技术领域technical field
本发明属风力测量技术领域，具体涉及一种自供电风向仪。The invention belongs to the technical field of wind force measurement, and in particular relates to a self-powered anemometer.
背景技术Background technique
风向风速测量技术在气象、民航、公路与桥梁及采矿等行业都有广泛的应用需求。目前，用于风向风速测量的新型传感器、数据采集与处理技术等都取得了长足的发展，其中便携式数字式风速测量仪在工业生产中已获得广泛的实际应用。然而，野外自然环境中风向风速测量方面还有一些急需解决的关键问题，如数据采集、处理及持续远程传输的能量供应问题，测量系统的低风速启动问题，等等。Wind direction and wind speed measurement technology has a wide range of application requirements in meteorology, civil aviation, highways and bridges, and mining industries. At present, new sensors, data acquisition and processing technologies for wind direction and speed measurement have made great progress, among which portable digital wind speed measuring instruments have been widely used in industrial production. However, there are still some key problems that need to be solved urgently in the field of wind direction and wind speed measurement, such as data acquisition, processing and energy supply for continuous remote transmission, low wind speed start-up of the measurement system, and so on.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提出一种自供电风向仪，本发明采用的实施方案是：摆盘的盘体上方设有半轴并经螺钉安装有传感器，盘体下方的中心处设有带螺纹孔的凸台、外缘处设有环台，摆盘的盘体下方经螺钉安装有电路板，电路板上设有能量转换电路、运算处理电路与信息发射系统；传感器均布在以半轴中心为圆心的圆周上，传感器由等厚的镍基板与压电膜粘接而成，压电膜的直径与镍基板可变形部分的直径之比为0.8，压电膜朝下安装；帆架由相互垂直的套筒和底盘构成，套筒套在半轴上并可绕半轴转动，套筒上安装有帆布；帆架的底盘经一组滚珠压在摆盘的盘体上，滚珠置于底盘的沉孔内并可转动；帆架的底盘下方镶嵌有两个磁铁，磁铁中心与传感器中心位于同一圆周上，磁铁对称安装在半轴两侧。The present invention proposes a self-powered wind direction instrument, and the embodiment adopted in the present invention is: a semi-axis is arranged above the plate body of the wobble plate and a sensor is installed through a screw, and a boss with a threaded hole is provided at the center of the plate body below, There is a ring platform on the outer edge, and a circuit board is installed under the plate body through screws. The circuit board is equipped with an energy conversion circuit, an operation processing circuit and an information transmission system; the sensors are evenly distributed on the circle with the center of the semi-axis as the center. On the surface, the sensor is made of a nickel substrate of equal thickness and a piezoelectric film. The ratio of the diameter of the piezoelectric film to the diameter of the deformable part of the nickel substrate is 0.8, and the piezoelectric film is installed downward; The sleeve is set on the half shaft and can rotate around the half shaft, and the canvas is installed on the sleeve; the chassis of the sail frame is pressed on the disk body of the swing plate through a group of balls, and the balls are placed in the sink hole of the chassis. There are two magnets inlaid under the chassis of the sail stand, the center of the magnet and the center of the sensor are located on the same circle, and the magnets are symmetrically installed on both sides of the half shaft.
外壳体经螺钉安装在底座上，激励器的连接板经螺钉安装在底座凸台上，激励器的连接板上设有摆杆，摆杆上端设有激励盘，激励盘上方设有螺柱，螺柱与摆盘的凸台经螺纹相连接，外壳体上端置于摆盘的环台内；底座凸台的侧壁上经压板和螺钉均布地安装有发电单元，发电单元由片簧及其两侧对称配置的压电振子构成，片簧及压电振子的一端经压板压接在底座凸台的侧壁上，片簧的自由端与激励盘外缘接触但无相互作用力；压电振子由基板和压电片粘接而成，基板自由端设有翻边，基板靠近片簧安装且基板自由端的翻边顶靠在片簧上。The outer casing is installed on the base via screws, and the connecting plate of the exciter is installed on the boss of the base via screws. The connecting plate of the exciter is provided with a swing rod, the upper end of the swing rod is provided with an excitation plate, and the top of the excitation plate is provided with a stud. The stud is connected with the boss of the wobble plate through threads, and the upper end of the outer shell is placed in the ring platform of the wobble plate; the side wall of the boss of the base is evenly distributed with a power generation unit through a pressure plate and screws, and the power generation unit is composed of a leaf spring and its The piezoelectric vibrator is symmetrically arranged on both sides. One end of the leaf spring and the piezoelectric vibrator is crimped on the side wall of the base boss through the pressure plate. The free end of the leaf spring is in contact with the outer edge of the excitation plate but has no interaction force; The vibrator is formed by bonding the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet, the free end of the substrate is provided with a flange, the substrate is installed close to the leaf spring, and the flange at the free end of the substrate leans against the leaf spring.
