A kind of biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer and preparation method thereofTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The agricultural crop straw that China rural area there are about 1/3rd is not utilized, is greatly all directly burned, this not only causes high-grade biomass resource to be wasted, and also results in a series of problem of environmental pollutions.If can using these stalks as production agricultural biological charcoal raw material, not only biomass resource be effectively used, obtain the biological carbon product of high-quality, additionally it is possible to avoid the processing modes such as crop straw burning trigger environmental problem.With economical and plant-scale develop rapidly, many fields are all in large-scale promotion Anaerobic Digestion technology, such as municipal sewage plant is handled sewage by anaerobic biological wastewater treatment, a large amount of remaining stalks in rural area and production of the fowl and animal excrement using anaerobic digestion techniques progress biogas, this a series of anaerobic fermentation engineering is all along with a large amount of generations of biogas residue, because nutrient contained by biogas residue is sufficient, increasing people begins to focus on the sustainable use of biogas residue.
Biogas residue is as high-quality solid fertilizer, and nutritional ingredient is relatively enriched, and nutrient content is more comprehensive, wherein organic matter 36%-49%, humic acid 10.1%-24.6%, crude protein 5%-9%, nitrogen 0.4%-0.6%, potassium 0.6%-1.2%, also has some mineral matter nutrients.Biogas residue is compared due to being formed under anaerobic with common compost, and it is preferable that nutritional ingredient retains situation.Biogas residue is made up of three kinds of different pieces, plays three different effects.One is organic matter, humic acid, and improved soil is played an important role；Two be the elements such as N P and K, meets plant growth needs；Three be the raw material that do not become thoroughly decomposed, applies farmland fermentation, Releasing nutrient, here it is biogas residue fertilizer speed delays the reason for having both.Chronic administration natural pond fertilizer crop yield can improve 10%-30%, and agricultural product quality improves 1-2 class, per jin to increase income 0.2-1 members.Biogas residue contains many nutritional ingredients and bioactive substance, it is a kind of particular matter with fertilizer, biological pesticide and feed addictive function, soil physical and chemical property, increase soil fertility can not only be significantly improved, while crop yield can be significantly increased and improve crop quality.
Charcoal typically refers to the biomass such as agriculture and forestry organic waste material, and the rich carbon product of formation is pyrolyzed under the conditions of anoxic and certain temperature.In environmental area, charcoal is mainly used to crack straw burning problem, reduces pollution of area source, realizes agriculture " carbon sequestration "；In agriculture field, it is mainly used to improved soil, culture fertility, repairs farmland, improves crop yield and quality etc..Charcoal has abundant multi-cellular structure, and specific surface area is larger, after being manured into soil, is conducive to the existence of microorganism to multiply, profitable strain quantity in increase soil, strengthens function of soil ecosystem, good growing environment is provided for crop root.Contribute to improve soil physical and chemical property using charcoal, such as pH, unit weight, porosity, retentiveness are especially advantageous for improving Content of available nutrient in soils, the change of these conditions is for promoting crop growth to play an important role.Charcoal containing a number of element such as N, P, the K beneficial to crop growth etc. and some trace elements, can increase exchangeable cation such as K in soil in itself+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Deng quantity, the influence of the toxic element such as activated aluminum is reduced to a certain extent, good element source of supply is provided for crop growth.Charcoal is with other fertilizers in use, fertilizer nutrient leaching loss can be reduced, and raising utilization ratio promotes volume increase.
The content of the invention
The technical problem existed based on background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the present invention makes full use of Fermentation Engineering biogas residue and stalk resource, made fertilizer has the advantages such as sustained release fertilizer efficiency, improved soil, carbon fixation and emission reduction, reasonable nutritional arrangment, can effectively extend the fertilizer term of validity with conventional composite fertilizer's compounding application, be obviously improved crop yield and quality, and preparation method cost is relatively low, feasible process, suitable large-scale promotion.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer, its raw material includes：Biogas residue, charcoal, common fertilizer, miberal powder binding agent, complex micro organism fungicide, adhesive for granulating and coated fertilizer；
Wherein, the raw material is counted by weight proportion, and the constituent of biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer is parts per hundred parts：70-75 parts of biogas residue, 15-18 parts of charcoal, 1-2 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2-3 parts of urea, 4-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1 parts of complex micro organism fungicide, 1-2 parts of miberal powder binding agent, 1-3 parts of coated fertilizer；
Preferably, the agricultural crop straw raw material is the one or more of the agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as maize straw, rice straw, wheat stalk, the residual branch of forestry.
