CN107260368B - Prosthesis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a prosthesis comprising a housing, a first sleeve, a second sleeve and a third sleeve received in the housing, wherein: the second sleeve is configured to remain axially relatively stationary with respect to the housing; the second sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the first sleeve; the first sleeve is connected with the third sleeve through a limiting assembly, the third sleeve extends from the proximal end to the distal end and extends out of the shell, and the limiting assembly limits the third sleeve to rotate around the axis of the second sleeve; under the action of an alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve has a first working state and a second working state, when the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve drives the first sleeve to move along the axial direction of the shell, and when the second sleeve is in the second working state, the second sleeve enables the first sleeve to keep relatively static relative to the second sleeve in the axial direction.

Description

Translated fromChinese

假体Prosthesis

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，特别涉及一种假体。The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a prosthesis.

背景技术Background technique

患有肿瘤的儿童，尤其是患有高发病率的股骨远端和胫骨近端骨肉瘤，早期的截肢治疗已经慢慢被保肢治疗取代，患儿手术切除肿瘤后需安装一个内假体，传统的保肢治疗手段主要有自体骨移植、异体骨移植、普通假体置换。但是，随着患儿的成长，其健康一侧的肢体会随着身体发育而变长，而植入假体的一侧则因骨骺的破坏无法正常生长，这将导致患儿两侧肢体不等长问题。这不仅外形难看，而且给患儿的生活带来不便，还可引起骨盆倾斜、脊柱侧弯、非正常应力所致关节损害等一系列并发症。In children with tumors, especially the high incidence of osteosarcoma of the distal femur and proximal tibia, early amputation therapy has been gradually replaced by limb salvage therapy, and children need to install an endoprosthesis after surgery to remove the tumor. Traditional limb salvage treatments mainly include autologous bone transplantation, allogeneic bone transplantation, and common prosthesis replacement. However, as the child grows, the limb on the healthy side will lengthen with the development of the body, while the side where the prosthesis is implanted cannot grow normally due to the destruction of the epiphysis, which will cause the limbs on both sides of the child to not grow normally. Isometric question. This not only looks ugly, but also brings inconvenience to the children's life, and can also cause a series of complications such as pelvic tilt, scoliosis, and joint damage caused by abnormal stress.

为解决保肢术后儿童肢体不等长问题，目前常见的可延长假体分为两类：一类为有创的可延长假体，虽然能够延长，但是设计的延长机制必须行二次手术才能完成，如需要手术暴露假体，用专用工具拧动内部结构式假体，该类假体需反复手术延长，不仅增加患儿的术后并发症，费时费力，而且也增加了经济负担。另一类假体为自动可延长假体，如一种有体内电源、体外电源的假体，这类假体的设计结构复杂，失效率高，使用寿命有限，延长长度不确定，体内体外的电源连接要通过皮下组织，这也会造成一些并发症，而且患儿体内安装电源装置，这无法保证假体的可靠性，极易出现失效，设计不合理。In order to solve the problem of unequal limb length in children after limb salvage, the common extendable prostheses are currently divided into two categories: one is the invasive extendable prosthesis. Although it can be extended, the designed extension mechanism requires a second operation. If the prosthesis needs to be exposed surgically and the internal structural prosthesis is twisted with special tools, this type of prosthesis requires repeated operations to extend, which not only increases the postoperative complications of the child, is time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also increases the economic burden. Another type of prosthesis is an automatic extendable prosthesis, such as a prosthesis with internal power and external power. The connection has to pass through the subcutaneous tissue, which will also cause some complications, and the power supply device is installed in the patient's body, which cannot guarantee the reliability of the prosthesis, and is prone to failure and unreasonable design.

因此，需要设计一种安全无创可延长的假体。Therefore, there is a need to design a safe, non-invasive and extendable prosthesis.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的之一在于提供一种假体，以解决现有的假体延长不安全的问题。One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a prosthesis to solve the problem of unsafe extension of the existing prosthesis.

本发明的目的之一还在于提供一种假体，以解决现有的假体结构复杂的问题。Another object of the present invention is to provide a prosthesis to solve the problem of the complex structure of the existing prosthesis.

本发明的目的之一还在于提供一种假体，以解决现有的假体需要有创手术才能完成延长的问题。Another object of the present invention is to provide a prosthesis to solve the problem that the existing prosthesis requires invasive surgery to complete the extension.

本发明的目的之一还在于提供一种假体，以解决现有的假体容易失效的问题。Another object of the present invention is to provide a prosthesis to solve the problem of easy failure of the existing prosthesis.

本发明的目的之一还在于提供一种假体，以解决现有的假体具有体内电源而造成并发症的问题。Another object of the present invention is to provide a prosthesis to solve the problem of complications caused by the existing prosthesis having an internal power source.

为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种假体，所述假体包括外壳、容纳于所述外壳的第一套筒、第二套筒和第三套筒，其中：In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a prosthesis, which includes a housing, a first sleeve, a second sleeve and a third sleeve accommodated in the housing, wherein:

所述第二套筒被配置为相对于所述外壳保持轴向相对静止；the second sleeve is configured to remain axially relatively stationary with respect to the housing;

所述第二套筒同轴套接于第一套筒的外部；the second sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the first sleeve;

所述第一套筒通过一限制组件与所述第三套筒连接，所述第三套筒从近端往远端延伸，且延伸出外壳，所述限制组件限制所述第三套筒围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转；The first sleeve is connected to the third sleeve through a restriction assembly, the third sleeve extends from the proximal end to the distal end, and extends out of the housing, and the restriction assembly restricts the third sleeve to surround The axis of the second sleeve rotates;

在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒具有第一工作状态和第二工作状态，所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒驱使所述第一套筒延所述外壳的轴向移动，所述第二套筒处于第二工作状态时，所述第二套筒使所述第一套筒相对于所述第二套筒保持轴向相对静止。Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve has a first working state and a second working state, and when the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve drives the first sleeve Along the axial movement of the housing, when the second sleeve is in the second working state, the second sleeve keeps the first sleeve relatively stationary relative to the second sleeve in the axial direction.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述第二套筒的外壁上具有多个第三凹槽，所述第三凹槽容置有永磁体；Optionally, in the prosthesis, the outer wall of the second sleeve has a plurality of third grooves, and the third grooves accommodate the permanent magnets;

所述第二套筒被布置为可围绕第二套筒轴线的旋转；the second sleeve is arranged for rotation about an axis of the second sleeve;

所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒在交变磁场作用下，以一方向围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转；When the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve rotates around the axis of the second sleeve in one direction under the action of the alternating magnetic field;

所述第二套筒处于第二状态时，所述第二套筒在交变磁场作用下，以另一方向围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转。When the second sleeve is in the second state, the second sleeve rotates around the axis of the second sleeve in another direction under the action of the alternating magnetic field.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述第一套筒的外壁具有多个凸耳，所述第二套筒的内壁上具有多个第一凹槽和多个第二凹槽，其中：Optionally, in the prosthesis, the outer wall of the first sleeve has a plurality of lugs, and the inner wall of the second sleeve has a plurality of first grooves and a plurality of second grooves, in:

所述第一凹槽均沿轴向延伸，所述第二凹槽均沿周向延伸；The first grooves all extend in the axial direction, and the second grooves all extend in the circumferential direction;

每个所述第一凹槽与多个所述第二凹槽连通，且与所述第一凹槽连通的多个所述第二凹槽位于该第一凹槽的同一侧；Each of the first grooves communicates with a plurality of the second grooves, and the plurality of the second grooves communicated with the first grooves are located on the same side of the first groove;

所述凸耳与所述第一凹槽和所述第二凹槽相匹配，以使所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述凸耳可以在第一凹槽中轴向移动；所述第二套筒处于第二工作状态时，所述凸耳置于第二凹槽中相对于所述第二凹槽保持轴向相对静止。The lug is matched with the first groove and the second groove, so that when the second sleeve is in the first working state, the lug can move axially in the first groove ; When the second sleeve is in the second working state, the lug is placed in the second groove to keep the axial relative stationary relative to the second groove.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述第二套筒被配置为可围绕第二套筒轴线的旋转；Optionally, in the prosthesis, the second sleeve is configured to be rotatable around the axis of the second sleeve;

在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒顺时针围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转，驱动所述第一套筒延轴向向远端移动时，所述第二凹槽被布置于所述第一凹槽左侧；在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒逆时针围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转，驱动所述第一套筒延轴向向远端移动时，所述第二凹槽被布置于所述第一凹槽的右侧。Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve rotates clockwise around the axis of the second sleeve, and when the first sleeve is driven to move distally in the axial direction, the second groove is arranged in the the left side of the first groove; under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve rotates counterclockwise around the axis of the second sleeve, and when the first sleeve is driven to move distally along the axis, the The second groove is arranged on the right side of the first groove.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述第二凹槽远离所述第一凹槽的一端具有弹性体，所述弹性体用于卡接所述凸耳。Optionally, in the prosthesis, an end of the second groove away from the first groove has an elastic body, and the elastic body is used for clamping the lug.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述假体还包括螺纹轴，Optionally, in the prosthesis, the prosthesis further comprises a threaded shaft,

