技术领域technical field
本发明属于电力设备状态监控领域，尤其涉及一种高压断路器分合闸速度测量装置及方法。The invention belongs to the field of state monitoring of electric equipment, in particular to a device and method for measuring the opening and closing speed of a high-voltage circuit breaker.
背景技术Background technique
在电力系统中，高压断路器是一种被广泛使用的电气设备，其分合闸速度对其分断能力有直接的影响，只有保证适当的分、合闸速度，才能充分发挥其开断电流的能力。因此，精确测量、计算并分析高压断路器的分、合闸速度具有重要的意义。一般来说，测速装置通过把断路器动触头的机械运动转化为电信号、光信号、磁信号等可直接测量的信号，间接得到动触头的位移特性曲线。In the power system, the high-voltage circuit breaker is a widely used electrical equipment. Its opening and closing speed has a direct impact on its breaking capacity. Only by ensuring an appropriate opening and closing speed can its breaking current be fully utilized. ability. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately measure, calculate and analyze the opening and closing speed of high-voltage circuit breakers. Generally speaking, the speed measuring device indirectly obtains the displacement characteristic curve of the moving contact by converting the mechanical movement of the moving contact of the circuit breaker into directly measurable signals such as electrical signals, optical signals, and magnetic signals.
常见的断路器速度测试装置主要有以下几种：Common circuit breaker speed test devices mainly include the following types:
1)电位式传感测量装置。此方法目前使用较为普遍，典型的方法是通过直线滑阻式位移传感器，将高压断路器动触头的位移信号转换为直流电压信号输出，使用示波器等设备观察，可以较为直观的反映动触头的位移特性，也可间接计算出动触头的运动速度。此种装置结构简单，使用方便，分辨率高，但是安装困难，存在磨损和摩擦等缺点。1) Potential sensor measuring device. This method is currently widely used. The typical method is to convert the displacement signal of the moving contact of the high-voltage circuit breaker into a DC voltage signal output through a linear sliding resistance displacement sensor. Observation with an oscilloscope and other equipment can reflect the moving contact more intuitively. The displacement characteristics of the moving contact can also be indirectly calculated. This kind of device has simple structure, convenient use and high resolution, but it is difficult to install and has disadvantages such as wear and friction.
2)电磁式传感测量装置。例如电感式位移传感器，此传感器依据的是电磁感应原理，将被测位移量转换为线圈自感的变化，经过处理，得到电压、电流或频率变化的电信号，从而实现位移测量。其优点是没有摩擦，灵敏度高，测量精度高，测量范围宽。缺点是响应速度慢，不利于高频动态测量，且对线圈供电电源的频率和振幅稳定度要求较高。2) Electromagnetic sensing and measuring device. For example, the inductive displacement sensor, which is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, converts the measured displacement into the change of the self-inductance of the coil, and after processing, obtains an electrical signal of voltage, current or frequency change, thereby realizing displacement measurement. Its advantages are no friction, high sensitivity, high measurement accuracy and wide measurement range. The disadvantage is that the response speed is slow, which is not conducive to high-frequency dynamic measurement, and has high requirements for the frequency and amplitude stability of the coil power supply.
3)光电式传感测量装置。常用的光电式传感器是光栅，它是通过计量光栅的莫尔条纹现象进行测量的。通过对输出脉冲进行计数，间接得到被测机构的运动时间，结合光栅间距，可以计算出运动速度。光栅式测速装置的测量精度很搞，量程大，抗干扰能力强，但是其工艺复杂且对工作环境敏感，抗冲击和震动能力不强，易受油污和尘埃的影响。3) Photoelectric sensor measuring device. The commonly used photoelectric sensor is a grating, which is measured by the Moiré fringe phenomenon of the metering grating. By counting the output pulses, the movement time of the mechanism under test can be obtained indirectly, and the movement speed can be calculated in combination with the grating spacing. The measurement accuracy of the grating speed measuring device is very high, the measuring range is large, and the anti-interference ability is strong, but its process is complex and sensitive to the working environment, the anti-shock and vibration ability is not strong, and it is easily affected by oil and dust.
4)高速相机测速装置。利用高速相机，获得断路器运动机构上参考标记随着运动机构运动的视频，通过算法的分析和处理，识别出参考标记的运动轨迹，从而间接得到运动机构的位移和速度。此装置直观易懂，但操作复杂，需要编写涉及到机器视觉的识别处理程序，并且设备费用较为昂贵。4) High-speed camera speed measuring device. Using a high-speed camera, the video of the reference mark on the circuit breaker moving mechanism moving with the moving mechanism is obtained, and through the analysis and processing of the algorithm, the movement trajectory of the reference mark is identified, thereby indirectly obtaining the displacement and speed of the moving mechanism. This device is intuitive and easy to understand, but the operation is complicated, and it is necessary to write a recognition processing program involving machine vision, and the equipment cost is relatively expensive.