本发明中，压电振子安装前为平直结构、安装后为弯曲结构，非工作时压电片上所承受的最大压应力为其许用值的一半，压电振子上两层结构端部的变形量为其许用值的一半，即其中：B＝1-α+αβ，A＝α4(1-β)2-4α3(1-β)+6α2(1-β)-4α(1-β)+1，α＝hm/H，β＝Em/Ep，hm和H分别为基板的厚度和压电振子总厚度，Em和Ep分别为基板和压电片的杨氏模量，k31和分别为压电陶瓷材料的机电耦合系数和许用压应力，L为压电振子两层结构部分的悬臂长度。In the present invention, the piezoelectric vibrator has a straight structure before installation and a curved structure after installation. The maximum compressive stress on the piezoelectric sheet is half of its allowable value when it is not working. The two-layer structure ends of the piezoelectric vibrator The amount of deformation is half of its allowable value, that is, Among them: B=1-α+αβ, A=α4 (1-β)2 -4α3 (1-β)+6α2 (1-β)-4α(1-β)+1, α=hm /H, β=Em /Ep , hm and H are the thickness of the substrate and the total thickness of the piezoelectric vibrator, respectively, Em and Ep are the Young's modulus of the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet, k31 and are the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the allowable compressive stress of the piezoelectric ceramic material, respectively, and L is the cantilever length of the two-layer structure of the piezoelectric vibrator.
环境中有风吹过时，帆布与风的耦合作用将迫使帆架、摆盘及激励器摆动，再经激励盘及片簧的相互作用使压电振子的状态发生变化：片簧弯曲变形时，片簧一侧压电振子变形量增加、另一侧压电振子变形量减小，当激励器的摆杆变形过大并使摆盘的环台与外壳体相接触时，变形量逐渐增加的压电振子变形量小于其许用值；压电振子变形量交替增加与减小的过程中压电片的应力交替地增加和减小，从而将机械能转换成电能，此为压电发电过程；所生成的电能经导线传输到电路板上，经转换处理后用于风向信号的处理计算与发射。When there is wind blowing in the environment, the coupling effect between the canvas and the wind will force the sail stand, the pendulum plate and the exciter to swing, and then the state of the piezoelectric vibrator will change through the interaction between the excitation plate and the leaf spring: when the leaf spring bends and deforms, The deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator on one side of the leaf spring increases, and the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator on the other side decreases. When the swing rod of the actuator deforms too much and makes the ring platform of the swing plate contact the outer shell, the deformation gradually increases. The deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator is less than its allowable value; the stress of the piezoelectric sheet increases and decreases alternately during the process of the alternating increase and decrease of the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is the process of piezoelectric power generation; The generated electrical energy is transmitted to the circuit board through wires, and after conversion, it is used for the processing, calculation and emission of wind direction signals.
环境中的风向发生变化时，帆布将带动帆架及磁铁绕摆盘的半轴转动，从而改变各传感器与磁铁的相对位置、使各传感器上镍基板的变形量及压电膜上的电压值发生变化，与磁铁距离近的传感器的电压高、远的传感器的电压弱或无电压，故本发明根据各传感器电压信号的强弱及有无确定风向，所获得的风向变化信息经电路板上的信息发射系统发射出去。When the wind direction in the environment changes, the canvas will drive the sail stand and the magnet to rotate around the semi-axis of the swing plate, thereby changing the relative position of each sensor and the magnet, making the deformation of the nickel substrate on each sensor and the voltage value on the piezoelectric film Changes occur, the voltage of the sensor close to the magnet is high, and the voltage of the far sensor is weak or no voltage, so the present invention determines the wind direction according to the strength and presence or absence of the voltage signal of each sensor, and the obtained wind direction change information is passed through the circuit board. The information transmission system sends out.
