the continuous phase main fluid in the main fluid microchannel 2 includes glycerin solution, sodium hydroxide solution, or silicone oil solution One or more of them are mixed, preferably a mixed solution of glycerol and sodium hydroxide solution, or a solution with a similar viscosity such as silicone oil. In this embodiment, the continuous phase main fluid is preferably glycerol and a mass fraction of It is made by mixing 30% sodium hydroxide solution at a volume ratio of 9:1.
选用上述材质的液态金属和连续相主流体，能保证两种溶液互不相容，确保液态金属能被快速分割成液态金属微液滴。The selection of the liquid metal of the above materials and the main fluid of the continuous phase can ensure that the two solutions are incompatible with each other, and ensure that the liquid metal can be quickly divided into liquid metal micro-droplets.
本实施例的流动聚焦结构的微流道中，如图2、图3所示，主流体微流道2为至少两条，两条主流体微流道2分别相对的连通在液态金属微流道1的两侧，且均与液态金属微流道1成一定角度相交设置；液态金属微流道1的末端连通有喷嘴7，液态金属沿着液态金属微流道1流向喷嘴7的过程中，被相对联通的主流体微流道2内流经的连续相主流体的剪切力分割成液态金属微液滴，故此，由喷嘴7中流出的液态金属为均匀滴出的液态金属微液滴。In the microchannel of the flow focusing structure of this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, there are at least two main fluid microchannels 2, and the two main fluid microchannels 2 are respectively connected to the liquid metal microchannel. 1, and both intersect with the liquid metal micro-channel 1 at a certain angle; the end of the liquid metal micro-channel 1 is connected to a nozzle 7, and the liquid metal flows along the liquid metal micro-channel 1 to the nozzle 7. It is divided into liquid metal micro-droplets by the shearing force of the continuous-phase main fluid flowing through the main fluid micro-channel 2 which is relatively connected, so the liquid metal flowing out from the nozzle 7 is a liquid metal micro-droplet that drips out evenly .
本实施例中，液态金属微流道1、主流体微流道2和喷嘴7的流道高度与宽度均可制作成各式尺寸，量级在百纳米级至毫米级都可，本实施例中采用宽度200μm×高度150μm的流道尺寸。In this embodiment, the height and width of the liquid metal micro-channel 1, the main fluid micro-channel 2 and the nozzle 7 can be made into various sizes, and the order of magnitude can be from hundreds of nanometers to millimeters. In this embodiment The flow channel size of 200 μm in width×150 μm in height is adopted in the method.
需要说明的是，本实施例的主流体微流道2和液态金属微流道1的分布结构可以为图2所示的流动聚焦结构，主流体微流道2自液态金属微流道1的两侧相交并连通，使得连续相主流体横向流动，而液态金属纵向流动，利用连续相主流体横向流动的剪切力分割纵向流动的液态金属，从而得到液态金属微液滴；也可以将主流体微流道2和液态金属微流道1的分布结构设计为T形流道结构或共轴流道结构，以产生均匀的液态金属微液滴。It should be noted that the distribution structure of the main fluid microchannel 2 and the liquid metal microchannel 1 of this embodiment can be the flow focusing structure shown in FIG. The two sides intersect and communicate, so that the main fluid of the continuous phase flows laterally, while the liquid metal flows vertically, and the shear force of the main fluid of the continuous phase is used to divide the liquid metal flowing vertically, thereby obtaining liquid metal micro-droplets; the main flow can also be The distribution structure of the bulk microchannel 2 and the liquid metal microchannel 1 is designed as a T-shaped channel structure or a coaxial channel structure to generate uniform liquid metal micro-droplets.
