CN107103473A - A kind of intelligent contract implementation method based on block chain - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种基于区块链的智能合约的实现方法，属于智能合约领域，主要包括智能合约制定、智能合约存入区块链及智能合约自动执行三个部分。智能合约的制定由多方用户共同参与，参与者对其进行数字签名后传入区块链网络中，当参与者之间发生数据共享时，智能合约将会定期检查自动机状态，一旦某个事务满足智能合约触发条件，验证节点会对该事务进行身份验证，通过验证的事务将会被系统成功执行。

The invention discloses a block chain-based smart contract realization method, which belongs to the smart contract field and mainly includes three parts: smart contract formulation, smart contract storage into the block chain, and smart contract automatic execution. The formulation of the smart contract is jointly participated by multiple users, and the participants digitally sign it and transmit it to the blockchain network. When data sharing occurs between the participants, the smart contract will regularly check the status of the automaton. Once a transaction When the smart contract trigger condition is met, the verification node will authenticate the transaction, and the verified transaction will be successfully executed by the system.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种基于区块链的智能合约实现方法A blockchain-based smart contract implementation method

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及区块链技术领域，具体涉及一种基于区块链的智能合约实现方法。The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a block chain-based smart contract implementation method.

背景技术Background technique

合约，指两方面或几方面在办理某事时，为了确定各自的权利和义务而订立的共同遵守的条文。A contract refers to a provision that two or more parties enter into to determine their respective rights and obligations when handling something.

传统合约是写在纸上的，签字盖章之后才会生效，合约的执行过程由很多控制协议构成，控制协议包括表格账单等记录的保存以及记录的审核与协商，记录的审核与协商通常需要第三方的参与，而合约的执行效能只能通过法律、武力保证。Traditional contracts are written on paper, and will only take effect after signing and stamping. The execution process of the contract is composed of many control agreements. The control agreements include the preservation of records such as forms and bills, and the review and negotiation of records. The participation of a third party, and the performance of the contract can only be guaranteed by law and force.

随着信息技术的发展，通过计算机、互联网和密码理论等技术减少合约指定、控制及执行的成本逐渐成为一种新的发展趋势。1997年，Nick Szabo引入“智能合约”的概念：智能合约把合约条款嵌入到软、硬件中，通过协议与用户接口来促进合约的执行，它是我们在互联网中形成安全、数字化关系的关键。也就是说，在计算机界里，合约是通过代码的形式实现的。数字化的合约，存在着是否有效、容易被否认、可能会被篡改及被黑客攻击的风险，因此数字化的合约始终可信度不高。With the development of information technology, it has gradually become a new development trend to reduce the cost of contract designation, control and execution through technologies such as computer, Internet and cryptography. In 1997, Nick Szabo introduced the concept of "smart contracts": smart contracts embed contract terms into software and hardware, and promote the execution of contracts through protocols and user interfaces. It is the key to forming a secure and digital relationship on the Internet. In other words, in the computer world, contracts are implemented in the form of code. Digital contracts have the risk of being valid, easily denied, tampered with, and hacked. Therefore, digital contracts are not always credible.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对上述现有技术，本发明目的在于提供一种基于区块链的智能合约实现方法。In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a blockchain-based smart contract implementation method.

为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

一种基于区块链的智能合约执行方法，包括以下步骤：A blockchain-based smart contract execution method, comprising the following steps:

步骤1、对于两个及两个以上有数据共享需求的用户，根据每个用户自身需要制定一份合约，合约用于明确各方的权利和义务，并通过编程语言获得电子化合约，由参与合约制定的各个用户对电子化合约进行数字签名，获得有效合约，签名用以保证合约的有效性，实现智能合约制定；Step 1. For two or more users who have data sharing needs, formulate a contract according to each user's own needs. The contract is used to clarify the rights and obligations of each party, and obtain an electronic contract through a programming language. Each user of the contract formulation digitally signs the electronic contract to obtain a valid contract, and the signature is used to ensure the validity of the contract and realize the formulation of the smart contract;

步骤2、有效合约通过P2P的方式在区块链中扩散，区块链中参与该有效合约制定的各个节点都收到一份有效合约并保存在对应的区块中，对应的区块中除了包含本体信息之外，还包含有效合约记录及与有效合约记录对应的时间戳，实现智能合约在区块链网络中存入；Step 2. The valid contract spreads in the blockchain through P2P. Each node in the blockchain that participates in the formulation of the valid contract receives a valid contract and saves it in the corresponding block. In the corresponding block, except In addition to ontology information, it also includes valid contract records and timestamps corresponding to valid contract records, enabling smart contracts to be stored in the blockchain network;

