技术领域technical field
本发明涉及计算机网络以及计算机软件技术领域，特别涉及一种向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的方法和系统。The invention relates to the technical field of computer network and computer software, in particular to a method and system for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card.
背景技术Background technique
数字货币是将现金数值转换为一系列电子加密序列数的货币，币本身的安全性依赖于密码算法来保护。在密码算法方面，数字货币系统安全性涉及到对称密码、非对称密码、报文摘要算法和基于身份的密码体制，在系统实现方面必须深入考虑密码系统的总体安全性、密码算法的选择、密码算法的实现、交互协议的设计、国际、国内标准的兼容性等，保证数字货币的交易安全。Digital currency is a currency that converts cash values into a series of electronically encrypted serial numbers. The security of the currency itself depends on cryptographic algorithms for protection. In terms of cryptographic algorithms, the security of digital currency systems involves symmetric ciphers, asymmetric ciphers, message digest algorithms, and identity-based cryptographic systems. In terms of system implementation, the overall security of cryptographic systems, the selection of cryptographic algorithms, and cryptographic algorithms must be deeply considered. The implementation of algorithms, the design of interactive protocols, the compatibility of international and domestic standards, etc., ensure the security of digital currency transactions.
随着移动互联网的发展普及，移动支付产业快速变革推进，基于移动互联网、NFC、HCE、Token、生物识别等各类技术的业务模式不断创新，应用场景不断拓展丰富，线上、线下业务一体化发展加速。移动支付新技术为用户提供多元化便捷支付服务的同时，也引领着通信、金融、互联网等行业转型升级发展。移动支付广阔发展前景已成为全产业的广泛共识，移动支付被认为是连接线上线下的重要切入口。数字货币的交易系统应以移动支付为核心进行业务模式设计。With the development and popularization of the mobile Internet, the mobile payment industry is rapidly changing and advancing. Business models based on various technologies such as mobile Internet, NFC, HCE, Token, and biometrics are constantly innovating, and the application scenarios are constantly expanding and enriching. Online and offline businesses are integrated. accelerated development. While the new mobile payment technology provides users with diversified and convenient payment services, it also leads the transformation and upgrading of communication, finance, Internet and other industries. The broad development prospect of mobile payment has become a broad consensus of the whole industry, and mobile payment is considered to be an important entry point connecting online and offline. The digital currency transaction system should be designed with mobile payment as the core business model.
在移动支付业务模式下，数字货币的密钥存储载体可由硬件SE模块(安全模块)、HCE以及TEE来提供。硬件SE由于其所提供的安全计算环境受到了金融交易领域的认可，在目前的借贷记卡片、电子现金中得到广泛应用，具有广泛的用户基础、良好的受理环境和使用习惯。随着移动支付技术不断发展，SE模块形态也发生了很多变化，新的解决方案不断实践。In the mobile payment business model, the key storage carrier of digital currency can be provided by hardware SE module (security module), HCE and TEE. Hardware SE has been recognized by the field of financial transactions due to the secure computing environment it provides, and is widely used in current debit cards and electronic cash, and has a wide user base, good acceptance environment and usage habits. With the continuous development of mobile payment technology, many changes have taken place in the form of SE modules, and new solutions are constantly being practiced.
在交易受理终端(POS机)和支付工具(如卡片、手机之间)的数据传输通道上，目前存在多种传输方式：RF射频通信、短信、扫码、声波、光子，多种方式的并存为支付载体间的通信提供了便利。In the data transmission channel between the transaction acceptance terminal (POS machine) and payment tools (such as cards and mobile phones), there are currently multiple transmission methods: RF radio frequency communication, SMS, code scanning, sound waves, photons, and the coexistence of multiple methods Provides convenience for communication between payment carriers.
在认证方式上，可分为基于口令的认证、基于口令+智能卡的认证、基于生物特征(指纹、人脸)的认证。其中口令、生物特征的认证多用于远场支付，智能卡认证多用于近场支付。In terms of authentication methods, it can be divided into password-based authentication, password-based + smart card authentication, and biometric (fingerprint, face)-based authentication. Among them, password and biometric authentication are mostly used for far-field payment, and smart card authentication is mostly used for near-field payment.
云计算是未来后台服务器端的主流方向，数字货币的后台系统应采用基于云的解决方案。Cloud computing is the mainstream direction of the back-end server in the future, and the back-end system of digital currency should adopt a cloud-based solution.
在电子商务活动中，因角色不同，对数字货币的要求也不同：客户要求数字货币使用方便，存储安全且具有匿名性；商家要求数字货币具有可认证性，且能兑换成真实的货币；银行则要求数字货币不能被非法使用和伪造，因此，数字货币D-RMB应具有以下特征：In e-commerce activities, due to different roles, the requirements for digital currency are also different: customers require digital currency to be convenient to use, safe to store and anonymous; merchants require digital currency to be authentic and convertible into real currency; banks It is required that the digital currency cannot be illegally used and counterfeited. Therefore, the digital currency D-RMB should have the following characteristics:
1.安全性：能防止商务中的任意一方更改或非法使用数字货币；1. Security: It can prevent any party in the business from changing or illegally using digital currency;
2.不可重复花费性：数字货币只能使用一次，重复花费能被容易地检查出来；2. Non-repeatable spending: digital currency can only be used once, and repeated spending can be easily checked;
3.可控匿名性：银行和商家相互勾结也不能跟踪数字货币的使用，要求系统无法将电子现金的用户的购买行为联系到一起，从而隐蔽数字货币用户的购买历史，但数字货币的发行方可跟踪数字货币的使用；3. Controllable anonymity: Banks and merchants cannot track the use of digital currency even if they collude with each other. It is required that the system cannot link the purchase behavior of users of electronic cash together, thereby concealing the purchase history of digital currency users. However, the issuer of digital currency Use of digital currency can be tracked;
4.不可伪造性：用户不能伪造假的数字货币；4. Unforgeability: Users cannot forge fake digital currency;
5.公平性：支付过程是公平的，保证要么双方交易成功，要么双方都没有损失，防止某一交易方在交易中蒙受损失；5. Fairness: The payment process is fair, ensuring that either the transaction is successful or that both parties have no losses, preventing one transaction party from suffering losses in the transaction;
6.兼容性：D-RMB系统中数字货币的发行流程与流通环节尽可能参照实物货币发行与流通。6. Compatibility: The issuance process and circulation of digital currency in the D-RMB system should refer to the issuance and circulation of physical currency as much as possible.
并且对于数字货币而言，应当能够适应于现有货币的各种使用场景，并能够与现有货币自由兑换。And for digital currency, it should be able to adapt to various usage scenarios of existing currencies and be freely convertible with existing currencies.
数字货币与网络技术紧密相关，具有支付和流通属性，可以作为纸币的替代品。数字货币包括数字金币和密码货币。当今社会中，流行的数字货币包括比特币，莱特币、比特股等。以比特币来说，只要交易双方均认可其交易价值，比特币就可以用于真实的商品和服务交易，但是，目前各个国家均未承认比特币的货币属性，因而只在私有的一些特殊场合可以实现一些货币的功能，而无法做到与实物货币一样参与经济活动的各个环节；同时，如何安全地保管数字货币也是亟待需要解决的问题。Digital currency is closely related to network technology, has payment and circulation attributes, and can be used as a substitute for banknotes. Digital currency includes digital gold coins and cryptocurrency. In today's society, popular digital currencies include Bitcoin, Litecoin, BitShares, etc. Taking Bitcoin as an example, as long as both parties to the transaction recognize its transaction value, Bitcoin can be used for real goods and service transactions. However, currently, no country recognizes the currency attribute of Bitcoin, so it is only used in some private special occasions. Some currency functions can be realized, but it cannot participate in all aspects of economic activities like physical currency; at the same time, how to safely keep digital currency is also an urgent problem that needs to be solved.
综上所述，虽然现阶段数字货币能够在一些场合中实现其货币功能，但是，相对于真实的货币，依然存在以下几个问题：To sum up, although digital currency can realize its currency function in some occasions at this stage, compared with real currency, there are still the following problems:
1.数字货币无法做到与实物货币流通兼容。在大部分国家，数字货币无法与实物货币进行兑换，更无法通过银行账户兑换数字货币；同时由于多数数字货币的货币属性并未得到各国承认，因而，只能在一些特殊的场合实现数字货币的货币功能，而无法参与经济活动的各个环节，从而使数字货币的使用范围受到了限制。1. Digital currency cannot be compatible with physical currency circulation. In most countries, digital currency cannot be exchanged with physical currency, let alone digital currency through bank accounts; at the same time, since the currency attributes of most digital currencies have not been recognized by countries, digital currency can only be realized on some special occasions. Currency functions, but unable to participate in all aspects of economic activities, thus limiting the scope of use of digital currency.
2.数字货币的交易风险高。基于只要交易双方认可其交易价值就可以进行交易，因此，在交易过程中存在较大的交易风险；同时，也有可能由于交易平台的遭受攻击，并在攻击期间伪造交易，从而造成交易双方的损失。2. The transaction risk of digital currency is high. Based on the fact that the transaction can be carried out as long as the transaction value is recognized by both parties, there is a greater transaction risk in the transaction process; at the same time, it is also possible that the transaction platform is attacked and the transaction is forged during the attack, resulting in losses for both parties .
3.数字货币目前没有安全保管的途径。现有的数字货币一般都存放在本地钱包中，以比特币为例来说，当木马感染了用户电脑后，它会自动寻找电脑中的wallet.dat文件(Wallet.dat是比特币的钱包数据)，然后发送给攻击者，从而盗取用户的比特币，因而，如何安全地保管数字货币也是亟待需要解决的问题。3. There is currently no way to safely keep digital currency. Existing digital currencies are generally stored in local wallets. Taking Bitcoin as an example, when a Trojan horse infects a user's computer, it will automatically search for the wallet.dat file in the computer (Wallet.dat is the wallet data of Bitcoin) ), and then send it to the attacker, thereby stealing the user’s bitcoin. Therefore, how to safely keep the digital currency is also an urgent problem to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的方法和系统，以解决现有技术中的上述种种不足之处。本发明的其他目的、效果以及有益效果可以从实施方式中得出。In view of this, the present invention provides a method and system for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card, so as to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art. Other purposes, effects and beneficial effects of the present invention can be obtained from the embodiments.
为实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的方法。To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card is provided.
本发明的向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的方法包括：商业银行数字货币系统接收兑换请求方的兑换金额信息、银行账户信息、以及数字货币芯片卡信息；然后根据所述兑换金额信息在所述银行账户中扣除与兑换金额相等的金额，再根据兑换金额信息确定参与兑换的数字货币，以及根据所述数字货币以及兑换请求方的数字货币芯片卡信息生成兑换请求信息，然后将该兑换请求信息发送给中央银行数字货币系统；中央银行数字货币系统根据所述兑换请求信息执行预设项目的操作然后将操作成功的指示返回给所述商业银行数字货币系统，所述预设项目的操作中包含对所述商业银行数字货币系统参与兑换的数字货币进行属主变更的操作；商业银行数字货币系统接收到中央银行数字货币系统返回的所述操作成功的指示之后，将所述数字货币写入所述兑换请求方的数字货币芯片卡中。The method for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card of the present invention includes: the digital currency system of a commercial bank receives the exchange amount information, bank account information, and digital currency chip card information of the exchange requester; Deduct an amount equal to the exchange amount from the above bank account, then determine the digital currency participating in the exchange according to the exchange amount information, and generate exchange request information based on the digital currency and the digital currency chip card information of the exchange requesting party, and then send the exchange request The information is sent to the central bank's digital currency system; the central bank's digital currency system performs the operation of the preset item according to the exchange request information and then returns an indication of successful operation to the commercial bank's digital currency system, and the preset item is in operation Including the operation of changing the owner of the digital currency that the commercial bank digital currency system participates in exchange; after the commercial bank digital currency system receives the indication that the operation is successful returned by the central bank digital currency system, writes the digital currency into In the digital currency chip card of the exchange requesting party.