液滴产生机构还包括液态金属储液槽3，在液态金属储液槽3上设有液态金属注入口4，可以向液态金属储液槽3中补充液态金属。液态金属储液槽3的一端与液态金属微流道1连通，另一端通过液态金属压力进口5连接有压力控制机构9，压力控制机构9利用压力驱动并控制液态金属储液槽3内的液态金属向液态金属微流道1内流动的速度，压力控制机构9还可以同时与主流体微流道2连接，利用压力驱动并控制连续相主流体的流动速度，通过分别调整两种液体的进样速度或者压力即可控制两种互不相溶流体的速度，从而精确控制产生的液态金属微液滴的大小与喷射速度，从而使得打印出的微液滴达到几个微米甚至是几百纳米的量级；此外，由于压力驱动机构是利用机械力驱动流体，无外加电力输入驱动设备，因此避免了电泄露的危险与干扰，减少了各种复杂的涂层加工等绝缘措施，减少能耗。优选压力控制机构9为气压式微流体进样系统、注射泵或蠕动泵。The droplet generating mechanism also includes a liquid metal storage tank 3 , and a liquid metal injection port 4 is provided on the liquid metal storage tank 3 , and the liquid metal storage tank 3 can be replenished with liquid metal. One end of the liquid metal storage tank 3 communicates with the liquid metal microchannel 1, and the other end is connected with a pressure control mechanism 9 through the liquid metal pressure inlet 5, and the pressure control mechanism 9 uses pressure to drive and control the liquid state in the liquid metal storage tank 3. The speed of the metal flowing into the liquid metal micro-channel 1, the pressure control mechanism 9 can also be connected with the main fluid micro-channel 2 at the same time, using the pressure to drive and control the flow rate of the continuous phase main fluid, by adjusting the flow rate of the two liquids respectively The speed of two immiscible fluids can be controlled by using the sample speed or pressure, so as to precisely control the size and ejection speed of the liquid metal micro-droplets, so that the printed micro-droplets can reach several microns or even hundreds of nanometers In addition, because the pressure driving mechanism uses mechanical force to drive the fluid, there is no external power input to drive the equipment, so the danger and interference of electric leakage are avoided, various complex coating processing and other insulation measures are reduced, and energy consumption is reduced. . Preferably, the pressure control mechanism 9 is a pneumatic microfluidic sampling system, a syringe pump or a peristaltic pump.
主流体微流道2通过主流体进样口6连通有主流体采样瓶，主流体采样瓶与压力控制机构9连通，以驱动并控制主流体微流道2内的连续相主流体的流动速度。The main fluid microchannel 2 is communicated with the main fluid sampling bottle through the main fluid sampling port 6, and the main fluid sampling bottle is communicated with the pressure control mechanism 9 to drive and control the flow velocity of the continuous phase main fluid in the main fluid microchannel 2 .
本实施例的液态金属3D打印喷头装置还包括加热控温机构，加热控温机构用于控制液滴产生机构内的液态金属的温度，利用加热控温机构可以对液态金属微流道1甚至整个液态金属3D打印喷头装置进行加热，确保液态金属处于熔融状态。The liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device in this embodiment also includes a heating and temperature control mechanism, which is used to control the temperature of the liquid metal in the droplet generating mechanism. The liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device is heated to ensure that the liquid metal is in a molten state.
加热控温机构包括热电片8-1、电加热丝和热电偶8-2，热电片8-1设置于液滴产生机构的外侧，电加热丝设置于液滴产生机构内，以控制液滴产生机构内的液态金属温度，热电偶8-2的测温端伸入到液滴产生机构内，以测量液滴产生机构内的液态金属的温度。The heating and temperature control mechanism includes a thermoelectric sheet 8-1, an electric heating wire and a thermocouple 8-2. The thermoelectric sheet 8-1 is arranged on the outside of the droplet generating mechanism, and the electric heating wire is arranged in the droplet generating mechanism to control the temperature of the droplet. The temperature of the liquid metal in the generating mechanism, the temperature measuring end of the thermocouple 8-2 extends into the droplet generating mechanism to measure the temperature of the liquid metal in the droplet generating mechanism.
需要说明的是，加热控温机构除了热电片8-1、电加热丝和热电偶8-2组合以外，还可以为电加热块或电加热片，可将电加热块或电加热片贴敷于液滴产生机构的外侧，以确保加热效果；电加热丝可以为镓基合金或是熔盐等液态导电材料灌注的微通道形成的电加热丝，也可以是通过溅射、喷涂或者固化等工艺形成的固体导电内置电加热丝。It should be noted that, in addition to the combination of thermoelectric sheet 8-1, electric heating wire and thermocouple 8-2, the heating and temperature control mechanism can also be an electric heating block or an electric heating sheet, and the electric heating block or electric heating sheet can be pasted On the outside of the droplet generating mechanism to ensure the heating effect; the electric heating wire can be an electric heating wire formed by a microchannel filled with liquid conductive materials such as gallium-based alloys or molten salts, or it can be formed by sputtering, spraying or solidification, etc. Process formed solid conductive built-in electric heating wire.