所述螺纹轴外部设有外螺纹，且与所述外壳固定，所述第一套筒同轴套接于所述螺纹轴的外部，所述第一套筒的内壁上具有和所述螺纹轴外螺纹相匹配的内螺纹；The threaded shaft is provided with an external thread and is fixed to the housing, the first sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the threaded shaft, and the inner wall of the first sleeve is provided with the threaded shaft Internal thread matched with external thread;

所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒驱动第一套筒围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转，进而延轴向移动。When the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve drives the first sleeve to rotate around the axis of the second sleeve, thereby moving in the axial direction.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述螺纹轴远端延伸出所述第一套筒，并延伸进入所述第三套筒，所述假体还包括至少一个第一插销，至少一个第四插销，所述第一插销固定于所述螺纹轴的近端，且同时第一插销的两端延伸与所述外壳固定，至少一个所述第四插销固定于所述螺纹轴的远端，且同时第四插销的两端延伸通过所述第三套筒后与外壳固定，以使所述螺纹轴与所述外壳固定。Optionally, in the prosthesis, the distal end of the threaded shaft extends out of the first sleeve and into the third sleeve, and the prosthesis further includes at least one first pin, at least A fourth plug, the first plug is fixed to the proximal end of the threaded shaft, and at the same time both ends of the first plug are extended to be fixed to the housing, and at least one of the fourth plugs is fixed to the distal end of the threaded shaft. At the same time, both ends of the fourth plug extend through the third sleeve and are fixed to the housing, so that the threaded shaft is fixed to the housing.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述限制阻件包括端盖，第一推力球轴承，第二推力球轴承和第三插销，Optionally, in the prosthesis, the limiting block includes an end cover, a first thrust ball bearing, a second thrust ball bearing and a third bolt,

所述第一推力球轴承，第二推力球轴承位于所述第一套筒的远端端部，所述端盖位于所述第一推力球轴承和第二推力球轴承的远端，且与所述第一套筒可拆卸固定连接，以使所述第一推力球轴承和第二推力球轴承相对于第一套筒保持轴向相对静止；The first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing are located at the distal end of the first sleeve, and the end cover is located at the distal end of the first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing, and is connected to the distal end of the first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing. The first sleeve is detachably and fixedly connected, so that the first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing are axially relatively stationary with respect to the first sleeve;

所述第三套筒与所述第一套筒连接端的端部具有一外凸缘，所述外凸缘位于所述第一推力球轴承和第二推力球轴承之间；The end of the connecting end of the third sleeve and the first sleeve has an outer flange, and the outer flange is located between the first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing;

所述第三套筒具有一轴向延伸的第四凹槽，所述第三插销穿过所述第四凹槽，且所述第三插销的两端延伸与所述外壳固定连接。The third sleeve has an axially extending fourth groove, the third plug passes through the fourth groove, and two ends of the third plug extend and are fixedly connected to the housing.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述限制组件包括端盖，双向推力球轴承和第三插销，Optionally, in the prosthesis, the limiting component includes an end cover, a two-way thrust ball bearing and a third pin,

所述双向推力球轴承位于所述第一套筒的远端端部，所述端盖位于所述双向推力球轴承的远端，且与所述第一套筒可拆卸连接，以使所述双向推力球轴承相对于第一套筒保持轴向相对静止；The two-way thrust ball bearing is located at the distal end of the first sleeve, the end cover is located at the distal end of the two-way thrust ball bearing, and is detachably connected with the first sleeve, so that the The two-way thrust ball bearing keeps the axial relative stationary relative to the first sleeve;

所述第三套筒与所述双向推力球轴承的轴圈固定连接；the third sleeve is fixedly connected with the shaft washer of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing;

所述第三套筒具有第四凹槽，所述第三插销穿过所述第四凹槽，且所述第三插销的两端延伸与所述外壳固定连接。The third sleeve has a fourth groove, the third plug passes through the fourth groove, and both ends of the third plug extend and are fixedly connected to the housing.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述第三套筒至少远端的形状为棱柱形，所述假体还包括容纳于所述外壳中的第五套筒，所述第五套筒位于所述外壳的远端，且与外壳固定连接，所述第五套筒具有一第一内腔，至少部分所述第一内腔具有与所述第三套筒的远端形状相匹配的形状，以限制第三套筒发生旋转。Optionally, in the prosthesis, the shape of at least the distal end of the third sleeve is a prism, and the prosthesis further comprises a fifth sleeve accommodated in the outer shell, the fifth sleeve The barrel is located at the distal end of the outer casing and is fixedly connected to the outer casing, the fifth sleeve has a first inner cavity, and at least part of the first inner cavity has a shape matching the distal end of the third sleeve shape to limit the rotation of the third sleeve.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述假体还包括多个第二插销，所述第五套筒的外壁与外壳之间设有至少一个轴向延伸的第五凹槽，所述第二插销插入所述第五凹槽，以限制所述第五套筒围绕轴线旋转。Optionally, in the prosthesis, the prosthesis further comprises a plurality of second pins, and at least one axially extending fifth groove is provided between the outer wall of the fifth sleeve and the outer casing, so The second plug is inserted into the fifth groove to limit the rotation of the fifth sleeve around the axis.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述假体还包括第四套筒，第三推力球轴承和第四推力球轴承，Optionally, in the prosthesis, the prosthesis further comprises a fourth sleeve, a third thrust ball bearing and a fourth thrust ball bearing,

所述第四套筒位于容纳于所述外壳，所述第二套筒的远端，且所述第四套筒被配置为相对于所述外壳保持轴向相对静止，所述第三推力球轴承位于所述第二套筒与外壳之间，所述第四推力球轴承位于第二套筒与第四套筒之间，以实现所述第二套筒相对于所述外壳保持轴向相对静止，且可围绕第二套筒轴线旋转。The fourth sleeve is accommodated in the housing, the distal end of the second sleeve, and the fourth sleeve is configured to remain axially relatively stationary with respect to the housing, the third thrust ball A bearing is located between the second sleeve and the housing, and the fourth thrust ball bearing is located between the second sleeve and the fourth sleeve, so that the second sleeve is axially opposite to the housing stationary and rotatable about the second sleeve axis.

可选的，在所述的假体中，所述假体还包括第五套筒，壳帽，所述第五套筒容纳于所述外壳，且位于所述第四套筒的远端，所述壳帽位于所述外壳的远端，与所述外壳为可拆卸连接，使所述第二套筒、所述第四套筒和所述第五套筒在轴向上与所述外壳保持相对静止；所述壳帽所述壳帽具有第二内腔，以使所述第三套筒通过所述第二内腔并向所述壳帽的远端延伸。Optionally, in the prosthesis, the prosthesis further comprises a fifth sleeve and a shell cap, the fifth sleeve is accommodated in the shell and is located at the distal end of the fourth sleeve, The casing cap is located at the distal end of the casing and is detachably connected with the casing, so that the second sleeve, the fourth sleeve and the fifth sleeve are axially connected to the casing remaining relatively stationary; the cap has a second lumen such that the third sleeve extends through the second lumen and toward the distal end of the cap.

在本发明提供的假体中，通过在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒具有第一工作状态和第二工作状态，所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒驱使所述第一套筒延外壳的轴向运动，所述第二套筒处于第二工作状态时，所述第二套筒使所述第一套筒相对于第二套筒保持轴向相对静止，可以向假体外壳的外部延长，本发明提供的假体具有以下有益效果：首先，本发明提供的假体设计简单，只具有简单的机械结构和尺寸配合，避免电源提供动力的机构造成控制复杂的问题，其次，交变磁场位于人体外，无需在人体内植入动力源(例如电源、电池等)，避免需要通过皮下组织连接的体内体外的电源造成的并发症，另外，体外的交变磁场容易获得，替代性高，避免出现动力源失效，例如电池电量耗尽，电源中元器件损坏失效，避免了复杂机构存在的潜在失效，进一步提高了这个假体的可靠性，进一步的，本发明提供的假体只使用磁场力进行推动，交变磁场可在人体外，无需与假体第一套筒结构连接，无需暴露假体，无需有创手术，对人体无害，克服了现有技术中的假体安全性差的问题，更进一步的，本发明提供的假体制造和延长成本低，延长方式简单。总之，本发明的延长机制设计简单且效果很好。In the prosthesis provided by the present invention, under the action of an alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve has a first working state and a second working state, and when the second sleeve is in the first working state, the first working state Two sleeves drive the first sleeve to move in the axial direction of the housing, and when the second sleeve is in the second working state, the second sleeve keeps the first sleeve relative to the second sleeve The axial direction is relatively static and can be extended to the outside of the prosthesis shell. The prosthesis provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, the prosthesis provided by the present invention has a simple design, only has a simple mechanical structure and size matching, and avoids power supply from power sources. Second, the alternating magnetic field is located outside the human body, and there is no need to implant a power source (such as power supply, battery, etc.) , The external alternating magnetic field is easy to obtain, and the replacement is high, avoiding power source failure, such as battery exhaustion, damage to components in the power supply, avoiding the potential failure of complex mechanisms, and further improving the reliability of the prosthesis , Further, the prosthesis provided by the present invention only uses the magnetic field force to push, the alternating magnetic field can be outside the human body, does not need to be connected with the first sleeve structure of the prosthesis, does not need to expose the prosthesis, does not need invasive surgery, and is harmless to the human body , overcoming the problem of poor safety of the prosthesis in the prior art, and further, the prosthesis provided by the present invention has low manufacturing and extension costs and a simple extension method. In conclusion, the extension mechanism of the present invention is simple in design and works well.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明假体整体结构示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the prosthesis of the present invention;

