技术领域technical field
本发明涉及汽车空调系统，具体地，涉及一种汽车热管理系统和电动汽车。The invention relates to an automobile air-conditioning system, in particular to an automobile thermal management system and an electric automobile.
背景技术Background technique
要保证电动汽车的电池充放电效率高，需要有合适的工作温度，过高或高低都会对其性能以及续航能力造成很大影响。中国专利公开号为CN205039220U的实用新型公开了一种汽车动力电池冷却系统。该动力电池冷却系统虽然可以在制冷时通过蒸发器对动力电池进行冷却，但动力电池与蒸发器紧贴在一起进行换热，虽然原理上可行，但是车上难以实现，因为蒸发器一般都在空调箱体内，箱体空间有限，而纯电动汽车的动力电池很大，一般置于车底。To ensure the high charging and discharging efficiency of the battery of electric vehicles, it is necessary to have a suitable working temperature. Too high or low will have a great impact on its performance and battery life. The utility model whose Chinese patent publication number is CN205039220U discloses a kind of automobile power battery cooling system. Although the power battery cooling system can cool the power battery through the evaporator during refrigeration, the power battery and the evaporator are closely connected to exchange heat. Although it is feasible in principle, it is difficult to implement on the car because the evaporator is generally in the Inside the air-conditioning box, the space of the box is limited, and the power battery of a pure electric vehicle is very large, which is generally placed at the bottom of the vehicle.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种汽车热管理系统，包括热泵空调系统、电池包换热系统、第一开关阀、发动机冷却系统和第一板式换热器，所述热泵空调系统和所述发动机冷却系统分别通过所述第一板式换热器与所述电池包换热系统换热，所述热泵空调系统包括压缩机、室内冷凝器、室内蒸发器和室外换热器，所述压缩机的出口与所述室内冷凝器的入口连通，所述室内冷凝器的出口与所述第一开关阀的入口连通，所述第一开关阀的出口选择性地经由第一节流支路或第一通流支路与所述室外换热器的入口连通，所述室外换热器的出口选择性地经由第二通流支路与所述压缩机的入口连通或经由第二节流支路与所述室内蒸发器的入口连通，所述室内蒸发器的出口与所述压缩机的入口连通，In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, according to one aspect of the present invention, an automobile thermal management system is provided, including a heat pump air conditioning system, a battery pack heat exchange system, a first switch valve, an engine cooling system and a first plate heat exchange system The heat pump air conditioning system and the engine cooling system respectively exchange heat with the battery pack heat exchange system through the first plate heat exchanger, and the heat pump air conditioning system includes a compressor, an indoor condenser, and an indoor evaporator and the outdoor heat exchanger, the outlet of the compressor communicates with the inlet of the indoor condenser, the outlet of the indoor condenser communicates with the inlet of the first switch valve, and the outlet of the first switch valve selectively The inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger through the first throttling branch or the first flow branch, and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger is selectively connected to the compressor through the second flow branch. The inlet communicates with the inlet of the indoor evaporator or communicates with the inlet of the indoor evaporator through the second throttling branch, and the outlet of the indoor evaporator communicates with the inlet of the compressor,
所述第一板式换热器的制冷剂入口经由选择性导通或截止的电池冷却支路与所述室外换热器的出口连通或与所述室内蒸发器的入口连通，并且经由选择性导通或截止的电池加热支路与所述第一开关阀的入口连通，所述第一板式换热器的制冷剂出口经由选择性导通或截止的电池冷却回流支路与所述压缩机的入口连通，并且经由电池加热回流支路与所述第一开关阀的出口连通，所述第一板式换热器同时串联在所述电池包换热系统的电池冷却液回路中。The refrigerant inlet of the first plate heat exchanger communicates with the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger or the inlet of the indoor evaporator through a battery cooling branch that is selectively connected or blocked, and communicates with the inlet of the indoor evaporator through a selectively conductive The battery heating branch that is turned on or off is connected with the inlet of the first switch valve, and the refrigerant outlet of the first plate heat exchanger is connected with the compressor’s cooling return branch through the battery cooling return branch that is selectively turned on or off. The inlet is connected, and communicated with the outlet of the first switching valve through the battery heating return branch, and the first plate heat exchanger is connected in series in the battery cooling liquid circuit of the battery pack heat exchange system.
可选地，所述第一板式换热器的制冷剂入口经由选择性导通或截止的所述电池冷却支路与所述室外换热器的出口连通，所述电池冷却支路上设置有第一膨胀阀。Optionally, the refrigerant inlet of the first plate heat exchanger communicates with the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger via the battery cooling branch that is selectively turned on or off, and the battery cooling branch is provided with a second an expansion valve.
可选地，所述汽车热管理系统还包括第二开关阀，所述第一节流支路经由所述第二开关阀与所述室内蒸发器的入口连通，所述第一板式换热器的制冷剂入口经由选择性导通或截止的电池冷却支路与所述第二开关阀的入口连通，并且在所述电池冷却支路上设置有流量阀。Optionally, the automotive thermal management system further includes a second on-off valve, the first throttling branch communicates with the inlet of the indoor evaporator through the second on-off valve, and the first plate heat exchanger The refrigerant inlet of the battery cooling branch communicates with the inlet of the second switching valve via a battery cooling branch that is selectively turned on or off, and a flow valve is provided on the battery cooling branch.
可选地，在所述电池冷却回流支路上设置有第三开关阀。Optionally, a third switching valve is provided on the battery cooling return branch.
可选地，在所述电池冷却回流支路上设置有第一单向阀，所述第三开关阀经由所述第一单向阀与所述压缩机的入口连通。Optionally, a first one-way valve is provided on the battery cooling return branch, and the third on-off valve communicates with the inlet of the compressor through the first one-way valve.
可选地，在所述电池加热支路上设置有第四开关阀。Optionally, a fourth switching valve is provided on the battery heating branch.
可选地，在所述电池加热回流支路上设置有第二单向阀。Optionally, a second one-way valve is provided on the battery heating return branch.
可选地，所述第一板式换热器串联在所述电池包换热系统的冷却液回路中，并且所述冷却液回路中还设置有与所述第一板式换热器串联的第一水泵、副水箱和电池包。Optionally, the first plate heat exchanger is connected in series in the coolant circuit of the battery pack heat exchange system, and the coolant circuit is also provided with a first plate heat exchanger connected in series with the first plate heat exchanger. Water pump, secondary tank and battery pack.
可选地，所述发动机冷却系统包括第二水泵、发动机、室内暖风芯体和第一三通阀，所述第二水泵的出口与所述第一三通阀的入口连通，所述第一三通阀的两个出口分别与所述第一板式换热器的发动机冷却液入口和所述 室内暖风芯体的入口连通，所述室内暖风芯体的出口和所述第一板式换热器的发动机冷却液出口均与所述发动机的冷却液入口连通，所述发动机的冷却液出口与所述第二水泵的入口连通。Optionally, the engine cooling system includes a second water pump, an engine, an indoor heater core and a first three-way valve, the outlet of the second water pump communicates with the inlet of the first three-way valve, and the first three-way valve The two outlets of a three-way valve communicate with the engine coolant inlet of the first plate heat exchanger and the inlet of the indoor heater core respectively, and the outlet of the indoor heater core communicates with the first plate heat exchanger. The engine coolant outlets of the heat exchanger are all communicated with the engine coolant inlet, and the engine coolant outlets are communicated with the inlet of the second water pump.
可选地，所述第一通流支路上设置有第五开关阀，所述第一节流支路上设置有第二膨胀阀。Optionally, a fifth switch valve is arranged on the first flow branch, and a second expansion valve is arranged on the first throttling branch.
可选地，所述热泵空调系统还包括膨胀开关阀，该膨胀开关阀的入口与所述室内冷凝器的出口连通，该膨胀开关阀的出口与所述室外换热器的入口连通，所述第一节流支路为所述膨胀开关阀的节流流道，所述第一通流支路为所述膨胀开关阀的通流流道。Optionally, the heat pump air-conditioning system further includes an expansion switch valve, the inlet of the expansion switch valve communicates with the outlet of the indoor condenser, the outlet of the expansion switch valve communicates with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the The first throttling branch is the throttling channel of the expansion switch valve, and the first flow branch is the flow channel of the expansion switch valve.
可选地，所述第二通流支路上设置有第六开关阀，所述第二节流支路上设置有第三膨胀阀。Optionally, a sixth on-off valve is arranged on the second flow branch, and a third expansion valve is arranged on the second throttling branch.
可选地，所述室内蒸发器的出口经由第三单向阀与所述压缩机的入口连通。Optionally, the outlet of the indoor evaporator communicates with the inlet of the compressor via a third one-way valve.
可选地，所述热泵空调系统应用于电动汽车，所述第二通流支路上还设置有第二板式换热器，该第二板式换热器同时设置在所述电动汽车的电机冷却系统中。Optionally, the heat pump air-conditioning system is applied to electric vehicles, and a second plate heat exchanger is also provided on the second flow branch, and the second plate heat exchanger is also provided in the motor cooling system of the electric vehicle middle.
可选地，所述第二通流支路上设置有第六开关阀，所述第二板式换热器的制冷剂入口与所述室外换热器的出口连通，所述板式换热器的制冷剂出口与所述第六开关阀的入口连通。Optionally, a sixth on-off valve is provided on the second flow branch, the refrigerant inlet of the second plate heat exchanger communicates with the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, and the refrigerant of the plate heat exchanger The agent outlet communicates with the inlet of the sixth on-off valve.
可选地，所述电机冷却系统包括与所述第二板式换热器串联以形成回路的电机、电机散热器和第三水泵。Optionally, the motor cooling system includes a motor, a motor radiator and a third water pump connected in series with the second plate heat exchanger to form a loop.
可选地，所述热泵空调系统还包括气液分离器，所述室内蒸发器的出口与所述气液分离器的入口连通，所述室外换热器的出口经由所述第二通流支路与所述气液分离器的入口连通，所述第一板式换热器的制冷剂出口经由电池冷却回流支路与所述气液分离器的入口连通，所述气液分离器的出口与所 述压缩机的入口连通。Optionally, the heat pump air-conditioning system further includes a gas-liquid separator, the outlet of the indoor evaporator communicates with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger passes through the second flow branch The outlet of the first plate heat exchanger communicates with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, the refrigerant outlet of the first plate heat exchanger communicates with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator through the battery cooling return branch, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separator communicates with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator. The inlet of the compressor is connected.
可选地，所述热泵空调系统还包括PTC加热器，该PTC加热器用于加热流经所述室内冷凝器的风。Optionally, the heat pump air-conditioning system further includes a PTC heater, and the PTC heater is used for heating the wind flowing through the indoor condenser.
可选地，所述PTC加热器设置在所述室内冷凝器的迎风侧或背风侧。Optionally, the PTC heater is arranged on the windward side or the leeward side of the indoor condenser.
根据本发明的第二方面，提供一种电动汽车，包括以上所述的汽车热管理系统。According to a second aspect of the present invention, an electric vehicle is provided, including the above-mentioned vehicle thermal management system.
本发明提供的汽车热管理系统，除了可以利用热泵空调系统实现车内夏天制冷及冬天制热的需求，还有电池冷却及电池加热的功能。通过第一板式换热器，既能通过热泵空调系统的制冷剂与电池包冷却液进行热交换，对电池降温，又可通过发动机的冷却液与电池包冷却液进行热交换，对电池加热，利用三种介质之间的热交换，可适应不同车况下对能源的有效利用，使电池始终在合适的温度范围内工作，从而提高电池的充放电效率、续航能力及使用寿命。另外，本发明在不改变制冷剂循环方向的情况下既可实现汽车空调系统的制冷和制热，结构简单，使得整个系统管路布置简单，易于批量生产。The automobile thermal management system provided by the present invention, in addition to utilizing the heat pump air-conditioning system to meet the requirements of cooling in summer and heating in winter, also has the functions of battery cooling and battery heating. Through the first plate heat exchanger, the refrigerant of the heat pump air-conditioning system can exchange heat with the battery pack coolant to cool down the battery, and the engine coolant and battery pack coolant can exchange heat to heat the battery. Using the heat exchange between the three media, it can adapt to the effective use of energy under different vehicle conditions, so that the battery can always work in a suitable temperature range, thereby improving the charging and discharging efficiency, battery life and service life of the battery. In addition, the present invention can realize the cooling and heating of the automobile air-conditioning system without changing the circulation direction of the refrigerant, and has a simple structure, which makes the pipeline layout of the whole system simple and easy for mass production.