如图5所示，本实施例提供的3D打印机包括打印基台12、冷却装置10和如上所述的液态金属3D打印喷头装置，打印基台12对应设置于液态金属3D打印喷头装置的下部，与喷嘴7对应设置，作为液态金属微液滴的堆积打印的场所；冷却装置10设置于打印基台12的下部，冷却装置10用于将所打印出的液态金属微液滴进行快速冷却，使其固化保持形状，以便进行多层叠加打印；冷却装置10优选为冷态、或电热片、或制冷片、或液体冷浴等。该3D打印机的加工过程简单、可控性好、稳定性高、微液滴产生速度均匀且大小可控，此外，液态金属3D打印喷头装置采用加热控温系统，与3D打印机上的冷却装置10相结合，使得该3D打印机对于所打印的低熔点液态金属的种类范围大大拓宽，应用范围较广。As shown in Figure 5, the 3D printer provided in this embodiment includes a printing base 12, a cooling device 10 and the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device as described above, and the printing base 12 is correspondingly arranged at the lower part of the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device, Corresponding to the nozzle 7, it is used as a place for the accumulation and printing of liquid metal droplets; the cooling device 10 is arranged on the bottom of the printing base 12, and the cooling device 10 is used to rapidly cool the printed liquid metal droplets, so that It solidifies and maintains its shape, so as to perform multi-layer overlay printing; the cooling device 10 is preferably in a cold state, or an electric heating sheet, or a refrigeration sheet, or a liquid cooling bath, etc. The 3D printer has a simple processing process, good controllability, high stability, uniform micro-droplet production speed and controllable size. In addition, the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device adopts a heating and temperature control system, and the cooling device on the 3D printer is 10 Combined, the 3D printer greatly expands the range of types of low-melting-point liquid metals to be printed, and has a wide range of applications.
本实施例中，该液态金属3D打印喷头装置可采用微机械加工方法(英文简称MEMS)或软刻蚀方法(英文名称Soft-Lithography)加工制作而成，其内部可为应用于微流控领域的聚合物材料PDMS(英文全称为polydimethylsiloxane，中文全称为聚二甲基硅氧烷)制成的多层PDMS层结构，液态金属储液槽3贯穿其所在的PDMS层，这样设计的好处在于在尽可能扩大液态金属储液槽3容量的同时，也可以利用液态金属良好的导热能力，加强电热片的传热，以便更好地加热并保持储液槽内金属呈现熔融状态；液态金属微流道1、主流体微流道2、液态金属储液槽3和喷嘴7均经过微加工的方式制作成一个整体的微流控芯片的形式，由四层PDMS逐层利用等离子清洗机进行表面等离子处理后键合为一个整体；液态金属注入口4、液态金属压力进口5、主流体进样口6利用打孔器直接在相应的PDMS层打孔以便接入相应输入管道即可。In this embodiment, the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device can be manufactured by micromachining method (MEMS for short) or soft etching method (Soft-Lithography in English), and its interior can be used in the field of microfluidics. Polymer material PDMS (English full name is polydimethylsiloxane, Chinese full name is polydimethylsiloxane) made of multi-layer PDMS layer structure, the liquid metal reservoir 3 runs through the PDMS layer where it is located, the advantage of this design is that in While expanding the capacity of the liquid metal storage tank 3 as much as possible, the good thermal conductivity of the liquid metal can also be used to strengthen the heat transfer of the electric heater, so as to better heat and keep the metal in the liquid storage tank in a molten state; the liquid metal microflow Channel 1, main fluid micro channel 2, liquid metal storage tank 3 and nozzle 7 are all made into an integral microfluidic chip form by micro-processing, and the surface plasma is carried out layer by layer by four layers of PDMS using a plasma cleaning machine. After treatment, it is bonded into a whole; the liquid metal injection port 4, the liquid metal pressure inlet 5, and the main fluid sampling port 6 are directly punched in the corresponding PDMS layer with a puncher so as to be connected to the corresponding input pipeline.