步骤3、设置有效合约定期检查自动机状态，逐条遍历有效合约内包含的状态机、事务和触发条件，当事务满足触发条件，利用验证节点首先对事务进行签名验证，此处签名用于确保事务的有效性，当验证节点通过签名验证之后执行事务，实现智能合约自动执行。Step 3. Set the valid contract to periodically check the state of the automaton, traverse the state machine, transaction and trigger conditions contained in the valid contract one by one, when the transaction meets the trigger condition, use the verification node to first verify the signature of the transaction, where the signature is used to ensure the transaction Validity, when the verification node executes the transaction after signature verification, the automatic execution of the smart contract is realized.

上述方法中，所述的步骤3，包括以下步骤：In the above method, the step 3 includes the following steps:

步骤3.1、由用户发起数据共享请求后产生相应的事务，并把用户的操作记录在对应的区块中；Step 3.1. After the user initiates a data sharing request, a corresponding transaction is generated, and the user's operation is recorded in the corresponding block;

步骤3.2、检查有效合约状态机的执行状态，遍历有效合约找到该事务对应的触发条件；Step 3.2. Check the execution status of the valid contract state machine, traverse the valid contract to find the trigger condition corresponding to the transaction;

步骤3.3、当该事务满足触发条件时，通过验证节点对该事务进行签名认证；Step 3.3. When the transaction satisfies the trigger condition, the transaction is signed and authenticated by the verification node;

步骤3.3.1、当事务通过签名验证后，向数据库发起对应请求并返回用户所需要的数据，即该事务被系统成功执行并通知用户；Step 3.3.1. After the transaction passes the signature verification, initiate a corresponding request to the database and return the data required by the user, that is, the transaction is successfully executed by the system and the user is notified;

步骤3.3.2、若该事务不能通过验证节点的验证，则用户发起的数据共享请求失败，即该事务执行失败，系统返回相应的状态并通知用户；Step 3.3.2. If the transaction cannot pass the verification of the verification node, the data sharing request initiated by the user fails, that is, the execution of the transaction fails, and the system returns the corresponding status and notifies the user;

步骤3.4、在执行过程中，由有效合约对事务实时监督是否出现违背合约操作，若出现违背合约操作，则中止事务的执行并将该状态返回给用户。Step 3.4. During the execution process, the effective contract monitors the transaction in real time to see if there is any operation that violates the contract. If there is an operation that violates the contract, the execution of the transaction will be suspended and the status will be returned to the user.

上述方法中，所述的步骤1，还包括在制定合约前，有数据共享需求的用户在区块链中进行账户注册，注册后由对应账户接收区块链所分配的一对公钥和私钥。In the above method, the step 1 also includes that before formulating the contract, the user who needs data sharing registers an account in the blockchain, and after registration, the corresponding account receives a pair of public key and private key assigned by the blockchain. key.

上述方法中，所述的步骤1，其中参与合约制定的各个用户都是通过各自账户的私钥对电子化合约进行签名，以确保合约的有效性。In the above method, in step 1, each user participating in the formulation of the contract signs the electronic contract with the private key of their own account to ensure the validity of the contract.

上述方法中，所述的步骤2，其中当有效合约通过P2P方式扩散到区块链中时，由区块链中的验证节点对有效合约进行验证，当一半以上验证节点通过验证并达成共识之后有效合约被存储到对应的区块中。In the above method, in step 2, when the valid contract spreads to the blockchain through P2P, the valid contract is verified by the verification nodes in the blockchain, and when more than half of the verification nodes pass the verification and reach a consensus Valid contracts are stored in corresponding blocks.

一种基于区块链的智能合约系统，包括A blockchain-based smart contract system, including

智能合约指定模块，接收由用户合约所转化的电子化合约；The smart contract designated module receives the electronic contract converted from the user contract;

智能合约存入模块，接收智能合约指定模块所传输的有效合约；The smart contract is stored in the module, and the effective contract transmitted by the smart contract designated module is received;

智能合约自动执行模块，遍历检查由智能合约存入模块存储于区块中的有效合约所包含的状态机、事务和触发条件且由检查结果选择地执行事务。The smart contract automatic execution module traverses and checks the state machine, transaction and trigger condition contained in the valid contract stored in the block by the smart contract storage module, and selectively executes the transaction according to the inspection result.

