A kind of dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide and methodTechnical field
Monitor field the present invention relates to geology, more particularly to a kind of dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide andMethod.
Background technology
Settlement monitoring is the important monitoring feature in landslide one, and existing mountain landslide supervision method mainly has ground epitopeMove the monitoring methods, these sides such as monitoring (being high-precision satellite navigation positioning), slit gauge, deep displacement deviational survey, soil pressure cellMethod presently, there are the problems such as application limitation, cost are high, monitoring location density is not enough, be specially：
First, high-precision satellite navigation positioning measurement carries out difference RTK resolvings to receive the Big Dipper, gps satellite signal, with wirelessElectric range measurement principle, several millimeters of positioning precision is resolved with ten thousand kilometers of 2-3 distance；There is receiver cost height, communication in this methodCostly, resolving software algorithm difficulty is big and is unable to the shortcoming of penetration and promotion.Simultaneously as satellite-signal can not be blocked, thereforeRequirement to landslide morphology and vegetative coverage is high, and this method is not suitable for the luxuriant mountain area of vegetation.In addition, satellite positioning surveys methodSettlement measurement precision be less than horizontal displacement measure precision, and, in landslide monitoring, the monitoring of sedimentation is highly important prisonSurvey one of index.
2nd, slit gauge can only monitor landslide trailing edge tension fracture, and monitored area is limited, can only be used as a kind of supplement monitoring sideMethod.
3rd, deep displacement deviational survey is that drilling deep hole installs deviational survey bar or inclinometer pipe in massif, and not only construction cost is high, andThe selection of monitoring point quantity and monitoring location can directly affect the monitoring effect degree of accuracy.
4th, soil pressure cell is to coordinate harnessing project to be arranged on measurement of the friction pile earth-retaining planar survey soil body to friction pile pressureDetecting element, soil pressure cell needs to coordinate friction pile to use, it is impossible to used as emergency monitoring.
For potential landslide, sliding surface is larger, and is difficult to find fixing point as basic point on larger sliding surfaceFor installing measuring apparatus, although distant, the locating distance that the base station of high-precision satellite navigation positioning measurement can be installedFrom with measurement accuracy inverse ratio, mounting distance is more remote, and measurement accuracy is lower, therefore, the above method is present also mainly asks in the presence of oneTopic：Landslide sliding surface is difficult to find the fixing point for installing measuring apparatus, and the mounting process of measuring apparatus requires high.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide and method, so as to solveCertainly foregoing problems present in prior art.
To achieve these goals, the dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide of the present invention, the systemIncluding：Pressurized gas cylinder pressure control unit, liquid level control unit, power supply and control end；The power supply adds with described respectivelyPressure tank control unit, the liquid level control unit and the control end of calming the anger are powered connection, the control end respectively withThe pressurized gas cylinder pressure control unit and the communication connection of liquid level control unit；The pressurized gas cylinder pressure control unit bagInclude the air compressor being sequentially connected with, electric contact air gauge and pressurized gas cylinder, the air compressor and the electric contact air pressureFirst electrically operated valve is set between table；The liquid level control unit includes fluid reservoir and multiple monitoring tanks, the fluid reservoirThe bottom of slope of massif to be measured is arranged on, multiple monitoring tanks are pushed up from bottom of slope to slope to be set gradually, and is led between two neighboring monitoring tankConduit connection is crossed, is connected between the fluid reservoir and the monitoring tank connected at first with the fluid reservoir by bottom communicating pipe；InstituteThe top for stating fluid reservoir is connected with the pressurized gas cylinder.
Preferably, the top of the fluid reservoir sets the 3rd electrically operated valve；Liquid manometer is set on the fluid reservoir；InstituteState and the second electrically operated valve is set between fluid reservoir and the pressurized gas cylinder；The bottom of the fluid reservoir sets emptying rate of liquid valve.
Preferably, the gas outlet of the pressurized gas cylinder is connected with the top of the fluid reservoir.
Preferably, the mountain top peak of the massif to be measured sets a monitoring tank A, and the top of the monitoring tank A is setPut exhaust outlet.
Preferably, the agent structure of the monitoring tank is column construction, and the lower end of the column construction sets inlet, instituteThe upper end for stating column construction sets liquid outlet；The inside of the column construction sets telescopic liquid level sensor.