加热控温装置可以采用电加热片、或电加热块、或热电片8-1等，在本实施例中采用电加热片，包裹在微流控芯片的液态金属储液槽3周围，用于熔化并保持内部承载的金属呈现液态；压力控制机构9可以采用气压式微流体进样系统、或注射泵、或蠕动泵等，在此实施例中采用气压式微流体进样系统，因为此种仪器可以精确控制流体驱动压力，操作简单，气压控制稳定；主流体样品瓶11内部装有主流体溶液，由两根管道分别连接主流体进样口6、以及气压式微流体进样系统；液态金属压力进口5经由管道连接到气压式微流体进样系统；冷却装置10可为冷台、或电热片、或制冷片、或液体冷浴等，在此实施例中采用体积分数66％的丙三醇水溶液，容器置于冷台上以保持丙三醇水溶液的温度在零下35度左右，在此溶液中冷却的优点是增大了冷却面积，使打印出液态金属微液滴迅速冷却成型。The heating and temperature control device can use an electric heating sheet, or an electric heating block, or a thermoelectric sheet 8-1, etc. In this embodiment, an electric heating sheet is used, wrapped around the liquid metal reservoir 3 of the microfluidic chip, for Melting and keeping the metal carried inside presents a liquid state; the pressure control mechanism 9 can adopt a pneumatic microfluidic sampling system, or a syringe pump, or a peristaltic pump, etc., and in this embodiment, a pneumatic microfluidic sampling system is used, because this kind of instrument can Precise control of the fluid driving pressure, simple operation, and stable air pressure control; the main fluid sample bottle 11 is equipped with a main fluid solution, and two pipes are respectively connected to the main fluid sampling port 6 and the pneumatic microfluidic sampling system; the liquid metal pressure inlet 5 is connected to the pneumatic microfluidic sampling system via pipeline; the cooling device 10 can be a cold platform, or a heating sheet, or a cooling sheet, or a liquid cooling bath, etc., and in this embodiment, a 66% aqueous solution of glycerol by volume is used, The container is placed on the cold table to keep the temperature of the glycerol aqueous solution at minus 35 degrees. The advantage of cooling in this solution is that the cooling area is increased, so that the printed liquid metal micro-droplets can be quickly cooled and formed.
低熔点的液态金属可采用镓、镓铟及镓铟锡等镓基合金、铋铟锡及铋铟锡锌等，这些金属的熔点均在200℃以下，在实施例中采用镓作为打印墨水，电加热片的温度将所加热的微流控芯片的温度升至40℃左右，将熔融状态下的液态金属镓注入液态金属储液槽3中；连接管道后，调整液滴产生机构中各个通道的数值，从而控制两种流体的驱动压力，进而产生所需要的液态金属微液滴，液态金属微液滴的尺寸可在几微米到毫米量级之间变化。The liquid metal with a low melting point can use gallium-based alloys such as gallium, gallium indium and gallium indium tin, bismuth indium tin and bismuth indium tin zinc, etc. The melting points of these metals are all below 200 ° C. In the embodiment, gallium is used as the printing ink. The temperature of the electric heating plate raises the temperature of the heated microfluidic chip to about 40°C, injects the liquid metal gallium in the molten state into the liquid metal storage tank 3; after connecting the pipes, adjust each channel in the droplet generating mechanism The numerical value, thereby controlling the driving pressure of the two fluids, and then generating the required liquid metal micro-droplets, the size of the liquid metal micro-droplets can vary from a few microns to millimeters.
综上所述，本实施例的液态金属3D打印喷头装置及3D打印机具有以下有益效果：To sum up, the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device and 3D printer of this embodiment have the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明的液态金属3D打印喷头装置包括用于产生液态金属微液滴的液滴产生机构，液滴产生机构包括相交设置的液态金属微流道1和主流体微流道2，在主流体微流道2内的连续相主流体的剪切力作用下，液态金属微流道1内的液态金属能均匀分散成多组液态金属微液滴，利用上述两种流体之间剪切力的作用而产生大小均匀可控、速度可调的低熔点液态金属微液滴，并对其固化、叠加，从而实现了3D打印；1. The liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device of the present invention includes a droplet generating mechanism for generating liquid metal micro-droplets. The droplet generating mechanism includes a liquid metal microchannel 1 and a main fluid microchannel 2 intersecting. Under the shear force of the continuous phase main fluid in the body microchannel 2, the liquid metal in the liquid metal microchannel 1 can be uniformly dispersed into multiple groups of liquid metal micro-droplets, and the shear force between the above two fluids can be used to The role of uniform and controllable, speed-adjustable low-melting liquid metal micro-droplets is produced, and solidified and superimposed, thus realizing 3D printing;
2、本发明的液态金属微流道1和主流体微流道2分别与压力控制机构9连接，通过分别调整两种液体的进样速度或者压力即可控制两种互不相溶流体的速度，从而精确控制产生的液态金属微液滴的大小与喷射速度，从而使得打印出的微液滴达到几个微米甚至是几百纳米的量级。2. The liquid metal microchannel 1 and the main fluid microchannel 2 of the present invention are respectively connected to the pressure control mechanism 9, and the speed of the two immiscible fluids can be controlled by adjusting the sampling speed or pressure of the two liquids respectively , so as to precisely control the size and ejection speed of the liquid metal micro-droplets generated, so that the printed micro-droplets can reach the order of several microns or even hundreds of nanometers.