以上几类断路器速度测试装置，普遍具有传感器固定安装困难，传感器固定不牢，或造成断路器运动卡涩等缺点，因此，会对断路器速度特性的测量产生一定的不利影响。此外，由于制造误差和传感器本身材料特性等原因，传感器的输出特性总存在一定的非线性，它直接影响了检测的精度。The above types of circuit breaker speed test devices generally have the disadvantages of difficult installation of sensors, loose sensor fixation, or jamming of circuit breaker movement. Therefore, it will have certain adverse effects on the measurement of circuit breaker speed characteristics. In addition, due to manufacturing errors and the material characteristics of the sensor itself, there is always a certain nonlinearity in the output characteristics of the sensor, which directly affects the detection accuracy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：针对以上问题，本发明提出一种高压断路器分合闸速度测量装置及方法，该装置便于安装；该方法测量精度高，并能够对位移传感器的非线性进行校正。Purpose of the invention: In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a device and method for measuring the opening and closing speed of a high-voltage circuit breaker. The device is easy to install; the method has high measurement accuracy and can correct the nonlinearity of the displacement sensor.
技术方案：为实现本发明的目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种具有自校准功能的高压断路器分合闸速度测量装置，传感器安装框架、位移传感器、智能测速控制器；位移传感器通过传感器安装框架安装在高压断路器上，智能测速控制器实时采集位移传感器的输出电压信号，校正和计算后输出动触头的位移-时间曲线。Technical solution: In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a high-voltage circuit breaker opening and closing speed measurement device with self-calibration function, sensor installation frame, displacement sensor, intelligent speed measurement controller; displacement sensor Installed on the high-voltage circuit breaker through the sensor installation frame, the intelligent speed measuring controller collects the output voltage signal of the displacement sensor in real time, and outputs the displacement-time curve of the moving contact after correction and calculation.
进一步地，智能测速控制器包括电源模块、控制模块、A/D模块、人机交互模块和输出模块。Further, the intelligent speed measuring controller includes a power supply module, a control module, an A/D module, a human-computer interaction module and an output module.
进一步地，智能测速控制器采用非线性校正程序对位移传感器进行实时校正，非线性校正程序采用插值计算以及查表的方法。Furthermore, the intelligent speed measurement controller uses a nonlinear correction program to correct the displacement sensor in real time, and the nonlinear correction program uses interpolation calculation and table look-up methods.
进一步地，传感器安装框架上设置直线导向轴，位移传感器通过轴承连接直线导向轴。Further, a linear guide shaft is arranged on the sensor installation frame, and the displacement sensor is connected to the linear guide shaft through a bearing.
进一步地，传感器安装框架上设置限位模块。Further, a limit module is set on the sensor installation frame.
进一步地，人机交互模块包括显示器和按键。Further, the human-computer interaction module includes a display and buttons.
一种高压断路器分合闸速度测量方法，具体包括以下步骤：A method for measuring the opening and closing speed of a high-voltage circuit breaker, specifically comprising the following steps:
(1)采集采样点的位置数据和输出电压数据；(1) Collect the position data and output voltage data of the sampling point;
(2)对采样点数据进行线性化插值计算；(2) Carry out linearized interpolation calculation to sampling point data;
(3)实时采集输出电压；(3) Collect output voltage in real time;
(4)通过查找线性化插值计算结果的方法，得到实时位置。(4) Obtain the real-time position by searching the linearized interpolation calculation result.
进一步地，步骤(2)中将计算结果以表格形式存储。Further, in step (2), the calculation results are stored in table form.
有益效果：本发明通过非线性插值以及查表的方法对位移传感器的非线性特性进行实时校正和输出，使输出的位移-时间曲线更接近动触头的实际运动曲线；能够自动完成高压断路器分合闸位移曲线的计算和输出，测量精度高，能适应不同场合的需要。Beneficial effects: the present invention corrects and outputs the nonlinear characteristics of the displacement sensor in real time through nonlinear interpolation and table look-up methods, so that the output displacement-time curve is closer to the actual motion curve of the moving contact; it can automatically complete the high-voltage circuit breaker The calculation and output of the opening and closing displacement curves have high measurement accuracy and can meet the needs of different occasions.