优势与特色：结构简单、启动风速低，所需能量自给、无需化学电池和铺设电缆；压电振子自身无附加质量、基频高，可确保工作在一阶模态下，发电效果好；系统基频易通过片簧刚度加以调整；工作中压电振子仅承受单向激励、产生单向弯曲变形、压电片仅承受压应力且激励距离可控，故可靠性高。Advantages and features: simple structure, low start-up wind speed, self-sufficiency in required energy, no need for chemical batteries and laying cables; the piezoelectric vibrator itself has no additional mass and high fundamental frequency, which can ensure that it works in the first-order mode and has a good power generation effect; the system The fundamental frequency is easy to adjust through the stiffness of the leaf spring; the piezoelectric vibrator only bears one-way excitation during work, resulting in one-way bending deformation, and the piezoelectric sheet only bears compressive stress and the excitation distance is controllable, so the reliability is high.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一个较佳实施例中风向仪的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of anemometer in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明一个较佳实施例中帆架的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the sail rack in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图3是图2的俯视图；Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2;
图4是图1的A-A剖视图；Fig. 4 is A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;
图5是图1的I部视图；Fig. 5 is the I part view of Fig. 1;
图6是本发明一个较佳实施例中激励器的结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an exciter in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
摆盘a的盘体a1上方设有半轴a2、经螺钉安装有传感器b，盘体a1下方的中心处设有带螺纹孔的凸台a3、外缘处设有环台a4，盘体a1下方经螺钉安装有电路板y，电路板y上设有能量转换电路、运算处理电路与信息发射系统；传感器b均布在以半轴a2中心为圆心的圆周上，传感器b由等厚的镍基板b1与压电膜b2粘接而成，压电膜b2的直径与镍基板b1可变形部分的直径之比为0.8，压电膜b2朝下安装；帆架c由相互垂直的套筒c1和底盘c2构成，套筒c1套在半轴a2上并可绕半轴a2转动，套筒c1上安装有帆布d；帆架c的底盘c2经一组滚珠e压在摆盘a的盘体a1上，滚珠e置于底盘c2的沉孔内并可转动；帆架c的底盘c2下方镶嵌有两个磁铁f，磁铁f的中心与传感器b的中心位于同一圆周上，磁铁f对称安装在半轴a2的两侧。The top of the plate a1 of the wobble plate a is provided with a semi-axis a2, and a sensor b is installed through a screw. The center of the bottom of the plate a1 is provided with a boss a3 with a threaded hole, and the outer edge is provided with a ring platform a4. The plate a1 The circuit board y is installed on the bottom via screws, and the circuit board y is equipped with an energy conversion circuit, an operation processing circuit and an information transmission system; the sensor b is evenly distributed on the circle centered on the center of the semi-axis a2, and the sensor b is made of nickel with equal thickness The substrate b1 is bonded with the piezoelectric film b2, the ratio of the diameter of the piezoelectric film b2 to the diameter of the deformable part of the nickel substrate b1 is 0.8, and the piezoelectric film b2 is installed facing downwards; the sail frame c is composed of mutually perpendicular sleeves c1 It is composed of the chassis c2, the sleeve c1 is set on the semi-axis a2 and can rotate around the semi-axis a2, and the canvas d is installed on the sleeve c1; the chassis c2 of the sail frame c is pressed on the disk body of the swing plate a through a group of balls e On a1, the ball e is placed in the counterbore of the chassis c2 and can rotate; two magnets f are inlaid under the chassis c2 of the sail frame c, the center of the magnet f and the center of the sensor b are located on the same circle, and the magnet f is symmetrically installed on Both sides of semi-axis a2.
外壳体h经螺钉安装在底座g上，激励器i的连接板i1经螺钉安装在底座凸台g1上，激励器i的连接板i1上设有摆杆i2，摆杆i2上端设有激励盘i3，激励盘i3上方设有螺柱i4，螺柱i4与摆盘a的凸台a3经螺纹相连接，外壳体h的上端置于摆盘a的环台a4内；底座凸台g1的侧壁上经压板j和螺钉均布地安装有发电单元E，发电单元E由片簧m及其两侧对称配置的压电振子k构成，片簧m及压电振子k的一端经压板j压接在底座凸台g1的侧壁上，片簧m的自由端与激励盘i3的外缘接触但无相互作用力；压电振子k由基板k1和压电片k2粘接而成，基板k1自由端设有翻边k3，基板k1靠近片簧m安装且基板k1自由端的翻边k3顶靠在片簧m上。The outer casing h is installed on the base g through screws, the connecting plate i1 of the exciter i is installed on the boss g1 of the base through screws, the connecting plate i1 of the exciter i is provided with a swing rod i2, and the upper end of the swing rod i2 is provided with an excitation plate i3, there is a stud i4 above the excitation plate i3, the stud i4 is connected with the boss a3 of the swing plate a through threads, the upper end of the outer shell h is placed in the ring platform a4 of the swing plate a; the side of the base boss g1 The power generation unit E is evenly installed on the wall through the pressure plate j and screws. The power generation unit E is composed of a leaf spring m and piezoelectric vibrators k symmetrically arranged on both sides. One end of the leaf spring m and piezoelectric vibrator k is crimped through the pressure plate j On the side wall of the base boss g1, the free end of the leaf spring m is in contact with the outer edge of the excitation disk i3 but has no interaction force; the piezoelectric vibrator k is formed by bonding the substrate k1 and the piezoelectric sheet k2, and the substrate k1 is free There is a flange k3 at the end, the substrate k1 is installed close to the leaf spring m and the flange k3 at the free end of the substrate k1 leans against the leaf spring m.