可选地，所述对所述商业银行数字货币系统参与兑换的数字货币进行属主变更的操作的步骤包括：中央银行数字货币系统根据兑换请求信息中的数字货币信息查找所述数字货币的记录信息；中央银行数字货币系统根据兑换请求信息中的数字货币芯片卡信息确定所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址；中央银行数字货币系统将所述记录信息中所述数字货币的属主由所述商业银行的银行代码修改为所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址。Optionally, the step of changing the owner of the digital currency that the commercial bank digital currency system participates in exchange includes: the central bank digital currency system searches for the record of the digital currency according to the digital currency information in the exchange request information information; the digital currency system of the central bank determines the wallet address corresponding to the digital currency chip card according to the digital currency chip card information in the exchange request information; the digital currency system of the central bank determines the owner of the digital currency in the record information by The bank code of the commercial bank is changed to the wallet address corresponding to the digital currency chip card.
可选地，根据所述兑换金额信息在所述银行账户中扣除与兑换金额相等的金额的步骤之前，还包括：商业银行数字货币系统确认该银行账户中的金额不小于所述兑换金额。Optionally, before the step of deducting an amount equal to the exchange amount from the bank account according to the exchange amount information, the method further includes: the commercial bank digital currency system confirms that the amount in the bank account is not less than the exchange amount.
可选地，根据兑换金额信息确定参与兑换的数字货币的步骤之前，还包括：商业银行数字货币系统确认该系统中的数字货币的金额不小于兑换请求方的兑换金额。Optionally, before the step of determining the digital currency participating in the exchange according to the exchange amount information, it also includes: the commercial bank digital currency system confirms that the amount of digital currency in the system is not less than the exchange amount of the exchange requesting party.
可选地，根据所述兑换请求信息执行预设项目的步骤之前，还包括：中央银行数字货币系统根据所述兑换请求信息中的数字货币信息确认所述数字货币的属主为所述商业银行的银行代码。Optionally, before the step of executing preset items according to the exchange request information, it also includes: the central bank digital currency system confirms that the owner of the digital currency is the commercial bank according to the digital currency information in the exchange request information bank code.
可选地，所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址包括该数字货币芯片卡的卡号的哈希值。Optionally, the wallet address corresponding to the digital currency chip card includes a hash value of the card number of the digital currency chip card.
可选地，所述数字货币芯片卡包括以下形态：可视蓝牙IC卡形态、IC卡形态、手机-eSE卡形态、手机-安全SD卡形态、手机-SIM卡形态。Optionally, the digital currency chip card includes the following forms: a visible bluetooth IC card form, an IC card form, a mobile phone-eSE card form, a mobile phone-safe SD card form, and a mobile phone-SIM card form.
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的系统。According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card is provided.
本发明的向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的系统包括：商业银行数字货币系统用于接收兑换请求方的兑换金额信息、银行账户信息、以及数字货币芯片卡信息；然后根据所述兑换金额信息在所述银行账户中扣除与兑换金额相等的金额，再根据兑换金额信息确定参与兑换的数字货币，以及根据所述数字货币以及兑换请求方的数字货币芯片卡信息生成兑换请求信息，然后将该兑换请求信息发送给中央银行数字货币系统；并且在接收到中央银行数字货币系统返回的所述操作成功的指示之后，将所述数字货币写入所述兑换请求方的数字货币芯片卡中；中央银行数字货币系统用于根据所述兑换请求信息执行预设项目的操作然后将操作成功的指示返回给所述商业银行数字货币系统，所述预设项目的操作中包含对所述商业银行数字货币系统参与兑换的数字货币进行属主变更的操作。The system for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card of the present invention includes: the digital currency system of a commercial bank is used to receive the exchange amount information, bank account information, and digital currency chip card information of the exchange requester; and then according to the exchange amount information Deduct an amount equal to the exchange amount from the bank account, then determine the digital currency participating in the exchange according to the exchange amount information, and generate exchange request information based on the digital currency and the digital currency chip card information of the exchange requesting party, and then send the The exchange request information is sent to the central bank's digital currency system; and after receiving the indication that the operation is successful returned by the central bank's digital currency system, the digital currency is written into the digital currency chip card of the exchange requesting party; the central bank The bank's digital currency system is used to execute the operation of the preset item according to the exchange request information and then return an indication of successful operation to the commercial bank's digital currency system, and the operation of the preset item includes the operation of the commercial bank's digital currency The system participates in the operation of changing the owner of the digital currency exchanged.
可选地，所述中央银行数字货币系统还用于：根据兑换请求信息中的数字货币信息查找所述数字货币的记录信息；根据兑换请求信息中的数字货币芯片卡信息确定所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址；将所述记录信息中所述数字货币的属主由所述商业银行的银行代码修改为所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址。Optionally, the central bank digital currency system is further configured to: search for record information of the digital currency according to the digital currency information in the exchange request information; determine the digital currency chip card information according to the digital currency chip card information in the exchange request information The wallet address corresponding to the card; the owner of the digital currency in the record information is changed from the bank code of the commercial bank to the wallet address corresponding to the digital currency chip card.
可选地，所述商业银行数字货币系统还用于确认该银行账户中的金额不小于所述兑换金额。Optionally, the commercial bank digital currency system is also used to confirm that the amount in the bank account is not less than the exchange amount.
可选地，所述商业银行数字货币系统还用于在确认该银行账户中的金额小于所述兑换金额后，输出表明无法交易的提示信息。Optionally, the commercial bank digital currency system is further configured to output a prompt message indicating that transactions cannot be made after confirming that the amount in the bank account is less than the exchange amount.
可选地，所述商业银行数字货币系统还用于确认该系统中的数字货币的金额不小于兑换请求方的兑换金额。Optionally, the commercial bank digital currency system is also used to confirm that the amount of digital currency in the system is not less than the exchange amount of the exchange requester.
可选地，所述商业银行数字货币系统还用于在确认该系统中的数字货币的金额小于兑换请求方的兑换金额后，输出表明无法交易的提示信息。Optionally, the commercial bank digital currency system is further configured to output a prompt message indicating that transactions cannot be made after confirming that the amount of digital currency in the system is less than the exchange amount of the exchange requester.
可选地，所述中央银行数字货币系统还用于根据所述兑换请求信息中的数字货币信息确认所述数字货币的属主为所述商业银行的银行代码。Optionally, the central bank digital currency system is further configured to confirm that the owner of the digital currency is the bank code of the commercial bank according to the digital currency information in the exchange request information.
可选地，所述中央银行数字货币系统还用于在根据所述兑换请求信息中的数字货币信息确认所述数字货币的属主不是所述商业银行的银行代码后，将表明无法交易的提示信息返回给商业银行数字货币系统。Optionally, the central bank digital currency system is further configured to prompt that transactions cannot be made after confirming that the owner of the digital currency is not the bank code of the commercial bank according to the digital currency information in the exchange request information The information is returned to the commercial bank digital currency system.
可选地，所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址包括该数字货币芯片卡的卡号的哈希值。Optionally, the wallet address corresponding to the digital currency chip card includes a hash value of the card number of the digital currency chip card.
可选地，所述数字货币芯片卡包括以下形态：可视蓝牙IC卡形态、IC卡形态、手机-eSE卡形态、手机-安全SD卡形态、手机-SIM卡形态。Optionally, the digital currency chip card includes the following forms: a visible bluetooth IC card form, an IC card form, a mobile phone-eSE card form, a mobile phone-safe SD card form, and a mobile phone-SIM card form.
根据本发明的技术方案，实现了数字货币的使用，避免了再印制纸币，不仅节省货币的发行成本，而且所发行的数字货币也不易丢失，更加安全；另外，由于所提供的数字货币能够做到与实物货币进行流通兼容，能够通过银行账户将账户内的实物货币兑换成数字货币，因而，使得数字货币的兑换更加便捷，并且由于数字货币能够参与经济活动的各个环节，能够在各种场合实现数字货币的货币功能，从而也解决了数字货币使用范围受限制的问题；同时，由于在交易过程中，每一个环节都要连接到中央银行数字货币系统来完成，因而，保证了交易过程中交易环境的安全性，并且也避免了由于遭受攻击而伪造交易，减少了交易双方造成损失的可能性；另一方面，所提供的数字货币芯片卡是经过中央银行认证的，生产制造的数量以及质量由中央银行严格进行把控的，因而，能够实现对数字货币进行存放，解决了当前数字货币没有安全保管途径的问题，并且随着数字货币芯片卡的多样性，数字货币的携带也更加方便。According to the technical solution of the present invention, the use of digital currency is realized, and reprinting of banknotes is avoided, which not only saves the cost of currency issuance, but also makes the issued digital currency less likely to be lost and safer; in addition, because the digital currency provided can To be compatible with the circulation of physical currency, the physical currency in the account can be exchanged into digital currency through the bank account, thus making the exchange of digital currency more convenient, and because digital currency can participate in all aspects of economic activities, it can be used in various The occasion realizes the currency function of digital currency, which also solves the problem of limited use of digital currency; at the same time, since every link in the transaction process must be connected to the central bank’s digital currency system to complete, thus ensuring the transaction process The security of the transaction environment in the middle, and it also avoids forgery of transactions due to attacks, reducing the possibility of losses caused by both parties to the transaction; on the other hand, the provided digital currency chip card is certified by the central bank, and the quantity And the quality is strictly controlled by the central bank. Therefore, it can realize the storage of digital currency, which solves the problem that there is no safe storage method for digital currency at present, and with the diversity of digital currency chip cards, the carrying of digital currency is also more convenient. Convenience.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是与本发明实施方式有关的预制卡的工作的主要流程的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the main flow of the work of the prefabricated card relevant to the embodiment of the present invention;
图2是与本发明实施方式有关的用户注册D-RMB账号的流程的示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the flow chart of the user registration D-RMB account number related to the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是与本发明实施方式有关的D-RMB交易过程的示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the D-RMB transaction process related to the embodiment of the present invention;
图4是根据本发明实施方式的D-RMB数字货币系统提供在线服务时的整体框架的一种结构的示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the overall framework when the D-RMB digital currency system according to the embodiment of the present invention provides online services;
图5是根据本发明实施方式的商业银行数字货币系统包含的计算机系统的示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of a computer system included in a commercial bank digital currency system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6是根据本发明实施方式的商业银行数字货币系统与外部系统互联的一种架构的示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an architecture for interconnecting a commercial bank's digital currency system with an external system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7是根据本发明实施方式的一种向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的系统的示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图8是根据本发明实施方式的一种向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的方法的示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图对本发明的示范性实施方式做出说明，其中包括本发明实施方式的各种细节以助于理解，应当将它们认为仅仅是示范性的。因此，本领域普通技术人员应当认识到，可以对这里描述的实施方式做出各种改变和修改，而不会背离本发明的范围和精神。同样，为了清楚和简明，以下的描述中省略了对公知功能和结构的描述。Exemplary implementations of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which include various details of the implementations of the present invention to facilitate understanding, and they should be regarded as exemplary only. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Also, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted in the following description for clarity and conciseness.
本发明实施方式中，描述基于密码数学的数字货币(以下简称作D-RMB)设计方案，主要运营模式是中央银行与各商业银行一起分级建设D-RMB系统。这里的中央银行是货币的发行机构，例如中国人民银行。在以下的描述中，中央银行有时简称为“央行”，类似地，商业银行有时简称为“商行”。另将数字货币表示为“D币”。In the embodiment of the present invention, the design scheme of digital currency based on cryptographic mathematics (hereinafter referred to as D-RMB) is described, and the main operation mode is that the central bank and commercial banks build the D-RMB system hierarchically. The central bank here is the issuer of the currency, such as the People's Bank of China. In the following descriptions, central banks are sometimes referred to simply as "central banks," and similarly, commercial banks are sometimes referred to simply as "commercial banks." In addition, the digital currency is represented as "Dcoin ".
D-RMB系统是基于D币交易的资金转移系统，它由中央银行与各商业银行一起联合运营。D-RMB系统包括运行于特定数字中心的核心服务器上的D币发行、客户登录、客户账户管理、交易管理、欺诈检测、核心业务模块，也包括用户端的手机、笔记本电脑等需要与核心服务器交互的终端客户程序，同时，它还包括D币资金转移系统运行所依托的全国范围内的包括互联网、移动通信网这样一个开放形式的电子通信网络。在论述D-RMB系统之前，明确：The D-RMB system is a fund transfer system based on Dcurrency transactions, which is jointly operated by the central bank and various commercial banks. The D-RMB system includes Dcoin issuance, customer login, customer account management, transaction management, fraud detection, and core business modules running on the core server of a specific digital center, as well as mobile phones and laptops on the client side that need to interact with the core server At the same time, it also includes an open form of electronic communication network including the Internet and mobile communication network nationwide on which the Dcoin fund transfer system operates. Before discussing the D-RMB system, it is clear that:
1.与现有实物货币流通的兼容。D-RMB系统中数字货币的发行流程与流通环节尽可能参照实物货币发行与流通，D-RMB体系中数字货币存放历经三个环节，一是央行的数字货币发行库(即数字货币基金)；二是商业银行的银行库，即商业银行的库存数字现金；三是用户端的客户应用程序，即电子钱包中。在这不同环节过程中，D-RMB的登记中心会完成相关的登记操作。1. Compatible with existing physical currency circulation. The issuance process and circulation of digital currency in the D-RMB system refer to the issuance and circulation of physical currency as much as possible. The storage of digital currency in the D-RMB system goes through three links. One is the central bank’s digital currency issuance library (that is, the digital currency fund); The second is the bank library of commercial banks, that is, the inventory digital cash of commercial banks; the third is the customer application program on the client side, that is, in the electronic wallet. During these different links, the registration center of D-RMB will complete the relevant registration operations.
2.D-RMB数字货币不用盲签名。在使用过程中有限度地匿名保护。2. D-RMB digital currency does not need blind signature. Limited anonymity protection during use.
3.D-RMB数字货币可以依托不同网络流通，以电子数字形式可能存在手机、IC卡芯片、笔记本电脑等等各种电子设备终端中，本文主要以手机和IC卡为载体存放D-RMB数字货币来进行讨论示例，但并不意味它只能以手机和IC卡为载体。3. D-RMB digital currency can be circulated on different networks, and may exist in various electronic equipment terminals such as mobile phones, IC card chips, and laptops in electronic digital form. This article mainly uses mobile phones and IC cards as carriers to store D-RMB numbers Using currency as an example for discussion does not mean that it can only be carried by mobile phones and IC cards.
4.D-RMB系统设计的支付模式依靠D-RMB数字货币的转移(D币交易)实现。4. The payment mode designed by the D-RMB system relies on the transfer of D-RMB digital currency (Dcoin transaction).
5.D-RMB系统要服从我国现金管理的相关制度要求。具体要求由业务部门需求决定。5. The D-RMB system must obey the relevant system requirements of cash management in my country. The specific requirements are determined by the needs of the business department.
6.为避免与现有的记账支付体系同质化竞争，D-RMB系统可设计为限定额度支付。6. In order to avoid homogeneous competition with the existing bookkeeping payment system, the D-RMB system can be designed to limit payment.
为方便后续的描述，对以下符号约定：For the convenience of subsequent descriptions, the following symbol conventions are used:
Enc：加密，这里指用户从IBC中心下载私钥后，以自己的私钥对发出信息进行签名并用对方的公钥进行加密。Enc: Encryption, here means that after the user downloads the private key from the IBC center, he signs the outgoing message with his own private key and encrypts it with the other party's public key.
Dec：解密，这里特指用户以自己的私钥进行来文的解密，并以对方手机号作为对应公钥(或直接公钥)，对用户发送的信息进行签名确认。Dec: Decryption, here specifically means that the user decrypts the message with his own private key, and uses the mobile phone number of the other party as the corresponding public key (or direct public key) to sign and confirm the information sent by the user.
D银行：指银行在央行中心系统开设的准备金账户，作记账用。DBank : Refers to the reserve account opened by the bank in the central bank central system for book keeping.
D币：指央行按自己的加密机制生成的D-RMB数字货币，是一串字符，代表一定金额人民币。Dcurrency : refers to the D-RMB digital currency generated by the central bank according to its own encryption mechanism. It is a string of characters representing a certain amount of RMB.
D币100：指央行按自己的加密机制生成的D-RMB数字货币，是一串数字，代表100元人民币，依次类推，下标数字代表实际人民币数额。Dcoin 100 : refers to the D-RMB digital currency generated by the central bank according to its own encryption mechanism. It is a series of numbers representing 100 yuan, and so on. The subscript numbers represent the actual amount of RMB.
B账号：用户所在开户行的银行账号。Baccount number: the bank account number of the bank where the user is located.
H(M)：对M进行哈希运算得到的值，M可以是手机号、机构代码或一串字符、数字等。H(M): The value obtained by performing a hash operation on M. M can be a mobile phone number, an organization code, or a string of characters, numbers, etc.
D-RMB作为数字货币，由中国人民银行作为法定货币来设立并发行进入流通，由中国人民银行作为最终贷方提供担保，参与全国标准架构内的兑、汇与消费。它是一串代码，具有与实际流通中的“面值”一样的币值意义。D-RMB数字货币模拟纸质货币在央行的发行和管理流程，在D-RMB发行库中按央行的本次数字货币发行量一次性生成数字货币。As a digital currency, D-RMB is established by the People's Bank of China as a legal tender and issued into circulation. The People's Bank of China acts as the ultimate lender to provide guarantees and participate in exchange, exchange and consumption within the national standard framework. It is a string of codes that has the same currency meaning as the "face value" in actual circulation. D-RMB digital currency simulates the issuance and management process of paper currency in the central bank, and generates digital currency at one time in the D-RMB issuance library according to the central bank's digital currency issuance.
在D-RMB系统设计中，D币可以按最小单位面额产生，也可以根据用户具体提款金额来产生，也能按流通中实物货币面额产生，具体按哪种方式可通过系统参数在初始过程中设置。为贴近现实，后续以流通中固定面额为例来进行阐述。In the design of the D-RMB system, Dcoins can be generated according to the minimum unit denomination, or according to the specific withdrawal amount of the user, or according to the denomination of the physical currency in circulation. The specific method can be determined through the system parameters in the initial process. set in. In order to be close to reality, the follow-up will take the fixed denomination in circulation as an example to illustrate.
发行库中的D-RMB完全模拟流通中的面值，“印制”产生数字代表的“壹圆、伍圆、拾圆、贰拾圆、伍拾圆、壹佰圆”等，一个加密文本代表一个面值的D-RMB数字货币。The D-RMB in the issuance library completely simulates the face value in circulation, and "printing" produces digital representations of "one yuan, five yuan, ten yuan, twenty yuan, fifty yuan, one hundred yuan", etc., and an encrypted text represents A face value D-RMB digital currency.
按固定面值产生D-RMB，如按第五套生产代表D-RMB(则需生产：D币1、D币5、D币10、D币20、D币50、D币100)则：D-RMB is generated according to a fixed face value. If the fifth set of production represents D-RMB (requires production: Dcoin 1 , Dcoin 5 , Dcoin 10 , Dcoin 20 , Dcoin 50 , Dcoin 100 ):
步骤1：由主密码与数字1、5、10、20、50和100分别产生六个基本加密密码。Step 1: Generate six basic encryption passwords from the master password and numbers 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 respectively.
步骤2：由哈希算法产生系统随机数。随机数可以理解为冠字号码。Step 2: Generate system random numbers by hash algorithm. Random numbers can be understood as prefix numbers.
步骤3：由代表不同币值的基本加密密码与随机数加密，生成加密密码。Step 3: Encrypt with basic encryption passwords representing different currency values and random numbers to generate encrypted passwords.
步骤4：由央行私钥对加密密码进行签名，代表新币产生。假如提款人要提代表100元人民币的D币100，则在实际提款过程中，可由代表100元的唯一随机数字与对应基本加密密码加密生成加密密文m，再由央行私钥对m进行签名。Step 4: The encrypted password is signed by the private key of the central bank, which represents the generation of new currency. If the withdrawer wants to withdraw Dcoin 100 representing 100 yuan, in the actual withdrawal process, the encrypted ciphertext m can be generated by encrypting the unique random number representing 100 yuan and the corresponding basic encryption password, and then the private key of the central bank will pair m to sign.
在D-RMB体系中，有央行的数字货币发行库、商业银行的数字货币银行库和用户端(如手机)的电子钱包。数字货币转移的基本内容包括：In the D-RMB system, there are the digital currency issuance library of the central bank, the digital currency bank library of commercial banks and the electronic wallet of the client (such as mobile phone). The basic content of digital currency transfer includes:
(1)根据数字货币发行总量，央行统一生成数字货币(即生产数字货币基金)，存放在央行发行库中。(1) According to the total amount of digital currency issued, the central bank will uniformly generate digital currency (that is, produce digital currency funds) and store it in the central bank's issuance library.
(2)根据商业银行数字货币的需求申请，将数字货币发送到相应商业银行存放数字货币的数据库，即数字货币从发行库到银行库。(2) According to the demand application of the commercial bank's digital currency, the digital currency is sent to the database of the corresponding commercial bank to store the digital currency, that is, the digital currency is transferred from the issuing library to the bank library.
如某次根据货币发行总量，央行发行10亿D-RMB，这些D-RMB发行后被放在央行的发行库中。后来根据某银行的申请从这10亿D-RMB中提走其中2亿，这些被提走的2亿D-RMB被存放在该银行的银行库中(该银行在央行的存款准备金账户记账为减少2亿，同时，2个亿的D-RMB存放在该商业银行的银行库，其记账操作等同现有实物货币的支取)，在登记中心，这些数字货币对应的属主由央行改为商业银行，并记录相应操作流水等信息。For example, according to the total amount of currency issued, the central bank issued 1 billion D-RMB, and these D-RMB were placed in the central bank's issuance library after issuance. Later, 200 million of the 1 billion D-RMB was withdrawn from the 1 billion D-RMB according to the application of a certain bank. In order to reduce the account by 200 million, at the same time, 200 million D-RMB is stored in the bank treasury of the commercial bank, and its bookkeeping operation is equivalent to the withdrawal of existing physical currency). Change to a commercial bank, and record the corresponding operation flow and other information.
(3)用户申请提取数字货币时，数字货币从银行库到流通环节，进入用户客户端的存储介质中(如手机内)，即从银行库到用户的电子钱包。在登记中心，这些数字货币对应的属主由商业银行改为用户，并记录相应操作流水等信息。(3) When a user applies to withdraw digital currency, the digital currency enters the storage medium of the user client (such as a mobile phone) from the bank warehouse to the circulation link, that is, from the bank warehouse to the user's electronic wallet. In the registration center, the owners of these digital currencies are changed from commercial banks to users, and the corresponding operation flow and other information are recorded.
(4)在流通环节，数字货币实质是在两个用户各自电子钱包间进行转移来完成支付，此时支付分为在线交易和离线交易，具体业务流程在后文进行详细分析。在登记中心，这些数字货币对应的属主由用户1改为用户2，并记录相应操作流水等信息。(4) In the link of circulation, the essence of digital currency is to transfer between the respective electronic wallets of two users to complete the payment. At this time, the payment is divided into online transaction and offline transaction. The specific business process will be analyzed in detail later. In the registration center, the owners corresponding to these digital currencies are changed from user 1 to user 2, and information such as corresponding operation flow is recorded.
在以上数字货币转移过程中，D-RMB系统的登记中心需验证交易数字货币的合法性，记录交易流水并更正对应数字货币新的属主，以及登记其它所需信息(具体由业务需求决定)。During the above digital currency transfer process, the registration center of the D-RMB system needs to verify the legitimacy of the transaction digital currency, record the transaction flow and correct the new owner of the corresponding digital currency, and register other required information (determined by business needs) .
如果是以IC卡为载体，还存在预制卡的工作，预制卡的工作中，中央银行数字货币系统和商业银行数字货币系统对包含有存储介质的D-RMB芯片卡进行一系列操作，主要有：中央银行数字货币系统按预先指定的内容生成D-RMB芯片卡的个性化数据；商业银行数字货币系统将申请D-RMB芯片卡的用户的个人信息写入该D-RMB芯片卡；商业银行数字货币系统以用户IBC公钥向认证系统申请IBC私钥，用户IBC公钥是D-RMB芯片卡的标识或者所述用户的标识。以上操作中涉及的主要流程如图1所示，图1是与本发明实施方式有关的预制卡的工作的主要流程的示意图。If the IC card is used as the carrier, there is also the work of prefabricated cards. In the work of prefabricated cards, the digital currency system of the central bank and the digital currency system of commercial banks perform a series of operations on the D-RMB chip card containing the storage medium, mainly as follows: : The digital currency system of the central bank generates the personalized data of the D-RMB chip card according to the pre-specified content; the digital currency system of the commercial bank writes the personal information of the user applying for the D-RMB chip card into the D-RMB chip card; the commercial bank The digital currency system applies for the IBC private key from the authentication system with the user's IBC public key, and the user's IBC public key is the identification of the D-RMB chip card or the identification of the user. The main process involved in the above operations is shown in FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the main process of the prefabricated card work related to the embodiment of the present invention.
卡基作为D币的安全载体，在D币流通的各个环节对于保证D币的安全性有一定加强作用(独立的物理载体IC卡也简称为“D-RMB芯片卡”)。As the safe carrier of Dcoins , the card base has a certain strengthening effect on ensuring the security of Dcoins in all aspects of Dcoins circulation (the independent physical carrier IC card is also referred to as "D-RMB chip card").
(1)D-RMB芯片卡的生产(1) Production of D-RMB chip cards
D-RMB芯片卡的生产必须由经过中央银行认证的，具有生产资质的企业生产，对于其生产制造的数量以及质量由中央银行(或中央银行授权的其他部门)严格把控。企业资质认证流程包括：提交申请、材料审核、样卡检测、现场测评、授权资质等环节。The production of D-RMB chip cards must be produced by enterprises with production qualifications certified by the central bank, and the quantity and quality of its production are strictly controlled by the central bank (or other departments authorized by the central bank). The enterprise qualification certification process includes: submission of application, material review, sample card inspection, on-site evaluation, authorization qualification and other links.
(2)D-RMB芯片卡的个性化(2) Personalization of D-RMB chip card
D-RMB芯片卡内个性化数据由中央银行生成，并授权相关部门建立个人化中心，对新生产的D-RMB芯片卡进行个性化操作。The personalized data in the D-RMB chip card is generated by the central bank, and the relevant departments are authorized to establish a personalization center to personalize the newly produced D-RMB chip card.
(3)D-RMB芯片卡的发行(3) Issuance of D-RMB chip card
系统可支持实名制发卡和匿名发卡。The system supports real-name card issuance and anonymous card issuance.
实名制发卡：D-RMB芯片卡由用户个人申请，实名制发卡，由中央银行授权商业银行代为发行，商业银行对用户进行实名审核，并登记相关资料，审核通过后，对中央银行的D-RMB芯片卡进行二次发卡，把用户的个人信息写到D-RMB芯片卡内。Real-name system card issuance: D-RMB chip card is applied by the user personally, and the real-name system is issued. The central bank authorizes the commercial bank to issue the card on its behalf. The commercial bank conducts real-name verification of the user and registers relevant information. The card is issued for the second time, and the user's personal information is written into the D-RMB chip card.
匿名发卡：用户直接向商业银行申领D-RMB芯片卡，商业银行可根据实际情况选择是否验证申请人身份信息。Anonymous card issuance: The user directly applies for a D-RMB chip card from the commercial bank, and the commercial bank can choose whether to verify the identity information of the applicant according to the actual situation.
商业银行根据实际情况选择使用D-RMB芯片卡的唯一标识号或用户手机号作为用户IBC公钥，进而向IBC认证中心申请私钥。The commercial bank chooses to use the unique identification number of the D-RMB chip card or the user's mobile phone number as the user's IBC public key according to the actual situation, and then applies for the private key from the IBC certification center.
D-RMB系统支持以计算机设备、手机、POS、ATM以及Web等方式作为载体，选择线上或线下交易，本文示例中将主要以手机作为载体为例进行说明。The D-RMB system supports computer equipment, mobile phones, POS, ATM, and the Web as carriers, and can choose online or offline transactions. The examples in this article will mainly use mobile phones as carriers for illustration.
关于手机终端，各种数字密码、图形密码等解锁设置和开机密码能有效保护手机上个人信息的安全。随着智能手机时代的到来，各类基于生物特征的指纹手机已进入普通消费群，它可以针对不同应用、不同特定信息采取不同指纹加密，这些新技术的应用可有效保证手机上数字货币、相关交易信息的存放安全。With regard to mobile phone terminals, various unlocking settings such as digital passwords and graphic passwords and power-on passwords can effectively protect the security of personal information on mobile phones. With the advent of the era of smart phones, all kinds of biometric-based fingerprint mobile phones have entered the general consumer group. It can adopt different fingerprint encryption for different applications and different specific information. The application of these new technologies can effectively ensure that digital currency on mobile phones, related The storage of transaction information is safe.
为确保数字货币在手机间的转移安全，D-RMB体系需引入安全认证体系。中央银行与金融机构间利用现有的CA认证中心，社会用户(包括个人和企业)可利用IBC(Identity-Based Cryptograph)认证中心进行身份认证。In order to ensure the security of the transfer of digital currency between mobile phones, the D-RMB system needs to introduce a security certification system. The central bank and financial institutions use the existing CA certification center, and social users (including individuals and enterprises) can use the IBC (Identity-Based Cryptograph) certification center for identity authentication.
对于在IBC、PKI中产生的私钥和央行公钥，需可靠安全地存放在手机的安全专属区域SE区(Secure Element)，SE区可由硬件(手机换卡)或由主机模拟卡技术HCE(Host Card Emulation)来实现。如果用户采取换卡来保护密钥，则在换卡申请过程中下载密钥到手机SE区。For the private key and central bank public key generated in IBC and PKI, they need to be reliably and safely stored in the secure exclusive area SE (Secure Element) of the mobile phone. The SE area can be controlled by hardware (mobile phone card replacement) or by the host computer simulation card technology HCE ( Host Card Emulation) to achieve. If the user adopts changing the card to protect the key, then download the key to the SE area of the mobile phone during the card changing application process.
在认证体系建设过程中，可按照传统的PKI认证体系来设计，统一建立PKI体系，由CA提供强数字签名，也可以按IBC设计，以用户手机号作为公钥来管理，特别是针对微小额度的离线支付，似乎更为便捷。下文所有业务介绍将以IBC认证来进行说明。图2是与本发明实施方式有关的用户注册D-RMB账号的流程的示意图，图3是与本发明实施方式有关的D-RMB交易过程的示意图。In the process of building the certification system, it can be designed according to the traditional PKI certification system, and the PKI system can be established uniformly. The CA can provide a strong digital signature, or it can be designed according to IBC, and the user's mobile phone number is used as the public key to manage, especially for small amounts. Offline payment seems to be more convenient. All business introductions below will be explained with IBC certification. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the flow of a user registering a D-RMB account related to the embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the D-RMB transaction process related to the embodiment of the present invention.
在进行用户注册时，主要有以下流程：中央银行数字货币系统在接收到用户使用的终端设备发来的身份证明信息后，向该终端设备发送适用于该终端设备的应用软件；中央银行数字货币系统向运行所述应用软件的所述终端设备发送IBC公钥和IBC私钥，然后与该终端设备进行身份认证会话以及会话密钥协商；中央银行数字货币系统接收运行所述应用软件的所述终端设备发来的用户账号，然后向该终端设备发送用户密码。During user registration, there are mainly the following processes: after receiving the identity information sent by the terminal device used by the user, the central bank digital currency system sends the application software applicable to the terminal device to the terminal device; The system sends the IBC public key and IBC private key to the terminal device running the application software, and then conducts an identity authentication session and session key negotiation with the terminal device; the central bank digital currency system receives the The user account sent by the terminal device, and then send the user password to the terminal device.
以用户1向用户2在线支付50元的数字货币D币50为例，来说明交易过程中涉及D币50转移时的安全协议。用户1登录自己的手机APP应用程序，完成与D-RMB系统的双方身份认证，并以SSL方式协商会话密钥后，执行交易协议。以手机号作为IBC公钥为例，在用户1手机客户端：手机客户端自动选取50元的数字货币D币50，根据交易规则组织相关信息M‖m，其中M可以设计为：M＝交易代码‖手机号1‖D币50‖支付金额‖手机号2，对信息段哈希运算得消息H(M)，以手机号1对应的私钥对H(M)进行签名得m，以加密方式发送M‖m到D-RMB系统。Taking user 1 to pay 50 yuan digital currency Dcoin 50 online to user 2 as an example, to illustrate the security protocol when the transfer of Dcoin 50 is involved in the transaction process. User 1 logs in to his own mobile APP, completes the two-party identity authentication with the D-RMB system, and negotiates the session key in SSL mode, then executes the transaction agreement. Taking the mobile phone number as the IBC public key as an example, on the mobile client of user 1: the mobile client automatically selects 50 yuan of digital currency Dcoin 50 , and organizes relevant information M‖m according to the transaction rules, where M can be designed as: M=transaction Code ‖Mobile phone number 1‖Dcoin 50 ‖Payment amount‖Mobile phone number 2, hash the information segment to get message H(M), sign H(M) with the private key corresponding to mobile phone number 1 to get m, and encrypt Send M∥m to the D-RMB system.
D-RMB系统端：按协议解密报文得M‖m，验证报文有效性，即以公钥即手机号1验证m与H(M)，防止报文在传输过程中被篡改；验证D币50是否合法，解读交易规则及相关信息，执行相应操作，主要包括业务验证后登记中心变更D币50属主，由绑定的手机号1改为手机号2，并记录相应流水。发送D币50给手机2，并向双方提示交易成功。D-RMB system side: decrypt the message according to the protocol to get M‖m, verify the validity of the message, that is, verify m and H(M) with the public key, that is, the mobile phone number 1, to prevent the message from being tampered with during transmission; verify D Whether thecurrency 50 is legal, interpret the transaction rules and related information, and perform corresponding operations, mainly including changing the owner of the Dcurrency 50 after the business verification, changing the bound mobile phone number 1 to mobile phone number 2, and recording the corresponding transaction. Send Dcoin 50 to mobile phone 2, and prompt both parties that the transaction is successful.
为进一步增强匿名性，登记中心权属对应手机号可改为手机号的哈希(即借鉴比特币钱包地址，由公钥哈希组成)，具体描述如下：In order to further enhance anonymity, the mobile phone number corresponding to the ownership of the registration center can be changed to the hash of the mobile phone number (that is, referring to the Bitcoin wallet address, which is composed of public key hashes), the specific description is as follows:
客户端组织报文不变，在用户1手机客户端：自动选取50元的数字货币D币50，根据交易规则组织相关信息M‖m，其中M可以设计为M＝交易代码‖手机号1‖D币50‖支付金额‖手机号2，对信息段哈希运算得消息H(M)，以手机号1对应的私钥对H(M)进行签名得m，以加密方式发送M‖m到D-RMB系统。The client organization message remains unchanged. On the mobile phone client of user 1: automatically select 50 yuan of digital currency Dcoin 50 , and organize relevant information M‖m according to the transaction rules, where M can be designed as M=transaction code‖mobile phone number 1‖ Dcoin 50 ‖Payment amount‖Mobile phone number 2, hash the information segment to get message H(M), sign H(M) with the private key corresponding to mobile phone number 1 to get m, and send M‖m to D-RMB system.
D-RMB系统端：按协议解密报文得M‖m，验证报文有效性，即以公钥即手机号1验证m与H(M)，防止报文在传输过程中被篡改；验证D币50是否合法，解读交易规则及相关信息，执行相应操作，主要包括业务验证后登记中心变更D币50属主，由绑定的H(手机号1)改为H(手机号2)，并记录相应流水。发送D币50给手机2，并向双方提示交易成功。D-RMB system side: decrypt the message according to the protocol to get M‖m, verify the validity of the message, that is, verify m and H(M) with the public key, that is, the mobile phone number 1, to prevent the message from being tampered with during transmission; verify D Whether thecurrency 50 is legal, interpret the transaction rules and related information, and perform corresponding operations, mainly including changing the owner of the Dcurrency 50 after business verification by the registration center, changing the bound H (mobile phone number 1) to H (mobile phone number 2), and Record the corresponding flow. Send Dcoin 50 to mobile phone 2, and prompt both parties that the transaction is successful.
关于系统便捷性设计，在本发明实施方式中，交易的界面和入口有多种。在场景举例过程中，仅以一个入口来举例，如注册用户在商业银行办理业务，即可由用户拿手机先直接登录D-RMB系统，也可由商业银行登录D-RMB系统。Regarding the design of system convenience, in the embodiment of the present invention, there are various interfaces and entrances for transactions. In the process of scenario example, only one entrance is used as an example. For example, if a registered user handles business at a commercial bank, the user can directly log in to the D-RMB system with a mobile phone, or the commercial bank can log in to the D-RMB system.
关于账户密码问题，可以根据业务需要来灵活设计是否需要用户输入账户密码。基于D-RMB系统是小额支付系统，建议可以考虑由用户自由选择是否设置密码。在本发明实施方式的说明中，按不留密码来描述，但在实现中，可以根据实际情况而定。Regarding the issue of account passwords, you can flexibly design whether users are required to enter account passwords according to business needs. Since the D-RMB system is a micro-payment system, it is suggested that users can freely choose whether to set a password. In the description of the embodiment of the present invention, it is described as not leaving a password, but in implementation, it can be determined according to the actual situation.
关于客户端应用程序问题，用户可以下载相应的客户端应用程序在自己对应的终端上(此类终端软件相当于“钱包”工具)，如手机用户可以下载D-RMB手机终端程序(也可称为手机APP)。终端程序可以设计包含以下功能：一是D币管理功能。(1)终端程序可以自动统计所有D币金额；(2)可以根据用户输入的金额数自动找到“钱包”内的D币组合，并在支付过程中自动选定已匹配好的D币进行交易；(3)交易完成后，自动将参与支出的D币进行删除；(4)能自动区别标识“钱包”内未经央行在线校验的数字货币和已校验已登记数字货币。二是完成业务需要的功能，如在线的注册申请、提取、支付、兑现、离线的支付请求等业务功能，以及在交易过程中自动完成公钥加密、私钥签名等等操作。Regarding the client application program, users can download the corresponding client application program on their corresponding terminals (this type of terminal software is equivalent to a "wallet" tool), such as mobile phone users can download the D-RMB mobile phone terminal program (also called for mobile APP). The terminal program can be designed to include the following functions: one is the Dcurrency management function. (1) The terminal program can automatically count the amount of all Dcoins ; (2) It can automatically find the combination of Dcoins in the "wallet" according to the amount input by the user, and automatically select the matched Dcoins for transaction during the payment process (3) After the transaction is completed, the Dcoins involved in the payment will be automatically deleted; (4) It can automatically distinguish between digital currencies that have not been verified online by the central bank in the "wallet" and digital currencies that have been verified and registered. The second is to complete the functions required by the business, such as online registration application, withdrawal, payment, cashing, offline payment request and other business functions, as well as automatically complete public key encryption, private key signature and other operations during the transaction process.
总的说来，D-RMB体系的核心要素为一种币、两类库、三个中心：In general, the core elements of the D-RMB system are one currency, two types of libraries, and three centers:
一种币，即“D-RMB”，也称之为D币，特指一串由央行签名的代表具体金额的加密数字串。A currency, namely "D-RMB", also known as Dcurrency , specifically refers to a string of encrypted digital strings signed by the central bank representing a specific amount.
两类库：分别是D-RMB的发行库和银行库。数字货币在发行库中即表现为央行的数字货币基金；数字货币在银行库中即表现为商业银行的库存数字现金。Two types of libraries: D-RMB issue library and bank library. In the issuance library, the digital currency is represented as the digital currency fund of the central bank; in the bank library, the digital currency is represented as the inventory digital cash of commercial banks.
三个中心：一是登记中心(包括货币产生、流通、清点核对及消亡全过程记录)；另外两个是认证中心，即CA认证中心(基于PKI体系，对机构和用户证书进行集中管理，如CFCA)和IBC认证中心，即基于标识的密码技术建立的认证中心(Identity-Based Cryptograph)。在登记中心可设计两张表，一为数字货币权属登记表，记录数字货币的归属，另一张为交易流水表。Three centers: one is the registration center (including records of the whole process of currency generation, circulation, inventory verification, and extinction); the other two are certification centers, namely CA certification centers (based on the PKI system, centralized management of organization and user certificates, such as CFCA) and IBC certification center, that is, the certification center (Identity-Based Cryptograph) established based on identity-based cryptographic technology. Two tables can be designed in the registration center, one is the digital currency ownership registration table, which records the ownership of digital currency, and the other is the transaction flow table.
本发明实施方式中的基于身份的密码体制IBC可以直接以用户的身份标识作为公钥，公钥的认证不再依托于证书，简化了密钥的使用与管理，具有无目录、使用方便、易于维护等优点。The identity-based cryptographic system IBC in the embodiment of the present invention can directly use the identity of the user as the public key, and the authentication of the public key no longer depends on the certificate, which simplifies the use and management of the key, and has the advantages of no directory, convenient use, and easy maintenance and other advantages.
对于身份标识，个人用户可以采用手机号，也可以采用与手机匹配的D-mail地址或其他经过变换的字符串，这样方便客户本人记忆，其他人无从知道)，以便达到可控匿名目的。企业用户可以采用组织机构代码，也可采用自定义的代码来作为IBC中心的身份标识，以此作为公钥，下面的举例中仅以手机号为例方便阐述。For identity identification, individual users can use a mobile phone number, or a D-mail address that matches the mobile phone or other transformed character strings, which is convenient for the customer to remember and no one else can know), so as to achieve the purpose of controllable anonymity. Enterprise users can use the organization code or a custom code as the identity of the IBC center as the public key. In the following examples, only the mobile phone number is used as an example for convenience.
D-RMB系统是一种分级式的体系，即由中央银行与各商业银行共建，中央银行数字货币系统是由中央银行或中央银行指定机构运行维护的用来处理关于数字货币的信息的计算机系统，其主要功能包括负责数字货币的发行与验证监测，商业银行是由商业银行或商业银行指定机构运行维护的用来处理关于数字货币的信息的计算机系统，其执行现有银行的有关货币的各种功能，即银行功能，主要包括从中央银行申请到数字货币后，负责直接面向社会，满足提供数字货币流通服务的各项需求。The D-RMB system is a hierarchical system, which is jointly established by the central bank and various commercial banks. The central bank digital currency system is a computer operated and maintained by the central bank or a designated institution of the central bank to process information about digital currency. The main functions of the system include the issuance and verification monitoring of digital currency. Commercial banks are computer systems operated and maintained by commercial banks or institutions designated by commercial banks to process information about digital currencies. Various functions, that is, banking functions, mainly include that after applying for digital currency from the central bank, it is responsible for directly facing the society and meeting the various needs of providing digital currency circulation services.
在根据本发明实施方式的数字货币系统的基本结构中，数字货币系统主要包括中央银行数字货币系统、商业银行数字货币系统(在实际中可以是多个商业银行数字货币系统)、以及认证系统。其中，中央银行数字货币系统用于产生和发行数字货币，以及对数字货币进行权属登记；商业银行数字货币系统用于针对数字货币执行银行功能；认证系统用于对中央银行数字货币系统和数字货币的用户所使用的终端设备之间的交互提供认证，以及对中央银行数字货币系统和商业银行数字货币系统之间的交互提供认证。In the basic structure of the digital currency system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the digital currency system mainly includes a central bank digital currency system, a commercial bank digital currency system (in practice, it may be multiple commercial bank digital currency systems), and an authentication system. Among them, the central bank's digital currency system is used to generate and issue digital currency, and register the ownership of digital currency; the commercial bank's digital currency system is used to perform banking functions for digital currency; the authentication system is used to verify the central bank's digital currency system and digital Authentication is provided for interactions between terminal devices used by currency users, and for interactions between the central bank digital currency system and the commercial bank digital currency system.
图4是根据本发明实施方式的D-RMB数字货币系统提供在线服务时的整体框架的一种结构的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the overall framework when the D-RMB digital currency system provides online services according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图4所示的整体框架中，D-RMB数字货币运转的核心为商业银行数字货币系统，央行D-RMB系统与商行D-RMB系统相连，负责进行交易确认。商行D-RMB系统和央行D-RMB系统都可以充分利用先进的云技术进行分散部署，同时商行D-RMB系统与其内部系统互联互通。In the overall framework shown in Figure 4, the core of the D-RMB digital currency operation is the commercial bank digital currency system, and the central bank D-RMB system is connected to the commercial bank D-RMB system to be responsible for transaction confirmation. Both the D-RMB system of commercial banks and the D-RMB system of the central bank can make full use of advanced cloud technology for decentralized deployment, and at the same time, the D-RMB system of commercial banks is interconnected with its internal systems.
从图4可以看出，商业银行数字货币系统处于核心位置与其他网络或系统相连，可应用“云计算”技术构建。D-RMB数字货币系统支持各种不同协议的网络数据，如:虚拟专用网VPN、专线、卫星网络、公共交换电话网(PSTN)、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、公共陆地移动网(PLMN)，各不同网络均可实现与中心服务器直接或者间接连接。It can be seen from Figure 4 that the digital currency system of commercial banks is at the core and connected to other networks or systems, and can be constructed using "cloud computing" technology. The D-RMB digital currency system supports network data of various protocols, such as: virtual private network VPN, dedicated line, satellite network, public switched telephone network (PSTN), global system for mobile communications (GSM), public land mobile network (PLMN) , each network can be directly or indirectly connected to the central server.
商行数字货币系统与央行登记中心相连，同样具备四个基本功能模块：自动跟踪账户拥有多少D-RMB数字货币的电子钱包功能模块、自动跟踪各方之间的D-RMB数字货币转移并识别可疑交易的监督功能模块、电子银行服务功能及客户关系管理CRM功能模块。The commercial bank's digital currency system is connected to the central bank's registration center, and it also has four basic functional modules: an electronic wallet function module that automatically tracks how much D-RMB digital currency the account has, and automatically tracks the transfer of D-RMB digital currency between parties and identifies suspicious Transaction supervision function module, electronic banking service function and customer relationship management CRM function module.
商业银行数字货币系统中的服务器的逻辑布局采用三层架构的方式：即表示层，也就是前端应用系统200；后端应用系统202，也叫会话层、应用层，或交易逻辑层；后台数据库204为数据层。其对应的物理机器部署框图如图5所示，图5是根据本发明实施方式的商业银行数字货币系统包含的计算机系统的示意图。The logical layout of the server in the commercial bank digital currency system adopts a three-tier architecture: the presentation layer, which is the front-end application system 200; the back-end application system 202, also called the session layer, application layer, or transaction logic layer; the back-end database 204 is a data layer. Its corresponding physical machine deployment block diagram is shown in Figure 5, which is a schematic diagram of the computer system included in the commercial bank digital currency system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
前端应用系统200是用来运行用户与货币转移服务运营商直接互动的应用程序，比如Web应用程序，此处部署的是Web服务器集群。用户和货币转移服务运营商通过用户接口和这些应用程序交互，用户接口有个人计算设备114和移动设备等。用户可以通过此入口访问电子钱包功能、监督功能、虚拟银行功能、CRM功能。Web服务器上可采用apache等开源软件。The front-end application system 200 is used to run applications for direct interaction between users and money transfer service operators, such as web applications, where a cluster of web servers is deployed. Users and money transfer service operators interact with these applications through user interfaces such as personal computing devices 114, mobile devices, and the like. Users can access the electronic wallet function, supervision function, virtual bank function, and CRM function through this entrance. Open source software such as apache can be used on the Web server.
后端应用系统202主要用来是支持前端应用系统200的数据访问、业务逻辑处理等后台功能。此区域部署应用服务器。D-RMB数字货币可采用以Red Hat开源系统下的JBOSS工具来开发应用程序。The back-end application system 202 is mainly used to support background functions such as data access and business logic processing of the front-end application system 200 . Application servers are deployed in this area. D-RMB digital currency can use the JBOSS tool under the Red Hat open source system to develop applications.
后台数据库204主要是数据库管理系统DBMS，包括数据仓库，存储了转移货币的销售交易、客户档案以及跟踪和调节中央银行数字货币系统进行D-RMB数字货币转移所需要的其他数据。D-RMB数字货币系统可采用以Oracle的DBMS作为数据库系统设计。The background database 204 is mainly a database management system DBMS, including a data warehouse, which stores sales transactions of transferred currency, customer files, and other data required for tracking and adjusting the central bank's digital currency system for D-RMB digital currency transfer. The D-RMB digital currency system can be designed with Oracle's DBMS as the database system.
上述商行数字货币系统能够与外部系统互联，可选的一种架构如图6所示，图6是根据本发明实施方式的商业银行数字货币系统与外部系统互联的一种架构的示意图。The above commercial bank digital currency system can be interconnected with external systems. An optional architecture is shown in FIG. 6 , which is a schematic diagram of an architecture for interconnecting a commercial bank digital currency system with external systems according to an embodiment of the present invention.
上图示范了商业银行数字货币系统与包括央行中心服务器、其他商业银行数字货币系统在内的各种外部系统适配器的物理和逻辑布局。有货币交易数据适配器、手机服务提供商SMS网关适配器、零售商系统适配器、ATM数据供应系统适配器等，通过这种互联的方式中心服务器可以接受来自每类实体的数字货币转移请求和应答。图6充分说明了D-RMB数字货币系统对各渠道、不同协议网络的良好支持，这也是其系统具有开放性特征的表现。The figure above demonstrates the physical and logical layout of the commercial bank digital currency system and various external system adapters including the central bank central server and other commercial bank digital currency systems. There are currency transaction data adapters, mobile service provider SMS gateway adapters, retailer system adapters, ATM data supply system adapters, etc. Through this interconnection, the central server can accept digital currency transfer requests and responses from each type of entity. Figure 6 fully demonstrates the good support of the D-RMB digital currency system for various channels and different protocol networks, which is also a manifestation of the openness of the system.
以下对IC卡为数字货币载体的业务流程加以阐述。The business process of IC card as digital currency carrier is described below.
在央行中心服务器设置发行库，商业银行端设置银行库。与上相同，在模拟场景的业务流程描述中，以“商业银行”作为商业银行端D-RMB系统及其内部相关系统的统称，以“中央银行”作为央行端D-RMB系统及其相关系统的统称。下面按注册(即申请领卡)、提取、支付、存款及兑现等四个重要流程，以D-RMB卡作为载体，进行面对面方式的交易来阐述。Set up the issuance library on the central server of the central bank, and set up the bank library on the commercial bank side. Same as above, in the business process description of the simulation scenario, "commercial bank" is used as the collective name of the commercial bank-side D-RMB system and its internal related systems, and "central bank" is used as the central bank-side D-RMB system and its related systems collectively. The following four important processes of registration (that is, application for card collection), withdrawal, payment, deposit and cashing are described in the face-to-face transaction with D-RMB card as the carrier.
用户的D-RMB卡申请、提取、存款及兑现均要求在线状态下完成，而支付过程中可以分为在线支付和离线支付。用户以安全方式领取到D-RMB芯片卡后，即可向D-RMB芯片卡内存放D币。D-RMB芯片卡包含集成电路及存储介质，既可以制成单独的具有标准大小(例如目前使用的银行卡的尺寸)的卡片，也可以在集成电路的制程中集成到其他芯片或卡中。例如，D-RMB芯片卡可以是以下几种形态：可视蓝牙IC卡形态(以下简称可视IC卡)、IC卡形态(即指普通IC卡)、手机-eSE形态(即手机内嵌IC卡)、手机-安全SD卡形态(即内置安全SD卡)、手机-SIM卡形态以及手机-云SE形态。此外手机-云SE形态也可以作为D-RMB的载体，而不限于芯片卡。下面结合具体场景简要描述D币的提取，消费，存储等流程，并在相应场景中指出适用的D-RMB芯片卡形态(以下使用“全形态”来指代上面提到的所有D-RMB芯片卡形态)。The user's D-RMB card application, withdrawal, deposit and cashing are all required to be completed online, and the payment process can be divided into online payment and offline payment. After receiving the D-RMB chip card in a safe manner, the user can store Dcoins in the D-RMB chip card. D-RMB chip card contains integrated circuit and storage medium, which can be made into a separate card with a standard size (such as the size of a bank card currently used), or integrated into other chips or cards in the integrated circuit manufacturing process. For example, the D-RMB chip card can be in the following forms: visible bluetooth IC card form (hereinafter referred to as visual IC card), IC card form (referring to ordinary IC card), mobile phone-eSE form (i.e. mobile phone embedded IC card), mobile phone-secure SD card form (i.e. built-in secure SD card), mobile phone-SIM card form and mobile phone-cloud SE form. In addition, the mobile phone-cloud SE form can also be used as the carrier of D-RMB, not limited to chip cards. The following is a brief description of the extraction, consumption, storage and other processes of Dcoins in combination with specific scenarios, and points out the applicable D-RMB chip card form in the corresponding scenario (the following uses "full form" to refer to all D-RMB chips mentioned above card form).
D-RMB芯片卡的申请Application for D-RMB chip card
流程说明：用户到商业银行柜面申请D-RMB芯片卡。Process Description: The user applies for a D-RMB chip card at the counter of a commercial bank.
适用D-RMB芯片卡形态：全形态Applicable D-RMB chip card form: all forms
场景说明：略。Scenario description: slightly.
步骤说明：Step description:
步骤1.用户到商业银行柜面，提交相关身份证件信息，申请D-RMB芯片卡；Step 1. The user goes to the counter of the commercial bank, submits the relevant ID information, and applies for a D-RMB chip card;
步骤2.商业银行：登记D-RMB系统页面录入申请人及卡片相关信息(如姓名、住址、电子邮件地址、手机号、身份证号、卡片号等)，在商业银行D-RMB系统中为该用户创建D-RMB账号，并发送到中央银行D-RMB系统(IBC认证中心)；D-RMB芯片卡可以设计为完全匿名，如果为安全匿名则无须录入申请人身份信息。本文按可控匿名设计，在后台将卡号与申请人身份信息进行绑定。Step 2. Commercial bank: Enter the applicant and card-related information (such as name, address, email address, mobile phone number, ID card number, card number, etc.) on the registration D-RMB system page. The user creates a D-RMB account and sends it to the central bank's D-RMB system (IBC authentication center); the D-RMB chip card can be designed to be completely anonymous, and if it is safe and anonymous, there is no need to enter the applicant's identity information. According to the design of controllable anonymity, this article binds the card number with the identity information of the applicant in the background.
步骤3.中央银行：在IBC中心验证其唯一性(此处以卡号为账号举例)。IBC中心：根据卡号产生用户的私钥，公钥为D-RMB芯片卡号，以公钥作为账号进行交易流转；Step 3. Central Bank: Verify its uniqueness at the IBC center (here, the card number is used as an example of the account number). IBC Center: According to the card number, the user's private key is generated, the public key is the D-RMB chip card number, and the public key is used as the account number for transaction circulation;
步骤4.商业银行：按交易提示进行操作，下载用户私钥和央行公钥到D-RMB芯片卡保护区(写卡植密钥)，完成卡的初始化，交付卡片给用户，完成重要凭证登记工作，交易结束。Step 4. Commercial bank: Operate according to the transaction prompts, download the user's private key and the central bank's public key to the D-RMB chip card protection area (write the card planting key), complete the initialization of the card, deliver the card to the user, and complete the registration of important certificates Work, transaction closed.
以下再对本发明实施方式中的向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的方法和系统作进一步详细说明。The method and system for transferring digital currency to the digital currency chip card in the embodiment of the present invention will be further described in detail below.
图7是根据本发明实施方式的一种向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的系统的示意图。如图7所示，本发明实施方式的向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的系统70主要包括商业银行数字货币系统71和中央银行数字货币系统72；商业银行数字货币系统71用于接收兑换请求方的兑换金额信息、银行账户信息、以及数字货币芯片卡信息；然后根据所述兑换金额信息在所述银行账户中扣除与兑换金额相等的金额，再根据兑换金额信息确定参与兑换的数字货币，以及根据所述数字货币以及兑换请求方的数字货币芯片卡信息生成兑换请求信息，然后将该兑换请求信息发送给中央银行数字货币系统；并且在接收到中央银行数字货币系统返回的所述操作成功的指示之后，将所述数字货币写入所述兑换请求方的数字货币芯片卡中；中央银行数字货币系统62用于根据所述兑换请求信息执行预设项目的操作然后将操作成功的指示返回给所述商业银行数字货币系统，所述预设项目的操作中包含对所述商业银行数字货币系统参与兑换的数字货币进行属主变更的操作。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7 , the system 70 for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a commercial bank digital currency system 71 and a central bank digital currency system 72; the commercial bank digital currency system 71 is used to receive exchange requests The party's exchange amount information, bank account information, and digital currency chip card information; then deduct an amount equal to the exchange amount from the bank account according to the exchange amount information, and then determine the digital currency participating in the exchange according to the exchange amount information, And generate exchange request information according to the digital currency and the digital currency chip card information of the exchange requesting party, and then send the exchange request information to the central bank digital currency system; and after receiving the return of the central bank digital currency system, the operation is successful After the instruction, write the digital currency into the digital currency chip card of the exchange requesting party; the central bank digital currency system 62 is used to perform the operation of the preset item according to the exchange request information and then return an indication of successful operation For the commercial bank digital currency system, the operation of the preset item includes the operation of changing the owner of the digital currency exchanged by the commercial bank digital currency system.
本发明实施方式的向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的系统70的中央银行数字货币系统72还可用于根据兑换请求信息中的数字货币信息查找所述数字货币的记录信息；根据兑换请求信息中的数字货币芯片卡信息确定所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址；将所述记录信息中所述数字货币的属主由所述商业银行的银行代码修改为所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址。The central bank digital currency system 72 of the system 70 for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card according to the embodiment of the present invention can also be used to search the record information of the digital currency according to the digital currency information in the exchange request information; determine the wallet address corresponding to the digital currency chip card; modify the owner of the digital currency in the record information from the bank code of the commercial bank to the corresponding digital currency chip card wallet address.
本发明实施方式的向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的系统70的商业银行数字货币系统71还可用于判断该银行账户中的金额是否不小于所述兑换金额，如果是，则继续进行交易，即进行上述的根据所述兑换金额信息在所述银行账户中扣除与兑换金额相等的金额以及其后的流程；否则，输出表明无法交易的提示信息。The commercial bank digital currency system 71 of the system 70 for transferring digital currency to the digital currency chip card in the embodiment of the present invention can also be used to judge whether the amount in the bank account is not less than the exchange amount, and if so, continue the transaction, That is, perform the above-mentioned deduction of an amount equal to the exchange amount from the bank account according to the exchange amount information and the subsequent processes; otherwise, output a prompt message indicating that the transaction cannot be made.
本发明实施方式的向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的系统70的商业银行数字货币系统71还可用于判断该系统中的数字货币的金额是否不小于兑换请求方的兑换金额，如果是，则继续进行交易，即进行上述的根据兑换金额信息确定参与兑换的数字货币以及其后的流程；否则，输出表明无法交易的提示信息。The commercial bank digital currency system 71 of the system 70 for transferring digital currency to the digital currency chip card in the embodiment of the present invention can also be used to judge whether the amount of digital currency in the system is not less than the exchange amount of the exchange requesting party, and if so, then Continue the transaction, that is, determine the digital currency participating in the exchange based on the exchange amount information and the subsequent process; otherwise, output a prompt message indicating that the transaction cannot be made.
本发明实施方式的向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的系统70的中央银行数字货币系统72还可用于根据所述兑换请求信息中的数字货币信息判断所述数字货币的属主是否为所述商业银行的银行代码，如果是，则继续进行交易，即进行上述的根据所述兑换请求信息执行预设项目以及其后的流程；否则，将表明无法交易的提示信息返回给商业银行数字货币系统。The central bank digital currency system 72 of the system 70 for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card according to the embodiment of the present invention can also be used to judge whether the owner of the digital currency is the digital currency information in the exchange request information. The bank code of the commercial bank, if it is, continue the transaction, that is, carry out the above-mentioned execution of the preset project according to the exchange request information and the subsequent process; otherwise, return the prompt information indicating that the transaction cannot be made to the commercial bank digital currency system .
上述所提到的数字货币芯片卡可以是可视蓝牙IC卡形态、IC卡形态、手机-eSE卡形态、手机-安全SD卡形态、手机-SIM卡形态；且数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址包括该数字货币芯片卡的卡号的哈希值。The digital currency chip card mentioned above can be in the form of visible Bluetooth IC card, IC card, mobile phone-eSE card, mobile phone-secure SD card, mobile phone-SIM card; and the wallet corresponding to the digital currency chip card The address includes a hash of the digital currency chip card's card number.
图8是根据本发明实施方式的一种向数字货币芯片卡转入数字货币的方法的示意图。如图8所示，该方法适用于多个应用场景，比如用户通过商业银行柜面、ATM机等操作将自己的银行账户转250元提取为数字货币到数字货币芯片卡内。在该实施方式中，以用户到商业银行柜面进行数字货币的兑换为例对本发明实施方式的方法进行说明，该方法主要包括如下的步骤S80至步骤S82。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method for transferring digital currency to a digital currency chip card according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 8, this method is applicable to multiple application scenarios. For example, the user transfers 250 yuan from his bank account to extract digital currency into the digital currency chip card through operations such as commercial bank counters and ATM machines. In this embodiment, the method of the embodiment of the present invention is described by taking the user to exchange digital currency at the counter of a commercial bank as an example. The method mainly includes the following steps S80 to S82.
步骤S80：商业银行数字货币系统接收兑换请求方的兑换金额信息、银行账户信息、以及数字货币芯片卡信息；然后根据所述兑换金额信息在所述银行账户中扣除与兑换金额相等的金额，再根据兑换金额信息确定参与兑换的数字货币，以及根据所述数字货币以及兑换请求方的数字货币芯片卡信息生成兑换请求信息，然后将该兑换请求信息发送给中央银行数字货币系统。在该步骤中，用户假设用户向商业银行(如中国工行银行某网点)提交数字货币芯片卡和银行卡要求申请兑换250元数字货币，那么该商业银行的柜台工作人员在收到用户的银行卡以及数字货币芯片卡后，操作商业银行数字货币系统；首先，商业银行数字货币系统判断该银行账户中的金额是否不小于250元，如果是，则继续进行交易；否则输出表明无法交易的提示信息；然后，商业银行数字货币系统判断该系统中的数字货币的金额是否不小于250元，如果是，则根据用户的兑换金额信息确定参与兑换的数字货币(在该实施方式中以D币表示数字货币)D币100、D币100'以及D币50，最后该商业银行数字货币系统根据确定参与兑换的数字货币和用户的数字货币芯片卡的信息生成该用户的兑换请求信息，并将该兑换请求信息发送给中央银行数字货币系统；否则，输出表明无法交易的提示信息。Step S80: The commercial bank digital currency system receives the exchange amount information, bank account information, and digital currency chip card information of the exchange requester; then deducts an amount equal to the exchange amount from the bank account according to the exchange amount information, and then Determine the digital currency participating in the exchange according to the exchange amount information, generate exchange request information according to the digital currency and the digital currency chip card information of the exchange requester, and then send the exchange request information to the central bank digital currency system. In this step, the user assumes that the user submits a digital currency chip card and a bank card to a commercial bank (such as a branch of ICBC Bank) to apply for exchanging 250 yuan of digital currency, then the counter staff of the commercial bank receive the user's bank card And after the digital currency chip card, operate the digital currency system of the commercial bank; first, the digital currency system of the commercial bank judges whether the amount in the bank account is not less than 250 yuan, and if so, continues the transaction; otherwise, outputs a prompt message indicating that the transaction cannot be made ; Then, the commercial bank digital currency system judges whether the amount of digital currency in the system is not less than 250 yuan, and if so, determines the digital currency participating in the exchange according to the user's exchange amount information (in this embodiment, the digital currency is represented by Dcurrency ) Currency) Dcoin 100 , Dcoin 100' and Dcoin 50 , finally the digital currency system of the commercial bank generates the user's exchange request information according to the information of the digital currency determined to participate in the exchange and the user's digital currency chip card, and sends the exchange request information The request information is sent to the central bank's digital currency system; otherwise, a prompt message indicating that the transaction cannot be output is output.
步骤S81：中央银行数字货币系统根据所述兑换请求信息执行预设项目的操作然后将操作成功的指示返回给所述商业银行数字货币系统，所述预设项目的操作中包含对所述商业银行数字货币系统参与兑换的数字货币进行属主变更的操作。在该步骤中，中央银行数字货币系统接收到所述商业银行数字货币发送的所述兑换请求信息后，中央银行数字货币系统首先根据所述兑换请求信息中的数字货币信息判断所述数字货币的属主是否为所述商业银行的银行代码(在该实施方式中即判断参与兑换的D币100、D币100'以及D币50的属主是否为工商银行的银行代码)，如果是，则中央银行数字货币系统根据兑换请求信息中的数字货币信息查找D币100、D币100'以及D币50的记录信息，再根据兑换请求信息中的数字货币芯片卡信息确定所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址(钱包地址可以是该数字货币芯片卡的卡号的哈希值)，最后将记录信息中D币100、D币100'以及D币50的属主由所述商业银行的银行代码修改为所述数字货币芯片卡所对应的钱包地址并将属主变更成功的指示返回给商业银行数字货币系统；否则，将表明无法交易的提示信息返回给商业银行数字货币系统。Step S81: The central bank's digital currency system executes the operation of the preset item according to the exchange request information, and then returns an indication of successful operation to the commercial bank's digital currency system. The operation of the preset item includes the operation of the commercial bank The operation of changing the owner of the digital currency that the digital currency system participates in exchange. In this step, after the central bank's digital currency system receives the exchange request information sent by the commercial bank's digital currency, the central bank's digital currency system first judges the value of the digital currency according to the digital currency information in the exchange request information. Whether the owner is the bank code of the commercial bank (in this embodiment, whether the owner of the Dcoin 100 , Dcoin 100' and Dcoin 50 participating in the exchange is judged to be the bank code of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China), if yes, then The digital currency system of the central bank searches for the record information of Dcoin 100 , Dcoin 100' and Dcoin 50 according to the digital currency information in the exchange request information, and then determines the digital currency chip card according to the digital currency chip card information in the exchange request information The corresponding wallet address (the wallet address can be the hash value of the card number of the digital currency chip card), and finally the owner of Dcoin 100 , Dcoin 100' and Dcoin 50 in the record information will be assigned by the bank of the commercial bank The code is modified to the wallet address corresponding to the digital currency chip card and an indication of successful owner change is returned to the digital currency system of the commercial bank; otherwise, a prompt message indicating that transactions cannot be made is returned to the digital currency system of the commercial bank.
步骤S82：商业银行数字货币系统接收到中央银行数字货币系统返回的所述操作成功的指示之后，将所述数字货币写入所述兑换请求方的数字货币芯片卡中。商业数字货币系统在接收到步骤S81中返回的属主变更成功的指示后，将D币100、D币100'以及D币50写入用户的数字货币芯片卡中，从而实现了通过银行账户兑换数字货币到数字货币芯片卡。Step S82: After the digital currency system of the commercial bank receives the indication that the operation is successful returned by the digital currency system of the central bank, it writes the digital currency into the digital currency chip card of the exchange requesting party. After the commercial digital currency system receives the indication that the owner has changed successfully returned in step S81, it writes the Dcoin 100 , the Dcoin 100' and the Dcoin 50 into the user's digital currency chip card, thereby realizing the exchange through the bank account Digital currency to digital currency chip card.
以下再对D-RMB芯片卡作为数字货币载体时的重复交易检测加以说明。在本发明实施方式中，即在线交易情况下，D-RMB系统通过D币与用户卡号11绑定方式来防重复交易。D-RMB系统中登记中心有一权属登记表，记录表样式可设计如表1：The repeated transaction detection when the D-RMB chip card is used as a digital currency carrier will be described below. In the embodiment of the present invention, that is, in the case of online transactions, the D-RMB system prevents repeated transactions through the binding of Dcoins and user card numbers 11 . The registration center in the D-RMB system has an ownership registration form, and the style of the record form can be designed as shown in Table 1:
表1：Table 1:
用户D-RMB芯片卡1(D-RMB芯片卡唯一标识号ICC00000001)在向用户D-RMB芯片卡2(D-RMB芯片卡唯一标识号ICC00000002)支付D币100过程中，D-RMB系统登记中心权属登记表：更改D币100对应属主，将属主字段中原手机号ICC00000001对应的钱包地址更改为手机号ICC00000002对应的钱包地址，如果用户D-RMB芯片卡1还想用D币100向其它用户D-RMB芯片卡支付，此时其属主已不是用户D-RMB芯片卡1，无法完成支付，以此来防止重复支付。When user D-RMB chip card 1 (D-RMB chip card unique identification number ICC00000001) pays Dcoins 100 to user D-RMB chip card 2 (D-RMB chip card unique identification number ICC00000002), the D-RMB system registers Center Ownership Registration Form: Change the owner corresponding to Dcoin 100 , change the wallet address corresponding to the original mobile phone number ICC00000001 in the owner field to the wallet address corresponding to mobile phone number ICC00000002, if the user D-RMB chip card 1 still wants to use Dcoin 100 Paying to other user's D-RMB chip card, at this time its owner is not the user's D-RMB chip card 1, so the payment cannot be completed, so as to prevent repeated payment.
离线交易情况下，通过滞后重复支付检查来发现并追责，目前几乎所有的电子现金系统进行的重复支付检查都是滞后的，即重复支付检查都是在支付过程完成后进行的。In the case of offline transactions, it is discovered and held accountable by delaying the double payment check. At present, almost all electronic cash systems perform double payment checks with a lag, that is, the double payment check is performed after the payment process is completed.
同时可设定的交易为小额支付(小于1000元)，对于个人用户是一个可以接受的范围，并且采用事后追责机制，对不良记录将录入征信系统以作惩戒。At the same time, the transaction can be set as a small payment (less than 1,000 yuan), which is an acceptable range for individual users, and a post-event accountability mechanism is adopted, and bad records will be entered into the credit investigation system for punishment.
根据本发明实施方式的技术方案，实现了数字货币的使用，避免了再印制纸币，不仅节省货币的发行成本，而且所发行的数字货币也不易丢失，更加安全；另外，由于所提供的数字货币能够做到与实物货币进行流通兼容，能够通过银行账户将账户内的实物货币兑换成数字货币，因而，使得数字货币的兑换更加便捷，并且由于数字货币能够参与经济活动的各个环节，能够在各种场合实现数字货币的货币功能，从而也解决了数字货币使用范围受限制的问题；同时，由于在交易过程中，每一个环节都要连接到中央银行数字货币系统来完成，因而，保证了交易过程中交易环境的安全性，并且也避免了由于遭受攻击而伪造交易，减少了交易双方造成损失的可能性；另一方面，所提供的数字货币芯片卡是经过中央银行认证的，生产制造的数量以及质量由中央银行严格进行把控的，因而，能够实现对数字货币进行存放，解决了当前数字货币没有安全保管途径的问题，并且随着数字货币芯片卡的多样性，数字货币的携带也更加方便。According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the use of digital currency is realized, and the reprinting of banknotes is avoided, which not only saves the cost of currency issuance, but also makes the issued digital currency more secure; The currency can be compatible with the circulation of physical currency, and the physical currency in the account can be exchanged into digital currency through the bank account. Therefore, the exchange of digital currency is more convenient, and because digital currency can participate in all aspects of economic activities, it can be used in all aspects of economic activities. Realize the monetary function of digital currency in various occasions, thus solving the problem of limited use of digital currency; at the same time, since every link in the transaction process must be connected to the central bank's digital currency system to complete, thus ensuring The security of the transaction environment during the transaction process also avoids forgery of transactions due to attacks, reducing the possibility of losses caused by both parties to the transaction; on the other hand, the provided digital currency chip card is certified by the central bank and manufactured The quantity and quality of the digital currency are strictly controlled by the central bank. Therefore, the storage of digital currency can be realized, which solves the problem that the current digital currency has no safe storage method, and with the diversity of digital currency chip cards, the carrying of digital currency It is also more convenient.
从便捷性上来讲，以手机作为终端载体方案(以下简称“手机方案”)提供了更多的实现方式和使用手段，系统部署便利，用户操作便捷性好、更易推广。In terms of convenience, the mobile phone as the terminal carrier solution (hereinafter referred to as the "mobile phone solution") provides more implementation methods and means of use, the system is convenient to deploy, the user operation is convenient, and it is easier to promote.
以手机为D-RMB载体，可采用HCE和TEE方案，从而提供了更大存储空间，不完全依赖硬件厂商，推广更为便利。With the mobile phone as the D-RMB carrier, HCE and TEE solutions can be used, thus providing a larger storage space, not completely dependent on hardware manufacturers, and more convenient to promote.
与市场其他代替纸币的货币系统相比，D-RMB初步具有便捷性好、安全性高等特点，便捷性表现在以下方面：Compared with other currency systems that replace banknotes in the market, D-RMB initially has the characteristics of good convenience and high security. The convenience is reflected in the following aspects:
在发行方式上，D-RMB为货币本身的数字化，不依赖任何银行账户和单一网络；In terms of issuance method, D-RMB is the digitization of the currency itself, without relying on any bank account and single network;
在存储方式上，D-RMB的存储介质可以是手机，也可以是卡、磁盘、计算机等电子设备，为用户提供了多种选择。尤其是以手机为载体的D-RMB可以充分利用手机的键盘、显示、定位、存储、计算、通信等功能，还可二次开发，大大扩充支付场景和便捷性；In terms of storage methods, the storage medium of D-RMB can be mobile phones, or electronic devices such as cards, disks, and computers, providing users with a variety of options. In particular, the D-RMB based on the mobile phone can make full use of the keyboard, display, positioning, storage, calculation, communication and other functions of the mobile phone, and can also be re-developed to greatly expand the payment scenarios and convenience;
在支付方式上，既可提供类似于纸币的当面付交易，也可提供类似于电子支付系统的网络远程支付交易，即可支持联机、也可支持脱机交易，方式便捷、灵活；In terms of payment methods, it can not only provide face-to-face payment transactions similar to banknotes, but also provide network remote payment transactions similar to electronic payment systems, which can support online or offline transactions, and the method is convenient and flexible;
在交易速度上，付款速度比联机刷卡支付方式有很大提高。非常适于小额快速支付；In terms of transaction speed, the payment speed is greatly improved compared with the online credit card payment method. Very suitable for small and fast payments;
在使用习惯上，既可兼容原有的刷卡支付方式，也可提供面对面的数字货币支付，同时还可提供电子化的交易记录，便于理财统计，用户可接受度高。In terms of usage habits, it is compatible with the original card payment method, and can also provide face-to-face digital currency payment. At the same time, it can also provide electronic transaction records, which is convenient for financial statistics and has high user acceptance.
安全性表现在以下方面：Safety is manifested in the following aspects:
与其他数字货币系统相比，D-RMB数字货币是由现金数值转换而来的一系列电子加密序列数，通过这些加密序列数的转移来完成支付交易。币本身的安全性由密码算法来保护，可有效保障货币信息的机密性和完整性，安全性高；Compared with other digital currency systems, D-RMB digital currency is a series of electronic encryption serial numbers converted from cash values, and payment transactions are completed through the transfer of these encrypted serial numbers. The security of the currency itself is protected by a cryptographic algorithm, which can effectively guarantee the confidentiality and integrity of the currency information, with high security;
D-RMB数字货币载体的安全性在移动终端利用芯片技术、在后台云端利用可信技术，实现端到端的安全；The security of the D-RMB digital currency carrier uses chip technology in the mobile terminal and trusted technology in the background cloud to achieve end-to-end security;
D-RMB数字货币交易系统的安全性一方面依赖于传统的电子支付系统安全技术，同时后台利用强大的D-RMB云计算系统，进一步保障了交易安全；On the one hand, the security of the D-RMB digital currency transaction system relies on the traditional electronic payment system security technology, and at the same time, the powerful D-RMB cloud computing system is used in the background to further guarantee the transaction security;
在用户隐私保护方面，通过“前台自愿、后台实名”的方式，既保证了用户隐私，又规避了非法交易的风险。In terms of user privacy protection, the method of "voluntary at the front desk and real name at the background" not only ensures user privacy, but also avoids the risk of illegal transactions.
上述具体实施方式，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员应该明白的是，取决于设计要求和其他因素，可以发生各种各样的修改、组合、子组合和替代。任何在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明保护范围之内。The above specific implementation methods do not constitute a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610176528.3ACN107240010B (en) | 2016-03-25 | 2016-03-25 | Method and system for transferring digital currency to digital currency chip card |
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| CN201610176528.3ACN107240010B (en) | 2016-03-25 | 2016-03-25 | Method and system for transferring digital currency to digital currency chip card |
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| CN107240010Atrue CN107240010A (en) | 2017-10-10 |
| CN107240010B CN107240010B (en) | 2022-01-28 |
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| CN201610176528.3AActiveCN107240010B (en) | 2016-03-25 | 2016-03-25 | Method and system for transferring digital currency to digital currency chip card |
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| CN107240010B (en) | 2022-01-28 |
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| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | Effective date of registration:20180411 Address after:100070 Building 2, nuclear Road 5, Science City, Fengtai District, Beijing. Applicant after:Digital money Research Institute of the people's Bank of China Address before:100070 Fengtai District Science City Road, No. 5, Beijing Applicant before:Inst. of Printing Science, Peolpe's Bank of China | |
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