3、由于该液态金属3D打印喷头装置是利用机械力驱动流体，无外加电力输入驱动设备，因此避免了电泄露的危险与干扰，减少了各种复杂的涂层加工等绝缘措施，减少能耗；3. Since the liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device uses mechanical force to drive the fluid, there is no external power input to drive the equipment, so the danger and interference of electric leakage are avoided, various complex coating processing and other insulation measures are reduced, and energy consumption is reduced. ;
4、该液态金属3D打印喷头装置采用加热控温机构，与设置在3D打印机上的冷却装置10相配合，使得该3D打印机对于所打印的低熔点液态金属的种类范围大大拓宽，应用范围较广。4. The liquid metal 3D printing nozzle device adopts a heating and temperature control mechanism, which cooperates with the cooling device 10 installed on the 3D printer, so that the 3D printer can greatly expand the range of types of low-melting liquid metal printed, and the application range is wider. .
本发明的实施例是为了示例和描述起见而给出的，而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用，并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the form disclosed. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to better explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610346359.3ACN107414080B (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2016-05-23 | Liquid metal 3D prints shower nozzle device and is equipped with device's 3D printer |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610346359.3ACN107414080B (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2016-05-23 | Liquid metal 3D prints shower nozzle device and is equipped with device's 3D printer |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107414080Atrue CN107414080A (en) | 2017-12-01 |
| CN107414080B CN107414080B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610346359.3AActiveCN107414080B (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2016-05-23 | Liquid metal 3D prints shower nozzle device and is equipped with device's 3D printer |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107414080B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108345363A (en)* | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Logic device unit, computer device and computer |
| CN108642360A (en)* | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-12 | 清华大学 | A kind of preparation method of the 3D printing flexible robot based on liquid metal |
| CN110248520A (en)* | 2019-05-23 | 2019-09-17 | 西安航空职业技术学院 | A kind of radiator and its method for high power module |
| CN110355370A (en)* | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-22 | 宝鸡高新智能制造技术有限公司 | A kind of liquid metal 3D printing device |
| CN110899710A (en)* | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-24 | 于志远 | A kind of method and device for preparing metal or alloy spherical powder |
| CN111551294A (en)* | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-18 | 浙江大学 | Flexible pressure sensor based on liquid metal photocuring printing technology |
| CN112810131A (en)* | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-18 | 上海理工大学 | Stacking forming method based on nano fluid droplet solidification |
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| US5831643A (en)* | 1995-04-24 | 1998-11-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write head control device for ink jet printer utilizing liquid metal and method thereof |
| US6149072A (en)* | 1998-04-23 | 2000-11-21 | Arizona State University | Droplet selection systems and methods for freeform fabrication of three-dimensional objects |
| US6592821B1 (en)* | 1999-05-17 | 2003-07-15 | Caliper Technologies Corp. | Focusing of microparticles in microfluidic systems |
| US20070054119A1 (en)* | 2005-03-04 | 2007-03-08 | Piotr Garstecki | Systems and methods of forming particles |
| US20100238232A1 (en)* | 2007-07-03 | 2010-09-23 | Andrew Clarke | Continuous ink jet printing of encapsulated droplets |
| CN102059162A (en)* | 2002-06-28 | 2011-05-18 | 哈佛学院董事会 | Microfluidic device |
| KR20130079799A (en)* | 2012-01-03 | 2013-07-11 | 한국과학기술원 | Fabrication method of uniform submicron droplets and polymeric monodiperse particles using microfluidic flow-focusing devices with three-dimensional topography |
| CN103895226A (en)* | 2014-03-24 | 2014-07-02 | 浙江大学 | 3D-printing-based machining method of three-dimensional micro-fluidic chip and printing device |
| CN103935038A (en)* | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-23 | 福建海源三维打印高科技有限公司 | 3D printer head |