本发明中，压电振子k安装前为平直结构、安装后为弯曲结构，非工作时压电片k2上所承受的最大的压应力为其许用值的一半，压电振子k上两层结构端部的变形量为其许用值的一半，即其中：B＝1-α+αβ，A＝α4(1-β)2-4α3(1-β)+6α2(1-β)-4α(1-β)+1，α＝hm/H，β＝Em/Ep，hm和H分别为基板k1的厚度和压电振子k总厚度，Em和Ep分别为基板k1和压电片k2的杨氏模量，k31和分别为压电陶瓷材料的机电耦合系数和许用压应力，L为压电振子k两层结构部分的悬臂长度。In the present invention, the piezoelectric vibrator k has a flat structure before installation, and a curved structure after installation. The maximum compressive stress on the piezoelectric sheet k2 is half of its allowable value when it is not working. The deformation at the end of the layer structure is half of its allowable value, that is Among them: B=1-α+αβ, A=α4 (1-β)2 -4α3 (1-β)+6α2 (1-β)-4α(1-β)+1, α=hm /H, β=Em /Ep , hm and H are the thickness of the substrate k1 and the total thickness of the piezoelectric vibrator k respectively,Em and E pare the Young’s of the substrate k1 and the piezoelectric sheet k2 respectively Modulus, k31 and are the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the allowable compressive stress of the piezoelectric ceramic material, respectively, and L is the cantilever length of the two-layer structure of the piezoelectric vibrator k.
工作中环境的风向及风速变化时，帆布d受风力作用将迫使帆架c转动及激励器i的摆动，从而实现风力发电及风向的自动测量，过程如下：When the wind direction and wind speed in the working environment change, the canvas d will force the sail rack c to rotate and the exciter i to swing under the wind force, so as to realize wind power generation and automatic measurement of wind direction. The process is as follows:
环境中有风吹过时，帆布d与风的耦合作用将迫使帆架c、摆盘a及激励器i摆动，再经激励盘i3及片簧m的相互作用使压电振子k的状态发生变化：片簧m弯曲变形时，片簧m一侧压电振子k的变形量增加、另一侧压电振子k的变形量减小，当激励器i的摆杆i2变形过大并使摆盘a的环台a4与外壳体h相接触时，变形量逐渐增加的压电振子k的实际变形量小于其许用值；压电振子k变形量交替增加与减小的过程中压电片k2的应力交替地增加和减小，从而将机械能转换成电能，此为压电发电过程；所生成的电能经导线传输到电路板y上，经转换处理后用于风向信号的处理计算与发射。When there is wind blowing in the environment, the coupling effect of the canvas d and the wind will force the sail rack c, the pendulum a and the actuator i to swing, and then the state of the piezoelectric vibrator k will change through the interaction of the excitation disk i3 and the leaf spring m : When the leaf spring m is bent and deformed, the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator k on one side of the leaf spring m increases, and the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator k on the other side decreases. When the ring platform a4 of a is in contact with the outer shell h, the actual deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator k whose deformation is gradually increasing is smaller than its allowable value; the piezoelectric sheet k2 is alternately increasing and decreasing in the process of deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator k The stress increases and decreases alternately, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is a piezoelectric power generation process; the generated electrical energy is transmitted to the circuit board y through wires, and is used for the processing, calculation and emission of wind direction signals after conversion.
环境中的风向发生变化时，帆布d将带动帆架c及磁铁f绕摆盘a的半轴a2转动，从而改变各传感器b与磁铁f的相对位置、使各传感器b上镍基板b1的变形量及压电膜b2上的电压值发生变化，与磁铁f距离近的传感器b的电压高、远的传感器b的电压弱或无电压，故本发明根据各传感器b电压信号的强弱及有无确定风向，所获得的风向变化信息经电路板y上的信息发射系统发射出去。When the wind direction in the environment changes, the canvas d will drive the sail stand c and the magnet f to rotate around the semi-axis a2 of the swing plate a, thereby changing the relative position of each sensor b and magnet f, and deforming the nickel substrate b1 on each sensor b Quantity and the voltage value on the piezoelectric film b2 change, the voltage of the sensor b close to the magnet f is high, and the voltage of the far sensor b is weak or no voltage, so the present invention is based on the strength and effectiveness of the voltage signal of each sensor b If the wind direction is not determined, the obtained wind direction change information is transmitted through the information transmitting system on the circuit board y.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710729379.3ACN107342707B (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | A kind of self-powered anemoscope |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710729379.3ACN107342707B (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | A kind of self-powered anemoscope |
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| CN107342707Atrue CN107342707A (en) | 2017-11-10 |
| CN107342707B CN107342707B (en) | 2019-01-29 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710729379.3AActiveCN107342707B (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | A kind of self-powered anemoscope |
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