Preferably, the complex micro organism fungicide is nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, colloid bacillus, at least one of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi, and total living bacteria count of complex micro organism fungicide is more than 200,000,000,000/g.
Preferably, the miberal powder binding agent is sodium lignin sulfonate.
Preferably, the coated fertilizer is at least one of plastics, resin, paraffin, polyethylene and elementary sulfur, and the particle diameter of the coated fertilizer is 100-200 mesh.
The invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer, comprise the following steps：
(1) biogas residue for producing anaerobic fermentation carries out separation of solid and liquid with biogas slurry, isolated biogas residue is utilized into air blower or natural air drying, make the water content after its dehydrating and curing as little as 20%, then carry out certain innoxious pretreatment, obtain nutritious safe biogas residue finished product；
(2) by agricultural crop straw cutting and grinding to diameter≤2cm, biological carbon semiproduct is obtained within 3-4 hours through 450 DEG C of -500 DEG C of Pintsch process, further after grinding, sieving and drying, particle diameter is obtained for 50-60 mesh, specific surface area is (80 ± 5) m2/ g, pH acid-base value reach charcoal finished product more than 9.0, total carbon content >=65%；
(3) obtained biogas residue, charcoal, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), urea, potassium sulfate, complex micro organism fungicide, miberal powder binding agent and coated fertilizer are mixed and stirred for, measure and be adjusted after the completion of compounding, its content of organic matter is reached 35%；
(4) it will be dried after the compounding material uniform stirring in step (3); obtain intermediate particle and pour sieving in sieve into again, granulated using granulating disc, obtain the organic fertilizer particles that particle diameter is 3~5mm; particle is poured into dryer again and dried, room temperature is naturally cooled to；
(5) particle is wrapped up using coated fertilizer, is further dried and packs, store, biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer is obtained in step (4) made particle surface using a small amount of atomized water of atomizers spray.
Advantages and positive effects of the present invention are：
(1) biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer of the invention, according to crop growth for different nutriments the need for, it is made according to rational raw material proportioning, it disclosure satisfy that the different nutritional need of plant, improve the content and P in soil H of soil exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, improved soil physicochemical character, culture soil fertility, enhancing soil water-retaining drought-resistant ability.
(2) biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer of the invention, the wherein plain matrix of charcoal has strong suction-operated, charcoal coordinates system fertilizer that the release leaching speed of fertilizer can be made substantially to slow down with biogas residue, reduce the leaching loss of fertilizer, extend the service time of fertilizer, so as to improve the utilization rate and utilizing status of fertilizer, plant growth can be nursed one's health, significantly improve crop yield and quality, charcoal in the present invention is made by agricultural crop straw Pintsch process, and this also provides new solution to a large amount of stalk residue problems in rural area.
(3) biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer preparation method of the invention, cost is relatively low, feasible process, is adapted to large-scale promotion, more excellent with common fertilizer Fertilizers effect.In addition, the production of biogas residue depends on all kinds of biogas engineerings, biogas engineering can be by substantial amounts of organic human waste (such as feces of livestock and poultry in agricultural production, crop material, domestic organic garbage, food processing discarded object etc.) recycled as carrier loop, the biogas residue that tail end is produced is converted into corresponding fertilizer product by the method for the present invention, both environmental quality is improved, realize zero-emission target, changing rejected material to useful resource and value-added target are realized again, develop that compoiste fertilizer can handle biogas residue in time by carrier of biogas residue makes whole biogas engineering industrial chain meet national " the ten big industrial policies first developed ", benefit the nation and the people.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1：Prepare biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer technology path schematic diagram
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
A kind of biogas residue-charcoal mixed organic manure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, its raw material includes：Biogas residue, charcoal, common fertilizer, miberal powder binding agent, complex micro organism fungicide, adhesive for granulating and coated fertilizer；
Wherein, the raw material is counted by weight proportion, and the constituent of sludge-charcoal mixed organic manure is parts per hundred parts：70-75 parts of biogas residue, 15-18 parts of charcoal, 1-2 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2-3 parts of urea, 4-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1 parts of complex micro organism fungicide, 1-2 parts of miberal powder binding agent, 1-3 parts of coated fertilizer.