本发明的传感器安装框架部分设置直线导向轴，可保证位移传感器沿直线运行，提高测量精度的同时对传感器起到保护作用；可通过智能控制器的按键手动标定位移传感器运动端位置，从而能随时对位移传感器的非线性进行校正操作；整个装置使用可循环充电锂电池作为电源，方便装置的拆装及使用。The sensor mounting frame part of the present invention is provided with a linear guide shaft, which can ensure that the displacement sensor runs along a straight line and protect the sensor while improving the measurement accuracy; the position of the moving end of the displacement sensor can be manually calibrated through the buttons of the intelligent controller, so that the displacement sensor can be moved at any time Correct the nonlinearity of the displacement sensor; the whole device uses a rechargeable lithium battery as a power source, which is convenient for disassembly and use of the device.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的高压断路器分合闸速度测量装置；Fig. 1 is a high-voltage circuit breaker opening and closing speed measuring device of the present invention;
图2是测量装置安装在高压断路器上的示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the measuring device installed on the high-voltage circuit breaker;
图3是智能测速控制器示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent speed measuring controller;
图4是位移传感器非线性校正的过程示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the process of nonlinear correction of the displacement sensor;
图5是控制器芯片存储流程图；Fig. 5 is a flow chart of controller chip storage;
图6是本发明的测量装置测量流程图。Fig. 6 is a measurement flowchart of the measuring device of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示是本发明所述的具有自校准功能的高压断路器分合闸速度测量装置，如图2所示是测量装置安装在高压断路器上的示意图。测量装置包括传感器安装框架、位移传感器、智能测速控制器；位移传感器通过传感器安装框架安装在高压断路器上，智能测速控制器实时采集位移传感器的输出电压信号，校正和计算后输出动触头的位移-时间曲线。由锂电池通过DC-DC电压变换模块同时给智能测速控制器和位移传感器供电。As shown in Fig. 1 is a high-voltage circuit breaker opening and closing speed measuring device with self-calibration function according to the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measuring device installed on a high-voltage circuit breaker. The measuring device includes a sensor installation frame, a displacement sensor, and an intelligent speed controller; the displacement sensor is installed on the high-voltage circuit breaker through the sensor installation frame, and the intelligent speed controller collects the output voltage signal of the displacement sensor in real time, and outputs the output voltage of the moving contact after correction and calculation. Displacement-time curve. The lithium battery supplies power to the intelligent speed controller and the displacement sensor at the same time through the DC-DC voltage conversion module.
传感器安装框架上设置直线导向轴1，直线导向轴1用于保证位移传感器运动端沿着直线运行，使速度测量结果更加精确。高精度滑阻式直线位移传感器2，该传感器的电阻值随着其运动端的位移而变化，从而输出相对应的电压值。因此，使用A/D模块采集位移传感器的输出电压，通过非线性校正算法，即可得到其运动端所对应的真实位移量。智能测速控制器3具有数据采集、位移传感器非线性矫正、校正结果输出等功能。位移传感器运动端的限位装置4，其作用为限制位移传感器运动端的最大位移和最小位移，从而保证位移传感器在整个测量过程均在有效测量范围内，同时对位移传感器起到保护作用。与直线导向轴配合使用的轴承5，保证了位移传感器运动端的直线运行，提高测量精度的同时对位移传感器进行了保护。A linear guide shaft 1 is arranged on the sensor installation frame, and the linear guide shaft 1 is used to ensure that the moving end of the displacement sensor runs along a straight line, so that the speed measurement result is more accurate. High-precision sliding resistance linear displacement sensor 2, the resistance value of the sensor changes with the displacement of its moving end, thereby outputting a corresponding voltage value. Therefore, use the A/D module to collect the output voltage of the displacement sensor, and through the nonlinear correction algorithm, the real displacement corresponding to the moving end can be obtained. Intelligent speed measuring controller 3 has the functions of data acquisition, nonlinear correction of displacement sensor, output of correction results, etc. The limit device 4 at the moving end of the displacement sensor is used to limit the maximum displacement and the minimum displacement of the moving end of the displacement sensor, so as to ensure that the displacement sensor is within the effective measurement range during the entire measurement process, and at the same time protect the displacement sensor. The bearing 5 used in conjunction with the linear guide shaft ensures the linear operation of the moving end of the displacement sensor, improves the measurement accuracy and protects the displacement sensor.
传感器安装框架上设置了带法兰的直线轴承和导向轴。直线轴承是一种精度高、成本低、摩擦阻力小的直线运动系统，其外圈之内有钢球保持架，保持架装有多个滚球，滚球作无限循环运动。直线轴承配合相应尺寸的导向轴，利用滚珠的滚动实现摩擦系数非常低的相对直线运动。由于承载球与导向轴呈点接触，使用载荷小，钢球以极小的磨擦阻力旋转，因此能获得高精度的平稳运动。位移传感器运动端与直线轴承通过法兰模块连接在一起，保证了其在工作时严格沿着直线方向运动，避免了由于传感器安装问题导致的方向偏移而降低测量结果的精度。同时，此设置也对位移传感器进行了保护，减少其他方向的偏移对位移传感器造成的损坏。A linear bearing with a flange and a guide shaft are set on the sensor mounting frame. Linear bearing is a linear motion system with high precision, low cost and low frictional resistance. There is a steel ball cage inside the outer ring, and the cage is equipped with multiple rolling balls. The rolling balls move in an infinite cycle. The linear bearing cooperates with the guide shaft of the corresponding size, and uses the rolling of the ball to realize the relative linear motion with a very low friction coefficient. Because the bearing ball is in point contact with the guide shaft, the load is small, and the steel ball rotates with extremely small frictional resistance, so it can obtain high-precision and smooth motion. The moving end of the displacement sensor and the linear bearing are connected together through the flange module to ensure that it moves strictly along the straight line during work, avoiding the direction deviation caused by the sensor installation problem and reducing the accuracy of the measurement results. At the same time, this setting also protects the displacement sensor, reducing the damage to the displacement sensor caused by the offset in other directions.