Measuring method of the present invention based on the dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide, methods described bagInclude：
S1, completes the company of each measurement apparatus in the dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide on massif to be measuredConnect；
S2, single settlement measurement monitoring is carried out to upper body to be measured, and the single settlement measurement monitoring includes the survey of liquid level liftAmount and liquid level drop journey measurement；
The liquid level lift measurement, be specially：Pressurization starts, and the compressed air in pressurized gas cylinder is pressurizeed into fluid reservoir,The liquid level of the liquid of fluid reservoir memory storage declines, and flows to the monitoring tank arranged on massif to be measured liquid runs down bottom communicating pipe successivelyIn, until when the monitoring tank A that mountain top peak is set is filled by liquid, pressurization stops, the air in the communicating pipe of bottom is from monitoringTank A exhaust outlet discharge；Obtain during any one monitoring tank B enters to from liquid and filled by liquid, monitor liquid level in tank BMultiple level values fluid reservoir corresponding with any one level value liquid pressure measurement value；In the level value of each monitoring tankOn the basis of the liquid pressure measurement value corresponding to the level value of the monitoring tank, the height of monitoring point where obtaining each monitoring tankJourney sedimentation and deformation value, the elevation sedimentation and deformation value of each monitoring point and the history height value of each monitoring point are compared, draws and treatsSurvey whether massif comes down；
The liquid level drop journey measurement, be specially：The 3rd electrically operated valve of the fluid reservoir is opened, by the fluid reservoirForced air discharges fluid reservoir, in the process, and liquid level is begun to decline in monitoring tank A liquid, until the bottom communicating pipeThe interior liquid page is identical with the height of the liquid page of the fluid reservoir；The liquid level in any one monitoring tank B is obtained underDuring drop, the fluid pressure for obtaining monitoring tank B multiple level values fluid reservoir corresponding with any one level value is surveyedValue；On the basis of the liquid pressure measurement value corresponding to the level value of each monitoring tank and the level value of the monitoring tank, obtainTo the elevation sedimentation and deformation value of monitoring point where each monitoring tank, by the elevation sedimentation and deformation value of each monitoring point and each monitoringThe history height value of point is compared, and show whether massif to be measured comes down；
Liquid level, which declines, to be stopped, and the 3rd electrically operated valve is closed, and completes to monitor the single settlement measurement of massif to be measured.
Preferably, the agent structure of the monitoring tank is column construction, and the lower end of the column construction sets inlet, instituteThe upper end for stating column construction sets liquid outlet；The inside of the column construction sets telescopic liquid level sensor, the fluid reservoirUpper setting liquid manometer.
Preferably, the precision of the telescopic liquid level sensor is far above the precision of liquid manometer, and described telescopicThe range of liquid level sensor is more than the minimum resolution of liquid manometer.
Preferably, the telescopic liquid level sensor includes ball float, guide rod and liquid level gauge, and the ball float is slidably connected at instituteState on guide rod, the top of the guide rod connects the liquid level gauge, and the guide rod is inserted in the column construction, and the guide rodHeight is identical with the cavity heights of the column construction.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The method of the invention solves the measurement of many point heights, by original static level spot measurement, becomes dynamicThe continuous measurement of the level of multiple spot, is particularly suitable for use in the monitoring of continuous multiple elevational points.The sedimentation deformation monitoring of such as landslide.
The method of the invention directly measures the changing value for obtaining landslide elevation direction, with measurement accuracy it is high,The characteristics of mounting process requires low, is adapted to landslide settlement monitoring.
The method of the invention, which is realized, continuously measures multiple continuous Level monitoring points, particularly monitor liquid level gauge in tank withLiquid manometer measurement in a closed series in fluid reservoir, substantially increases system monitoring precision (submillimeter level), meets landslide prisonThe demand of gauge model, preferable monitoring method is provided for mountain landslide supervision.And this set system bulk is little, it is necessary to canTo be embedded in inside massif soil at shallow-layer, breather line and heat-dissipating space are only stayed, prevents accidental destruction and low temperature to liquidThe influence of measurement.
The monitoring tank of the peak used in the method for the invention is arranged on mountain top in mountain top, the application and is used as fixationIndex point, so that the problem of fixing point is relatively difficult need to be looked for by solving.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for monitoring tank；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that landslide massif installs the dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide；
Wherein：1 is air compressor, and 2 be the first electrically operated valve, and 3 be electric contact air gauge, and 4 be pressurized gas cylinder, and 5 beTwo electrically operated valves, 6 be fluid reservoir, and 7 be liquid manometer, and 8 be emptying rate of liquid valve, and 9 be the 3rd electrically operated valve, and 10 be measurement liquidBody, 11 be bottom cross over pipe, and 12-1,12-2,12-3,12-4,12-5 represent to monitor tank, and 13 be exhaust outlet, and 14 be float, 15It is guide rod, 16 be liquid level gauge, and 17 be massif to be measured, and 18 be potential landslide trailing edge crack.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is enteredRow is further described.It should be appreciated that embodiment described herein is not used to only to explain the present inventionLimit the present invention.