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the description, together with the following specific embodiments, are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1是根据本发明的一种实施方式的热泵空调系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a heat pump air-conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是根据本发明的另一种实施方式的热泵空调系统的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a heat pump air-conditioning system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图3是根据本发明的另一种实施方式的热泵空调系统的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a heat pump air-conditioning system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图4是根据本发明的另一种实施方式的热泵空调系统的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a heat pump air-conditioning system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图5是根据本发明的另一种实施方式的热泵空调系统的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a heat pump air-conditioning system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图6是根据本发明的一种实施方式的汽车热管理系统的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of an automobile thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7是根据本发明的另一种实施方式的汽车热管理系统的结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of an automobile thermal management system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明优选实施方式提供的膨胀开关阀的俯视结构示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic top view of the expansion switch valve provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图9是沿图8中线AB-AB所剖得的剖面结构示意图，其中，第一阀口和第二阀口均处于打开状态；Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line AB-AB in Fig. 8, wherein both the first valve port and the second valve port are in an open state;
图10是本发明优选实施方式提供的膨胀开关阀的沿一个视角的正视结构示意图；Fig. 10 is a front structural schematic diagram of an expansion switch valve provided by a preferred embodiment of the present invention along a viewing angle;
图11是沿图8中线AB-AB所剖得的剖面结构示意图，其中，第一阀口处于打开状态，第二阀口处于闭合状态；Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line AB-AB in Fig. 8, wherein the first valve port is in an open state and the second valve port is in a closed state;
图12是沿图8中线AB-AB所剖得的剖面结构示意图，其中，第一阀口处于闭合状态，第二阀口处于打开状态；Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line AB-AB in Fig. 8, wherein the first valve port is in a closed state and the second valve port is in an open state;
图13是本发明优选实施方式提供的膨胀开关阀的沿另一个视角的正视结构示意图；Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the expansion switch valve provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention along another viewing angle;
图14是沿图13中线AC-AC所剖得的剖面结构示意图，其中，第一阀口处于打开状态，第二阀口处于闭合状态；Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AC-AC in Fig. 13, wherein the first valve port is in an open state and the second valve port is in a closed state;
图15是本发明优选实施方式提供的膨胀开关阀的第一内部结构示意图，其中，第一阀口和第二阀口均处于打开状态；Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the first internal structure of the expansion switch valve provided in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein both the first valve port and the second valve port are in an open state;
图16是图15中A部的局部放大图；Fig. 16 is a partial enlarged view of part A in Fig. 15;
图17是本发明优选实施方式提供的膨胀开关阀的第二内部结构示意图，其中，第一阀口处于打开状态，第二阀口处于关闭状态；Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the second internal structure of the expansion switch valve provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the first valve port is in an open state and the second valve port is in a closed state;
图18是本发明优选实施方式提供的膨胀开关阀的第三内部结构示意图，其中，第一阀口处于关闭状态，第二阀口均处于打开状态。Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the third internal structure of the expansion switching valve provided by the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the first valve port is in the closed state, and the second valve ports are both in the open state.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是， 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
在本发明中，在未作相反说明的情况下，使用的方位词如“上、下、左、右”通常是相对于附图的图面方向而言的，“上游、下游”是相对于媒介，如，制冷剂的流动方向而言的，具体地，朝向制冷剂的流动方向为下游，背离制冷剂的流动方向为上游，“内、外”是指相应部件轮廓的内与外。In the present invention, unless stated otherwise, the used orientation words such as "up, down, left, right" are usually relative to the drawing direction of the drawings, and "upstream and downstream" are relative to Medium, for example, in terms of the flow direction of the refrigerant, specifically, the flow direction toward the refrigerant is downstream, and the flow direction away from the refrigerant is upstream, and "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside of the corresponding component outline.
在本发明中，电动汽车主要是指混合动力汽车。In the present invention, an electric vehicle mainly refers to a hybrid vehicle.
图1是根据本发明的一种实施方式的热泵空调系统的结构示意图。如图1所示，该系统可以包括：HVAC(采暖通风及空调，Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning)总成600和风门机构(未示出)，其中，HVAC总成600可以包括室内冷凝器601和室内蒸发器602。风门机构可以用于导通通向室内蒸发器602和室内冷凝器601的风道。如图1所示，压缩机604的出口与室内冷凝器601的入口连通，室内冷凝器601的出口选择性地经由第一节流支路或第一通流支路与室外换热器605的入口连通，室外换热器605的出口选择性地经由第二节流支路与室内蒸发器602的入口连通或经由第二通流支路与压缩机604的入口连通，室内蒸发器602的出口与压缩机604的入口连通。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat pump air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the system may include: HVAC (heating ventilation and air conditioning, Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) assembly 600 and damper mechanism (not shown), wherein, HVAC assembly 600 may include indoor condenser 601 and indoor Evaporator 602. The damper mechanism can be used to guide the air duct leading to the indoor evaporator 602 and the indoor condenser 601 . As shown in Figure 1, the outlet of the compressor 604 communicates with the inlet of the indoor condenser 601, and the outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is selectively connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 605 via the first throttling branch or the first flow branch. The inlet is communicated, the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is selectively communicated with the inlet of the indoor evaporator 602 through the second throttling branch or communicated with the inlet of the compressor 604 through the second flow branch, and the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 It communicates with the inlet of the compressor 604 .
在本发明中，室内冷凝器601的出口要么经由第一节流支路与室外换热器605的入口连通，要么经由第一通流支路与室外换热器605的入口连通。可以采用多种方式来实现这种连通方式。例如，在一种实施方式中，如图1所示，热泵空调系统还可以包括膨胀开关阀603，该膨胀开关阀603的入口与室内冷凝器601的出口连通，该膨胀开关阀603的出口与室外换热器605的入口连通，其中，第一节流支路为膨胀开关阀603的节流流道，第一通流支路为膨胀开关阀603的通流流道。In the present invention, the outlet of the indoor condenser 601 either communicates with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 via the first throttling branch, or communicates with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 via the first flow branch. This connectivity can be achieved in a number of ways. For example, in one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the heat pump air-conditioning system may further include an expansion switch valve 603, the inlet of the expansion switch valve 603 communicates with the outlet of the indoor condenser 601, and the outlet of the expansion switch valve 603 communicates with the The inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is connected, wherein the first throttling branch is the throttling channel of the expansion switch valve 603 , and the first flow branch is the flow channel of the expansion switch valve 603 .
在本发明中，膨胀开关阀是同时具有膨胀阀功能(亦可称为电子膨胀阀 功能)和开关阀功能(亦可称为电磁阀功能)的阀门，可以将其视为是开关阀与膨胀阀的集成。在膨胀开关阀的内部形成有通流流道和节流流道，当膨胀开关阀作为开关阀使用时，其内部的通流流道导通，此时形成通流支路；当膨胀开关阀作为膨胀阀使用时，其内部的节流流道导通，此时形成节流支路。In the present invention, the expansion on-off valve is a valve that has both the function of an expansion valve (also called the function of an electronic expansion valve) and the function of an on-off valve (also called a function of a solenoid valve), and it can be regarded as a combination of an on-off valve and an expansion valve. Valve integration. The inside of the expansion switch valve is formed with a flow channel and a throttle channel. When the expansion switch valve is used as a switch valve, the internal flow channel is conducted, and a flow branch is formed at this time; when the expansion switch valve When it is used as an expansion valve, its internal throttling channel is conducted, and at this time, a throttling branch is formed.
作为另一种替换的实施方式，如图2所示，该热泵空调系统还可以包括第五开关阀608和第二膨胀阀607，其中，第一通流支路上设置有第五开关阀608，第一节流支路上设置有第二膨胀阀607。具体地，如图2所示，室内冷凝器601的出口经由第五开关阀608与室外换热器605的入口连通以形成第一通流支路，室内冷凝器601的出口经由第二膨胀阀607与室外换热器605的入口连通以形成第一节流支路。当系统处于热泵高温制冷循环模式下时，第五开关阀608导通，第二膨胀阀607关闭，室内冷凝器601的出口经由第一通流支路与室外换热器605的入口连通。当系统处于热泵低温制热循环模式下时，第二膨胀阀607导通，第五开关阀608关闭，室内冷凝器601的出口经由第一节流支路与室外换热器605的入口连通。As another alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the heat pump air-conditioning system may further include a fifth on-off valve 608 and a second expansion valve 607, wherein the fifth on-off valve 608 is arranged on the first flow branch, A second expansion valve 607 is arranged on the first throttling branch. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the outlet of the indoor condenser 601 communicates with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 via the fifth on-off valve 608 to form a first flow branch, and the outlet of the indoor condenser 601 passes through the second expansion valve 607 communicates with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 to form a first throttling branch. When the system is in the heat pump high-temperature refrigeration cycle mode, the fifth on-off valve 608 is turned on, the second expansion valve 607 is closed, and the outlet of the indoor condenser 601 communicates with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 through the first flow branch. When the system is in the heat pump low-temperature heating cycle mode, the second expansion valve 607 is turned on, the fifth on-off valve 608 is closed, and the outlet of the indoor condenser 601 communicates with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 through the first throttling branch.
为了方便管路布设，节省空间占用，优选地，在本发明提供的热泵空调系统中采用膨胀开关阀603，即，图1所示的实施方式。In order to facilitate pipeline layout and save space, preferably, an expansion on-off valve 603 is used in the heat pump air-conditioning system provided by the present invention, that is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
与上述替换的实施方式中的第一通流支路和第一节流支路的实现方式相类似，如图1所示，第二通流支路上设置有第六开关阀610，第二节流支路上设置有第三膨胀阀609。具体地，如图3所示，室外换热器605的出口经由第六开关阀610与压缩机604的入口连通以形成第二通流支路，室外换热器605的出口经由第三膨胀阀609与室内蒸发器602的入口连通以形成第二节流支路。当系统处于热泵高温制冷循环模式下时，第三膨胀阀609导通，第六开关阀610关闭，室外换热器605的出口经由第二节流支路与室内蒸发器602的入口连通。当系统处于热泵低温制热循环模式下时，第六开关阀610 导通，第三膨胀阀609关闭，室外换热器605的出口经由第二通流支路与压缩机604的入口连通。Similar to the implementation of the first flow branch and the first throttling branch in the above alternative embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a sixth on-off valve 610 is arranged on the second flow branch, the second section A third expansion valve 609 is provided on the flow branch. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 communicates with the inlet of the compressor 604 via the sixth on-off valve 610 to form a second flow branch, and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 passes through the third expansion valve. 609 communicates with the inlet of the indoor evaporator 602 to form a second throttling branch. When the system is in the heat pump high-temperature refrigeration cycle mode, the third expansion valve 609 is turned on, the sixth on-off valve 610 is closed, and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 communicates with the inlet of the indoor evaporator 602 through the second throttling branch. When the system is in the heat pump low-temperature heating cycle mode, the sixth on-off valve 610 is turned on, the third expansion valve 609 is closed, and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 communicates with the inlet of the compressor 604 through the second flow branch.
图3示出了根据本发明的另一实施方式的热泵空调系统的结构示意图。如图3所示，该热泵空调系统还可以包括气液分离器611和第三单向阀615，其中，室内蒸发器602的出口与气液分离器611的入口连通，气液分离器611的出口与压缩机604的入口连通。这样，经室内蒸发器602流出的制冷剂可以首先经过气液分离器611进行气液分离，分离出的气体再回流到压缩机604中，从而防止液态制冷剂进入到压缩机604而损坏压缩机604，从而可以延长压缩机604的使用寿命，并提高整个热泵空调系统的效率。室内蒸发器602的出口通过第三单向阀615与气液分离器611的入口连通。这里，设置第三单向阀615是为了防止在热泵低温制热循环模式(以下将详细描述)下制冷剂回流至室内蒸发器602，影响采暖效果。Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a heat pump air-conditioning system according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the heat pump air-conditioning system may also include a gas-liquid separator 611 and a third check valve 615, wherein the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 communicates with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 611 The outlet communicates with the inlet of compressor 604 . In this way, the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor evaporator 602 can be separated into gas and liquid through the gas-liquid separator 611 first, and the separated gas is then returned to the compressor 604, thereby preventing the liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor 604 and damaging the compressor 604, so that the service life of the compressor 604 can be extended, and the efficiency of the entire heat pump air-conditioning system can be improved. The outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 communicates with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611 through the third one-way valve 615 . Here, the third one-way valve 615 is provided to prevent the refrigerant from flowing back into the indoor evaporator 602 in the low-temperature heating cycle mode of the heat pump (described in detail below), thereby affecting the heating effect.