| CN104084247A (en)* | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-08 | 北京工业大学 | Elastic wall surface micro-fluidic chip based on T-shaped micro-channel |
| CN104175557A (en)* | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | 3D printing head system based on droplet control and printing method thereof |
| CN203992400U (en)* | 2014-08-05 | 2014-12-10 | 北京依米康科技发展有限公司 | A kind of low-melting-point metal 3D printing equipment |
| CN104416159A (en)* | 2013-08-20 | 2015-03-18 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Liquid phase printing system and method for low-melting-point metal multi-dimensional structure |
| WO2015175989A2 (en)* | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate Of The State Of Arizona, Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Methods of rapid 3d nano/microfabrication of multifunctional shell-stabilized liquid metal pipe networks and insulating/metal liquids electro-mechanical switch and capacitive strain sensor |
| CN105238941A (en)* | 2015-07-25 | 2016-01-13 | 刘南林 | 3d printing amorphous alloy forming technology |
| CN205020808U (en)* | 2015-08-25 | 2016-02-10 | 国家电网公司 | Metal 3D prints device that adds bearing structure |
| CN105312573A (en)* | 2015-11-17 | 2016-02-10 | 北京科技大学 | Method and device for conducting 3D printing directly with liquid metal |
| US20160067974A1 (en)* | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-10 | Vadient Optics, LLC. | Nanocomposite inkjet printer with integrated nanocomposite-ink factory |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5831643A (en)* | 1995-04-24 | 1998-11-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write head control device for ink jet printer utilizing liquid metal and method thereof |
| US6149072A (en)* | 1998-04-23 | 2000-11-21 | Arizona State University | Droplet selection systems and methods for freeform fabrication of three-dimensional objects |
| US6592821B1 (en)* | 1999-05-17 | 2003-07-15 | Caliper Technologies Corp. | Focusing of microparticles in microfluidic systems |
| CN102059162A (en)* | 2002-06-28 | 2011-05-18 | 哈佛学院董事会 | Microfluidic device |
| US20070054119A1 (en)* | 2005-03-04 | 2007-03-08 | Piotr Garstecki | Systems and methods of forming particles |
| US20100238232A1 (en)* | 2007-07-03 | 2010-09-23 | Andrew Clarke | Continuous ink jet printing of encapsulated droplets |
| KR20130079799A (en)* | 2012-01-03 | 2013-07-11 | 한국과학기술원 | Fabrication method of uniform submicron droplets and polymeric monodiperse particles using microfluidic flow-focusing devices with three-dimensional topography |
| CN104416159A (en)* | 2013-08-20 | 2015-03-18 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Liquid phase printing system and method for low-melting-point metal multi-dimensional structure |
| CN103895226A (en)* | 2014-03-24 | 2014-07-02 | 浙江大学 | 3D-printing-based machining method of three-dimensional micro-fluidic chip and printing device |
| CN103935038A (en)* | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-23 | 福建海源三维打印高科技有限公司 | 3D printer head |
| WO2015175989A2 (en)* | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate Of The State Of Arizona, Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Methods of rapid 3d nano/microfabrication of multifunctional shell-stabilized liquid metal pipe networks and insulating/metal liquids electro-mechanical switch and capacitive strain sensor |
| CN104084247A (en)* | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-08 | 北京工业大学 | Elastic wall surface micro-fluidic chip based on T-shaped micro-channel |
| CN203992400U (en)* | 2014-08-05 | 2014-12-10 | 北京依米康科技发展有限公司 | A kind of low-melting-point metal 3D printing equipment |
| CN104175557A (en)* | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-03 | 西安交通大学 | 3D printing head system based on droplet control and printing method thereof |
| US20160067974A1 (en)* | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-10 | Vadient Optics, LLC. | Nanocomposite inkjet printer with integrated nanocomposite-ink factory |
| CN105238941A (en)* | 2015-07-25 | 2016-01-13 | 刘南林 | 3d printing amorphous alloy forming technology |
| CN205020808U (en)* | 2015-08-25 | 2016-02-10 | 国家电网公司 | Metal 3D prints device that adds bearing structure |
| CN105312573A (en)* | 2015-11-17 | 2016-02-10 | 北京科技大学 | Method and device for conducting 3D printing directly with liquid metal |
| Title |
|---|