Embodiment
Reference picture 1, dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide described in the present embodiment, the system includes：PlusCalm the anger pressure tank control unit, liquid level control unit, power supply and control end；The power supply respectively with the pressurized gas cylinder pressurePower control unit, the liquid level control unit and the control end are powered connection, the control end respectively with the pressurizationGas tank pressure control unit and the communication connection of liquid level control unit；The pressurized gas cylinder pressure control unit includes sequentially connectingAir compressor 1, electric contact air gauge 3 and the pressurized gas cylinder 4 connect, the air compressor 1 and the electric contact air gauge 3 itBetween the first electrically operated valve 2 is set；The liquid level control unit includes fluid reservoir 6 and multiple monitoring tanks, and the fluid reservoir 6 is setThe bottom of slope in massif to be measured is put, multiple monitoring tanks are pushed up from bottom of slope to slope to be set gradually, and is passed through between two neighboring monitoring tankConduit is connected, and is connected between the fluid reservoir 6 and the monitoring tank connected at first with the fluid reservoir 6 by bottom communicating pipe 11；The top of the fluid reservoir 6 is connected with the pressurized gas cylinder 4.
In the present embodiment, the top of the fluid reservoir 6 sets the 3rd electrically operated valve 9；Liquid is set on the fluid reservoir 6Pressure gauge 7；Second electrically operated valve 5 is set between the fluid reservoir 6 and the pressurized gas cylinder 4；The bottom of the fluid reservoir 6 is setEmptying rate of liquid valve 8.The gas outlet of the pressurized gas cylinder 4 is connected with the top of the fluid reservoir 6.The mountain top of the massif to be measured is mostHigh point sets a monitoring tank A, and the top of the monitoring tank A sets exhaust outlet 13.The agent structure of the monitoring tank is postShape structure, the lower end of the column construction sets inlet, and the upper end of the column construction sets liquid outlet；The column constructionInside telescopic liquid level sensor is set.
Detailed description on system described in the present embodiment：
(1) on pressurized gas cylinder pressure control unit
Air compressor 1 provides pneumatic supply for the dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide, with the first motor-driven valveDoor 2 and electric contact air gauge 3 collectively constitute pressurized gas cylinder pressure control unit, it is ensured that keep enough gas in pressurized gas cylinder 4Pressure, is system stored energy.
(2) when monitoring loop start, the second electrically operated valve 5 is opened, and the air pressure of the inner top of fluid reservoir 6 starts increase,The liquid level of liquid 10 in it, which is pressurized, to be begun to decline, the liquid along in the flow direction monitoring of bottom communicating pipe 11 tank 12-1, monitoring tank 12-1Liquid level is gradually increasing, and is promoted the ball float 14 in it to rise along guide rod 15 and is floated, there is magnet ring and magnetic conductance in guide rod 15 in ball float 14Pipe senses, and ball float height change process is measured by liquid level gauge 16, and precision can reach submillimeter level, and the height of the ball float becomesChange is liquid level change of the liquid in monitoring tank 12-1.Meanwhile, it is installed on the liquid-pressure pick-up 7 of the bottom of fluid reservoir 6The intracavitary bottom liquid pressure of fluid reservoir 6 is measured, by monitoring the change of the liquid level in tank 12-1 and the corresponding intracavitary of fluid reservoir 6Bottom liquid conversion pressure obtains monitoring the height value of tank 12-1 inner float balls 14.
(3) monitoring tank 12-2 extremely monitors the computational methods of tank 12-5 height value and monitors tank 12-1 computational methods phaseTogether.
To the purpose that fluid reservoir 6 pressurizes it is to make system boost process steadily controllable by pressurized gas cylinder 4, reduces pressure oscillationInfluence to liquid manometer 7, by constantly pressurizeing, the liquid level monitored in tank 12-1 constantly rises, and monitoring tank 12-1 expiresLiquid continues to rise after tank, and monitoring tank 12-2, monitoring tank 12-3, monitoring tank 12-4, monitoring tank 12-5, each monitoring are reached one by oneTank monitoring process is the same, reaches the elevation record and the purpose compared of each monitoring point.In pressure process, in bottom communicating pipe 11Air from the monitoring tank 12-5 for being arranged at mountain top highest point end discharge, when liquid level reaches monitoring tank 12-5 tops, pressurizationStop, preventing liquid level from monitoring tank 12-5 outflows.
(4) reference picture 2, Fig. 2 is landslide massif mounting arrangements schematic diagram, and 17 be the massif that may be come down, and 18 arePotential landslide trailing edge crack, monitoring tank 12-1, monitoring tank 12-2, monitoring tank 12-3, monitoring tank 12-4 are arranged on slip massThe position of monitoring is needed, monitoring tank 12-5 is arranged in mountain top point of safes, is used as system reference point.Fluid reservoir 6, pressurized gas cylinder4 and air compressor 1 be arranged in mountain bottom it is stable at.Whole system ensures the height of the liquid levels flowed out along bottom communicating pipe 11What journey gradually rose, so as to the steady flow of liquid 10, should not have time gas retention effects measurement accuracy.
System selected device described in the present embodiment can be market standard model device, pass through reasonable selection, Ke YimanThe most of landslide massif range of foot needs, and equipment volume is less, reserves good heat-dissipating space and breather line, whole system dressPutting can be embedded under massif earth's surface, prevent the influence of accidental destruction and ambient temperature to system.It is described in the present embodimentSystem concept feasible, it is easy to accomplish, possess application value.
Embodiment 2
Measurement side of the present embodiment based on the dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in the landslide described in embodiment 1Method, methods described includes：
S1, completes the connection of each measure setup in the dynamic level multi-point settlement measuring system in landslide；
S2, single settlement measurement monitoring is carried out to upper body to be measured, and the single settlement measurement monitoring includes the survey of liquid level liftAmount and liquid level drop journey measurement；
The liquid level lift measurement, be specially：Pressurization starts, and the compressed air in pressurized gas cylinder 4 adds into fluid reservoir 6Pressure, the liquid level of the liquid 10 of the memory storage of fluid reservoir 6 declines, and liquid 10 flows to cloth on massif to be measured successively along bottom communicating pipe 11In the monitoring tank put, until when the monitoring tank A that mountain top peak is set is filled by liquid, pressurization stops, in bottom communicating pipe 11Air from monitoring tank A exhaust outlet 13 discharge；Obtain any one monitoring tank B and entered to from liquid and process is filled by liquidIn, monitor the liquid pressure measurement value of multiple level values fluid reservoir 6 corresponding with any one level value of liquid level in tank B；On the basis of liquid pressure measurement value corresponding to the level value of each monitoring tank and the level value of the monitoring tank, each prison is obtainedThe elevation sedimentation and deformation value of monitoring point where surveying tank, by the elevation sedimentation and deformation value of each monitoring point and the history of each monitoring pointHeight value is compared, and show whether massif to be measured comes down
The liquid level drop journey measurement, be specially：The 3rd electrically operated valve 9 of the fluid reservoir 6 is opened, by the fluid reservoir 6Interior forced air discharge fluid reservoir 6, in the process, liquid level is begun to decline in monitoring tank A liquid, until the bottom connectsThe liquid page in siphunculus 11 is identical with the height of the liquid page of the fluid reservoir 6；Obtain the liquid in any one monitoring tank BFace obtains the liquid of monitoring tank B multiple level values fluid reservoir 6 corresponding with any one level value during declinePressure measuring value；On the basis of the liquid pressure measurement value corresponding to the level value of each monitoring tank and the level value of the monitoring tankOn, the elevation sedimentation and deformation value of monitoring point where obtaining each monitoring tank, by the elevation sedimentation and deformation value of each monitoring point and oftenThe history height value of individual monitoring point is compared, and show whether massif to be measured comes down；
S3, liquid level, which declines, to be stopped, and the 3rd electrically operated valve 9 is closed, and is completed the monitoring of single settlement measurement, is waited next coming half year to sinkDrop measurement monitoring.
Explanation is explained in more detail：
(1) agent structure of the monitoring tank is column construction, and the lower end of the column construction sets inlet, describedThe upper end of column construction sets liquid outlet；The inside of the column construction is set on telescopic liquid level sensor, the fluid reservoir 6Liquid manometer 7 is set.
The precision of the telescopic liquid level sensor is far above the precision of liquid manometer 7, and the telescopic liquid level is passedThe range of sensor is more than the minimum resolution of liquid manometer 7.Ensure that the measurement accuracy of measuring method brings up to liquid level gauge 16The measured value and the measured value of synchronization liquid manometer of telescopic liquid level sensor in measurement accuracy level, monitoring tank 12-1Result of calculation be the elevation record value for monitoring tank 12-1, compare, obtain with the historical data of monitoring point where monitoring tank 12-1The situation of change of the monitoring point, so as to reach the purpose of dynamic level monitoring elevation sedimentation.