传感器安装框架上设置了位移传感器运动端限位装置。通常直线位移传感器运动拉杆的行程可分为有效行程、电气总行程和机械行程三种。有效行程又称为电阻行程，是指电阻从0到最大值的行程距离，在此范围内电阻随着拉杆运动而变化；电气行程包括了有效行程及其左右部分的无阻区；机械行程则大于电气行程，是位移传感器运动端可行进的最大行程。在整体安装框架上设置位移传感器运动端限位装置，只使用位移传感器的有效行程进行测量操作，可避免由于位移进入了拉杆行程的非有效部分而造成的测量误差。同时，限位模块还能避免当测量行程超过传感器量程时对传感器造成的损坏。A limit device for the moving end of the displacement sensor is arranged on the sensor installation frame. Generally, the stroke of the linear displacement sensor motion rod can be divided into three types: effective stroke, electrical total stroke and mechanical stroke. The effective stroke is also called the resistance stroke, which refers to the stroke distance of the resistance from 0 to the maximum value. Within this range, the resistance changes with the movement of the pull rod; the electrical stroke includes the effective stroke and the unimpeded area of the left and right parts; the mechanical stroke is greater than The electrical stroke is the maximum stroke that the moving end of the displacement sensor can travel. The moving end limit device of the displacement sensor is set on the overall installation frame, and only the effective stroke of the displacement sensor is used for measurement operation, which can avoid the measurement error caused by the displacement entering the non-effective part of the rod stroke. At the same time, the limit module can also avoid damage to the sensor when the measuring stroke exceeds the range of the sensor.
锂电池的能量密度大，输出功率大，自放电小，工作温度范围宽，循环性能优越，可快速充放电且充电效率高，此外使用寿命长，不含有毒有害物质，是一种绿色电池。本发明的电源模块以可充电锂电池为电源，通过DC-DC电压模块进行电压变换后，得到所需稳定电压，给控制器和位移传感器供电。同时，智能测速控制器所选器件皆以低功耗为标准。使用锂电池作为电源，可使整个装置更加简单，相较于通过电源线接插插座或开关电源的方法，大大提高了安装便捷性以及对工作环境的适应性。Lithium batteries have high energy density, high output power, small self-discharge, wide operating temperature range, excellent cycle performance, fast charging and discharging, and high charging efficiency. In addition, they have a long service life and do not contain toxic and harmful substances. They are green batteries. The power supply module of the present invention uses a rechargeable lithium battery as a power supply, and after voltage conversion is performed by a DC-DC voltage module, the required stable voltage is obtained to supply power to the controller and the displacement sensor. At the same time, the devices selected by the intelligent speed controller are all based on low power consumption. Using a lithium battery as a power source can make the whole device simpler. Compared with the method of plugging the power cord into a socket or switching the power supply, it greatly improves the convenience of installation and the adaptability to the working environment.