The charcoal is prepared by stalk for raw material, agricultural crop straw is the one or more of the agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as maize straw, rice straw, wheat stalk, the residual branch of forestry, such agricultural crop straw wide material sources, collect and prepare charcoal or carry out secondary compost with biogas residue.
The complex micro organism fungicide is plant type microbial bacterial agent, comprising nitrogen-fixing bacteria, silicate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, colloid bacillus, VA Mycorrhizal Fungi at least one, total living bacteria count of complex micro organism fungicide is more than 200,000,000,000/g, its element and the indices of microorganism fungus kind meet agricultural microbial agent (GB 20287-2006) related request, there is antibacterial disease-resistant anti-continuous cropping, fertilizer efficiency, hypertonic efficient, upgrading volume increase and green non-pollution is improved, it is adaptable to various field crops, industrial crops, gourd, fruit and vegetable etc..
The miberal powder binding agent is sodium lignin sulfonate, it is a kind of natural polymerses, long-term sealed storage is not decomposed and with very strong dispersiveness, it is a kind of surface reactive material, it can adsorb on the surface of various solid particles, its preparation method is formed using the concentrated modified-reaction of bamboo pulping procedure extraction thing and being spray-dried, the mesh of product grading >=200.
The coated fertilizer is at least one of plastics, resin, paraffin, polyethylene and elementary sulfur, and the particle diameter of the coated fertilizer is 120-140 mesh.
The preparation method of above-mentioned biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer, comprises the following steps：
(1) biogas residue for producing anaerobic fermentation carries out separation of solid and liquid with biogas slurry, isolated biogas residue is utilized into air blower or natural air drying, make the water content after its dehydrating and curing as little as 20%, then carry out certain innoxious pretreatment, obtain nutritious safe biogas residue finished product；
(2) by agricultural crop straw cutting and grinding to diameter≤2cm, biological carbon semiproduct is obtained within 3-4 hours through 450 DEG C of -500 DEG C of Pintsch process, further after grinding, sieving and drying, particle diameter is obtained for 50-60 mesh, specific surface area is (80 ± 5) m2/ g, pH acid-base value reach charcoal finished product more than 9.0, total carbon content >=65%；
(3) obtained biogas residue, charcoal, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), urea, potassium sulfate, complex micro organism fungicide, miberal powder binding agent and coated fertilizer are mixed and stirred for, measure and be adjusted after the completion of compounding, its content of organic matter is reached 35%；
(4) it will be dried after the compounding material uniform stirring in step (3); obtain intermediate particle and pour sieving in sieve into again, granulated using granulating disc, obtain the organic fertilizer particles that particle diameter is 3~5mm; particle is poured into dryer again and dried, room temperature is naturally cooled to；
(5) particle is wrapped up using coated fertilizer, is further dried and packs, store, biogas residue-charcoal mixed organic manure is obtained in step (4) made particle surface using a small amount of atomized water of atomizers spray.
Composite fertilizer's amount of application determines that before being taken into use, contained common fertilizer ingredients need to meet Diammonium phosphate (DAP) >=150kg/hm to biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer of the invention according to local soil property2, urea >=200kg/hm2, potassium sulfate >=400kg/hm2；
Composite fertilizer's amount of application is determined according to local soil property, fertilizer efficiency can be increased with conventional composite fertilizer's compounding application, sludge-charcoal compoiste fertilizer is 600-800kg/ mus in acid soil dose, applying sludge-charcoal compoiste fertilizer in heterogeneity soil, amount of increase in production has different, and should not be applied to the sensitive arable land of soil pH acid-base value.
Dose of the organic fertilizer in acid soil that the biogas residue-charcoal compoiste fertilizer can strengthen with conventional composite fertilizer's compounding application in fertilizer efficiency, the present invention is 1400-1600kg/hm2, the composite fertilizer is applied in acid soil, neutral soil, coarse texture and medium-texture soil, it will cause amount of increase in production that there is difference, and should not be applied to the sensitive arable land of soil pH acid-base value.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, technique according to the invention scheme and its inventive concept are made equivalent substitution or improvement, should be included in the scope of the protection.