The telescopic liquid level sensor includes ball float 14, guide rod 15 and liquid level gauge 16, and the ball float 14 is slidably connected atOn the guide rod 15, the top of the guide rod 15 connects the liquid level gauge 16, and the guide rod 15 is inserted in the column construction, andThe height of the guide rod 15 is identical with the cavity heights of the column construction.
(2) telescopic liquid level sensor is installed in each monitoring tank, liquid pressure is also installed in the bottom of fluid reservoirPower meter, when liquid level flows through each monitoring tank, the telescopic liquid level sensor in monitoring tank starts in continuous measurement monitoring tankLiquid level, untill the full liquid of the monitoring tank, monitor tank level value and fluid reservoir liquid manometer measured value it is commonCombination, for the height value of this measurement of the monitoring tank, all monitoring tank measurements are finished, and obtain all monitoring point heights of slip massSedimentation and deformation value, compares with the historical data of corresponding monitoring point, obtains massif to be measured with the presence or absence of landslide.
(3) measurement of liquid level lift is finished, and the top vent valve of fluid reservoir 6 is opened, and the gas of pressurization in fluid reservoir 6 is discharged toIn air, the monitoring tank level of top is begun to decline, monitoring tank in liquid level gauge work on, drop journey as lift againA numeric ratio pair once is carried out to each monitoring tank.Until the monitoring tank monitoring of bottom is finished, liquid level and liquid storage in conduitLiquid level in tank is identical, and liquid level, which declines, to be stopped, and exhaust valve closure completes once monitoring circulation, waits next cycle monitoring.
(4) during the measurement of liquid level drop journey, the 3rd electrically operated valve 9 is opened, the gas with pressure in fluid reservoir 6 byGradually discharge, pressure declines, liquid level bottom out, the liquid level of liquid since monitoring tank 12-5 decline successively, during decline,Telescopic liquid level sensor in each monitoring tank is worked on, and dynamic level monitoring is carried out again, and backhaul monitoring process is more flatSteady accurate, when the air pressure in fluid reservoir 6 is dropped to as atmospheric pressure, liquid levels drop to and fluid reservoir in bottom communicating pipe 11Liquid levels are contour in 6, and backhaul terminates, and the 3rd electrically operated valve 9 is closed.Single monitoring circulation terminates, and system enters resting state, etc.Treat to monitor circulation next time.
Liquid level lift is measured and liquid level drop journey measurement improves monitoring accuracy.
(5) periodic cyclic that is determined as of system described in the present embodiment is worked, and the frequency can be adjusted remotely according to monitoring needsIt is whole, and automatic measurement can be realized.
Described in the present embodiment in measuring method, the continuous rise of liquid level dynamic or the continuous reduction of dynamic in each monitoring tank,Monitoring tank is measured one by one in dynamic changing process, the altitude data of multiple monitoring points is obtained, because liquid level lift and liquid level dropCheng Jun is measured, and reduces monitoring error.Meanwhile, and because Monitoring Data is the liquid manometer and monitoring tank by fluid reservoirTelescopic liquid level sensor measurement in a closed series, therefore improve the measuring precision.The use of compressed-air energy storage is measuring methodMonitoring process provides pressure, is easily controlled liquid level control unit pressure stability.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal disclosed by the invention, following beneficial effect has been obtained：
The method of the invention solves the measurement of many point heights, by original static level spot measurement, becomes dynamicThe continuous measurement of the level of multiple spot, is particularly suitable for use in the monitoring of continuous multiple elevational points.The sedimentation deformation monitoring of such as landslide.
The method of the invention directly measures the changing value for obtaining landslide elevation direction, with measurement accuracy it is high,The characteristics of mounting process requires low, is adapted to landslide settlement monitoring.
The method of the invention, which is realized, continuously measures multiple continuous Level monitoring points, particularly monitor liquid level gauge in tank withLiquid manometer measurement in a closed series in fluid reservoir, substantially increases system monitoring precision (submillimeter level), meets landslide prisonThe demand of gauge model, preferable monitoring method is provided for mountain landslide supervision.And this set system bulk is little, it is necessary to canTo be embedded in inside massif soil at shallow-layer, breather line and heat-dissipating space are only stayed, prevents accidental destruction and low temperature to liquidThe influence of measurement.
The monitoring tank of the peak used in the method for the invention is arranged on mountain top in mountain top, the application and is used as fixationIndex point, so that the problem of fixing point is relatively difficult need to be looked for by solving.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the artFor member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also shouldDepending on protection scope of the present invention.