图2是本发明一实施例第一套筒结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3是本发明一实施例第二套筒结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图4是本发明一实施例第一套筒和第二套筒装配示意图；4 is a schematic view of the assembly of the first sleeve and the second sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图5是本发明一实施例第一套筒和第三套筒装配示意图；5 is a schematic view of the assembly of the first sleeve and the third sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图中所示：10-外壳；20-螺纹轴；31-第一套筒；311-凸耳；32-第二套筒；321-第一凹槽；322-第二凹槽；323-第三凹槽；324-弹性体；33-第三套筒；331-外凸缘；332-第四凹槽；34-第四套筒；35-第五套筒；41-第一插销；42-第二插销；43-第三插销；51-第一推力球轴承；52-第二推力球轴承；53-第三推力球轴承；54-第四推力球轴承；80-端盖；90-壳帽。Shown in the figure: 10-housing; 20-threaded shaft; 31-first sleeve; 311-lug; 32-second sleeve; 321-first groove; 322-second groove; 323-first Three grooves; 324-elastomer; 33-third sleeve; 331-outer flange; 332-fourth groove; 34-fourth sleeve; 35-fifth sleeve; 41-first latch; 42 -Second bolt; 43-Third bolt; 51-First thrust ball bearing; 52-Second thrust ball bearing; 53-Third thrust ball bearing; 54-Fourth thrust ball bearing; 80-End cover; 90- shell cap.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明提出的假体作进一步详细说明。根据下面说明和权利要求书，本发明的优点和特征将更清楚。需说明的是，附图均采用非常简化的形式且均使用非精准的比例，仅用以方便、明晰地辅助说明本发明实施例的目的。The prosthesis proposed by the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and claims. It should be noted that, the accompanying drawings are all in a very simplified form and in inaccurate scales, and are only used to facilitate and clearly assist the purpose of explaining the embodiments of the present invention.

本发明的核心思想在于提供一种假体，以解决现有的假体延长不安全的问题。The core idea of the present invention is to provide a prosthesis to solve the problem of unsafe extension of the existing prosthesis.

为实现上述思想，本发明提供了一种假体，所述假体包括外壳、容纳于所述外壳的第一套筒、第二套筒和第三套筒，其中：所述第二套筒被配置为相对于所述外壳保持轴向相对静止；所述第二套筒同轴套接于第一套筒的外部；所述第一套筒通过一限制组件与所述第三套筒连接，所述第三套筒从近端往远端延伸，且延伸出外壳，所述限制组件限制所述第三套筒围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转；在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒具有第一工作状态和第二工作状态，所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒驱使所述第一套筒延所述外壳的轴向移动，所述第二套筒处于第二工作状态时，所述第二套筒使所述第一套筒相对于所述第二套筒保持轴向相对静止。In order to realize the above idea, the present invention provides a prosthesis, the prosthesis includes a housing, a first sleeve, a second sleeve and a third sleeve accommodated in the housing, wherein: the second sleeve The second sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the first sleeve, and the first sleeve is connected with the third sleeve through a limiting component. , the third sleeve extends from the proximal end to the distal end, and extends out of the housing, and the limiting component restricts the rotation of the third sleeve around the axis of the second sleeve; under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the first sleeve The two sleeves have a first working state and a second working state. When the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve drives the first sleeve to move in the axial direction of the housing, so When the second sleeve is in the second working state, the second sleeve keeps the first sleeve relatively stationary relative to the second sleeve in the axial direction.

在本发明提供的假体中，通过在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒32具有第一工作状态和第二工作状态，所述第二套筒32处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒32驱使所述第一套筒31延外壳10的轴向运动，可以向假体外壳10的远端延长；所述第二套筒32处于第二工作状态时，所述第二套筒32使所述第一套筒31相对于第二套筒32保持轴向相对静止。In the prosthesis provided by the present invention, under the action of the alternating magnetic field, thesecond sleeve 32 has a first working state and a second working state, and when thesecond sleeve 32 is in the first working state, all the Thesecond sleeve 32 drives thefirst sleeve 31 to move in the axial direction of thehousing 10, and can be extended to the distal end of theprosthesis housing 10; when thesecond sleeve 32 is in the second working state, thefirst sleeve 31 is in the second working state. The twosleeves 32 keep thefirst sleeve 31 relatively stationary relative to thesecond sleeve 32 in the axial direction.

本发明提供的假体具有以下有益效果：首先，本发明提供的假体设计简单，只具有简单的机械结构和尺寸配合，避免电源提供动力的机构造成控制复杂的问题，其次，交变磁场位于人体外，无需在人体内植入动力源(例如电源、电池等)，避免需要通过皮下组织连接的体内体外的电源造成的并发症。另外，体外的交变磁场容易获得，替代性高，避免出现动力源失效，例如电池电量耗尽，电源中元器件损坏失效，避免了复杂机构存在的潜在失效，进一步提高了这个假体的可靠性。进一步的，本发明提供的假体只使用磁场力进行推动，交变磁场可在人体外，无需与假体第一套筒结构连接，无需暴露假体，无需有创手术，对人体无害，克服了现有技术中的假体安全性差的问题，更进一步的，本发明提供的假体制造和延长成本低，延长方式简单。总之，本发明的延长机制设计简单且效果很好。The prosthesis provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the prosthesis provided by the present invention is simple in design, only has a simple mechanical structure and size matching, so as to avoid the problem of complicated control caused by the mechanism powered by the power supply; secondly, the alternating magnetic field is located in the Outside the human body, there is no need to implant a power source (such as a power supply, a battery, etc.) in the human body, avoiding complications caused by an internal and external power supply that needs to be connected through the subcutaneous tissue. In addition, the external alternating magnetic field is easy to obtain and has high replacement, avoiding power source failure, such as battery exhaustion, damage to components in the power supply, avoiding potential failure of complex mechanisms, and further improving the reliability of the prosthesis. sex. Further, the prosthesis provided by the present invention only uses the magnetic field force to push, and the alternating magnetic field can be outside the human body, no need to connect with the first sleeve structure of the prosthesis, no need to expose the prosthesis, no need for invasive surgery, and no harm to the human body. The problem of poor safety of the prosthesis in the prior art is overcome, and further, the prosthesis provided by the present invention has low manufacturing and extension costs, and a simple extension method. In conclusion, the extension mechanism of the present invention is simple in design and works well.

在本发明中所述的“远端”、“远侧”是指靠近假体延伸方向的一侧；相应的，“近端”、“近侧”则是远离假体延伸方向的一侧。In the present invention, "distal end" and "distal side" refer to the side close to the extending direction of the prosthesis; correspondingly, "proximal end" and "proximal side" refer to the side away from the extending direction of the prosthesis.

下述实施例中为一种可控的延长股骨的假体，但是并不表示本发明的假体仅可应用于延长股骨的假体中，也可以用于延长胫骨的假体、延长尺骨的假体等。在本实施例中，所述外壳即为可延长股骨假体中的股骨箱部分，在本实施案例中制作成股骨关节，假体一端连接胫骨关节，假体另一端连接股骨嵌入段，其延长时可推动胫骨关节和股骨嵌入段分离。The following embodiment is a controllable femoral lengthening prosthesis, but it does not mean that the prosthesis of the present invention can only be applied to the femoral lengthening prosthesis etc. In this embodiment, the outer shell is the femoral box part of the extendable femoral prosthesis, which is made into a femoral joint in this embodiment. One end of the prosthesis is connected to the tibial joint, and the other end of the prosthesis is connected to the femoral embedded segment, which extends It can push the tibial joint and femoral insert to separate.