如图3所示，整个智能测速控制器主要分为电源模块、A/D模块、控制模块、人机交互模块和输出模块五个部分。电源模块由锂电池供电，经过DC-DC电压变换模块处理后，得到稳定电压，为其他模块以及高精度直线位移传感器供电。为了延长锂电池一次充电能够使用的时间，电源模块以及其他模块皆选用低功耗器件。并且在控制器上设置电源开关，无需使用测速装置时，可手动断开电源。A/D模块选用16位高精度并行输出模/数芯片，工作时可对位移传感器输出电压进行高速实时采样，并与控制模块通过并行接口进行数据传输。控制模块以高速、低功耗单片机为核心，在工作模式时，通过I/O口与A/D模块和人机交互模块进行数据的传输，同时，通过查表的方法，对A/D模块采样结果进行非线性校正，从而得到高压断路器动触头的真实位移值，从而以一定比例发送到D/A接口以电压形式输出。人机交互模块主要包括LCD液晶显示器和按键两部分。LCD液晶显示器用于显示测量结果和操作提示语，同时配合按键，可随时对位移传感非线性校正数据进行采集。数字量输出采用RS485通信协议，通过人机交互界面选择此功能，可将测量结果以数字信号输出到上位机，以便计算和处理。此外，为保证转换的精度和数据传输的速度，模拟量输出部分使用16位并行输入D/A转换芯片。控制模块在非线性校正工作完成后，以一定比例将校正结果通过并行接口传送到D/A模块输入接口，以电压形式输出。通过外部电压检测设备获取此输出电压后，即可按照合适标准对断路器的速度特性进行计算和分析。此测速控制器能够自动完成位移传感器输出电压的采集、校正，并将校正得到的实际位移结果以一定比例通过D/A模块输出。具有简单便捷、效率高、精度高的优点。As shown in Figure 3, the entire intelligent speed measuring controller is mainly divided into five parts: power supply module, A/D module, control module, human-computer interaction module and output module. The power module is powered by a lithium battery. After being processed by the DC-DC voltage conversion module, a stable voltage is obtained to supply power to other modules and high-precision linear displacement sensors. In order to prolong the time that the lithium battery can be used for a single charge, the power module and other modules all use low-power devices. In addition, a power switch is set on the controller, and the power supply can be manually disconnected when the speed measuring device is not used. The A/D module uses a 16-bit high-precision parallel output analog/digital chip, which can perform high-speed real-time sampling of the output voltage of the displacement sensor during operation, and perform data transmission with the control module through a parallel interface. The control module is based on a high-speed, low-power single-chip microcomputer. In the working mode, it transmits data with the A/D module and the human-computer interaction module through the I/O port. The sampling results are subjected to non-linear correction, so as to obtain the real displacement value of the moving contact of the high-voltage circuit breaker, which is sent to the D/A interface at a certain ratio for output in the form of voltage. The human-computer interaction module mainly includes two parts: LCD liquid crystal display and buttons. The LCD liquid crystal display is used to display the measurement results and operation prompts. At the same time, with the buttons, the nonlinear correction data of the displacement sensor can be collected at any time. The digital output adopts the RS485 communication protocol. If this function is selected through the human-computer interaction interface, the measurement results can be output to the host computer as digital signals for calculation and processing. In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of conversion and the speed of data transmission, the analog output part uses a 16-bit parallel input D/A conversion chip. After the nonlinear correction work is completed, the control module transmits the correction result to the input interface of the D/A module through the parallel interface at a certain ratio, and outputs it in the form of voltage. After obtaining this output voltage through an external voltage detection device, the speed characteristics of the circuit breaker can be calculated and analyzed according to appropriate standards. This speed measuring controller can automatically complete the collection and correction of the output voltage of the displacement sensor, and output the actual displacement result obtained by correction through the D/A module in a certain proportion. The invention has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, high efficiency and high precision.
本发明的控制模块采用以低功耗单片机为核心的控制电路。当电源开关打开，装置通电后，控制模块进入工作模式，与负责采集位移传感器输出电压的A/D模块进行实时通信，对采集结果进行处理、校正以及计算，并将校正后的结果以一定比例发送到D/A模块转换为电压值输出。The control module of the invention adopts a control circuit with a low-power single-chip microcomputer as the core. When the power switch is turned on and the device is powered on, the control module enters the working mode, communicates with the A/D module responsible for collecting the output voltage of the displacement sensor in real time, processes, corrects and calculates the collected results, and converts the corrected results to a certain ratio. Send to the D/A module for conversion into voltage value output.
本发明的控制模块采用插值计算和查表的算法对位移传感器的特性曲线进行非线性校正。由于制造误差和传感器本身材料特性等原因，传感器的输入—输出特性曲线总存在一定的非线性，它直接影响了检测和控制系统的精度。目前采用的传感器非线性矫正方法有神经网络算法、归十算法、改进遗传算法、支持向量机算法等，然而这些方法算法复杂，编程难度大，且复杂系统会引入新的系统误差。本发明通过手动对位移传感器位移-电压数据进行采集，控制器使用线性化分段插值的方法对采集结果进行数据拟合，并将计算结果以表格形式写入控制模块程序中。在传感器进行工作时，对应任意的采集电压U，控制器总可以通过查表的方法得到位移的真实值S，从而实现对位移传感器的非线性矫正，获得更高的测量精度。The control module of the invention uses the algorithm of interpolation calculation and look-up table to perform nonlinear correction on the characteristic curve of the displacement sensor. Due to the manufacturing error and the material characteristics of the sensor itself, there is always a certain nonlinearity in the input-output characteristic curve of the sensor, which directly affects the accuracy of the detection and control system. Currently used sensor nonlinear correction methods include neural network algorithm, return-to-tenth algorithm, improved genetic algorithm, support vector machine algorithm, etc. However, these methods have complex algorithms, difficult programming, and complex systems will introduce new system errors. The present invention manually collects the displacement-voltage data of the displacement sensor, and the controller uses a linearized segmental interpolation method to perform data fitting on the collected results, and writes the calculation results into the control module program in the form of a table. When the sensor is working, corresponding to any acquisition voltage U, the controller can always obtain the real value S of the displacement through the method of looking up the table, so as to realize the nonlinear correction of the displacement sensor and obtain higher measurement accuracy.