上述方案中，所述的智能合约自动执行模块包括智能合约执行状态机、用于存储数据的数据库、用户发起数据共享请求和验证节点；所述的智能合约执行状态机，接收由用户发起数据共享请求生成的事务且遍历有效合约找出事务对应的触发条件；In the above solution, the smart contract automatic execution module includes a smart contract execution state machine, a database for storing data, a user-initiated data sharing request, and a verification node; the smart contract execution state machine receives a data sharing request initiated by the user. Request the generated transaction and traverse the valid contract to find the trigger condition corresponding to the transaction;

所述的验证节点，接收智能合约执行状态机所反馈的触发条件满足情况且由满足情况选择地对事务签名验证；The verification node receives the satisfaction of the trigger conditions fed back by the smart contract execution state machine and selectively verifies the transaction signature according to the satisfaction of the conditions;

所述的数据库，接收验证节点所签名验证事务的验证状态且由验证状态选择地对发起数据共享请求的用户返回数据。The database receives the verification status of the verification transaction signed by the verification node and selectively returns data to the user who initiates the data sharing request according to the verification status.

与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:

基于区块链的智能合约系统给我们带来了一个去中心化的、不可篡改的、高可靠性的系统；The blockchain-based smart contract system brings us a decentralized, non-tamperable, and highly reliable system;

不可篡改性，使得用户不用担心合约内容会被更改；It cannot be tampered with, so that users do not have to worry about the content of the contract being changed;

高可靠性，使得用户不用担心系统在条件被满足时合约不会被执行；High reliability, so that users do not have to worry that the system will not be executed when the conditions are met;

去中心化给用户带来全网备份，完备的记录完全可以支持事后审计；Decentralization brings full network backup to users, and complete records can fully support post-event auditing;

公正的规则与程序，用户不需要去相信签订合约的对方，只需要相信区块链系统能完成剩下的事就可以了。Fair rules and procedures, users do not need to trust the other party who signed the contract, they only need to believe that the blockchain system can complete the rest.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的总体架构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention;

图2为本发明实施例示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

本说明书中公开的所有特征，或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤，除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外，均可以以任何方式组合。All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, may be combined in any manner, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

一种基于区块链的智能合约实现方法，该方法包括智能合约制定步骤、智能合约存入区块链网络步骤和智能合约自动执行步骤。A block chain-based smart contract implementation method includes the steps of making smart contracts, storing the smart contracts in the block chain network, and automatically executing the smart contracts.

所述智能合约制定步骤包括：The smart contract formulation steps include:

两个及两个以上有数据共享需求的用户，根据自身需要制定一份合约，明确各方的权利和义务，并通过编程语言将其电子化，合约制定各方对其进行数字签名保证其有效性。Two or more users who have data sharing needs, formulate a contract according to their own needs, clarify the rights and obligations of each party, and digitize it through a programming language, and all parties to the contract will digitally sign it to ensure its validity sex.

所述智能合约存入区块链网络步骤包括：The steps of storing the smart contract in the blockchain network include:

合约通过p2p的方式在区块链网中扩散，参与合约制定的各个节点都会收到一份并保存在对应的区块中。区块除了包含它原有的信息之外，还应该包含智能合约记录及其相应的时间戳。The contract spreads in the blockchain network through p2p, and each node participating in the contract formulation will receive a copy and save it in the corresponding block. In addition to its original information, a block should also contain smart contract records and their corresponding timestamps.

所述智能合约自动执行步骤包括：The automatic execution steps of the smart contract include:

智能合约定期检查自动机状态，逐条遍历合约内包含的状态机、事务和触发条件。一旦事务满足触发条件，验证节点会首先对事务进行签名验证以确保事务的有效性，当验证节点通过验证之后事务将会被自动执行。The smart contract regularly checks the state of the automaton, traversing the state machine, transactions and trigger conditions contained in the contract one by one. Once the transaction meets the trigger conditions, the verification node will first verify the signature of the transaction to ensure the validity of the transaction, and the transaction will be automatically executed after the verification node passes the verification.

在本发明中，有数据共享需求的用户都是区块链的注册账户，区块链会给对应账户返回一对公钥和私钥。In the present invention, all users with data sharing requirements are registered accounts of the blockchain, and the blockchain will return a pair of public key and private key to the corresponding account.

在本发明中，合约制定者都是通过各自的私钥对电子化后的合约进行签名，以确保合约的有效性。In the present invention, the contract makers sign the electronic contract with their respective private keys to ensure the validity of the contract.

在本发明中，智能合约通过p2p方式扩散到区块链网络中时，区块链中的验证节点会对它进行验证，当一半以上验证节点通过验证达成共识之后智能合约才会被存储到对应的区块中。In the present invention, when the smart contract spreads to the blockchain network through p2p, the verification nodes in the blockchain will verify it, and the smart contract will be stored in the corresponding in the block.

在本发明中，智能合约执行模块包括智能合约执行状态机、存储数据的数据库(即区块)及用户发起的事件请求(即事务)及验证节点四个模块。具体执行步骤如下：In the present invention, the smart contract execution module includes four modules: a smart contract execution state machine, a database for storing data (ie, a block), an event request initiated by a user (ie, a transaction) and a verification node. The specific execution steps are as follows:

(1)用户A向系统发起数据共享请求，则产生1个相应的事务，并把用户A的操作记录在对应的区块中；(1) User A initiates a data sharing request to the system, a corresponding transaction is generated, and the operation of user A is recorded in the corresponding block;

(2)系统检查智能合约状态机的执行状态，遍历合约找到该事务对应的触发条件；(2) The system checks the execution status of the smart contract state machine, and traverses the contract to find the trigger condition corresponding to the transaction;

(3)该事务满足触发条件时，系统会通过验证节点对该事务进行签名认证，确保事务的有效性；(3) When the transaction meets the trigger conditions, the system will verify the signature of the transaction through the verification node to ensure the validity of the transaction;

(4)当事务通过验证后，系统就会向数据库发起对应请求并返回用户A所需要的数据，即该事务会被系统成功执行并通知用户A；(4) After the transaction is verified, the system will initiate a corresponding request to the database and return the data required by user A, that is, the transaction will be successfully executed by the system and notify user A;

(5)若该事务不能通过验证节点的验证，则用户A发起的请求失败，即该事务执行失败，系统会返回相应的状态并通知用户A；(5) If the transaction cannot pass the verification of the verification node, the request initiated by user A fails, that is, the execution of the transaction fails, and the system will return the corresponding status and notify user A;

(6)事务在执行过程中也将一直受智能合约的监督，一旦执行过程出现违背合约的操作，事务将会中止执行并将该状态返回给用户A。(6) The transaction will always be supervised by the smart contract during the execution process. Once there is an operation that violates the contract during the execution process, the transaction will suspend the execution and return the status to user A.

实施例1Example 1

参见图2，A用户和B用户之间有数据共享需求时，A用户和B用户首先共同制定一份智能合约，并通过变成将其电子化，双方在用自己的私钥进行签名后将智能合约存到A和B对应的区块中，并在相应区块记录对应的时间戳。当A用户向B用户共享一份数据时，这是1次“数据共享行为”作为一个事务传入区块链中，当该事务满足智能合约触发条件时，验证节点通过对该事务进行验证，验证通过后，该事务将会自动执行，否则，该事务会由于不满足验证条件不会被执行。例如：A用户和B用户制定的智能合约其中一条为：A用户向B用户共享的数据，B用户只有打开、编辑及指定时间范围内操作的权限。当该合约被存储在双方对应的区块后，B用户对A用户发起数据共享请求，当满足智能合约触发条件后，验证节点对其进行验证，一旦验证通过，B用户能够顺利操作A用户共享给它的数据，但这个操作将一直被智能合约所监督。B用户只能对A用户共享给他的数据进行打开、编辑并且在指定时间内操作。一旦超出对应时间范围，B用户对该数据的所有操作权限将被收回。若B用户对该数据进行合约之外的操作，如：复制，则B用户也将因违反智能合约而失去对该数据的操作权限。B用户对该数据所有的操作行为都将被记录在对应的区块之中。See Figure 2. When there is a need for data sharing between user A and user B, user A and user B first jointly formulate a smart contract and digitize it through conversion. After signing with their own private keys, both parties will The smart contract is stored in the blocks corresponding to A and B, and the corresponding timestamps are recorded in the corresponding blocks. When user A shares a piece of data with user B, this is a "data sharing behavior" that is passed into the blockchain as a transaction. When the transaction meets the trigger conditions of the smart contract, the verification node will verify the transaction. After the verification is passed, the transaction will be automatically executed, otherwise, the transaction will not be executed because the verification condition is not met. For example: one of the smart contracts formulated by user A and user B is: user A shares data with user B, and user B only has the authority to open, edit, and operate within a specified time range. When the contract is stored in the corresponding blocks of both parties, user B initiates a data sharing request to user A. When the trigger conditions of the smart contract are met, the verification node verifies it. Once the verification is passed, user B can smoothly operate the data shared by user A. The data given to it, but this operation will always be supervised by the smart contract. User B can only open, edit and operate the data shared by user A within the specified time. Once the corresponding time range is exceeded, all operation rights of user B on the data will be withdrawn. If user B performs operations on the data outside of the contract, such as copying, user B will also lose the authority to operate the data due to violation of the smart contract. All operations of user B on the data will be recorded in the corresponding block.