如图1所示，所述假体包括外壳10、第一套筒31、第二套筒32和第三套筒33，其中：所述第二套筒32被配置为相对于假体保持轴向相对静止；所述第二套筒32同轴套接于第一套筒31的外部；所述第一套筒31通过一限制组件与所述第三套筒33连接，所述第三套筒33从近端往远端延伸，且延伸出外壳10，所述限制组件限制所述第三套筒33围绕第二套筒32轴线的旋转；在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒32具有第一工作状态和第二工作状态，所述第二套筒32处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒32驱使所述第一套筒31延外壳10的轴向运动，所述第二套筒32处于第二工作状态时，所述第二套筒32使所述第一套筒31相对于第二套筒32保持轴向相对静止。在本实施例中，所述假体还包括螺纹轴20，所述螺纹轴20外部设有外螺纹，且与所述外壳10固定，所述第一套筒31同轴套接于所述螺纹轴20的外部，所述第一套筒31的内壁上具有和所述螺纹轴20外螺纹相匹配的内螺纹；所述第二套筒32处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒32驱动第一套筒31围绕第二套筒32的轴向旋转，进一步延第二套筒32的轴向移动。As shown in FIG. 1, the prosthesis includes ahousing 10, afirst sleeve 31, asecond sleeve 32 and athird sleeve 33, wherein: thesecond sleeve 32 is configured to retain the shaft relative to the prosthesis Thesecond sleeve 32 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of thefirst sleeve 31; thefirst sleeve 31 is connected to thethird sleeve 33 through a limiting component, and the third sleeve Thebarrel 33 extends from the proximal end to the distal end, and extends out of thehousing 10, and the limiting component limits the rotation of thethird sleeve 33 around the axis of thesecond sleeve 32; under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve Thebarrel 32 has a first working state and a second working state. When thesecond sleeve 32 is in the first working state, thesecond sleeve 32 drives thefirst sleeve 31 to move in the axial direction of thehousing 10 , When thesecond sleeve 32 is in the second working state, thesecond sleeve 32 keeps thefirst sleeve 31 relatively stationary relative to thesecond sleeve 32 in the axial direction. In this embodiment, the prosthesis further includes a threadedshaft 20, the threadedshaft 20 is provided with an external thread and is fixed to thehousing 10, and thefirst sleeve 31 is coaxially sleeved on the thread Outside theshaft 20, the inner wall of thefirst sleeve 31 has an inner thread that matches the outer thread of the threadedshaft 20; when thesecond sleeve 32 is in the first working state, thesecond sleeve 32 drives thefirst sleeve 31 to rotate around the axial direction of thesecond sleeve 32 , and further moves along the axial direction of thesecond sleeve 32 .

在本实施例中，所述第二套筒32不仅被布置为相对于所述外壳10保持轴向相对静止，而且可围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转。具体而言，所述假体还包括第四套筒34，第三推力球轴承53和第四推力球轴承54。所述第四套筒34位于所述第二套筒32的远端，且所述第四套筒34被配置为相对于所述外壳10保持轴向相对静止，所述第三推力球轴承53位于所述第二套筒32的近端与外壳之间，所述第四推力球轴承54位于第二套筒32与第四套筒34之间，以实现所述第二套筒32相对于所述外壳10保持轴向相对静止，且可以围绕第二套筒32的轴线旋转。In this embodiment, thesecond sleeve 32 is not only arranged to remain relatively stationary in the axial direction with respect to thehousing 10, but also to be rotatable about the axis of the second sleeve. Specifically, the prosthesis further includes afourth sleeve 34 , a thirdthrust ball bearing 53 and a fourththrust ball bearing 54 . Thefourth sleeve 34 is located at the distal end of thesecond sleeve 32 , and thefourth sleeve 34 is configured to remain relatively stationary in the axial direction with respect to thehousing 10 , and the thirdthrust ball bearing 53 The fourththrust ball bearing 54 is located between the proximal end of thesecond sleeve 32 and the housing, and the fourththrust ball bearing 54 is located between thesecond sleeve 32 and thefourth sleeve 34, so that thesecond sleeve 32 is relatively Thehousing 10 remains axially relatively stationary and is rotatable about the axis of thesecond sleeve 32 .

进一步，如图3所示，所述第二套筒32的外壁上具有多个第三凹槽323，所述第三凹槽323容置有永磁体。永磁体固定在第二套筒32的第三凹槽323里，为了避免晃动，也可以用胶水将永磁体粘结在所述第三凹槽323中。第三凹槽323可设计为开口向中心收缩，例如燕尾槽，使永磁体镶嵌在第三凹槽里。永磁铁的个数一般可以是4个或6个，均匀分布在同一平面上，且每个磁铁的磁化方向均平行于该平面，每个永磁体在特定的初始角度下同步旋转，旋转轴垂直圆面，保证在圆面中心处能形成恒定大小的旋转磁场。当第二套筒处于一体外永磁体源圆心处时，可以带动第二套筒32的转动。在本实施例中，所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒在交变磁场作用下，以一方向围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转，所述第二套筒处于第二工作状态时，所述第二套筒在交变磁场作用下，按照另一方向围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转。更具体，如图3所示，第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒逆时针围绕第二套筒轴线的旋转，驱动所述第一套筒延轴向向远端移动。这里“逆时针”和“顺时针”、“左侧”和“右侧”均是指从假体近端向远端的方向来观察。Further, as shown in FIG. 3 , the outer wall of thesecond sleeve 32 has a plurality ofthird grooves 323 , and thethird grooves 323 accommodate permanent magnets. The permanent magnet is fixed in thethird groove 323 of thesecond sleeve 32. In order to avoid shaking, the permanent magnet can also be bonded in thethird groove 323 with glue. Thethird groove 323 can be designed with the opening narrowed toward the center, such as a dovetail groove, so that the permanent magnet is embedded in the third groove. The number of permanent magnets can generally be 4 or 6, which are evenly distributed on the same plane, and the magnetization direction of each magnet is parallel to the plane. Each permanent magnet rotates synchronously at a specific initial angle, and the rotation axis is vertical. The circular surface ensures that a rotating magnetic field of constant magnitude can be formed at the center of the circular surface. When the second sleeve is at the center of the external permanent magnet source, the rotation of thesecond sleeve 32 can be driven. In this embodiment, when the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve rotates around the axis of the second sleeve in one direction under the action of the alternating magnetic field, and the second sleeve rotates around the axis of the second sleeve in one direction. When in the second working state, the second sleeve rotates around the axis of the second sleeve in another direction under the action of the alternating magnetic field. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , when the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve rotates counterclockwise around the axis of the second sleeve to drive the first sleeve axially to the distal end move. Here, "counterclockwise" and "clockwise", "left side" and "right side" refer to the direction viewed from the proximal end of the prosthesis to the distal end.

此外，所述第二套筒32的内壁上具有多个第一凹槽321和多个第二凹槽322，其中：所述第一凹槽321均沿第二套筒32的轴向延伸，所述第二凹槽322均沿第二套筒32的内壁周向延伸，优选，所述第二凹槽322与所述第一凹槽321垂直；每个所述第一凹槽321与多个所述第二凹槽322连通，且与所述第一凹槽321连通的多个所述第二凹槽322位于该第一凹槽321的同一侧。图3所示的第二套筒32中，第二凹槽322均布置在与之相连的第一凹槽321的右侧。相邻的第二凹槽之间沿轴向设置成相等的间距，这个间距是实际每次延长的间距，一般取0.8mm至1.2mm之间。或者根据儿童成长期特点规划第二凹槽之间的间距。In addition, the inner wall of thesecond sleeve 32 has a plurality offirst grooves 321 and a plurality ofsecond grooves 322, wherein: thefirst grooves 321 all extend along the axial direction of thesecond sleeve 32, Thesecond grooves 322 extend along the circumference of the inner wall of thesecond sleeve 32. Preferably, thesecond grooves 322 are perpendicular to thefirst grooves 321; Each of thesecond grooves 322 communicates with each other, and a plurality of thesecond grooves 322 communicating with thefirst groove 321 are located on the same side of thefirst groove 321 . In thesecond sleeve 32 shown in FIG. 3 , thesecond grooves 322 are all arranged on the right side of thefirst groove 321 connected thereto. The adjacent second grooves are set at an equal distance along the axial direction, and this distance is the actual distance for each extension, generally between 0.8mm and 1.2mm. Or plan the spacing between the second grooves according to the characteristics of the child's growth period.

如图2所示，所述第一套筒31的外壁具有多个凸耳311。所述凸耳311与所述第一凹槽321和所述第二凹槽322相匹配，以使所述第二套筒32处于第一工作状态时，所述凸耳311可以在第一凹槽321中轴向移动；所述第二套筒32处于第二工作状态时，所述凸耳311置于第二凹槽322中相对于第二套筒32保持轴向相对静止。这里“所述凸耳311与所述第一凹槽321和所述第二凹槽322相匹配”，是指所述的凸耳的形状和数量应与第一凹槽、第二凹槽的形状和数量相匹配，以使凸耳可以在第一凹槽中沿轴向自由移动，且可以容纳在第二凹槽中。优选的，凸耳形状相同且等间隔分布在第一套筒的外壁上。凸耳的轴向长度需略小于第二凹槽的轴向宽度，便于和第二凹槽的侧壁配合，承受轴向压力。As shown in FIG. 2 , the outer wall of thefirst sleeve 31 has a plurality oflugs 311 . Thelugs 311 are matched with thefirst grooves 321 and thesecond grooves 322, so that when thesecond sleeve 32 is in the first working state, thelugs 311 can be in the first groove. Thegroove 321 moves axially; when thesecond sleeve 32 is in the second working state, thelug 311 is placed in thesecond groove 322 and remains relatively stationary relative to thesecond sleeve 32 in the axial direction. Here, "thelugs 311 are matched with thefirst grooves 321 and thesecond grooves 322" means that the shape and number of the lugs should match those of the first groove and the second groove. The shape and number are matched so that the lugs can move freely axially in the first groove and can be received in the second groove. Preferably, the lugs have the same shape and are equally spaced on the outer wall of the first sleeve. The axial length of the lug needs to be slightly smaller than the axial width of the second groove, so as to fit with the side wall of the second groove and bear the axial pressure.