在热泵低温制热循环模式下，为了提高采暖能力，优选地，如图4所示，在整个热泵空调系统中设置了第二板式换热器612，该第二板式换热器612同时也被设置在电动汽车的电机冷却系统中。这样，可以利用电机冷却系统的余热给空调系统制冷剂加热，从而可提高压缩机604的吸气温度和吸气量。第二板式换热器612可以任意设置在第六开关阀610的上游或下游。在图4示出的实施方式中，第二板式换热器612设置在第六开关阀610的上游，即，第二板式换热器612的制冷剂入口612a与室外换热器605的出口连通，第二板式换热器612的制冷剂出口612b与第六开关阀610的入口连通。在另一种实施方式中(未示出)，第二板式换热器612设置在第六开关阀610的下游，即，第二板式换热器612的制冷剂入口612a与第六开关阀610的出口连通，第二板式换热器612的制冷剂出口612b与气液分离器611的入口连通。In the heat pump low-temperature heating cycle mode, in order to improve the heating capacity, preferably, as shown in FIG. It is installed in the motor cooling system of electric vehicles. In this way, the waste heat of the motor cooling system can be used to heat the refrigerant of the air conditioning system, thereby increasing the suction temperature and suction capacity of the compressor 604 . The second plate heat exchanger 612 may be arbitrarily disposed upstream or downstream of the sixth switching valve 610 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the second plate heat exchanger 612 is arranged upstream of the sixth switch valve 610, that is, the refrigerant inlet 612a of the second plate heat exchanger 612 communicates with the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 , the refrigerant outlet 612b of the second plate heat exchanger 612 communicates with the inlet of the sixth switching valve 610 . In another embodiment (not shown), the second plate heat exchanger 612 is arranged downstream of the sixth on-off valve 610, that is, the refrigerant inlet 612a of the second plate heat exchanger 612 is connected to the sixth on-off valve 610. The outlet of the second plate heat exchanger 612 is connected with the outlet of the refrigerant, and the outlet 612b of the refrigerant of the second plate heat exchanger 612 is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611 .
与此同时，第二板式换热器612同时设置在电机冷却系统中。如图4所 示，电机冷却系统可以包括与第二板式换热器612串联以形成回路的电机、电机散热器613和第三水泵614。这样，制冷剂能够通过第二板式换热器612与电机冷却系统中的冷却液进行热交换。经过第六开关阀610和室内蒸发器602后，室内蒸发器602的出口仍为低温低压的气体，此时第六开关阀610和室内蒸发器602仅作为流道流过。At the same time, the second plate heat exchanger 612 is also set in the motor cooling system. As shown in FIG. 4 , the motor cooling system may include a motor connected in series with a second plate heat exchanger 612 to form a loop, a motor radiator 613 and a third water pump 614 . In this way, the refrigerant can exchange heat with the cooling liquid in the motor cooling system through the second plate heat exchanger 612 . After passing through the sixth on-off valve 610 and the indoor evaporator 602, the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 is still low-temperature and low-pressure gas. At this time, the sixth on-off valve 610 and the indoor evaporator 602 only serve as flow channels.
在本发明提供的热泵空调系统中，可使用R134a、R410a、R32、R290等各种制冷剂，优先选用中高温制冷剂。In the heat pump air-conditioning system provided by the present invention, various refrigerants such as R134a, R410a, R32, and R290 can be used, and medium and high temperature refrigerants are preferred.
图5是根据本发明的另一实施方式的热泵空调系统的结构示意图。如图6所示，HVAC总成600还可以包括PTC加热器619，该PTC加热器619用于对流经室内冷凝器601的风进行加热。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat pump air-conditioning system according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6 , the HVAC assembly 600 may further include a PTC heater 619 for heating the air flowing through the indoor condenser 601 .
在本发明中，PTC加热器619可以为高压PTC(由整车高压电池驱动)，电压范围：200V-900V。或者，PTC加热器619也可以为低压PTC(12V或24V蓄电池驱动)，电压范围：9V-32V。另外，此PTC加热器619可以是由几条或几块PTC陶瓷片模块及散热翅片组成的一个完整的芯体，也可以为带散热翅片的条状或块状的PTC陶瓷片模块。In the present invention, the PTC heater 619 can be a high-voltage PTC (driven by the vehicle's high-voltage battery), with a voltage range of 200V-900V. Alternatively, the PTC heater 619 can also be a low-voltage PTC (driven by a 12V or 24V battery), with a voltage range of 9V-32V. In addition, the PTC heater 619 can be a complete core body composed of several or several PTC ceramic chip modules and cooling fins, or can be a strip-shaped or block-shaped PTC ceramic chip module with cooling fins.
在本发明中，该PTC加热器619可以布置在室内冷凝器601的迎风侧或背风侧。并且，为了提高对流经室内冷凝器601的风的加热效果，该PTC加热器619可以与室内冷凝器601平行设置。在其他实施方式中，该PTC加热器619也可以布置在HVAC总成600的箱体的吹脚风口及除霜风口处，还可以布置在除霜风道的风口处。In the present invention, the PTC heater 619 can be arranged on the windward side or the leeward side of the indoor condenser 601 . Moreover, in order to improve the heating effect of the wind flowing through the indoor condenser 601 , the PTC heater 619 may be arranged in parallel with the indoor condenser 601 . In other implementation manners, the PTC heater 619 may also be arranged at the foot blowing outlet and the defrosting outlet of the box of the HVAC assembly 600 , and may also be arranged at the outlet of the defrosting air duct.
如果将PTC加热器619布置在箱体内室内冷凝器601的迎风侧或背风侧，与室内冷凝器601平行布置，可在箱体壳体上挖槽，PTC加热器619垂直插入放进箱体，也可以在室内冷凝器601边板上焊接支架，PTC加热器619通过螺钉固定在室内冷凝器601的支架上。如果将PTC加热器619布置在箱体的吹脚风口及除霜风口处，或布置在除霜风道的风口处，可通过螺钉 直接固定在箱体出风口及风道口的风口处。If the PTC heater 619 is arranged on the windward side or the leeward side of the indoor condenser 601 in the box, and arranged in parallel with the indoor condenser 601, a groove can be dug on the box shell, and the PTC heater 619 is inserted vertically into the box. The bracket can also be welded on the side plate of the indoor condenser 601, and the PTC heater 619 is fixed on the bracket of the indoor condenser 601 by screws. If the PTC heater 619 is arranged at the blowing foot outlet and the defrosting outlet of the cabinet, or at the outlet of the defrosting air duct, it can be directly fixed to the outlet of the cabinet and the outlet of the air duct by screws.
通过这一实施方式，当车外温度过低，热泵低温采暖的制热量不满足车内需求时，可运行PTC加热器619辅助制热采暖，由此可以消除热泵空调系统低温制热时制热量小，整车除霜除雾慢，采暖效果不佳等缺陷。Through this implementation, when the outside temperature is too low and the heating capacity of the heat pump low-temperature heating does not meet the needs of the vehicle, the PTC heater 619 can be operated to assist heating and heating, thereby eliminating the heating capacity of the heat pump air-conditioning system during low-temperature heating. Small, slow defrosting and defogging of the whole vehicle, poor heating effect and other defects.
图6是根据本发明的一种实施方式的汽车热管理系统的结构示意图。如图6所示，该汽车热管理系统可以包括上文所介绍的热泵空调系统、电池包换热系统和第一板式换热器620，其中，第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a经由选择性导通或截止的电池冷却支路与室外换热器605的出口或室内蒸发器602的入口连通，第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b经由电池冷却回流支路与压缩机604的入口连通，第一板式换热器620同时串联在电池包换热系统的电池冷却液回路中。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6 , the automotive thermal management system may include the heat pump air-conditioning system described above, the battery pack heat exchange system and the first plate heat exchanger 620, wherein the refrigerant inlet 620a of the first plate heat exchanger 620 It communicates with the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 or the inlet of the indoor evaporator 602 through the battery cooling branch that is selectively turned on or off, and the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 is connected with the compressor through the battery cooling return branch. The inlet of 604 is connected, and the first plate heat exchanger 620 is connected in series in the battery coolant circuit of the battery pack heat exchange system.
即，作为本发明的主要的发明构思，是通过增加由电池冷却支路、第一板式换热器620和电池冷却回流支路共同组成的和室内蒸发器602相并联的用于对电池冷却的制冷剂分流支路，这样，当热泵高温制冷加电池冷却循环模式下时，制冷剂可以分成两股：其中一股制冷剂流向室内蒸发器602，并在室内蒸发器602中蒸发，吸收室内环境热量，降低室内温度；另一股制冷剂流向第一板式换热器620，并通过第一板式换热器620与电池包换热系统的电池冷却液回路中的冷却液进行换热，吸收冷却液的热量，进而可以实现对电池包622的冷却。That is to say, as the main inventive idea of the present invention, it is to increase the cooling of the battery by adding the battery cooling branch, the first plate heat exchanger 620 and the battery cooling return branch, which are connected in parallel with the indoor evaporator 602. The refrigerant is divided into branches, so that when the heat pump is in the high-temperature cooling plus battery cooling cycle mode, the refrigerant can be divided into two streams: one of the refrigerant flows to the indoor evaporator 602, and evaporates in the indoor evaporator 602, absorbing the indoor environment heat to reduce the indoor temperature; another stream of refrigerant flows to the first plate heat exchanger 620, and through the first plate heat exchanger 620, it exchanges heat with the coolant in the battery coolant circuit of the battery pack heat exchange system, absorbing cooling The heat of the liquid can realize the cooling of the battery pack 622.
在本发明中，第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a的连接方式有两种模式：在一种实施方式中，如图6所示，第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a可以经由选择性导通或截止的电池冷却支路与室外换热器605的出口连通。具体地，在电池冷却支路上可以设置第一膨胀阀621。这样，可以根据实际需求通过打开或关闭第一膨胀阀621以控制制冷剂是否能够流入至第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a。即，控制电池冷却支路是处于导通 状态，还是处于截止状态。In the present invention, the connection mode of the refrigerant inlet 620a of the first plate heat exchanger 620 has two modes: in one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 , the refrigerant inlet 620a of the first plate heat exchanger 620 It communicates with the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 via a battery cooling branch that can be selectively turned on or off. Specifically, a first expansion valve 621 may be provided on the battery cooling branch. In this way, whether the refrigerant can flow into the refrigerant inlet 620a of the first plate heat exchanger 620 can be controlled by opening or closing the first expansion valve 621 according to actual needs. That is, to control whether the battery cooling branch is in the conduction state or in the cut-off state.
在这种实施方式中，在热泵高温制冷加电池冷却循环模式下，从室外换热器605出来的中温高压的制冷剂直接分成两股：一股流向第三膨胀阀609；另一股流向第一膨胀阀621。换言之，此时制冷剂是分流后再在每条支路上分别进行节流降压的。In this embodiment, in the heat pump high-temperature refrigeration plus battery cooling cycle mode, the medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant coming out of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is directly divided into two streams: one stream flows to the third expansion valve 609; the other stream flows to the third expansion valve 609. An expansion valve 621. In other words, at this time, the refrigerant is divided and then throttling and reducing the pressure on each branch.
在另一种实施方式中，如图7所示，汽车热管理系统还包括第五开关阀626，第二节流支路经由第五开关阀626与室内蒸发器602的入口连通。具体地，在图7所示的实施方式中，第三膨胀阀609的出口经由第五开关阀626与室内蒸发器602的入口连通。第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a经由选择性导通或截止的电池冷却支路与第五开关阀626的入口连通，并且在电池冷却支路上设置有流量阀627。In another implementation, as shown in FIG. 7 , the automotive thermal management system further includes a fifth on-off valve 626 , and the second throttling branch communicates with the inlet of the indoor evaporator 602 through the fifth on-off valve 626 . Specifically, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , the outlet of the third expansion valve 609 communicates with the inlet of the indoor evaporator 602 via the fifth on-off valve 626 . The refrigerant inlet 620a of the first plate heat exchanger 620 communicates with the inlet of the fifth switching valve 626 via a battery cooling branch that is selectively turned on or off, and a flow valve 627 is provided on the battery cooling branch.
这样，可以通过控制流量阀627以控制制冷剂是否能够流入至第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a，即，控制电池冷却支路是处于导通状态，还是处于截止状态。此外，控制流量阀627还可以根据实际需要调控制冷剂流入第一板式换热器620的流量的大小。In this way, it is possible to control whether the refrigerant can flow into the refrigerant inlet 620a of the first plate heat exchanger 620 by controlling the flow valve 627, that is, to control whether the battery cooling branch is in a conducting state or in a blocking state. In addition, the flow control valve 627 can also regulate the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing into the first plate heat exchanger 620 according to actual needs.
在这种实施方式中，在热泵高温制冷加电池冷却循环模式下，从室外换热器605出来的中温高压的制冷剂经过第三膨胀阀609的节流后分成两股：一股流向第五开关阀626，另一股流向流量阀627，其中，流量阀627可以实现两股制冷剂的流量比例的分配的功能。此时，制冷剂是先在干路上进行节流降压然后再进行分流的。In this embodiment, in the heat pump high-temperature refrigeration plus battery cooling cycle mode, the medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant coming out of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is throttled by the third expansion valve 609 and then divided into two streams: one stream flows to the fifth The switch valve 626, the other stream flows to the flow valve 627, wherein the flow valve 627 can realize the function of distributing the flow ratio of the two streams of refrigerant. At this time, the refrigerant is throttled and depressurized on the dry road first, and then split.
为了防止在热泵低温采暖循环模式下，低温低压的制冷剂回流至第一板式换热器620中，在电池冷却回流支路上设置有第一单向阀628。即，第一单向阀628只能单向地允许制冷剂从第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b流向压缩机604的入口，而不能向相反方向流动。In order to prevent the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant from flowing back into the first plate heat exchanger 620 in the low-temperature heating cycle mode of the heat pump, a first one-way valve 628 is provided on the battery cooling return branch. That is, the first one-way valve 628 can only allow the refrigerant to flow from the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 to the inlet of the compressor 604 unidirectionally, but cannot flow in the opposite direction.