| WANG, L, ETC: "Compatible hybrid 3D printing of metal and nonmetal inks for direct manufacture of end functional devices", 《SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES》, vol. 57, no. 11, 24 December 2014 (2014-12-24), pages 2089 - 2095* |
| 王磊等: "低熔点金属3D打印技术研究与应用", 《 新材料产业》, 15 January 2015 (2015-01-15), pages 27 - 31* |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108345363A (en)* | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Logic device unit, computer device and computer |
| CN108345363B (en)* | 2018-02-02 | 2019-09-17 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A logic device unit, computer device and computer |
| CN108642360A (en)* | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-12 | 清华大学 | A kind of preparation method of the 3D printing flexible robot based on liquid metal |
| CN110899710A (en)* | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-24 | 于志远 | A kind of method and device for preparing metal or alloy spherical powder |
| CN110248520A (en)* | 2019-05-23 | 2019-09-17 | 西安航空职业技术学院 | A kind of radiator and its method for high power module |
| CN110355370A (en)* | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-22 | 宝鸡高新智能制造技术有限公司 | A kind of liquid metal 3D printing device |
| CN111551294A (en)* | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-18 | 浙江大学 | Flexible pressure sensor based on liquid metal photocuring printing technology |
| CN111551294B (en)* | 2020-05-21 | 2021-03-30 | 浙江大学 | Flexible pressure sensor based on liquid metal photocuring printing technology |
| CN112810131A (en)* | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-18 | 上海理工大学 | Stacking forming method based on nano fluid droplet solidification |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107414080B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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| CN107414080A (en) | Liquid metal 3D prints shower nozzle device and is equipped with device's 3D printer | |
| Chen et al. | Three-dimensional splitting microfluidics | |
| CN104416159B (en) | Liquid phase printing system and method for low-melting-point metal multi-dimensional structure | |
| Feng et al. | Advances in micro-droplets coalescence using microfluidics | |
| Tseng et al. | Research highlights: printing the future of microfabrication | |
| Zheng et al. | Inkjet printing-based fabrication of microscale 3D ice structures | |
| Morimoto et al. | Three-dimensional axisymmetric flow-focusing device using stereolithography | |
| CN109049674B (en) | Additive manufacturing device and method for microsystem three-dimensional structure | |
| CN106140340A (en) | Micro-fluidic chip based on flow focusing type microchannel synthesis microemulsion drop | |
| Li et al. | Geometric optimization of liquid–liquid slug flow in a flow-focusing millifluidic device for synthesis of nanomaterials | |
| CN103895226A (en) | 3D-printing-based machining method of three-dimensional micro-fluidic chip and printing device | |
| US10160071B2 (en) | Co-extruded microchannel heat pipes | |
| Zhou et al. | A hybrid modular microfluidic device for emulsion generation | |
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| Majidi et al. | Gallium-based room-temperature liquid metals: Actuation and manipulation of droplets and flows | |
| CN106001576B (en) | A kind of the melt flow control method and device of fusion coating increasing material manufacturing | |
| Zhao-Miao et al. | Generation of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions by microfluidics | |
| CN106669556B (en) | A method of millimeter grade particles are prepared using transformation microfluidic channel | |
| Narendran et al. | A review of lattice boltzmann method computational domains for micro-and nanoregime applications | |
| CN205834240U (en) | Liquid metal 3D prints shower nozzle device and is equipped with device's 3D printer | |
| Liao et al. | Ultrasonic fabrication of micro nozzles from a stack of PVDF foils for generating and characterizing microfluidic dispersions | |
| Feng et al. | A review on droplet-based 3D printing with piezoelectric micro-jet device | |
| Jiao et al. | Experimental research of drop‐on‐demand droplet jetting 3D printing with molten polymer | |
| Qiao et al. | Multiphase flow physics of room temperature liquid metals and its applications |
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