如图2所示，第一套筒31的内壁上具有内螺纹，与螺纹轴形成螺纹配合。在交变磁场的作用下，所述第一套筒31能够在交变磁场的作用下被驱动相对于所述螺纹轴20转动，以在轴向方向移动。这里的螺纹，优选设计成粗螺纹，梯形螺纹，以满足有一定的轴向承受力且在轴向螺纹运动中阻力相对较小的螺纹配合要求。As shown in FIG. 2 , the inner wall of thefirst sleeve 31 is provided with an internal thread, which forms a thread fit with the threaded shaft. Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, thefirst sleeve 31 can be driven to rotate relative to the threadedshaft 20 under the action of the alternating magnetic field to move in the axial direction. The thread here is preferably designed as a coarse thread and a trapezoidal thread, so as to meet the thread matching requirements of having a certain axial bearing force and relatively small resistance in the axial thread movement.

如图4所示，当交变磁场旋转时，第二套筒32在永磁体和交变磁场之间磁力的带动下逆时针旋转，此时如果凸耳311位于实线所示位置(第一凹槽321的近端)时，凸耳311与第一凹槽321左侧保持接触，使第一套筒31随着第二套筒32的转动而转动，第一套筒31的转动使其在螺纹轴20的螺纹连接的配合下沿轴向移动。当第一套筒31移动到第一凹槽321中与虚线位置同一水平线位置后，如果第一套筒31还需要进一步沿轴向移动，则所述假体继续暴露在交变磁场中，直到到达第一凹槽321中第一目标的位置。如果第一套筒31到达第一凹槽321中第一目标的位置，需要使第一套筒31与第二套筒32保持轴向相对静止。此时，改变交变磁场的旋转方向，由于第一套筒31、第二套筒32不再有接触关系，第一套筒31相对于外壳10保持静止，第二套筒32独自顺时针旋转，所述凸耳311进入第二凹槽322中，直至第二凹槽322与所述第一套筒31右侧接触。此时，第一套筒31在第二套筒32的驱动下，有向近端移动的趋势，但是为第二凹槽322近端侧壁所阻止。由此，实现了第一套筒31相对于第二套筒32保持轴向相对静止。于另外，在所述的假体中，所述第二凹槽322远离所述第一凹槽321的一端具有弹性体324，所述弹性体324对所述凸耳311施加径向作用力，以卡接所述凸耳311。弹性体一般使用小弹簧加梯形圆头机械件组成。利用弹性体的圆头压力挤压凸耳，避免在非正常延长条件下，外在干扰力源使凸耳311脱离第二凹槽322。As shown in FIG. 4 , when the alternating magnetic field rotates, thesecond sleeve 32 rotates counterclockwise under the driving of the magnetic force between the permanent magnet and the alternating magnetic field. the proximal end of the groove 321), thelug 311 keeps in contact with the left side of thefirst groove 321, so that thefirst sleeve 31 rotates with the rotation of thesecond sleeve 32, and the rotation of thefirst sleeve 31 makes thefirst sleeve 31 rotate. It moves in the axial direction under the cooperation of the threaded connection of the threadedshaft 20 . After thefirst sleeve 31 moves to the same horizontal line position as the dotted line position in thefirst groove 321, if thefirst sleeve 31 needs to move further in the axial direction, the prosthesis continues to be exposed to the alternating magnetic field until The position of the first target in thefirst groove 321 is reached. If thefirst sleeve 31 reaches the position of the first target in thefirst groove 321 , it is necessary to keep thefirst sleeve 31 and thesecond sleeve 32 relatively stationary in the axial direction. At this time, the rotation direction of the alternating magnetic field is changed. Since thefirst sleeve 31 and thesecond sleeve 32 are no longer in contact, thefirst sleeve 31 remains stationary relative to thehousing 10, and thesecond sleeve 32 rotates clockwise alone. , thelug 311 enters thesecond groove 322 until thesecond groove 322 contacts the right side of thefirst sleeve 31 . At this time, thefirst sleeve 31 tends to move toward the proximal end under the driving of thesecond sleeve 32 , but is prevented by the proximal side wall of thesecond groove 322 . Thus, it is achieved that thefirst sleeve 31 remains relatively stationary in the axial direction with respect to thesecond sleeve 32 . In addition, in the prosthesis, the end of thesecond groove 322 away from thefirst groove 321 has anelastic body 324, and theelastic body 324 exerts a radial force on thelug 311, to snap on thelugs 311 . Elastomers are generally composed of small springs and trapezoidal round head mechanical parts. Use the pressure of the round head of the elastic body to squeeze the lugs, so as to prevent thelugs 311 from detaching from thesecond grooves 322 due to an external interference force under abnormal extension conditions.

所述第二套筒被配置为可围绕第二套筒轴线的旋转；在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒顺时针围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转，驱动所述第一套筒延轴向向远端移动时，所述第二凹槽被布置于所述第一凹槽左侧；在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒逆时针围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转，驱动所述第一套筒延轴向向远端移动时，所述第二凹槽被布置于所述第一凹槽的右侧。The second sleeve is configured to be rotatable around the axis of the second sleeve; under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve rotates clockwise around the axis of the second sleeve to drive the first sleeve When the axis moves to the distal end, the second groove is arranged on the left side of the first groove; under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve rotates counterclockwise around the axis of the second sleeve , when the first sleeve is driven to move distally in the axial direction, the second groove is arranged on the right side of the first groove.

本实施例中，所述螺纹轴20容纳于所述第一套筒31的内部，并与所述第一套筒31螺纹连接。进一步，所述螺纹轴20远端延伸出所述第一套筒31，并延伸进入所述第三套筒33。为了使第一套筒31轴向移动，螺纹轴20必须相对于外壳10固定不动。具体而言，所述螺纹轴通过插销实现与所述外壳10固定。在本实施例中，所述假体还包括至少一个第一插销41，至少一个第四插销，所述第一插销41固定于所述螺纹轴的近端，且同时两端延伸与所述外壳10固定，所述第四插销固定于所述螺纹轴20的远端，且同时两端延伸通过所述第三套筒33后与外壳10固定，以使所述螺纹轴20与所述外壳10固定。显然，所述第三套筒在第四插销与所述第三套筒连接处设有一轴向延伸的凹槽，以便于所述第三套筒轴向移动。此外，优选，第四插销延伸通过第四套筒34后方与外壳10固定连接，所以第四插销在固定螺纹轴20的同时也使第四套筒34与外壳10固定连接。In this embodiment, the threadedshaft 20 is accommodated inside thefirst sleeve 31 and is threadedly connected to thefirst sleeve 31 . Further, the distal end of the threadedshaft 20 extends out of thefirst sleeve 31 and extends into thethird sleeve 33 . In order to move thefirst sleeve 31 axially, the threadedshaft 20 must be immobile relative to thehousing 10 . Specifically, the threaded shaft is fixed to thehousing 10 through a bolt. In this embodiment, the prosthesis further includes at least onefirst plug 41 and at least one fourth plug, thefirst plug 41 is fixed to the proximal end of the threaded shaft, and at the same time both ends extend to thehousing 10 is fixed, the fourth pin is fixed on the distal end of the threadedshaft 20, and at the same time both ends extend through thethird sleeve 33 and then fixed with thecasing 10, so that the threadedshaft 20 and thecasing 10 fixed. Obviously, the third sleeve is provided with an axially extending groove at the connection between the fourth plug and the third sleeve, so as to facilitate the axial movement of the third sleeve. In addition, preferably, the fourth plug extends through the rear of thefourth sleeve 34 to be fixedly connected to thehousing 10 , so the fourth plug also fixes thefourth sleeve 34 to thehousing 10 while fixing the threadedshaft 20 .

在本实施例中，所述限制件包括端盖80，第一推力球轴承51，第二推力球轴承52和第三插销43。所述第一推力球轴承51，第二推力球轴承52位于所述第一套筒31的远端。所述端盖80位于所述第一推力球轴承51，第二推力球轴承52的远端，且与所述第一套筒31可拆卸连接，以使所述第一推力球轴承51，第二推力球轴承52相对于第一套筒31保持轴向相对静止。这里的推力球轴承可以是单向推力球轴承，也可以是双向推力球轴承。所述第三套筒33与所述第一套筒31连接端的端部具有一外凸缘331，形成类似法兰盘结构。所述外凸缘331位于所述第一推力球轴承51，第二推力球轴承52之间。所述第三套筒33的外壁上具有一轴向延伸的第四凹槽332，所述第三插销43穿过所述第四凹槽332，并两端延伸与所述外壳固定连接。这样，当所述第一套筒31做旋转运动时，所述第三套筒33仍然保持静止；同时，当所述第一套筒31做轴向运动时，所述第三套筒33被所述第一套筒31驱动做轴向移动。本领域技术人员应发现这里第三插销43也可以同时固定所述螺纹轴20。因此，从简化假体结构的角度出发，第三插销43和第四插销可以只选用其一。如图5所示的第一套筒31的远端具有外螺纹。所述端盖80为筒状物。所述端盖80的内腔具有与所述第一套筒31的外螺纹相匹配的内螺纹。所述端盖80的远端端部设有一挡板，以阻止第一推力球轴承51，第二推力球轴承52轴向移动。所述挡板具有一通孔，以使所述第三套筒33通过。在另外一个实施例中，所述限制件包括端盖80，双向推力球轴承。所述双向推力球轴承的轴圈与所述第三套筒33固定连接，其余与上述实施例类似。In this embodiment, the limiting member includes anend cover 80 , a firstthrust ball bearing 51 , a secondthrust ball bearing 52 and athird bolt 43 . The firstthrust ball bearing 51 and the secondthrust ball bearing 52 are located at the distal end of thefirst sleeve 31 . Theend cover 80 is located at the distal ends of the firstthrust ball bearing 51 and the secondthrust ball bearing 52, and is detachably connected to thefirst sleeve 31, so that the firstthrust ball bearing 51, the first The twothrust ball bearings 52 remain relatively stationary in the axial direction relative to thefirst sleeve 31 . The thrust ball bearing here can be a one-way thrust ball bearing or a two-way thrust ball bearing. The end of the connecting end of thethird sleeve 33 and thefirst sleeve 31 has anouter flange 331 to form a flange-like structure. Theouter flange 331 is located between the firstthrust ball bearing 51 and the secondthrust ball bearing 52 . An axially extendingfourth groove 332 is formed on the outer wall of thethird sleeve 33 , and thethird plug 43 passes through thefourth groove 332 and extends at both ends to be fixedly connected to the housing. In this way, when thefirst sleeve 31 performs a rotational movement, thethird sleeve 33 remains stationary; at the same time, when thefirst sleeve 31 performs an axial movement, thethird sleeve 33 is moved Thefirst sleeve 31 is driven to move axially. Those skilled in the art should find that thethird bolt 43 can also fix the threadedshaft 20 at the same time. Therefore, from the viewpoint of simplifying the structure of the prosthesis, only one of thethird plug 43 and the fourth plug can be selected. The distal end of thefirst sleeve 31 as shown in FIG. 5 has external threads. Theend cap 80 is a cylindrical object. The inner cavity of theend cap 80 has an inner thread matching the outer thread of thefirst sleeve 31 . The distal end of theend cover 80 is provided with a baffle plate to prevent the firstthrust ball bearing 51 and the second thrust ball bearing 52 from moving axially. The baffle plate has a through hole to allow thethird sleeve 33 to pass through. In another embodiment, the limiting member includes anend cap 80, a bidirectional thrust ball bearing. The shaft washer of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing is fixedly connected with thethird sleeve 33 , and the rest is similar to the above embodiment.

进一步，所述第三套筒至少远端的形状为棱柱形。所述假体还包括第五套筒35，所述第五套筒35位于所述外壳10的远端，且与外壳10固定连接，所述第五套筒35具有一第一内腔，至少部分所述第一内腔具有与所述第三套筒33的远端形状相匹配的形状，以进一步限制第三套筒33发生旋转运动。本实施例中，所述假体还包括多个第二插销42，所述第五套筒位于所述第四套筒的远端，且所述第五套筒的外壁与外壳之间设有第五凹槽(图中未示出)，所述第四插销插入所述第五凹槽，以限制所述第五套筒围绕轴线旋转。Further, the shape of at least the distal end of the third sleeve is prismatic. The prosthesis further includes afifth sleeve 35, thefifth sleeve 35 is located at the distal end of theouter casing 10 and is fixedly connected with theouter casing 10, thefifth sleeve 35 has a first inner cavity, at least Part of the first lumen has a shape that matches the shape of the distal end of thethird sleeve 33 to further limit the rotational movement of thethird sleeve 33 . In this embodiment, the prosthesis further includes a plurality ofsecond pins 42, the fifth sleeve is located at the distal end of the fourth sleeve, and the outer wall of the fifth sleeve and the outer casing are provided with A fifth groove (not shown in the figure), the fourth plug is inserted into the fifth groove, so as to limit the rotation of the fifth sleeve around the axis.

最后，所述假体还包括壳帽90，所述壳帽90位于所述外壳的远端，并压紧在所述第五套筒35上，以使所述第二套筒32、所述第四套筒34和所述第五套筒35在轴向上与所述外壳10保持相对静止；所述壳帽90与所述外壳10为可拆卸连接，使所述第二套筒、所述第四套筒和所述第五套筒在轴向上与所述外壳保持相对静止，所述壳帽90具有一第二内腔，以使所述第三套筒33通过所述第二内腔并向所述壳帽90的远端延伸。所述壳帽90的具体结构以及与所述外壳10的配合关系，可以参考端盖80的结构以及端盖80与第一套筒31的配合关系。所述外壳10的材料为聚醚醚酮材料。外壳的材料为聚醚醚酮材料，聚醚醚酮材料具有良好的生物相容性，具备抗化学腐蚀的能力。Finally, the prosthesis further includes ashell cap 90, which is located at the distal end of the shell and is pressed on thefifth sleeve 35, so that thesecond sleeve 32, the Thefourth sleeve 34 and thefifth sleeve 35 are kept relatively stationary with thecasing 10 in the axial direction; thecasing cap 90 and thecasing 10 are detachably connected, so that the second sleeve, the The fourth sleeve and the fifth sleeve are kept relatively stationary with the casing in the axial direction, and thecasing cap 90 has a second inner cavity, so that thethird sleeve 33 can pass through the second casing. The lumen extends toward the distal end of thecap 90 . For the specific structure of theshell cap 90 and the matching relationship with thehousing 10 , reference may be made to the structure of theend cover 80 and the matching relationship between theend cover 80 and thefirst sleeve 31 . The material of thecasing 10 is polyetheretherketone material. The material of the shell is polyetheretherketone material, and the polyetheretherketone material has good biocompatibility and chemical corrosion resistance.

在本发明中，在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒具有第一工作状态和第二工作状态，所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒驱使所述第一套筒延所述外壳的轴向移动，所述第二套筒处于第二工作状态时，所述第二套筒使所述第一套筒相对于所述第二套筒保持轴向相对静止。延长机制设计简单且效果很好，避免了复杂机构存在的潜在失效。In the present invention, under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve has a first working state and a second working state, and when the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve drives the The first sleeve moves along the axial direction of the housing, and when the second sleeve is in the second working state, the second sleeve makes the first sleeve hold the shaft relative to the second sleeve relatively stationary. The extension mechanism is simple in design and works well, avoiding the potential failure of complex mechanisms.

本发明一个优选实施例中，第二套筒32内壁的第一凹槽321和第二凹槽322的结构设计，即多个第二凹槽322只处于第一凹槽321的同一侧，当第二套筒32顺时针或逆时针旋转时，与第一套筒31能产生两种不同的配合，即一种是使第一套筒31旋转前进，即向外延长，一种是第一套筒31上的凸耳311卡在第二凹槽322中而相对静止。第一凹槽321和第二凹槽322与凸耳311的两种不同配合关系还有一个重要作用是保护了第一套筒31与螺纹轴20的螺纹配合，将轴向压力转嫁到凸耳311和第二凹槽322的配合关系中，防止在实际应用中的轴向压力对螺纹的破坏。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structural design of thefirst groove 321 and thesecond groove 322 on the inner wall of thesecond sleeve 32 is that the plurality ofsecond grooves 322 are only located on the same side of thefirst groove 321. When When thesecond sleeve 32 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, it can produce two different cooperations with thefirst sleeve 31, namely, one is to make thefirst sleeve 31 rotate forward, that is, to extend outward, and the other is to make thefirst sleeve 31 rotate forward. Thelugs 311 on thesleeve 31 are stuck in thesecond grooves 322 and are relatively stationary. Another important function of the two different matching relationships between thefirst groove 321 and thesecond groove 322 and thelug 311 is to protect the threaded cooperation between thefirst sleeve 31 and the threadedshaft 20, and transfer the axial pressure to the lug. In the mating relationship between 311 and thesecond groove 322, the thread is prevented from being damaged by the axial pressure in practical application.

本发明一个优选实施例中，利用第二凹槽322内的弹性体对凸耳311的弹性压力避免在非正常延长情况下，外界干扰使第一套筒31转动，破坏假体内延长机制。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elastic pressure of the elastic body in thesecond groove 322 on thelugs 311 is used to prevent external interference from rotating thefirst sleeve 31 and destroying the extension mechanism in the prosthesis under abnormal extension conditions.

本发明的一个优选实施例中，第一凹槽321和第二凹槽322设计为相邻的第二凹槽322之间的中心线距离相等，此设计可以实现精确延长。同时，第一套筒31和螺纹轴20采用螺纹配合的形式，可以使延长的过程延长速度均匀，在实际应用中防止瞬间延长对患者的身体伤害，更加人性化，设计合理。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, thefirst grooves 321 and thesecond grooves 322 are designed so that the centerline distances between the adjacentsecond grooves 322 are equal, and this design can achieve precise extension. At the same time, thefirst sleeve 31 and the threadedshaft 20 adopt the form of threaded cooperation, which can make the lengthening process even at the speed of extension, and prevent the physical injury of the patient from the instantaneous extension in practical application, which is more user-friendly and reasonable in design.

本发明的一个优选实施例中，第三套筒33的多边形外壁设计既满足了轴向移动的要求，又有效的防止其旋转，避免了旋转造成假体外骨链接结构，例如股骨嵌入段的破坏。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polygonal outer wall design of thethird sleeve 33 not only satisfies the requirement of axial movement, but also effectively prevents its rotation, thereby avoiding the damage of the bone link structure outside the prosthesis caused by the rotation, such as the femoral embedded segment .

本发明的假体组装延长过程为：首先，将第一套筒31与螺纹轴20螺纹配合，在端盖80内装上第一推力球轴承51、第二推力球轴承52和第三套筒33，然后将端盖80螺纹连接配合到第一套筒31上。The prosthesis assembly and extension process of the present invention is as follows: first, thefirst sleeve 31 is screwed with the threadedshaft 20 , and the firstthrust ball bearing 51 , the secondthrust ball bearing 52 and thethird sleeve 33 are installed in theend cover 80 , and then screw theend cap 80 to thefirst sleeve 31 .

其次，第二套筒32包括多个永磁体，可以用硅胶将永磁体粘在第二套筒的第三凹槽323内，需要注意的是，与第三凹槽323接触的应是永磁体的同一磁极。Secondly, thesecond sleeve 32 includes a plurality of permanent magnets, and the permanent magnets can be glued into thethird groove 323 of the second sleeve with silica gel. It should be noted that the permanent magnets should be in contact with thethird groove 323 the same magnetic pole.

然后，外壳10中依次装入第三推力球轴承53、第二套筒32、第四推力球轴承54和第四套筒34，将最初步骤中装配好的第一套筒31以凸耳311置于第二套筒32的第一凹槽321中的方式置于第二套筒32中，然后装配在外壳10内，要使螺纹轴20的近端抵到外壳的近端，使螺纹轴20近端端部的卡槽与外壳底部的通孔对齐，使第一插销41插进通孔固定住螺纹轴20，在第一套筒31装配的同时，用第三插销43配合固定螺纹轴20的另一端，其中第三插销43要通过第三套筒33的第四凹槽332中。Then, the thirdthrust ball bearing 53 , thesecond sleeve 32 , the fourththrust ball bearing 54 and thefourth sleeve 34 are sequentially installed in thehousing 10 , and thefirst sleeve 31 assembled in the initial step is replaced by thelugs 311 It is placed in thesecond sleeve 32 by placing it in thefirst groove 321 of thesecond sleeve 32, and then assembled in thehousing 10, so that the proximal end of the threadedshaft 20 abuts against the proximal end of the housing, so that the threadedshaft 20. The slot at the proximal end is aligned with the through hole at the bottom of the casing, so that thefirst plug 41 is inserted into the through hole to fix the threadedshaft 20. While thefirst sleeve 31 is assembled, thethird plug 43 is used to fix the threaded shaft. 20 , wherein thethird plug 43 is to pass through thefourth groove 332 of thethird sleeve 33 .

然后，把第五套筒35配合套在第三套筒33上，第五套筒35的外表面与外壳10之间形成的第五凹槽，插上第二插销42，最后合上壳帽90。Then, fit thefifth sleeve 35 on thethird sleeve 33, insert thesecond pin 42 into the fifth groove formed between the outer surface of thefifth sleeve 35 and thecasing 10, and finally close thecasing cap 90.

外壳10的两端应接链接肌体的组件，其中连接肌体的组件主要是主要是骨干和铰链基座，组件材料选用生物相容性好的钛合金材料。The two ends of theshell 10 should be connected to the components connecting the body, wherein the components connecting the body are mainly the backbone and the hinge base, and the components are made of titanium alloy material with good biocompatibility.

最后，当已植入人体的假体需要延长时，将肢体放在体外永磁铁力源中心处，通过X光等辅助视觉观察，当第二套筒32获得力源给予的一个转动方向力时，第一套筒31随第二套筒32一起转动，使得第一套筒31轴向前进，进而推动第三套筒33轴向前进，假体延长；当通过视觉观察得第一套筒31达到规定长度后，体外永磁铁力源给予反向力，第二套筒32反向转动，第一套筒31相对箱体静止，则第一套筒31的凸耳311将相对第二套筒32运动至第二套筒32的第二凹槽322内，待凸耳311与第二凹槽322接触卡死后则停止外力源，一次延长结束。Finally, when the implanted prosthesis needs to be extended, place the limb at the center of the external permanent magnet force source, and use X-rays to assist visual observation. When thesecond sleeve 32 obtains a rotational direction force given by the force source , thefirst sleeve 31 rotates with thesecond sleeve 32, so that thefirst sleeve 31 advances axially, and then pushes thethird sleeve 33 to advance axially, and the prosthesis is extended; when thefirst sleeve 31 is visually observed After reaching the specified length, the external permanent magnet force source will give a reverse force, thesecond sleeve 32 will rotate in the reverse direction, and thefirst sleeve 31 will be stationary relative to the box, then thelugs 311 of thefirst sleeve 31 will be opposite to the second sleeve. 32 moves into thesecond groove 322 of thesecond sleeve 32, and after thelug 311 and thesecond groove 322 are stuck in contact, the external force source is stopped, and one extension ends.

本发明实现了假体延长过程的无创性，避免了二次手术或皮层植入式的假体给患者带来的并发症。实现了假体延长的精确性，目前存在的延长假体无法可靠的知道实际延长的真实长度，本发明结合了实际要求，合理的设计出可延长且每次延长长度确定的假体。The invention realizes the non-invasiveness of the prosthesis extension process, and avoids the complications brought to the patient by the second operation or the cortical implanted prosthesis. The accuracy of the prosthesis extension is achieved. The existing extension prosthesis cannot reliably know the actual length of the actual extension. The present invention combines the actual requirements and reasonably designs a prosthesis that can be extended and the length of each extension is determined.

综上，上述实施例对假体的不同构型进行了详细说明，当然，本发明包括但不局限于上述实施中所列举的构型，任何在上述实施例提供的构型基础上进行变换的内容，均属于本发明所保护的范围。本领域技术人员可以根据上述实施例的内容举一反三。To sum up, the above embodiments have described different configurations of the prosthesis in detail. Of course, the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the configurations listed in the above embodiments. content, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can draw inferences from the contents of the foregoing embodiments.