具体地，第一板式换热器620串联在电池包换热系统的冷却液回路中， 并且冷却液回路中还设置有与第一板式换热器620串联的第一水泵624、副水箱625和电池包622。Specifically, the first plate heat exchanger 620 is connected in series in the coolant circuit of the battery pack heat exchange system, and the coolant circuit is also provided with a first water pump 624 connected in series with the first plate heat exchanger 620, an auxiliary water tank 625 and battery pack 622.
例如，在一种实施方式中，电池包622的冷却液出口与副水箱625的冷却液入口连通，副水箱625的冷却液出口与第一水泵624的冷却液入口连通，第一水泵624的冷却液出口与第一板式换热器620的冷却液入口连通，第一板式换热器620的冷却液出口与电池包622的冷却液入口连通，由此形成电池包冷却/加热循环。For example, in one implementation, the coolant outlet of the battery pack 622 communicates with the coolant inlet of the auxiliary water tank 625, the coolant outlet of the auxiliary water tank 625 communicates with the coolant inlet of the first water pump 624, and the cooling of the first water pump 624 The liquid outlet communicates with the coolant inlet of the first plate heat exchanger 620 , and the coolant outlet of the first plate heat exchanger 620 communicates with the coolant inlet of the battery pack 622 , thereby forming a battery pack cooling/heating cycle.
如上，为防止液态制冷剂进入到压缩机604而损坏压缩机604，从而可以延长压缩机604的使用寿命，并提高整个热泵空调系统的效率，在热泵空调系统中设置了气液分离器611。如图6和图7所示，气液分离器611的入口除了与室内蒸发器602的出口和第六开关阀610连通之外，第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b还经由电池冷却回流支路与气液分离器611的入口连通。换言之，从第一板式换热器620出来的液态制冷剂也可以首先经过气液分离器611进行气液分离，分离出的气体再回流到压缩机604中，从而防止液态制冷剂进入到压缩机604而损坏压缩机604。As mentioned above, in order to prevent the liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor 604 and damage the compressor 604, thereby prolonging the service life of the compressor 604 and improving the efficiency of the entire heat pump air conditioning system, a gas-liquid separator 611 is provided in the heat pump air conditioning system. As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, in addition to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611 communicating with the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 and the sixth switching valve 610, the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 is also cooled by the battery The return branch communicates with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611 . In other words, the liquid refrigerant coming out of the first plate heat exchanger 620 can firstly pass through the gas-liquid separator 611 for gas-liquid separation, and then the separated gas flows back into the compressor 604, thereby preventing the liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor 604 and damage the compressor 604.
下面回到图6所示的汽车热管理系统的结构示意图中。如图6所示，在该系统中，热泵空调系统还可以包括第一开关阀630，其中，室内冷凝器601的出口与第一开关阀630的入口连通，第一开关阀630的出口选择性地经由第一节流支路或第一通流支路与室外换热器605的入口连通。具体如图6所示，第一开关阀630的出口可以经由膨胀开关阀603与室外换热器605的入口连通。另外，第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a经由选择性导通或截止的电池加热支路与第一开关阀630的入口连通，第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b经由电池加热回流支路与第一开关阀630的出口连通，第一板式换热器620同时串联在电池包换热系统的电池冷却液回路中。Let's go back to the schematic structural diagram of the automobile thermal management system shown in FIG. 6 . As shown in Figure 6, in this system, the heat pump air-conditioning system may further include a first switch valve 630, wherein the outlet of the indoor condenser 601 communicates with the inlet of the first switch valve 630, and the outlet of the first switch valve 630 is selectively The ground communicates with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 via the first throttling branch or the first flow branch. Specifically as shown in FIG. 6 , the outlet of the first switching valve 630 may communicate with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 via the expansion switching valve 603 . In addition, the refrigerant inlet 620a of the first plate heat exchanger 620 communicates with the inlet of the first switching valve 630 through the battery heating branch that is selectively turned on or off, and the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 is connected through the battery heating branch. The heating return branch is in communication with the outlet of the first switch valve 630, and the first plate heat exchanger 620 is connected in series in the battery coolant circuit of the battery pack heat exchange system.
即，作为本发明的另一发明构思，通过在室内冷凝器601和膨胀开关阀 603之间增加第一开关阀630，并且增加分别连通到第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a和制冷剂出口的电池加热支路和电池加热回流支路，且电池加热支路、第一板式换热器620和电池加热回流支路共同组成一个和第一开关阀630相并联的用于对电池加热的制冷剂分流支路。这样，当热泵低温采暖加电池加热循环模式下时，从室内冷凝器601出来的中温高压的制冷剂，可以分成两股：其中一股制冷剂流向第一开关阀630的入口，另一股制冷剂流向第一板式换热器620，并通过第一板式换热器620与电池包换热系统的电池冷却液回路中的冷却液进行换热，冷却液吸收制冷剂释放的热量，进而可以实现对电池包的加热升温。That is, as another inventive concept of the present invention, by adding a first on-off valve 630 between the indoor condenser 601 and the expansion on-off valve 603, and adding the refrigerant inlet 620a and the refrigerant inlet 620a respectively connected to the first plate heat exchanger 620 The battery heating branch and the battery heating return branch of the agent outlet, and the battery heating branch, the first plate heat exchanger 620 and the battery heating return branch together form a parallel connection with the first switching valve 630 for heating the battery refrigerant branch circuit. In this way, when the heat pump is in the low-temperature heating plus battery heating cycle mode, the medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant coming out of the indoor condenser 601 can be divided into two streams: one of which flows to the inlet of the first switch valve 630, and the other stream for cooling The refrigerant flows to the first plate heat exchanger 620, and exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the battery cooling liquid circuit of the battery pack heat exchange system through the first plate heat exchanger 620. The cooling liquid absorbs the heat released by the refrigerant, thereby realizing Heat up the battery pack.
为便于控制制冷剂是否流经电池加热支路，在电池加热支路上设置有第四开关阀631。这样，当需要对电池进行加热时，例如，在电池加热循环模式下，可以打开第四开关阀631，此时，制冷剂能够流经第一板式换热器620，提供热量给电池包换热系统。当不需要对电池进行加热时，例如，在电池冷却循环模式下，可以关闭第四开关阀631，防止高温高压的制冷剂进入第一板式换热器620对电池进行加热升温，造成电池的温度进一步增加。In order to control whether the refrigerant flows through the battery heating branch, a fourth on-off valve 631 is provided on the battery heating branch. In this way, when the battery needs to be heated, for example, in the battery heating cycle mode, the fourth switch valve 631 can be opened, at this time, the refrigerant can flow through the first plate heat exchanger 620 to provide heat to the battery pack for heat exchange system. When the battery does not need to be heated, for example, in the battery cooling cycle mode, the fourth on-off valve 631 can be closed to prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from entering the first plate heat exchanger 620 to heat the battery, causing the temperature of the battery to rise. further increase.
为防止在电池加热循环模式下，从第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b出来的低温高压的液态的制冷剂直接流向压缩机604，造成对压缩机的损害，在电池冷却回流支路上设置有第三开关阀633。这样，当系统在电池加热循环模式下时，可用关闭第三开关阀633，使得从第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b出来的低温高压的制冷剂全部经由电池加热回流支路流向膨胀开关阀603。In order to prevent the low-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant from the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 from flowing directly to the compressor 604 in the battery heating cycle mode, causing damage to the compressor, the battery cooling return branch road A third switching valve 633 is provided. In this way, when the system is in the battery heating cycle mode, the third on-off valve 633 can be closed, so that all the low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant coming out of the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 flows to the expansion through the battery heating return branch. Switch valve 603.
如上述，为了防止在热泵低温制热循环模式下，低温低压的制冷剂回流至第一板式换热器620中，在电池冷却回流支路上设置有第一单向阀628。其中，第三开关阀633经由第一单向阀628与压缩机604的入口连通。As mentioned above, in order to prevent the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant from flowing back into the first plate heat exchanger 620 in the low-temperature heating cycle mode of the heat pump, a first one-way valve 628 is provided on the battery cooling return branch. Wherein, the third on-off valve 633 communicates with the inlet of the compressor 604 via the first one-way valve 628 .
为防止在电池冷却循环模式下，从室内冷凝器601出来的高温高压的气 体制冷剂经过第一开关阀630后，沿着电池加热回流支路流向第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b，在电池加热回流支路上设置有第二单向阀632。即，第二单向阀632可以单向地允许制冷剂从第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b流向膨胀开关阀603，而不能沿相反方向流动。In order to prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant coming out of the indoor condenser 601 from the indoor condenser 601 to flow to the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 along the battery heating return branch after passing through the first switching valve 630 in the battery cooling cycle mode , a second one-way valve 632 is provided on the battery heating return branch. That is, the second one-way valve 632 can unidirectionally allow the refrigerant to flow from the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 to the expansion switch valve 603, but cannot flow in the opposite direction.
下面再回到图6所示的汽车热管理系统的结构示意图中。如图6所示，该汽车热管理系统除了包括上文所介绍的热泵空调系统、电池包换热系统和第一板式换热器620之外，还可以包括发动机冷却系统，其中，热泵空调系统和所述发动机冷却系统分别通过第一板式换热器620与电池包换热系统换热。在本发明中，第一板式换热器620为三层板式换热器。所谓“三层板式换热器”是指内部形成有三条换热通道的板式换热器，其中，一条换热通道内流动的是热泵空调系统的制冷剂，一条换热通道内流动的是电池冷却液，一条换热通道内流动的是发动机冷却液。Let's go back to the schematic structural diagram of the automobile thermal management system shown in FIG. 6 . As shown in Figure 6, in addition to the heat pump air conditioning system, the battery pack heat exchange system and the first plate heat exchanger 620 described above, the automotive thermal management system may also include an engine cooling system, wherein the heat pump air conditioning system and the engine cooling system respectively exchange heat with the battery pack heat exchange system through the first plate heat exchanger 620 . In the present invention, the first plate heat exchanger 620 is a three-layer plate heat exchanger. The so-called "three-layer plate heat exchanger" refers to a plate heat exchanger with three heat exchange channels formed inside. Among them, the refrigerant of the heat pump air conditioning system flows in one heat exchange channel, and the battery flows in the other heat exchange channel. Coolant, engine coolant flows in a heat exchange channel.
具体地，如图6和图7所示，发动机冷却系统可以包括第二水泵641、发动机642、室内暖风芯体643(设置在HVAC 600内)和三通阀644，其中，第二水泵641的出口与三通阀644的入口644a连通，三通阀644的两个出口(即，第二出口644c和第一出口644b)分别与室内暖风芯体643的入口和第一板式换热器620的发动机冷却液入口620c连通，室内暖风芯体643的出口和第一板式换热器620的发动机冷却液出口620d均与发动机642的冷却液入口连通，发动机642的冷却液出口与第二水泵641的入口连通。Specifically, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the engine cooling system may include a second water pump 641, an engine 642, an indoor heater core 643 (set in the HVAC 600) and a three-way valve 644, wherein the second water pump 641 The outlet of the three-way valve 644 communicates with the inlet 644a of the three-way valve 644, and the two outlets of the three-way valve 644 (that is, the second outlet 644c and the first outlet 644b) are respectively connected to the inlet of the indoor heater core 643 and the first plate heat exchanger. The engine coolant inlet 620c of the engine 620 is connected, the outlet of the indoor heater core 643 and the engine coolant outlet 620d of the first plate heat exchanger 620 are both connected with the coolant inlet of the engine 642, and the coolant outlet of the engine 642 is connected with the second The inlet of the water pump 641 is connected.
当打开第二水泵641，导通三通阀644的入口644a与三通阀644的第一出口644b时，发动机冷却液可以经由第一板式换热器620的发动机冷却液入口620c流入第一板式换热器620，并经由第一板式换热器620的发动机冷却液出口620d流出第一板式换热器620。这样，可以利用发动机642的余热为电池包进行加热。此外，还可以通过导通三通阀644的入口644a与三通阀644的第二出口644c，使得发动机冷却液流入室内暖风芯体643，从而实 现利用发动机余热为车内供暖。When the second water pump 641 is turned on and the inlet 644a of the three-way valve 644 is connected to the first outlet 644b of the three-way valve 644, the engine coolant can flow into the first plate heat exchanger 620 through the engine coolant inlet 620c of the first plate heat exchanger 620. heat exchanger 620 , and flows out of the first plate heat exchanger 620 through the engine coolant outlet 620d of the first plate heat exchanger 620 . In this way, the waste heat of the engine 642 can be used to heat the battery pack. In addition, the engine coolant can flow into the indoor heater core 643 by connecting the inlet 644a of the three-way valve 644 with the second outlet 644c of the three-way valve 644, so that the engine waste heat can be used to heat the interior of the vehicle.
下面将以图6为例来详细描述本发明提供的汽车热管理系统在不同的工作模式下的循环过程及原理。应当理解的是，其他实施方式(例如，图7所示的实施方式)下的系统循环过程及原理与图6是相似的，此处就不再一一赘述。The cycle process and principle of the automobile thermal management system provided by the present invention under different working modes will be described in detail below by taking FIG. 6 as an example. It should be understood that the system cycle process and principle in other implementation manners (for example, the implementation manner shown in FIG. 7 ) are similar to those in FIG. 6 , and will not be repeated here.
模式一：热泵高温制冷循环模式。在系统处于该模式下时，整个系统形成一个高温制冷循环系统。如图6所示，首先，压缩机604经过压缩排出高温高压的气体，与室内冷凝器601相连。此时，通过风门机构控制风不经过室内冷凝器601，由于无风经过，因此，在室内冷凝器601内不会进行热交换，该室内冷凝器601仅作为流道使用，此时室内冷凝器601出口仍为高温高压的气体。室内冷凝器601出口与膨胀开关阀603相连，此时膨胀开关阀603起开关阀作用，仅作为流道流过，此时膨胀开关阀603出口仍为高温高压的气体。膨胀开关阀603出口与室外换热器605相连，室外换热器605与室外空气换热，把热量散发到空气中，室外换热器605出口为中温高压的液体。此时，第六开关阀610关闭，第一膨胀阀621关闭，室外换热器605出口与第三膨胀阀609相连，第三膨胀阀609作为节流元件起到节流作用，其出口为低温低压液体。第三膨胀阀609开度可以根据实际需求给予一定的开度，此开度可以根据安装在室内蒸发器602的出口与气液分离器611的入口之间的压力-温度传感器的压力和温度采集数据计算室内蒸发器602出口制冷剂过热度来调节。第三膨胀阀609出口与室内蒸发器602的入口相连，低温低压液体在室内蒸发器602内进行蒸发，使得室内蒸发器602出口为低温低压的气体。室内蒸发器602的出口与第三单向阀615的入口相连，第三单向阀615的出口与气液分离器611的入口相连，把未蒸发完的液体通过气液分离器611分离，最后低温低压的气体回到压缩机604中，由此形成一个循环。此时HVAC总成600中风的流向仅流经室内蒸发器602，室内冷凝器601 无风经过，仅作为制冷剂流道流过。并且，在该模式下，第一水泵624关闭，第二水泵641关闭，三通阀644断电，即，关闭。Mode 1: heat pump high temperature refrigeration cycle mode. When the system is in this mode, the whole system forms a high temperature refrigeration cycle system. As shown in FIG. 6 , first, the compressor 604 discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas after compression, and is connected to the indoor condenser 601 . At this time, the wind is controlled by the damper mechanism not to pass through the indoor condenser 601. Since there is no wind passing through, no heat exchange will be performed in the indoor condenser 601. The indoor condenser 601 is only used as a flow channel. At this time, the indoor condenser The 601 outlet is still high temperature and high pressure gas. The outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is connected to the expansion on-off valve 603. At this time, the expansion on-off valve 603 acts as an on-off valve and only flows through it as a flow channel. At this time, the outlet of the expansion on-off valve 603 is still high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The outlet of the expansion switch valve 603 is connected with the outdoor heat exchanger 605. The outdoor heat exchanger 605 exchanges heat with the outdoor air to dissipate the heat into the air. The outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid. At this time, the sixth switching valve 610 is closed, the first expansion valve 621 is closed, the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is connected to the third expansion valve 609, and the third expansion valve 609 acts as a throttling element, and its outlet is low temperature. low pressure liquid. The opening degree of the third expansion valve 609 can be given a certain opening degree according to actual needs, and this opening degree can be collected according to the pressure and temperature of the pressure-temperature sensor installed between the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 and the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611 The superheat degree of the refrigerant at the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 is calculated from the data to adjust. The outlet of the third expansion valve 609 is connected to the inlet of the indoor evaporator 602, and the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid is evaporated in the indoor evaporator 602, so that the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 is a low-temperature and low-pressure gas. The outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 is connected to the inlet of the third one-way valve 615, and the outlet of the third one-way valve 615 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611, and the unevaporated liquid is separated by the gas-liquid separator 611, and finally The low-temperature and low-pressure gas returns to the compressor 604, thereby forming a cycle. At this time, the air flow direction of the HVAC assembly 600 only flows through the indoor evaporator 602 , and the indoor condenser 601 flows through only as a refrigerant flow channel without wind. And, in this mode, the first water pump 624 is turned off, the second water pump 641 is turned off, and the three-way valve 644 is powered off, that is, closed.
模式二：电池冷却循环模式。在系统处于该模式下时，电池包换热系统形成一个电池包冷却循环系统。如图6所示，压缩机604经过压缩排出高温高压的气体，与室内冷凝器601相连。此时，通过风门机构控制风不经过室内冷凝器601，由于无风经过，因此，在室内冷凝器601内不会进行热交换，该室内冷凝器601仅作为流道使用，此时室内冷凝器601出口仍为高温高压的气体。室内冷凝器601出口与膨胀开关阀603相连，此时膨胀开关阀603起开关阀作用，仅作为流道流过，此时膨胀开关阀603出口仍为高温高压的气体。膨胀开关阀603出口与室外换热器605相连，室外换热器605与室外空气换热，把热量散发到空气中，室外换热器605出口为中温高压的液体。此时，第六开关阀610关闭，第三膨胀阀609关闭，室外换热器605出口与第一膨胀阀621相连，第一膨胀阀621作为节流元件起到节流作用，其出口为低温低压液体。第一膨胀阀621开度可以根据实际需求给予一定的开度，此开度可以根据安装在第一板式换热器620的出口与气液分离器611的入口之间的压力-温度传感器的压力和温度采集数据计算制冷剂过热度来调节。第一膨胀阀621出口与第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a相连，低温低压液体在第一板式换热器620内与从电池包622出来的热水进行换热，使得第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b为低温低压的气体。第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b与第一单向阀628的入口相连，第一单向阀628的出口与气液分离器611的入口相连，把未蒸发完的液体通过气液分离器611分离，最后低温低压的气体回到压缩机604中，由此形成一个循环。此时HVAC总成600中风的流向仅流经室内蒸发器602，室内冷凝器601无风经过，仅作为制冷剂流道流过。并且，在该模式下，第一水泵624打开，第二水泵641关闭，三通阀644断电。Mode 2: battery cooling cycle mode. When the system is in this mode, the battery pack heat exchange system forms a battery pack cooling circulation system. As shown in FIG. 6 , the compressor 604 discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas after compression, and is connected to the indoor condenser 601 . At this time, the wind is controlled by the damper mechanism not to pass through the indoor condenser 601. Since there is no wind passing through, no heat exchange will be performed in the indoor condenser 601. The indoor condenser 601 is only used as a flow channel. At this time, the indoor condenser The 601 outlet is still high temperature and high pressure gas. The outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is connected to the expansion on-off valve 603. At this time, the expansion on-off valve 603 acts as an on-off valve and only flows through it as a flow channel. At this time, the outlet of the expansion on-off valve 603 is still high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The outlet of the expansion switch valve 603 is connected with the outdoor heat exchanger 605. The outdoor heat exchanger 605 exchanges heat with the outdoor air to dissipate the heat into the air. The outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid. At this time, the sixth switching valve 610 is closed, the third expansion valve 609 is closed, the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is connected to the first expansion valve 621, and the first expansion valve 621 acts as a throttling element, and its outlet is low temperature. low pressure liquid. The opening degree of the first expansion valve 621 can be given a certain opening degree according to actual needs, and the opening degree can be determined according to the pressure of the pressure-temperature sensor installed between the outlet of the first plate heat exchanger 620 and the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611 and temperature collection data to calculate the superheat of the refrigerant to adjust. The outlet of the first expansion valve 621 is connected to the refrigerant inlet 620a of the first plate heat exchanger 620, and the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid exchanges heat with the hot water from the battery pack 622 in the first plate heat exchanger 620, so that the first plate heat exchanger 620 The refrigerant outlet 620b of the heat exchanger 620 is low temperature and low pressure gas. The refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 is connected to the inlet of the first one-way valve 628, and the outlet of the first one-way valve 628 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611, and the unevaporated liquid is passed through the gas-liquid The separator 611 separates, and finally the low-temperature and low-pressure gas returns to the compressor 604, thereby forming a cycle. At this time, the airflow direction of the HVAC assembly 600 only flows through the indoor evaporator 602 , and the indoor condenser 601 flows through only as a refrigerant flow channel without wind. And, in this mode, the first water pump 624 is turned on, the second water pump 641 is turned off, and the three-way valve 644 is powered off.
模式三：热泵高温制冷加电池冷却循环模式。在系统处于该模式下时，整个系统形成一个高温制冷同时电池冷却循环系统。如图6所示，首先，压缩机604经过压缩排出高温高压的气体，与室内冷凝器601相连。此时，通过风门机构控制风不经过室内冷凝器601，由于无风经过，因此，在室内冷凝器601内不会进行热交换，该室内冷凝器601仅作为流道使用，此时室内冷凝器601出口仍为高温高压的气体。室内冷凝器601出口与膨胀开关阀603相连，此时膨胀开关阀603起开关阀作用，仅作为流道流过，此时膨胀开关阀603出口仍为高温高压的气体。膨胀开关阀603出口与室外换热器605相连，室外换热器605与室外空气换热，把热量散发到空气中，室外换热器605出口为中温高压的液体。此时，第六开关阀610关闭，第一膨胀阀621打开，室外换热器605出口分别与第三膨胀阀609和第一膨胀阀621相连。此时，从室外换热器605出来的中温高压的液体分成两股：一股流向第三膨胀阀609的入口，第三膨胀阀609作为节流元件起到节流作用，其出口为低温低压液体。第三膨胀阀609开度可以根据实际需求给予一定的开度，此开度可以根据安装在室内蒸发器602的出口与气液分离器611的入口之间的压力-温度传感器的压力和温度采集数据计算室内蒸发器602出口制冷剂过热度来调节。第三膨胀阀609出口与室内蒸发器602的入口相连，低温低压液体在室内蒸发器602内进行蒸发，使得室内蒸发器602出口为低温低压的气体，室内蒸发器602的出口与第三单向阀615的入口相连。另一股流向第一膨胀阀621的入口，第一膨胀阀621的开度可以根据实际需求给予一定的开度，此开度可以根据第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b与气液分离器611的入口之间的压力-温度传感器的压力和温度采集数据计算制冷剂过热度来调节。第一膨胀阀621作为节流元件起到节流作用，其出口为低温低压液体。第一膨胀阀621出口与第一板式换热器620的制冷剂入口620a相连，低温低压液体在第一板式换热器620内与从电池包622出来的热水进行热交换， 使得第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b为低温低压的气体，第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b与第一单向阀628相连。第三单向阀615的出口和第一单向阀628的出口分别与气液分离器611相连，从第一单向阀628的出口出来的制冷剂与从第一单向阀628的出口出来的制冷剂汇合，把未蒸发完的液体通过气液分离器611分离，最后低温低压的气体回到压缩机604中，由此形成一个循环。此时HVAC总成600中风的流向仅流经室内蒸发器602，室内冷凝器601无风经过，仅作为制冷剂流道流过。并且，在该模式下，第一水泵624打开，第二水泵641关闭，三通阀644断电。Mode 3: heat pump high temperature cooling plus battery cooling cycle mode. When the system is in this mode, the whole system forms a high-temperature refrigeration and battery cooling circulation system. As shown in FIG. 6 , first, the compressor 604 discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas after compression, and is connected to the indoor condenser 601 . At this time, the wind is controlled by the damper mechanism not to pass through the indoor condenser 601. Since there is no wind passing through, no heat exchange will be performed in the indoor condenser 601. The indoor condenser 601 is only used as a flow channel. At this time, the indoor condenser The 601 outlet is still high temperature and high pressure gas. The outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is connected to the expansion on-off valve 603. At this time, the expansion on-off valve 603 acts as an on-off valve and only flows through it as a flow channel. At this time, the outlet of the expansion on-off valve 603 is still high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The outlet of the expansion switch valve 603 is connected with the outdoor heat exchanger 605. The outdoor heat exchanger 605 exchanges heat with the outdoor air to dissipate the heat into the air. The outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid. At this time, the sixth switch valve 610 is closed, the first expansion valve 621 is opened, and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is connected to the third expansion valve 609 and the first expansion valve 621 respectively. At this time, the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid from the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is divided into two streams: one stream flows to the inlet of the third expansion valve 609, and the third expansion valve 609 acts as a throttling element, and its outlet is low temperature and low pressure. liquid. The opening degree of the third expansion valve 609 can be given a certain opening degree according to actual needs, and this opening degree can be collected according to the pressure and temperature of the pressure-temperature sensor installed between the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 and the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 611 The superheat degree of the refrigerant at the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 is calculated from the data to adjust. The outlet of the third expansion valve 609 is connected to the inlet of the indoor evaporator 602, and the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid is evaporated in the indoor evaporator 602, so that the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 is a low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and the outlet of the indoor evaporator 602 is connected to the third one-way The inlets of valve 615 are connected. The other stream flows to the inlet of the first expansion valve 621. The opening degree of the first expansion valve 621 can be given a certain opening degree according to the actual demand, and the opening degree can be determined according to the refrigerant outlet 620b and the gas-liquid The pressure and temperature collected data from the pressure-temperature sensor between the inlets of the separator 611 calculates the degree of superheat of the refrigerant for regulation. The first expansion valve 621 acts as a throttling element, and its outlet is low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. The outlet of the first expansion valve 621 is connected to the refrigerant inlet 620a of the first plate heat exchanger 620, and the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid exchanges heat with the hot water from the battery pack 622 in the first plate heat exchanger 620, so that the first plate heat exchanger The refrigerant outlet 620b of the heat exchanger 620 is low-temperature and low-pressure gas, and the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 is connected to a first one-way valve 628 . The outlet of the third one-way valve 615 and the outlet of the first one-way valve 628 are respectively connected with the gas-liquid separator 611, and the refrigerant coming out from the outlet of the first one-way valve 628 is the same as the refrigerant coming out from the outlet of the first one-way valve 628. The refrigerants are combined, the unevaporated liquid is separated by the gas-liquid separator 611, and finally the low-temperature and low-pressure gas returns to the compressor 604, thus forming a cycle. At this time, the airflow direction of the HVAC assembly 600 only flows through the indoor evaporator 602 , and the indoor condenser 601 flows through only as a refrigerant flow channel without wind. And, in this mode, the first water pump 624 is turned on, the second water pump 641 is turned off, and the three-way valve 644 is powered off.