如图4所示，位移传感器非线性校正的过程可分为两部分。第一部分为校正模式：通过控制器的人机交互界面，手动选择校正采样点数和采样点位置，控制器自动获得采样点的位移、电压数据；然后单片机对采样点数据进行插值线性化处理，计算得到电压—位移特性曲线；最后，将此曲线以表格形式写入到控制模块的程序中，以便控制器工作时调用。第二部分为测正模式：控制模块发送指令，命令A/D模块对位移传感器的输出电压进行实时采集；控制模块对A/D模块的采集结果进行读取，并计算为实际电压值；通过查表的方法，得到此电压对应的位移传感器运动端的实际位移，即可完成对位移传感器的非线性校正任务。As shown in Figure 4, the process of displacement sensor nonlinear correction can be divided into two parts. The first part is the calibration mode: through the human-computer interaction interface of the controller, manually select the number of calibration sampling points and the location of the sampling points, and the controller automatically obtains the displacement and voltage data of the sampling points; Get the voltage-displacement characteristic curve; finally, write this curve into the program of the control module in the form of a table, so that it can be called when the controller works. The second part is the correction mode: the control module sends an instruction to order the A/D module to collect the output voltage of the displacement sensor in real time; the control module reads the collection result of the A/D module and calculates it as the actual voltage value; The method of looking up the table can obtain the actual displacement of the moving end of the displacement sensor corresponding to this voltage, and then the nonlinear correction task of the displacement sensor can be completed.
本发明的A/D模块使用外部16位并行输出A/D芯片。由于片内A/D的精度通常不是很高，而选用片外A/D，虽然需要占用控制芯片较多的端口资源，但是在控制器I/O口充足的情况下，选择外部A/D芯片，可获得较高的采样精度。此外，考虑到本装置使用环境的特殊性，要求A/D模块与控制模块之间具有较高的数据传输速度。因此，本发明的A/D模块选用16位低功耗并行输出模数转换芯片。在工作期间，A/D模块实时采集位移传感器输出电压信号，同时，使用并行通信方式与控制模块进行数据传输。The A/D module of the present invention uses an external 16-bit parallel output A/D chip. Since the precision of the on-chip A/D is usually not very high, choosing an off-chip A/D requires more port resources of the control chip, but in the case of sufficient I/O ports of the controller, an external A/D is selected. Chip, can obtain higher sampling accuracy. In addition, considering the particularity of the environment in which the device is used, it is required to have a high data transmission speed between the A/D module and the control module. Therefore, the A/D module of the present invention selects a 16-bit low power consumption parallel output analog-to-digital conversion chip. During the working period, the A/D module collects the output voltage signal of the displacement sensor in real time, and at the same time, uses the parallel communication method to transmit data with the control module.
如图5所示，由于控制器芯片存储单位为8位二进制数据，而A/D芯片为16为并行数据输出，因此，在每一次A/D采样中，都需要将高八位和低八位数据分别读取。其具体步骤为：As shown in Figure 5, since the storage unit of the controller chip is 8-bit binary data, and the A/D chip is 16-bit parallel data output, therefore, in each A/D sampling, it is necessary to convert the high eight bits and the low eight bits Bit data is read separately. The specific steps are:
(1)初始化，复位A/D芯片，设置地址和各项命令参数，然后到步骤(2)(1) Initialize, reset the A/D chip, set the address and various command parameters, and then go to step (2)
(2)延时一定时间，等待通道开关稳定，然后到步骤(3)；(2) Delay for a certain period of time, wait for the channel switch to stabilize, and then go to step (3);
(3)发送启动指令，启动A/D转换，然后到步骤(4)；(3) send start command, start A/D conversion, then to step (4);
(4)检查转换是否结束，如果未结束则继续步骤(4)，如果结束则到步骤(5)；(4) Check whether the conversion is over, if not over then continue step (4), if over then go to step (5);
(5)重置标志位，等待相应下一次转换指令，然后到步骤(6)；(5) Reset the flag, wait for the corresponding next conversion instruction, and then go to step (6);
(6)控制模块通过串口读入A/D结果寄存器的高八位数据，然后到步骤(7)；(6) control module reads in the high eight-bit data of A/D result register by serial port, then to step (7);
(7)控制模块通过串口读入A/D结果寄存器的低八位数据，然后到步骤(8)；(7) control module reads in the lower eight data of A/D result register by serial port, then to step (8);
(8)将16位反算为真实电压值，以便进行非线性矫正和速度计算，然后程序结束。(8) The 16-bit is back-calculated into a real voltage value for nonlinear correction and speed calculation, and then the program ends.