本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。上述描述仅是对本发明较佳实施例的描述，并非对本发明范围的任何限定，本发明领域的普通技术人员根据上述揭示内容做的任何变更、修饰，均属于权利要求书的保护范围。The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any changes and modifications made by those of ordinary skill in the field of the present invention based on the above disclosure all belong to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (11)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种假体，其特征在于，所述假体包括外壳、容纳于所述外壳的第一套筒、第二套筒和第三套筒，其中：1. A prosthesis, characterized in that the prosthesis comprises a housing, a first sleeve, a second sleeve and a third sleeve accommodated in the housing, wherein:所述第二套筒被配置为相对于所述外壳保持轴向相对静止；the second sleeve is configured to remain axially relatively stationary with respect to the housing;所述第二套筒同轴套接于第一套筒的外部；the second sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the first sleeve;所述第一套筒通过一限制组件与所述第三套筒连接，所述第三套筒从近端往远端延伸，且延伸出外壳，所述限制组件限制所述第三套筒围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转；The first sleeve is connected to the third sleeve through a restriction assembly, the third sleeve extends from the proximal end to the distal end, and extends out of the housing, and the restriction assembly restricts the third sleeve to surround The axis of the second sleeve rotates;在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒具有第一工作状态和第二工作状态，所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒驱使所述第一套筒沿所述外壳的轴向移动，所述第二套筒处于第二工作状态时，所述第二套筒使所述第一套筒相对于所述第二套筒保持轴向相对静止；Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve has a first working state and a second working state, and when the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve drives the first sleeve Moving along the axial direction of the housing, when the second sleeve is in the second working state, the second sleeve keeps the first sleeve relatively stationary relative to the second sleeve in the axial direction;所述第二套筒的外壁上具有多个第三凹槽，所述第三凹槽容置有永磁体，用于与体外永磁铁力源产生的交变磁场作用，获得驱动所述第二套筒的作用力；There are a plurality of third grooves on the outer wall of the second sleeve, and the third grooves accommodate permanent magnets for interacting with the alternating magnetic field generated by the external permanent magnet force source to obtain the driving of the second sleeve. The force of the sleeve;所述第二套筒被布置为围绕第二套筒轴线的旋转；the second sleeve is arranged for rotation about the second sleeve axis;所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒在交变磁场作用下，以一方向围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转；When the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve rotates around the axis of the second sleeve in one direction under the action of the alternating magnetic field;所述第二套筒处于第二状态时，所述第二套筒在交变磁场作用下，以另一方向围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转；When the second sleeve is in the second state, the second sleeve rotates around the axis of the second sleeve in another direction under the action of the alternating magnetic field;所述第一套筒的外壁具有多个凸耳，所述第二套筒的内壁上具有多个第一凹槽和多个第二凹槽，其中：The outer wall of the first sleeve has a plurality of lugs, and the inner wall of the second sleeve has a plurality of first grooves and a plurality of second grooves, wherein:所述第一凹槽均沿轴向延伸，所述第二凹槽均沿周向延伸；The first grooves all extend in the axial direction, and the second grooves all extend in the circumferential direction;每个所述第一凹槽与多个所述第二凹槽连通，且与所述第一凹槽连通的多个所述第二凹槽位于该第一凹槽的同一侧；Each of the first grooves communicates with a plurality of the second grooves, and the plurality of the second grooves communicated with the first grooves are located on the same side of the first groove;所述凸耳与所述第一凹槽和所述第二凹槽相匹配，以使所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述凸耳在第一凹槽中轴向移动；所述第二套筒处于第二工作状态时，所述凸耳置于第二凹槽中相对于所述第二凹槽保持轴向相对静止。the lug is matched with the first groove and the second groove, so that when the second sleeve is in the first working state, the lug moves axially in the first groove; When the second sleeve is in the second working state, the lug is placed in the second groove to keep axially relatively stationary relative to the second groove.2.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，2. The prosthesis of claim 1, wherein所述第二套筒被配置为围绕第二套筒轴线的旋转；the second sleeve is configured for rotation about the second sleeve axis;在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒顺时针围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转，驱动所述第一套筒沿轴向向远端移动时，所述第二凹槽被布置于所述第一凹槽左侧；Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve rotates clockwise around the axis of the second sleeve, and when the first sleeve is driven to move distally in the axial direction, the second groove is arranged in the the left side of the first groove;在交变磁场作用下，所述第二套筒逆时针围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转，驱动所述第一套筒沿轴向向远端移动时，所述第二凹槽被布置于所述第一凹槽的右侧。Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the second sleeve rotates counterclockwise around the axis of the second sleeve, and when the first sleeve is driven to move distally in the axial direction, the second groove is arranged in the the right side of the first groove.3.如权利要求1或2所述的假体，其特征在于，所述第二凹槽远离所述第一凹槽的一端具有弹性体，所述弹性体用于卡接所述凸耳。3 . The prosthesis according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein an end of the second groove away from the first groove has an elastic body, and the elastic body is used for clamping the lug. 4 .4.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述假体还包括螺纹轴，4. The prosthesis of claim 1, further comprising a threaded shaft,所述螺纹轴外部设有外螺纹，且与所述外壳固定，所述第一套筒同轴套接于所述螺纹轴的外部，所述第一套筒的内壁上具有和所述螺纹轴外螺纹相匹配的内螺纹；The threaded shaft is provided with an external thread and is fixed to the housing, the first sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the threaded shaft, and the inner wall of the first sleeve is provided with the threaded shaft Internal thread matched with external thread;所述第二套筒处于第一工作状态时，所述第二套筒驱动第一套筒围绕第二套筒的轴线旋转，进而沿轴向移动。When the second sleeve is in the first working state, the second sleeve drives the first sleeve to rotate around the axis of the second sleeve, thereby moving in the axial direction.5.如权利要求4所述的假体，其特征在于，所述螺纹轴远端延伸出所述第一套筒，并延伸进入所述第三套筒，所述假体还包括至少一个第一插销，至少一个第四插销，所述第一插销固定于所述螺纹轴的近端，且同时第一插销的两端延伸与所述外壳固定，至少一个所述第四插销固定于所述螺纹轴的远端，且同时第四插销的两端延伸通过所述第三套筒后与外壳固定，以使所述螺纹轴与所述外壳固定。5. The prosthesis of claim 4, wherein the distal end of the threaded shaft extends out of the first sleeve and into the third sleeve, the prosthesis further comprising at least one first sleeve A plug, at least one fourth plug, the first plug is fixed to the proximal end of the threaded shaft, and at the same time both ends of the first plug are extended to be fixed to the housing, at least one fourth plug is fixed to the The distal end of the threaded shaft and at the same time both ends of the fourth plug extend through the third sleeve and are fixed to the housing, so that the threaded shaft is fixed to the housing.6.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述限制组件包括端盖，第一推力球轴承，第二推力球轴承和第三插销，6. The prosthesis of claim 1, wherein the restraint assembly comprises an end cap, a first thrust ball bearing, a second thrust ball bearing and a third latch,所述第一推力球轴承，第二推力球轴承位于所述第一套筒的远端端部，所述端盖位于所述第一推力球轴承和第二推力球轴承的远端，且与所述第一套筒可拆卸固定连接，以使所述第一推力球轴承和第二推力球轴承相对于第一套筒保持轴向相对静止；The first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing are located at the distal end of the first sleeve, and the end cover is located at the distal end of the first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing, and is connected to the distal end of the first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing. The first sleeve is detachably and fixedly connected, so that the first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing are axially relatively stationary with respect to the first sleeve;所述第三套筒与所述第一套筒连接端的端部具有一外凸缘，所述外凸缘位于所述第一推力球轴承和第二推力球轴承之间；The end of the connecting end of the third sleeve and the first sleeve has an outer flange, and the outer flange is located between the first thrust ball bearing and the second thrust ball bearing;所述第三套筒具有一轴向延伸的第四凹槽，所述第三插销穿过所述第四凹槽，且所述第三插销的两端延伸与所述外壳固定连接。The third sleeve has an axially extending fourth groove, the third plug passes through the fourth groove, and two ends of the third plug extend and are fixedly connected to the housing.7.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述限制组件包括端盖，双向推力球轴承和第三插销，7. The prosthesis of claim 1, wherein the restraint assembly includes an end cap, a two-way thrust ball bearing, and a third latch,所述双向推力球轴承位于所述第一套筒的远端端部，所述端盖位于所述双向推力球轴承的远端，且与所述第一套筒可拆卸连接，以使所述双向推力球轴承相对于第一套筒保持轴向相对静止；The two-way thrust ball bearing is located at the distal end of the first sleeve, the end cover is located at the distal end of the two-way thrust ball bearing, and is detachably connected with the first sleeve, so that the The two-way thrust ball bearing keeps the axial relative stationary relative to the first sleeve;所述第三套筒与所述双向推力球轴承的轴圈固定连接；the third sleeve is fixedly connected with the shaft washer of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing;所述第三套筒具有第四凹槽，所述第三插销穿过所述第四凹槽，且所述第三插销的两端延伸与所述外壳固定连接。The third sleeve has a fourth groove, the third plug passes through the fourth groove, and both ends of the third plug extend and are fixedly connected to the housing.8.如权利要求6或7所述的假体，其特征在于，所述第三套筒至少远端的形状为棱柱形，所述假体还包括容纳于所述外壳中的第五套筒，所述第五套筒位于所述外壳的远端，且与外壳固定连接，所述第五套筒具有一第一内腔，至少部分所述第一内腔具有与所述第三套筒的远端形状相匹配的形状，以限制第三套筒发生旋转。8. The prosthesis of claim 6 or 7, wherein at least the distal end of the third sleeve is prismatic in shape, the prosthesis further comprising a fifth sleeve received in the housing , the fifth sleeve is located at the distal end of the outer casing and is fixedly connected to the outer casing, the fifth sleeve has a first inner cavity, and at least part of the first inner cavity has a connection with the third sleeve The shape of the distal end matches the shape to limit the rotation of the third sleeve.9.如权利要求8所述的假体，其特征在于，所述假体还包括多个第二插销，所述第五套筒的外壁与外壳之间设有至少一个轴向延伸的第五凹槽，所述第二插销插入所述第五凹槽，以限制所述第五套筒围绕轴线旋转。9 . The prosthesis of claim 8 , wherein the prosthesis further comprises a plurality of second pins, and at least one axially extending fifth pin is disposed between the outer wall of the fifth sleeve and the outer shell. 10 . a groove, and the second plug is inserted into the fifth groove to limit the rotation of the fifth sleeve around the axis.10.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述假体还包括第四套筒，第三推力球轴承和第四推力球轴承，10. The prosthesis of claim 1, wherein the prosthesis further comprises a fourth sleeve, a third thrust ball bearing and a fourth thrust ball bearing,所述第四套筒位于容纳于所述外壳，所述第二套筒的远端，且所述第四套筒被配置为相对于所述外壳保持轴向相对静止，所述第三推力球轴承位于所述第二套筒与外壳之间，所述第四推力球轴承位于第二套筒与第四套筒之间，以实现所述第二套筒相对于所述外壳保持轴向相对静止，且围绕第二套筒轴线旋转。The fourth sleeve is accommodated in the housing, the distal end of the second sleeve, and the fourth sleeve is configured to remain axially relatively stationary with respect to the housing, the third thrust ball A bearing is located between the second sleeve and the housing, and the fourth thrust ball bearing is located between the second sleeve and the fourth sleeve, so that the second sleeve is axially opposite to the housing stationary and rotating about the second sleeve axis.11.如权利要求10所述的假体，其特征在于，所述假体还包括第五套筒，壳帽，所述第五套筒容纳于所述外壳，且位于所述第四套筒的远端，所述壳帽位于所述外壳的远端，与所述外壳为可拆卸连接，使所述第二套筒、所述第四套筒和所述第五套筒在轴向上与所述外壳保持相对静止；所述壳帽具有第二内腔，以使所述第三套筒通过所述第二内腔并向所述壳帽的远端延伸。11 . The prosthesis of claim 10 , wherein the prosthesis further comprises a fifth sleeve and a shell cap, the fifth sleeve is accommodated in the outer shell and located at the fourth sleeve. 12 . The shell cap is located at the distal end of the shell, and is detachably connected with the shell, so that the second sleeve, the fourth sleeve and the fifth sleeve are axially Remaining relatively stationary with the outer shell; the shell cap has a second lumen such that the third sleeve extends through the second lumen and toward the distal end of the shell cap.

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