模式四：热泵低温制热循环模式。在系统处于该模式下时，整个系统形成一个低温采暖循环系统。如图6所示，首先，压缩机604经过压缩排出高温高压的气体，与室内冷凝器601相连，此时，室内冷凝器601有风经过，高温高压的气体在室内冷凝器601内进行冷凝，使得室内冷凝器601出口为中温高压的液体。室内冷凝器601出口与膨胀开关阀603相连，此时膨胀开关阀603起膨胀阀的作用，作为节流元件起到节流作用，其出口为低温低压的液体。其中，膨胀开关阀603的开度可以根据实际需求给予一定的开度，此开度可以根据安装在压缩机604的出口处的压力-温度传感器的温度采集数据(即压缩机排气温度)的多少来调节。膨胀开关阀603出口与室外换热器605的入口相连，室外换热器605吸收室外空气的热量，室外换热器605出口为低温低压的气体。此时，第六开关阀610打开，第三膨胀阀609关闭，第一膨胀阀621关闭，制冷剂不经过室内蒸发器602直接进入气液分离器611中，未蒸发完的液体通过气液分离器611分离，最后低温低压的气体回到压缩机604中，由此形成一个循环。并且，在该模式下，第一水泵624关闭，第二水泵641关闭，三通阀644断电。Mode 4: heat pump low temperature heating cycle mode. When the system is in this mode, the whole system forms a low-temperature heating circulation system. As shown in Figure 6, first, the compressor 604 discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas through compression, and is connected to the indoor condenser 601. At this time, the indoor condenser 601 has wind passing through, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is condensed in the indoor condenser 601. The outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid. The outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is connected to the expansion on-off valve 603. At this time, the expansion on-off valve 603 acts as an expansion valve and acts as a throttling element, and its outlet is low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. Wherein, the opening of the expansion switch valve 603 can be given a certain opening according to actual needs, and this opening can be based on the temperature collection data (ie compressor discharge temperature) of the pressure-temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the compressor 604. how much to adjust. The outlet of the expansion switch valve 603 is connected with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605, the outdoor heat exchanger 605 absorbs the heat of the outdoor air, and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is low-temperature and low-pressure gas. At this time, the sixth switching valve 610 is opened, the third expansion valve 609 is closed, and the first expansion valve 621 is closed. The refrigerant directly enters the gas-liquid separator 611 without passing through the indoor evaporator 602, and the unevaporated liquid is separated by gas-liquid separation. The compressor 611 is separated, and finally the low-temperature and low-pressure gas returns to the compressor 604, thereby forming a cycle. Moreover, in this mode, the first water pump 624 is turned off, the second water pump 641 is turned off, and the three-way valve 644 is powered off.
模式五：电池加热模式。电池包换热系统形成一个电池包冷却循环系统。如图6所示，首先，压缩机604经过压缩排出高温高压的气体，与室内冷凝 器601相连，此时，室内冷凝器601无风经过，因此，在室内冷凝器601内不会进行热交换，该室内冷凝器601仅作为流道使用，此时室内冷凝器601出口仍为高温高压的气体。室内冷凝器601出口与第四开关阀631相连，此时，第四开关阀631打开，第一开关阀630关闭，第四开关阀631的出口为高温高压的气体，第四开关阀631的出口与第一板式换热器620相连，高温高压的气体在第一板式换热器620内与从电池包622出来的冷水进行换热，使得第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b为中温高压的液体。第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b通过第二单向阀632连接到膨胀开关阀603的入口，此时膨胀开关阀603起膨胀阀的作用，作为节流元件起到节流作用，其出口为低温低压的液体。其中，膨胀开关阀603的开度可以根据实际需求给予一定的开度，此开度可以根据安装在压缩机604的出口处的压力-温度传感器的温度采集数据(即压缩机排气温度)的多少来调节。膨胀开关阀603出口与室外换热器605的入口相连，室外换热器605吸收室外空气的热量，室外换热器605出口为低温低压的气体。此时，第六开关阀610打开，第三膨胀阀609关闭，第一膨胀阀621关闭，制冷剂不经过室内蒸发器602直接进入气液分离器611中，未蒸发完的液体通过气液分离器611分离，最后低温低压的气体回到压缩机604中，由此形成一个循环。并且，在该模式下，第一水泵624关闭，第二水泵641关闭，三通阀644断电。Mode five: battery heating mode. The battery pack heat exchange system forms a battery pack cooling circulation system. As shown in Figure 6, first, the compressor 604 discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas through compression, and is connected to the indoor condenser 601. At this time, the indoor condenser 601 has no wind passing through, so there is no heat exchange in the indoor condenser 601 , the indoor condenser 601 is only used as a flow channel, and the outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is still high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is connected to the fourth on-off valve 631. At this time, the fourth on-off valve 631 is opened, the first on-off valve 630 is closed, the outlet of the fourth on-off valve 631 is high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the outlet of the fourth on-off valve 631 Connected to the first plate heat exchanger 620, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas exchanges heat with the cold water from the battery pack 622 in the first plate heat exchanger 620, so that the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 is at a medium temperature liquid under high pressure. The refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 is connected to the inlet of the expansion switch valve 603 through the second one-way valve 632. At this time, the expansion switch valve 603 acts as an expansion valve and acts as a throttling element to throttle, Its outlet is liquid at low temperature and low pressure. Wherein, the opening of the expansion switch valve 603 can be given a certain opening according to actual needs, and this opening can be based on the temperature collection data (ie compressor discharge temperature) of the pressure-temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the compressor 604. how much to adjust. The outlet of the expansion switch valve 603 is connected with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605, the outdoor heat exchanger 605 absorbs the heat of the outdoor air, and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is low-temperature and low-pressure gas. At this time, the sixth switching valve 610 is opened, the third expansion valve 609 is closed, and the first expansion valve 621 is closed. The refrigerant directly enters the gas-liquid separator 611 without passing through the indoor evaporator 602, and the unevaporated liquid is separated by gas-liquid separation. The compressor 611 is separated, and finally the low-temperature and low-pressure gas returns to the compressor 604, thereby forming a cycle. Moreover, in this mode, the first water pump 624 is turned off, the second water pump 641 is turned off, and the three-way valve 644 is powered off.
模式六：热泵低温制热加电池加热循环模式。在系统处于该模式下时，整个系统形成一个低温采暖同时电池加热循环系统。如图6所示，首先，压缩机604经过压缩排出高温高压的气体，与室内冷凝器601相连，此时，室内冷凝器601有风经过，高温高压的气体在室内冷凝器601内进行冷凝，使得室内冷凝器601出口为中温高压的液体。室内冷凝器601出口分别与膨胀开关阀603和第四开关阀631相连，此时，中温高压的液体分成两股：其中一股流向第一开关阀630，另一股通过第四开关阀631流向第一板式换热器 620，此时，中温高压的液体在第一板式换热器620内与从电池包622出来的冷水进行换热，使得第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b为中温高压的液体。第一板式换热器620的制冷剂出口620b通过第二单向阀632连接到第一开关阀630的出口，并与流经第一开关阀630的制冷剂汇合后，流向膨胀开关阀603的入口。此时膨胀开关阀603起膨胀阀的作用，作为节流元件起到节流作用，其出口为低温低压的液体。其中，膨胀开关阀603的开度可以根据实际需求给予一定的开度，此开度可以根据安装在压缩机604的出口处的压力-温度传感器的温度采集数据(即压缩机排气温度)的多少来调节。膨胀开关阀603出口与室外换热器605的入口相连，室外换热器605吸收室外空气的热量，室外换热器605出口为低温低压的气体。此时，第六开关阀610打开，第三膨胀阀609关闭，第一膨胀阀621关闭，制冷剂不经过室内蒸发器602直接进入气液分离器611中，未蒸发完的液体通过气液分离器611分离，最后低温低压的气体回到压缩机604中，由此形成一个循环。并且，在该模式下，第一水泵624关闭，第二水泵641关闭，三通阀644断电。Mode 6: heat pump low temperature heating plus battery heating cycle mode. When the system is in this mode, the whole system forms a low-temperature heating while battery heating cycle system. As shown in Figure 6, first, the compressor 604 discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas through compression, and is connected to the indoor condenser 601. At this time, the indoor condenser 601 has wind passing through, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is condensed in the indoor condenser 601. The outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid. The outlet of the indoor condenser 601 is connected to the expansion on-off valve 603 and the fourth on-off valve 631 respectively. At this time, the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid is divided into two streams: one of which flows to the first on-off valve 630, and the other flows through the fourth on-off valve 631 to The first plate heat exchanger 620, at this time, the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid exchanges heat with the cold water from the battery pack 622 in the first plate heat exchanger 620, so that the refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 is Medium temperature and high pressure liquid. The refrigerant outlet 620b of the first plate heat exchanger 620 is connected to the outlet of the first on-off valve 630 through the second one-way valve 632, and after being merged with the refrigerant flowing through the first on-off valve 630, it flows to the outlet of the expansion on-off valve 603. Entrance. At this time, the expansion on-off valve 603 acts as an expansion valve, and acts as a throttling element, and its outlet is liquid at low temperature and low pressure. Wherein, the opening of the expansion switch valve 603 can be given a certain opening according to actual needs, and this opening can be based on the temperature collection data (ie compressor discharge temperature) of the pressure-temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the compressor 604. how much to adjust. The outlet of the expansion switch valve 603 is connected with the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605, the outdoor heat exchanger 605 absorbs the heat of the outdoor air, and the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 605 is low-temperature and low-pressure gas. At this time, the sixth switching valve 610 is opened, the third expansion valve 609 is closed, and the first expansion valve 621 is closed. The refrigerant directly enters the gas-liquid separator 611 without passing through the indoor evaporator 602, and the unevaporated liquid is separated by gas-liquid separation. The compressor 611 is separated, and finally the low-temperature and low-pressure gas returns to the compressor 604, thereby forming a cycle. Moreover, in this mode, the first water pump 624 is turned off, the second water pump 641 is turned off, and the three-way valve 644 is powered off.
模式七：发动机低温制热循环模式。如图6所示，从发动机642的冷却液出口出来的高温冷却液经过第二水泵641、三通阀644的入口644a-第二出口644c、再经过室内暖风芯体643与空气进行热交换降温为低温的冷却液，再回流到发动机642的冷却液入口中，由此完成一个循环。在该模式下，压缩机604、膨胀开关阀603、第三膨胀阀609、第一膨胀阀621都处于断电状态，第一水泵624关闭，第二水泵641运行，三通阀644的入口644a-第二出口644c通，入口644a-第一出口644b不通。Mode 7: Engine low temperature heating cycle mode. As shown in Figure 6, the high-temperature coolant coming out of the coolant outlet of the engine 642 passes through the second water pump 641, the inlet 644a-the second outlet 644c of the three-way valve 644, and then passes through the indoor heater core 643 to exchange heat with the air. The coolant cooled to a low temperature flows back into the coolant inlet of the engine 642, thus completing a cycle. In this mode, the compressor 604, the expansion switch valve 603, the third expansion valve 609, and the first expansion valve 621 are all in a power-off state, the first water pump 624 is turned off, the second water pump 641 is running, and the inlet 644a of the three-way valve 644 - the second outlet 644c is connected, the inlet 644a - the first outlet 644b is not connected.
模式八：发动机模式电池加热循环模式。如图6所示，从发动机642的冷却液出口出来的高温冷却液经过第二水泵641、三通阀644的入口644a-第一出口644b，流向第一板式换热器620，与电池包622出来的冷水进行热 交换降温为低温的冷却液，再流回到发动机642的冷却液入口中，由此完成发动机模式电池加热一个循环。在该模式下，压缩机604、膨胀开关阀603、第三膨胀阀606、第一膨胀阀621都处于断电状态，第一水泵624运行，第二水泵641运行，三通阀644的入口644a-第一出口644b通，入口644a-第二出口644c不通。Mode Eight: Engine Mode Battery Heating Cycle Mode. As shown in Figure 6, the high-temperature coolant coming out from the coolant outlet of the engine 642 passes through the second water pump 641, the inlet 644a-the first outlet 644b of the three-way valve 644, flows to the first plate heat exchanger 620, and the battery pack 622 The cold water that comes out undergoes heat exchange to reduce the temperature to low-temperature coolant, and then flows back into the coolant inlet of the engine 642, thereby completing a cycle of battery heating in engine mode. In this mode, the compressor 604, the expansion switch valve 603, the third expansion valve 606, and the first expansion valve 621 are all in a power-off state, the first water pump 624 is running, the second water pump 641 is running, and the inlet 644a of the three-way valve 644 - the first outlet 644b is connected, the inlet 644a - the second outlet 644c is not connected.
模式九：发动机模式低温制热加电池加热循环模式。如图6所示，从发动机642的冷却液出口出来的高温冷却液经过第二水泵641、在三通阀644处分流，一路经过三通阀644的入口644a-第一出口644b到第一板式换热器620，与电池包622出来的冷水进行热交换降温为低温的冷却液，另一路经过三通阀644的入口644a-第二出口644c到室内暖风芯体643与空气进行热交换降温为低温的冷却液，从第一板式换热器620的发动机冷却液出口620d和室内暖风芯体643流出的制冷剂再一起流回到发动机642的冷却液入口内，由此完成一个发动机模式低温制热加电池加热循环。在该模式下，压缩机604、第一膨胀开关阀603、第三膨胀阀609、第一膨胀阀621都处于断电状态，第一水泵624运行，第二水泵641运行，三通阀644的入口644a-第一出口644b通，入口644a-第二出口644c通。Mode 9: engine mode low temperature heating plus battery heating cycle mode. As shown in Figure 6, the high-temperature coolant coming out of the coolant outlet of the engine 642 passes through the second water pump 641, diverts at the three-way valve 644, and passes through the inlet 644a-the first outlet 644b of the three-way valve 644 all the way to the first plate type. The heat exchanger 620 exchanges heat with the cold water from the battery pack 622 to cool down to a low-temperature coolant, and the other way passes through the inlet 644a-the second outlet 644c of the three-way valve 644 to the indoor heater core 643 for heat exchange and cooling with the air It is a low-temperature coolant, and the refrigerant flowing out from the engine coolant outlet 620d of the first plate heat exchanger 620 and the indoor heater core 643 flows back into the coolant inlet of the engine 642 together, thereby completing an engine mode Low temperature heating plus battery heating cycle. In this mode, the compressor 604, the first expansion switch valve 603, the third expansion valve 609, and the first expansion valve 621 are all in a power-off state, the first water pump 624 is running, the second water pump 641 is running, and the three-way valve 644 The inlet 644a is connected to the first outlet 644b, and the inlet 644a is connected to the second outlet 644c.
综上，本发明提供的汽车热管理系统，除了可以利用热泵空调系统实现车内夏天制冷及冬天制热的需求，还有电池冷却及电池加热的功能。通过第一板式换热器，既能通过热泵空调系统的制冷剂与电池包冷却液进行热交换，对电池降温，又可通过发动机的冷却液与电池包冷却液进行热交换，对电池加热，利用三种介质之间的热交换，可适应不同车况下对能源的有效利用，使电池始终在合适的温度范围内工作，从而提高电池的充放电效率、续航能力及使用寿命。另外，本发明在不改变制冷剂循环方向的情况下既可实现汽车空调系统的制冷和制热，结构简单，使得整个系统管路布置简单，易于批量生产。To sum up, the automobile thermal management system provided by the present invention, in addition to using the heat pump air-conditioning system to meet the needs of cooling in summer and heating in winter, also has the functions of battery cooling and battery heating. Through the first plate heat exchanger, the refrigerant of the heat pump air-conditioning system can exchange heat with the battery pack coolant to cool down the battery, and the engine coolant and battery pack coolant can exchange heat to heat the battery. Using the heat exchange between the three media, it can adapt to the effective use of energy under different vehicle conditions, so that the battery can always work in a suitable temperature range, thereby improving the charging and discharging efficiency, battery life and service life of the battery. In addition, the present invention can realize the cooling and heating of the automobile air-conditioning system without changing the circulation direction of the refrigerant, and has a simple structure, which makes the pipeline layout of the whole system simple and easy for mass production.
如上所述，在本发明中，膨胀开关阀是同时具有膨胀阀功能和开关阀功能的阀门，可以将其视为是开关阀与膨胀阀的集成。在下文中将提供一种膨胀开关阀的示例实施方式。As mentioned above, in the present invention, the expansion on-off valve is a valve that has both the functions of an expansion valve and an on-off valve, and it can be regarded as an integration of an on-off valve and an expansion valve. Hereinafter, an example embodiment of an expansion switch valve will be provided.
如图8所示，上文提及的膨胀开关阀可以包括阀体500，其中，该阀体500上形成有进口501、出口502以及连通在进口501和出口502之间的内部流道，内部流道上安装有第一阀芯503和第二阀芯504，第一阀芯503使得进口501和出口502直接连通或断开连通，第二阀芯504使得进口501和出口502通过节流口505连通或断开连通。As shown in Fig. 8, the above-mentioned expansion switching valve may include a valve body 500, wherein an inlet 501, an outlet 502, and an internal flow channel communicating between the inlet 501 and the outlet 502 are formed on the valve body 500, and the inside A first spool 503 and a second spool 504 are installed on the flow channel, the first spool 503 makes the inlet 501 and the outlet 502 directly connected or disconnected, and the second spool 504 makes the inlet 501 and the outlet 502 pass through the throttle port 505 Connect or disconnect.
其中，第一阀芯所实现的“直接连通”是指从阀体500的进口501进入的冷却剂可以越过第一阀芯而通过内部流道不受影响地直接流到阀体500的出口502，第一阀芯所实现的“断开连通”是指从阀体500的进口501进入的冷却剂无法越过第一阀芯而不能通过内部流道流向阀体500的出口502。第二阀芯所实现的“通过节流口连通”是指从阀体500的进口501进入的冷却剂可以越过第二阀芯而通过节流口的节流后流到阀体500的出口502，而第二阀芯所实现的“断开连通”是指从阀体500的进口501进入的冷却剂无法越过第二阀芯而不能通过节流口505流到阀体500的出口502。Among them, the "direct communication" realized by the first valve core means that the coolant entering from the inlet 501 of the valve body 500 can pass through the first valve core and flow directly to the outlet 502 of the valve body 500 through the internal flow channel without being affected. The “disconnection” realized by the first valve core means that the coolant entering from the inlet 501 of the valve body 500 cannot pass through the first valve core and cannot flow to the outlet 502 of the valve body 500 through the internal flow channel. The "communication through the orifice" realized by the second spool means that the coolant entering from the inlet 501 of the valve body 500 can pass through the second spool and flow to the outlet 502 of the valve body 500 after being throttled by the orifice. , and the “disconnection” achieved by the second valve core means that the coolant entering from the inlet 501 of the valve body 500 cannot pass through the second valve core and cannot flow to the outlet 502 of the valve body 500 through the throttle port 505 .
这样，通过对第一阀芯和第二阀芯的控制，本发明的膨胀开关阀可以使得从进口501进入的冷却剂至少实现三种状态。即，1)截止状态；2)越过第一阀芯503的直接连通状态；以及3)越过第二阀芯504的节流连通方式。In this way, through the control of the first spool and the second spool, the expansion switching valve of the present invention can make the coolant entering from the inlet 501 realize at least three states. That is, 1) cut-off state; 2) direct communication state passing over the first spool 503 ; and 3) throttling communication state passing over the second spool 504 .
其中，高温高压的液态制冷剂再经过节流口505节流后，可以成为低温低压的雾状的液压制冷剂，可以为制冷剂的蒸发创造条件，即节流口505的横截面积小于出口504的横截面积，并且通过控制第二阀芯，节流口505的开度大小可以调节，以控制流经节流口505的流量，防止因制冷剂过少产生的制冷不足，以及防止因制冷剂过多而使得压缩机产生液击现象。即，第二阀芯504和阀体500的配合可以使得膨胀开关阀具有膨胀阀的功能。Among them, the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant can become a low-temperature and low-pressure mist hydraulic refrigerant after being throttled by the orifice 505, which can create conditions for the evaporation of the refrigerant, that is, the cross-sectional area of the orifice 505 is smaller than that of the outlet 504 cross-sectional area, and by controlling the second spool, the opening of the orifice 505 can be adjusted to control the flow through the orifice 505, to prevent insufficient cooling caused by too little refrigerant, and to prevent Too much refrigerant causes liquid shock in the compressor. That is, the cooperation between the second valve core 504 and the valve body 500 can make the expansion switch valve have the function of an expansion valve.
这样，通过在同一阀体500的内部流道上安装第一阀芯503和第二阀芯 504，以实现进口501和出口502的通断控制和/或节流控制功能，结构简单，易于生产和安装，且当本发明提供的膨胀开关阀应用于热泵系统时，可以减少整个热泵系统的制冷剂充注量，降低成本，简化管路连接，更利于热泵系统的回油。In this way, by installing the first spool 503 and the second spool 504 on the internal flow channel of the same valve body 500, the on-off control and/or throttling control functions of the inlet 501 and the outlet 502 are realized, and the structure is simple, easy to produce and installation, and when the expansion switching valve provided by the present invention is applied to a heat pump system, it can reduce the refrigerant charging amount of the entire heat pump system, reduce costs, simplify pipeline connections, and be more conducive to oil return of the heat pump system.
作为阀体500的一种示例性的内部安装结构，如图8至图13所示，阀体500包括形成内部流道的阀座510和安装在该阀座510上的第一阀壳511和第二阀壳512，第一阀壳511内安装有用于驱动第一阀芯503的第一电磁驱动部521，第二阀壳512内安装有用于驱动第二阀芯504的第二电磁驱动部522，第一阀芯503从第一阀壳511延伸至阀座510内的内部流道，第二阀芯504从第二阀壳512延伸至阀座510内的内部流道。As an exemplary internal installation structure of the valve body 500, as shown in FIGS. The second valve casing 512, the first electromagnetic driving part 521 for driving the first valve core 503 is installed in the first valve casing 511, and the second electromagnetic driving part for driving the second valve core 504 is installed in the second valve casing 512 522 , the first valve core 503 extends from the first valve housing 511 to the internal flow passage in the valve seat 510 , and the second valve core 504 extends from the second valve housing 512 to the internal flow passage in the valve seat 510 .
其中，通过对第一电磁驱动部521，如，电磁线圈，的通断电的控制能够方便地控制第一阀芯503的位置，进而控制进口501和出口502直接连通或断开连通；通过对第二电磁驱动部522，如，电磁线圈，的通断电的控制能够方便地控制第二阀芯504的位置，从而控制进口501和出口502是否与节流口505连通。换言之，阀体500内并联安装有共有进口501和出口502的电子膨胀阀和电磁阀，因而能够实现膨胀开关阀的通断和/或节流的自动化控制，且简化管路走向。Wherein, the position of the first spool 503 can be conveniently controlled by controlling the power on and off of the first electromagnetic drive part 521, such as an electromagnetic coil, and then control the direct connection or disconnection of the inlet 501 and the outlet 502; The second electromagnetic driving part 522 , such as an electromagnetic coil, can be controlled on and off to conveniently control the position of the second spool 504 , thereby controlling whether the inlet 501 and the outlet 502 communicate with the orifice 505 . In other words, an electronic expansion valve and a solenoid valve sharing an inlet 501 and an outlet 502 are installed in parallel in the valve body 500 , so automatic control of on-off and/or throttling of the expansion switching valve can be realized, and pipeline routing can be simplified.
为充分利用膨胀开关阀的各个方向的空间位置，避免膨胀开关阀和不同管路连接产生干涉，阀座510形成为多面体结构，第一阀壳511、第二阀壳512、进口501和出口502分别设置在该多面体结构的不同表面上，其中，第一阀壳511和第二阀壳512的安装方向相互垂直，进口501和出口502的开口方向相互垂直。这样，可以将进口、出口管路连接在多面体结构的不同表面上，能够避免管路布置凌乱、纠缠的问题。In order to make full use of the spatial position of the expansion switch valve in all directions and avoid interference between the expansion switch valve and different pipeline connections, the valve seat 510 is formed into a polyhedral structure, the first valve housing 511, the second valve housing 512, the inlet 501 and the outlet 502 They are respectively arranged on different surfaces of the polyhedron structure, wherein the installation directions of the first valve casing 511 and the second valve casing 512 are perpendicular to each other, and the opening directions of the inlet 501 and the outlet 502 are perpendicular to each other. In this way, the inlet and outlet pipelines can be connected on different surfaces of the polyhedron structure, and the problem of messy and entangled pipeline arrangement can be avoided.
作为膨胀开关阀的一种典型的内部结构，如图8至图11所示，内部流道包括分别与进口501连通的第一流道506和第二流道507，第一流道506上形成有与第一阀芯503配合的第一阀口516，节流口505形成在第二流道 507上以形成为与第二阀芯504配合的第二阀口517，第一流道506和第二流道507交汇于第二阀口517的下游并与出口502连通。As a typical internal structure of the expansion switch valve, as shown in Figures 8 to 11, the internal flow channel includes a first flow channel 506 and a second flow channel 507 respectively communicating with the inlet 501, and the first flow channel 506 is formed with a The first valve port 516 matched with the first valve core 503, the throttle port 505 is formed on the second flow channel 507 to form the second valve port 517 matched with the second valve core 504, the first flow channel 506 and the second flow channel Channel 507 joins downstream of second valve port 517 and communicates with outlet 502 .
即，通过变换第一阀芯503的位置来实现对第一阀口516的关闭或打开，进而控制连通进口501和出口502的第一流道506的截断或导通，从而可以实现上文描述的电磁阀的连通或断开连通的功能。同样地，通过变换第二阀芯504的位置来实现对第二阀口517的截断或导通，从而可以实现电子膨胀阀的节流功能。That is, by changing the position of the first spool 503 to close or open the first valve port 516, and then control the blocking or conducting of the first flow passage 506 connecting the inlet 501 and the outlet 502, so that the above-described The connection or disconnection function of the solenoid valve. Likewise, by changing the position of the second valve core 504, the second valve port 517 can be cut off or connected, so that the throttling function of the electronic expansion valve can be realized.
第一流道506和第二流道507可以以任意合适的布置方式分别连通进口501和出口502，为减少阀体500的整体占用空间，如图12所示，第二流道507与出口502同向开设，第一流道506形成为与第二流道507相互垂直的第一通孔526，进口501通过开设在第二流道507侧壁上的第二通孔527与第二流道507连通，第一通孔526和第二通孔527与进口501分别连通。其中，第一通孔526可以与第二通孔527在空间垂直设置或者平行设置，本发明对此不作限制，均属于本发明的保护范围之中。The first flow channel 506 and the second flow channel 507 can communicate with the inlet 501 and the outlet 502 respectively in any suitable arrangement. In order to reduce the overall occupied space of the valve body 500, as shown in FIG. To open, the first flow channel 506 is formed as a first through hole 526 perpendicular to the second flow channel 507, and the inlet 501 communicates with the second flow channel 507 through the second through hole 527 provided on the side wall of the second flow channel 507 , the first through hole 526 and the second through hole 527 communicate with the inlet 501 respectively. Wherein, the first through hole 526 and the second through hole 527 may be vertically or parallelly arranged in space, which is not limited in the present invention, and both belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
为进一步简化阀体500的整体占用空间，如图15至图16所示，进口501与出口502相互垂直地开设在阀体500上。这样，如图15至图17所示，进口501的轴线、出口502的轴线(即第二流道507的轴线)，和第一流道506的轴线在空间两两垂直地布置，从而防止第一阀芯503和第二阀芯504的移动产生干涉，且能够最大化地利用阀体500的内部空间。In order to further simplify the overall occupied space of the valve body 500 , as shown in FIGS. 15 to 16 , the inlet 501 and the outlet 502 are arranged on the valve body 500 perpendicular to each other. In this way, as shown in Figures 15 to 17, the axis of the inlet 501, the axis of the outlet 502 (that is, the axis of the second flow channel 507), and the axis of the first flow channel 506 are vertically arranged two by two in space, thereby preventing the first The movement of the valve core 503 and the second valve core 504 interferes, and the internal space of the valve body 500 can be utilized to the maximum extent.
如图11和图12所示，为便于实现第一阀口516的关闭和打开，第一阀芯503沿移动方向与第一阀口516同轴布设以可选择地封堵或脱离第一阀口516。As shown in Figures 11 and 12, in order to facilitate the closing and opening of the first valve port 516, the first valve core 503 is arranged coaxially with the first valve port 516 along the moving direction to selectively block or break away from the first valve port. Mouth 516.
为便于实现第二阀口517的关闭和打开，第二阀芯504沿移动方向与第二阀口517同轴布设以可选择地封堵或脱离第二阀口517。In order to realize the closing and opening of the second valve port 517 , the second valve core 504 is arranged coaxially with the second valve port 517 along the moving direction so as to selectively block or disengage the second valve port 517 .
其中，如图14所示，为保证第一阀芯503对第一流道506堵塞的可靠性，第一阀芯503可以包括第一阀杆513和连接在该第一阀杆513端部的第 一堵头523，该第一堵头523用于密封压靠在第一阀口516的端面上以封堵第一流道506。Wherein, as shown in FIG. 14 , in order to ensure the reliability of the first valve core 503 blocking the first flow channel 506 , the first valve core 503 may include a first valve stem 513 and a first valve stem 513 connected to the end of the first valve stem 513 . A plug 523 , the first plug 523 is used to seal and press against the end face of the first valve port 516 to block the first flow channel 506 .
为便于调节膨胀开关阀的节流口505的开度大小，如图11和图12所示，第二阀芯504包括第二阀杆514，该第二阀杆514的端部形成为锥形头结构，第二阀口517形成为与该锥形头结构相配合的锥形孔结构。In order to facilitate the adjustment of the opening of the throttle port 505 of the expansion switch valve, as shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12, the second valve core 504 includes a second valve stem 514, and the end of the second valve stem 514 is formed into a tapered shape The head structure, the second valve port 517 is formed as a tapered hole structure matched with the tapered head structure.
其中，膨胀开关阀的节流口505开度可以通过第二阀芯504的上下移动来调节，而第二阀芯504的上下移动可以通过第二电磁驱动部522来调节。若膨胀开关阀的节流口505的开度为零，如图11所示，第二阀芯504处于最低位置，第二阀芯504封堵第二阀口517，制冷剂完全不能通过节流口505，即第二阀口517；若膨胀开关阀节流口505具有开度，如图12所示，第二阀芯504的端部的锥形头结构与节流口505之间具有空隙，制冷剂节流后再流至出口502。若需要增加膨胀开关阀的节流开度时，可以通过控制第二电磁驱动部522，使得第二阀芯504向上移动，以使得锥形头结构远离节流口505，从而实现节流口505开度的变大；相反，当需要减少膨胀开关阀的节流口505的开度时，可以驱使第二阀芯504相下移动即可。Wherein, the opening degree of the throttle port 505 of the expansion switch valve can be adjusted by moving the second valve core 504 up and down, and the vertical movement of the second valve core 504 can be adjusted by the second electromagnetic driving part 522 . If the opening of the throttling port 505 of the expansion switch valve is zero, as shown in Figure 11, the second valve core 504 is at the lowest position, and the second valve core 504 blocks the second valve port 517, and the refrigerant cannot pass throttling at all. Port 505, that is, the second valve port 517; if the throttle port 505 of the expansion switch valve has an opening, as shown in Figure 12, there is a gap between the conical head structure at the end of the second valve core 504 and the throttle port 505 , the refrigerant flows to the outlet 502 after throttling. If it is necessary to increase the throttling opening of the expansion switch valve, the second valve core 504 can be moved upward by controlling the second electromagnetic drive part 522, so that the conical head structure is far away from the throttling port 505, thereby realizing the throttling port 505 On the contrary, when it is necessary to reduce the opening of the throttle port 505 of the expansion switch valve, the second valve core 504 can be driven to move downward.
使用时，当只需要使用膨胀开关阀的电磁阀功能时，如图11、图14和图17所示，第一阀芯503脱离第一阀口516，第一阀口516处于打开状态，第二阀芯504处于最低位置，第二阀芯504将节流孔505封堵上，从进口501流入至内部流道的制冷剂完全不能通过节流孔505，只能依次通过第一阀口516、第一通孔526流入至出口502中。当电磁阀断电，第一阀芯503向左移动，第一堵头523和第一阀口516分离，制冷剂可以从第一通孔526中通过；当电磁阀通电，第一阀芯503向右移动，第一堵头523和第一阀口516贴合，制冷剂无法从第一通孔526中通过。In use, when only the electromagnetic valve function of the expansion switching valve is required, as shown in Figure 11, Figure 14 and Figure 17, the first valve core 503 is separated from the first valve port 516, the first valve port 516 is in an open state, and the second valve core 503 is in an open state. The second spool 504 is at the lowest position, and the second spool 504 seals the orifice 505. The refrigerant flowing from the inlet 501 to the internal flow channel cannot pass through the orifice 505 at all, and can only pass through the first valve port 516 in turn. , the first through hole 526 flows into the outlet 502 . When the solenoid valve is powered off, the first valve core 503 moves to the left, the first plug 523 is separated from the first valve port 516, and the refrigerant can pass through the first through hole 526; when the solenoid valve is powered on, the first valve core 503 Moving to the right, the first plug 523 is attached to the first valve port 516 , and the refrigerant cannot pass through the first through hole 526 .
需要说明的是，图11和图13中的带箭头的虚线代表制冷剂在使用电磁阀功能时的流通路线以及走向。It should be noted that the dotted lines with arrows in FIG. 11 and FIG. 13 represent the circulation route and direction of the refrigerant when using the solenoid valve function.
当只需要使用膨胀开关阀的电子膨胀阀功能时，如图12和图18所示， 第二阀口517，即节流口505处于打开状态，第一阀芯503封堵第一阀口516，从进口501流入至内部流道的制冷剂无法通过第一通孔526，只能依次通过第二通孔527、节流口505流入至出口502中，并且可以上下移动第二阀芯504来调节节流口505的开度的大小。When only the electronic expansion valve function of the expansion switching valve needs to be used, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 18, the second valve port 517, that is, the throttle port 505 is in an open state, and the first valve core 503 blocks the first valve port 516 , the refrigerant flowing from the inlet 501 to the inner channel cannot pass through the first through hole 526, but can only flow into the outlet 502 through the second through hole 527 and the throttle port 505 in sequence, and the second valve core 504 can be moved up and down to Adjust the size of the opening of the orifice 505 .
需要说明的是，图12和图18中的带箭头的虚线代表制冷剂在使用电子膨胀阀功能时的流通路线以及走向。It should be noted that the dotted lines with arrows in FIG. 12 and FIG. 18 represent the circulation route and direction of the refrigerant when the function of the electronic expansion valve is used.
当需要同时使用膨胀开关阀的电磁阀功能和电子膨胀阀功能时，如图9、图15和图16所示，其中，带箭头的虚线代表制冷剂的流动路线以及走向，第一阀芯503脱离第一阀口516，第一阀口516处于打开状态，节流口505处于打开状态，流入至内部流道的制冷剂可以分别沿第一流道506和第二流道507流向出口502，从而同时具有电磁阀功能和电子膨胀阀功能。When the electromagnetic valve function and the electronic expansion valve function of the expansion switching valve need to be used at the same time, as shown in Figure 9, Figure 15 and Figure 16, the dotted line with arrows represents the flow route and direction of the refrigerant, and the first valve core 503 Separated from the first valve port 516, the first valve port 516 is in the open state, the throttle port 505 is in the open state, and the refrigerant flowing into the internal flow channel can flow to the outlet 502 along the first flow channel 506 and the second flow channel 507 respectively, thereby At the same time, it has the function of solenoid valve and electronic expansion valve.
应当理解的是，上述实施方式仅仅作为膨胀开关阀的其中一种示例，并且并不用于限制本发明，其他同时具有膨胀阀功能和开关阀功能的膨胀开关阀同样适用于本发明。It should be understood that the above implementation is only one example of the expansion switch valve, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and other expansion switch valves that have the function of both an expansion valve and a switch valve are also applicable to the present invention.
本发明还提供一种电动汽车，包括根据本发明提供的上述热泵空调系统。其中，该电动汽车可以包括纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料电池汽车。The present invention also provides an electric vehicle, including the above-mentioned heat pump air-conditioning system provided according to the present invention. Wherein, the electric vehicle may include a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, and a fuel cell vehicle.
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiment, within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, These simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。In addition, it should be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific implementation manners may be combined in any suitable manner if there is no contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not further described in the present invention.
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。In addition, various combinations of different embodiments of the present invention can also be combined arbitrarily, as long as they do not violate the idea of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the disclosed content of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610309721.XACN107351634B (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2016-05-10 | Automotive Thermal Management Systems and Electric Vehicles |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610309721.XACN107351634B (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2016-05-10 | Automotive Thermal Management Systems and Electric Vehicles |
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| CN107351634Atrue CN107351634A (en) | 2017-11-17 |
| CN107351634B CN107351634B (en) | 2019-11-22 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201610309721.XAActiveCN107351634B (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2016-05-10 | Automotive Thermal Management Systems and Electric Vehicles |
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