以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any changes or substitutions that can be easily imagined by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, All should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of intelligent contract based on block chain performs method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

Step 1, the user for having data sharing demand for two and two or more, need to formulate a according to each user itselfContract, and electronic contract is obtained by programming language, each user formulated by participation contract enters line number to electronic contractWord is signed, and obtains effective contract；

Step 2, effective contract are spread by way of P2P in block chain, and each of effective contract formulation is participated in block chainIndividual node all receives a effectively contract and is stored in corresponding block, in corresponding block except comprising ontology information itOutside, also recorded comprising effective contract and record corresponding timestamp with effective contract；

Step 3, the effective contract of setting inspect periodically state of automata, and the state machine included in effective contract, affairs are traveled through one by oneAnd trigger condition, when affairs meet trigger condition, using node is verified first to affairs progress signature verification, when checking node leads toCross after signature verification and perform affairs.

2. a kind of intelligent contract based on block chain as claimed in claim 1 performs method, it is characterised in that described step3, comprise the following steps：

Step 3.1, data sharing request is initiated by user after produce corresponding affairs, and the operation note of user correspondingIn block；

Step 3.2, the execution state for checking effective contract state machine, travel through effective contract and find the corresponding triggering bar of the affairsPart；

Step 3.3, when the affairs meet trigger condition, by verify node to the affairs carry out signature authentication；

Step 3.3.1, after affairs are by signature verification, initiate corresponding requests to database and return to the number required for userAccording to that is, the affairs are by system successful execution and notify user；

If step 3.3.2, the affairs can not be by verifying the checking of node, Client-initiated data sharing request failure, i.e.,The affairs perform failure, and system returns to corresponding state and notifies user；

Step 3.4, in the process of implementation, is operated by whether effective contract occurs running counter to contract to affairs real-time oversight, if occurringContract operation is run counter to, then stops the execution of affairs and the state is returned into user.

3. a kind of intelligent contract based on block chain as claimed in claim 1 performs method, it is characterised in that described step1, it is additionally included in before formulation contract, the user for having data sharing demand carries out Account Registration in block chain, by correspondence after registrationAccount receives a pair of the public keys and private key that block chain is distributed.

4. a kind of intelligent contract based on block chain as claimed in claim 2 performs method, it is characterised in that described step1, wherein each user for participating in contract formulation is that electronic contract is signed by the private key of respective account.

5. a kind of intelligent contract based on block chain as claimed in claim 1 performs method, it is characterised in that described step2, wherein when effective contract is diffused into block chain by P2P modes, being entered by the checking node in block chain to effective contractRow checking, effectively contract is stored in corresponding block after more than half checking node is by verifying and reaching common understanding.

6. a kind of intelligent contract system based on block chain, it is characterised in that including

Intelligent contract designated module, receives the electronic contract converted by user's contract；

Intelligent contract is stored in module, receives effective contract that intelligent contract designated module is transmitted；

The intelligent automatic performing module of contract, traversal checks that the effective contract being stored in by intelligent contract deposit module in block is wrappedThe state machine, affairs and the trigger condition that contain and affairs are selectively performed by inspection result.

7. a kind of intelligent contract system based on block chain as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described intelligent contractAutomatic performing module includes intelligent contract and performs state machine, the database for data storage, user's initiation data sharing requestWith checking node；Described intelligent contract performs state machine, receive by user initiate data sharing request generation affairs and timeHave effect contract all through the ages and find out the corresponding trigger condition of affairs；

Described checking node, the trigger condition that the intelligent contract execution state machine of reception is fed back meets situation and by meeting situationSelectively transaction signature is verified；

Described database, receives the proofing state of checking node institute signature verification affairs and by proofing state selectively to initiatingUser's returned data of data sharing request.