本发明的人机交互模块由显示部分和按键部分组成。显示部分为LCD显示器，用于显示测量结果，以及进行操作、提示语句的显示。按键部分配合显示器，可随时对位移传感器的非线性数据进行手动采集，此数据通过控制器处理后，用于测量过程中对位移传感器的非线性校正工作。The human-computer interaction module of the present invention is composed of a display part and a button part. The display part is an LCD display, which is used to display the measurement results, as well as display the operation and prompt sentences. The button part cooperates with the display to manually collect the nonlinear data of the displacement sensor at any time. After the data is processed by the controller, it is used for the nonlinear correction of the displacement sensor during the measurement process.
本发明的输出模块分为数字量输出和模拟量输出两部分，数字量输出采用RS485通信协议，通过人机交互界面选择此功能，可将测量结果以数字信号输出到上位机，以便计算和处理。此外，为保证转换的精度和数据传输的速度，模拟量输出部分使用16位并行输入D/A转换芯片。控制模块在非线性校正工作完成后，以一定比例将校正结果通过并行接口传送到D/A模块输入接口，以电压形式输出。通过外部电压检测设备获取此输出电压后，即可按照合适标准对断路器的速度特性进行计算和分析。The output module of the present invention is divided into two parts: digital output and analog output. The digital output adopts the RS485 communication protocol. By selecting this function through the man-machine interaction interface, the measurement results can be output to the host computer as digital signals for calculation and processing. . In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of conversion and the speed of data transmission, the analog output part uses a 16-bit parallel input D/A conversion chip. After the nonlinear correction work is completed, the control module transmits the correction result to the input interface of the D/A module through the parallel interface at a certain ratio, and outputs it in the form of voltage. After obtaining this output voltage through an external voltage detection device, the speed characteristics of the circuit breaker can be calculated and analyzed according to appropriate standards.
如图6所示，进行测量时，先进行初始化，设置单片机以及显示器各项默认参数，通过显示面板按键选择进行位移传感器的非线性校正，具体步骤如下：As shown in Figure 6, when measuring, first initialize, set the default parameters of the single-chip microcomputer and the display, and select the nonlinear correction of the displacement sensor through the buttons on the display panel. The specific steps are as follows:
(1)采样并记录采样点的实时电压和实时位置；(1) Sampling and recording the real-time voltage and real-time position of the sampling point;
(2)对采样数据进行线性化插值计算，得到校正结果；(2) Carry out linearized interpolation calculation on the sampled data to obtain the correction result;
(3)将线性化插值得到的结果以表格形式存储至控制器EEPROM中，以便调用；(3) Store the result obtained by the linearized interpolation in the controller EEPROM in tabular form, so as to call;
(4)对位移传感器的输出电压进行实时采集；(4) Real-time acquisition of the output voltage of the displacement sensor;
(5)根据采样电压查表，得到此电压对应的位移传感器运动端的实时位置；(5) Look up the table according to the sampling voltage to obtain the real-time position of the moving end of the displacement sensor corresponding to the voltage;
(6)控制模块对A/D模块采集的实时电压通过D/A模块计算为实际电压值，和校正的实时位置一起输出。(6) The control module calculates the real-time voltage collected by the A/D module as an actual voltage value through the D/A module, and outputs it together with the corrected real-time position.
生成表格之后，通过显示面板按键选择不进行位移传感器的非线性校正，可以直接利用表格进行测量，具体步骤如下：After the table is generated, you can directly use the table for measurement by selecting not to perform nonlinear correction of the displacement sensor through the buttons on the display panel. The specific steps are as follows:
(1)实时采集输出电压；(1) Real-time acquisition of output voltage;
(2)通过查表的方法，得到此电压对应的位移传感器运动端的实时位置；(2) Obtain the real-time position of the displacement sensor moving end corresponding to this voltage by the method of looking up the table;
(3)控制模块对A/D模块采集的实时电压通过D/A模块计算为实际电压值，和校正的实时位置一起输出。(3) The control module calculates the real-time voltage collected by the A/D module as the actual voltage value through the D/A module, and outputs it together with the corrected real-time position.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710659575.8ACN107238797A (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | High-voltage circuit-breaker switching on-off velocity measuring device and method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710659575.8ACN107238797A (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | High-voltage circuit-breaker switching on-off velocity measuring device and method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107238797Atrue CN107238797A (en) | 2017-10-10 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710659575.8APendingCN107238797A (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | High-voltage circuit-breaker switching on-off velocity measuring device and method |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107238797A (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113406420A (en)* | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-17 | 江阴市懿泓电气有限公司 | Electromagnet dynamic characteristic detection device |
| CN115453141A (en)* | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-09 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Three-phase transfer speed measuring device of circuit breaker |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101261192A (en)* | 2008-04-24 | 2008-09-10 | 南京因泰莱配电自动化设备有限公司 | 24KV high-voltage vacuum breaker mechanical features on-line monitoring method and monitoring device |
| CN201681143U (en)* | 2010-03-23 | 2010-12-22 | 西安工程大学 | Online monitoring device for mechanical characteristic of high-voltage circuit breaker |
| CN203825161U (en)* | 2014-03-19 | 2014-09-10 | 河南森海电气有限公司 | Circuit breaker opening and closing speed detection apparatus |
| CN205049323U (en)* | 2015-06-18 | 2016-02-24 | 国家电网公司 | Vacuum circuit breaker mechanical characteristic testing arrangement |
| CN205580370U (en)* | 2016-03-02 | 2016-09-14 | 河南平高电气股份有限公司 | Linear displacement sensor device |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101261192A (en)* | 2008-04-24 | 2008-09-10 | 南京因泰莱配电自动化设备有限公司 | 24KV high-voltage vacuum breaker mechanical features on-line monitoring method and monitoring device |
| CN201681143U (en)* | 2010-03-23 | 2010-12-22 | 西安工程大学 | Online monitoring device for mechanical characteristic of high-voltage circuit breaker |
| CN203825161U (en)* | 2014-03-19 | 2014-09-10 | 河南森海电气有限公司 | Circuit breaker opening and closing speed detection apparatus |
| CN205049323U (en)* | 2015-06-18 | 2016-02-24 | 国家电网公司 | Vacuum circuit breaker mechanical characteristic testing arrangement |
| CN205580370U (en)* | 2016-03-02 | 2016-09-14 | 河南平高电气股份有限公司 | Linear displacement sensor device |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113406420A (en)* | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-17 | 江阴市懿泓电气有限公司 | Electromagnet dynamic characteristic detection device |
| CN115453141A (en)* | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-09 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Three-phase transfer speed measuring device of circuit breaker |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100480636C (en) | Digital capacitance corner sensor calibrating system and calibrating method | |
| CN102759707A (en) | Dynamic characteristic testing instrument | |
| CN102426066A (en) | Switching detection circuit using multi-channel PT100 thermistors as temperature sensor | |
| CN107084818A (en) | A kind of calibration method of high-precision pressure sensor chip | |
| CN103398793A (en) | Temperature measuring device based on thermocouple cold end compensation technology | |
| CN203337299U (en) | Resistance strain-type multi-channel high-accuracy force measurement system | |
| CN103344295A (en) | Electronic water meter | |
| CN107238797A (en) | High-voltage circuit-breaker switching on-off velocity measuring device and method | |
| CN104459547A (en) | Battery detection device and method | |
| CN203949716U (en) | A kind of digital weighing sensor | |
| CN206990754U (en) | High-voltage circuit-breaker switching on-off velocity measuring device | |
| CN202662025U (en) | a scanning gun | |
| CN101587143A (en) | CT charge on-line detection device and detection method | |
| CN221174848U (en) | Improved peak detection circuit | |
| CN102916400A (en) | Over-torque protection control device and method for three-phase electric executor | |
| CN210142167U (en) | Switching-on and switching-off speed measuring device for vacuum contactor or vacuum circuit breaker | |
| CN202204616U (en) | Switching detection circuit using multiple PT100 thermistors as temperature sensors | |
| CN205691645U (en) | A kind of signal detection system | |
| CN202794345U (en) | Intelligent dust storm electric field measuring system with adjustable range based on shield probe | |
| CN211235995U (en) | Current acquisition equipment | |
| CN204649928U (en) | A circuit breaker fault state diagnosis device | |
| CN101782387A (en) | Remote hydrographic water resource data collecting and processing system | |
| CN205484497U (en) | Novel intelligence join in marriage net electric power signal transducer | |
| CN210803610U (en) | Multifunctional instrument for actively reporting sampling data recording analysis contrast abnormity | |
| CN209446663U (en) | A kind of analog signal monitoring of peak device |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | Inventor after:Yang Jinggang Inventor after:Tao Jiagui Inventor after:Wang Jingjun Inventor after:Liu Tong Inventor after:Teng Yun Inventor after:Liu Yuan Inventor after:Li Yujie Inventor after:Song Siqi Inventor after:Zhao Ke Inventor after:Gao Shan Inventor after:Ding Ran Inventor after:Bian Chao Inventor after:Jia Yongyong Inventor after:Li Hongtao Inventor after:Zhang Guogang Inventor after:Deng Jinqiu Inventor before:Liu Tong Inventor before:Tao Jiagui Inventor before:Teng Yun Inventor before:Liu Yuan Inventor before:Li Yujie Inventor before:Song Siqi Inventor before:Kang Zhen Inventor before:Zhao Ke Inventor before:Wang Jingjun Inventor before:Gao Shan Inventor before:Yang Jinggang Inventor before:Jia Yongyong Inventor before:Zhang Guogang Inventor before:Deng Jinqiu Inventor before:Li Hongtao | |
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20171010 | |
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |