CN107065181B - Optical system of virtual reality equipment - Google Patents
Optical system of virtual reality equipmentDownload PDFInfo
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- CN107065181B CN107065181BCN201710036019.5ACN201710036019ACN107065181BCN 107065181 BCN107065181 BCN 107065181BCN 201710036019 ACN201710036019 ACN 201710036019ACN 107065181 BCN107065181 BCN 107065181B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of computers, in particular to an optical system of virtual reality equipment.
Background
Virtual Reality (VR) equipment on the market at present adopts refraction formula, reflective or catadioptric optical design more, and the geometric position of lens is all being put between people's eye and display screen, and people's eye and display screen are in the both sides of lens, and the display screen is opaque.
For above refraction formula optical system, because light passes through the lens, same lens has different refracting indexes to different wavelength light, can lead to the colour difference, to VR equipment, there are two kinds of schemes at present: the first is to increase the number of lenses and correct chromatic aberration optically, which makes the optical system complex, and the second is to correct reverse chromatic aberration by software, which has limited correction capability and is complex to correct.
For the reflective optical system, because the reflective optical system is limited by a display screen and a human face, only an off-axis or inclined reflector design can be adopted, meanwhile, in order to better balance aberration, a free-form surface reflector design is mostly adopted, the vertical field angle is not large, the vertical field angle of VR equipment in the current market is smaller than 60 degrees, the field angle is much worse than that of the human eye market, the immersion requirement of the current market is difficult to meet, and the processing of the current reflective large-area free-form surface reflector is complex and difficult and has high cost.
For the refraction and reflection type optical system, because the optical system adopts the polaroid and the lens with the semi-reflection and semi-transmission coating, the semi-reflection and semi-transmission surface can only utilize half of energy, and because the wave plate has great difference aiming at different incident angle phase delays, the conversion of polarization states under different angles can be incomplete, so that the polaroid is incomplete in transmission and reflection energy, the energy utilization rate is low, if the same brightness of the prior refraction type virtual reality equipment is achieved, the display screen needs higher luminosity, and the whole power consumption is large. Meanwhile, the whole virtual reality equipment has stray light due to the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent lens surface. In addition, because a refractive optical lens is used, the same material has chromatic aberration for different wavelengths, and the chromatic aberration needs to be corrected by optics or software. Also, the overall cost is higher because of the more optical components and the higher assembly requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an optical system of a virtual reality device, which can solve the problems of complex structure, chromatic aberration, too small field angle, low energy utilization rate and stray light existing in the existing virtual reality device.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical system of a virtual reality apparatus, the optical system including optical units, each optical unit including, in order from a human eye side, an absorption polarization device, a display screen, an 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate, and a mirror, wherein,
the absorption type polarization device, the display screen, the 1/8 wave plate and the 1/4 wave plate are all optical transparent elements, and light rays emitted by the display screen are linearly polarized light.
Further, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the optical axes of the human eye, the absorption polarization device, the display screen, the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate and the mirror are all on the same straight line.
Further, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the light emitted by the display screen is first linearly polarized light, and the light passing direction of the absorption polarization device is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light.
Further, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the light emitted from the display screen is a first linearly polarized light, and the first linearly polarized light emitted from the display screen on the absorption polarizer is absorbed by the absorption polarizer.
Further, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the light emitted by the display screen is a first linearly polarized light, when the first linearly polarized light emitted by the display screen on the 1/8 wave plate side passes through the wave plate 1/8 for the first time, the first linearly polarized light is converted into an elliptically polarized light, after the elliptically polarized light is reflected by the reflector, when the elliptically polarized light passes through the 1/8 wave plate again, the first linearly polarized light is converted into a circularly polarized light, and a component of the circularly polarized light having the same light passing direction as that of the absorption type polarizer passes through the absorption type polarizer and then is emitted to the human eye; the component of the circularly polarized light having a light transmission direction different from that of the absorption polarizer is absorbed by the absorption polarizer.
Furthermore, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the light emitted by the display screen is a first linearly polarized light, the first linearly polarized light emitted by the display screen on the 1/4 wave plate side is converted into a circularly polarized light when passing through the 1/4 wave plate for the first time, the circularly polarized light is converted into a second linearly polarized light when passing through the 1/4 wave plate again after being reflected by the reflector, the light passing direction of the second linearly polarized light is the same as that of the absorption type polarizer, and the second linearly polarized light is emitted into human eyes after completely passing through the absorption type polarizer.
Further, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the 1/8 and/or 1/4 wave plate is a complex wave plate or a zero-order wave plate.
Further, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the 1/8 and/or 1/4 wave plate is a wave plate for eliminating chromatic aberration.
Further, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the absorption polarizer is attached to the side surface of the display screen close to the human eye, and the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate is attached to the side surface of the display screen far from the human eye.
Further, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the reflecting mirror is a spherical mirror or an aspherical mirror.
Further, in the optical system of the virtual reality device, the optical system includes two symmetrical left and right eye optical units, and the optical axes of the absorption polarization device, the display screen, the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate and the mirror of each optical unit coincide to serve as the optical axis of each optical unit, and the optical axes of the left and right eye optical units deflect a preset angle in a direction away from each other.
Compared with the prior art, the invention arranges the transparent display screen between the reflector and the human eyes, and the two sides of the display screen are respectively provided with a polarization device and 1/8 or 1/4 wave plates, the display screen is transparent, virtual content can be reflected to form a virtual image to be seen by human eyes, linear polarized light emitted by one side (the front side of the display screen) of the display screen at the side of the human eyes can be absorbed by an absorption type polarization device and does not enter the human eyes, stray light is effectively blocked, the linear polarized light emitted by the side (the back side of the display screen) of the display screen far away from the side of the human eyes sequentially passes through 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate transmission, reflector reflection, 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate transmission, display screen transmission and absorption type polarization device transmission, enter the human eye and thereby expand the field angle, including expanding the vertical and horizontal field angles. Meanwhile, because of the reflective design, light rays with different wavelengths are reflected on the surface of the reflector, the light rays are reflected on the surface of the material, the chromatic aberration of the optical system is small, and the chromatic aberration of the whole system caused by the chromatic dispersion of the material in the refractive optical system can be avoided.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of a virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an optical system of a virtual reality device, comprising optical units, each of which comprises, in order from the human eye 1 side, an absorptiontype polarization device 2, a display screen 3, 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate 4 and amirror 5, wherein,
the absorptiontype polarization device 2, the display screen 3, the 1/8 wave plate and the 1/4 wave plate 4 (phase retardation plate) are all optical transparent elements, and light rays emitted by the display screen 3 are linear polarization light. Here, in this embodiment, the transparent display screen is disposed between the reflector and the human eye, and the polarizer and the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate are respectively disposed on two sides of the display screen, the display screen is transparent, so that the virtual content can be reflected to form a virtual image to be seen by the human eye, the linearly polarized light emitted from one side of the display screen (the front side of the display screen) facing the human eye can be absorbed by the absorbing polarizer, and does not enter the human eye, so as to effectively block stray light, the linearly polarized light emitted from one side of the display screen (the back side of the display screen) facing away from the human eye sequentially passes through the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate for transmission, the reflector for reflection, the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate for transmission, the display screen for transmission, and the absorbing polarizer for transmission, enter the human eye and thereby expand the field angle, including expanding the vertical and horizontal field angles. Meanwhile, because of the reflective design, light rays with different wavelengths are reflected on the surface of the reflector, the light rays are reflected on the surface of the material, the chromatic aberration of the optical system is small, and the chromatic aberration of the whole system caused by the chromatic dispersion of the material in the refractive optical system can be avoided.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the light emitted from the display screen 3 does not directly propagate into the human eye, it is desirable that light emitted from the display 3 and reflected from themirror 5 is transmitted through the display 4, into the human eye 1, i.e. the light directed from the display screen towards the human eye, needs to be absorbed, since this part is stray light, in addition, the light reflected by the reflector needs to be transmitted, so that human eyes can observe the amplified virtual image formed on the display screen, without directly seeing the content on the screen, the absorption polarizedlight 2 is added on the front side of the screen, so that the light directly emitted by the display screen 3 and facing to the human eye side can be absorbed, the reflected light beam has a changed polarization direction due to the wave plate 4, and the light beam having the changed polarization direction can transmit through theabsorption polarizer 2, thereby widening the field angle.
In the invention, because only reflection is considered, light rays are reflected only on the surface of the mirror surface, so that no requirement is made on the substrate of the mirror, for example, the surface type of the back surface of themirror 5 can be any surface type, such as a plane, a curved surface and a special shape. The material of thereflector 5 is also loose, and can be plastic or metal as long as the reflector is suitable for film coating and molding, but the reflector cannot transmit light, so that the natural light in reality needs to be completely cut off, and a substrate is not drawn in fig. 1, and only a reflecting surface is drawn.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, theabsorption polarizer 2, the display screen 3, the 1/8 wave plate 4, and the 1/4 wave plate 4 may have a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube in shape, and may have a symmetric structure in a plane shape, but the shape may not be a symmetric structure. The surface of the reflecting and transmittingspectroscope 5 can be a rotational symmetric structure, which is better processed, but a non-rotational symmetric structure is also possible. . The elements of the embodiment are symmetrical in surface shape, and the device is simple to process, low in precision requirement and low in installation requirement. In addition, the actual shape of the display screen of the present invention can be any shape, such as rectangular, circular, irregular, etc.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical axes of the human eye, the absorption polarizer, the display screen, the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate, and the mirror are all on the same straight line, so that optical aberration is more easily balanced, and the optical system is simple to process, low in precision requirement, and low in installation requirement.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the light emitted from the display screen is a first linearly polarized light, and a light passing direction of the absorption polarization device is orthogonal to a polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light. Here, when the light passing direction of the absorption polarizer is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light, the first linearly polarized light emitted from the front surface of the display panel can be completely absorbed by the absorption polarizer, and all light emitted from the front surface of the display panel cannot enter human eyes, which is the best absorption effect.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the light emitted from the display screen 3 is first linearly polarized light, and the first linearly polarized light emitted from theabsorption polarizer 2 side of the display screen 3 is absorbed by the absorption polarizer 3. In order to prevent the light emitted by the display screen from directly entering human eyes, the invention utilizes the principle that the light with the direction inconsistent with the light passing direction of the absorption type polarization device, which is generated by the phase delay difference caused by different incident angles, can be absorbed by the absorption type polarization device at the front side of the display screen to ensure that the absorption type polarization device absorbs the light emitted by the front side of the display screen, thereby greatly reducing the influence of stray light, ensuring that the light at the back side of the display screen enters human eyes after being reflected and expanded in angle, avoiding the problem that the human eyes can directly see the image of the display screen without the absorption type polarization device, if the human eyes directly see the image of the display screen, firstly, the human eyes cannot see the image of the display screen because the human eyes are too close to the display screen, secondly, the image of the display screen is not amplified, and the effect of expanding the angle of view can not be obtained at all, therefore, the invention adopts the reflected image of the light at the back side of the display screen after being reflected and expanded in, the human eye can see an enlarged virtual image reflected back by the display screen.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, when an 1/8 wave plate is used, the light emitted by the display screen is a first linearly polarized light, when the first linearly polarized light emitted by the display screen on the 1/8 wave plate side passes through the 1/8 wave plate for the first time, the first linearly polarized light is converted into an elliptically polarized light, the elliptically polarized light is reflected by the reflector, and then is converted into a circularly polarized light when passing through the 1/8 wave plate again, and a component of the circularly polarized light having a light passing direction identical to that of the absorption type polarizer passes through the absorption type polarizer and then is incident on human eyes, so that an angle of view is enlarged; the component of the circularly polarized light with the light passing direction different from that of the absorption type polarizing device is absorbed by the absorption type polarizing device, and the stray light of human eyes is eliminated.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, when an 1/4 wave plate is used, the light emitted by the display screen is a first linearly polarized light, when the first linearly polarized light emitted by the display screen on the 1/4 wave plate side passes through the 1/4 wave plate for the first time, the first linearly polarized light is converted into a circularly polarized light, after the circularly polarized light is reflected by the reflector, the circularly polarized light is converted into a second linearly polarized light when the circularly polarized light passes through the 1/4 wave plate again, the direction of the second linearly polarized light is the same as the light passing direction of the absorption type polarizer, and the second linearly polarized light completely passes through the absorption type polarizer and then enters human eyes, so that the field angle is enlarged. Here, in order to distinguish the polarization directions of different linearly polarized light, the linearly polarized light of two different polarization directions is referred to as a first linearly polarized light and a second linearly polarized light, respectively, the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light, the second linearly polarized light is in accordance with the light passing direction of the absorption polarizing device, and the second linearly polarized light completely passes through the absorption polarizing device, and is not partially absorbed by the absorption polarizing device, so that compared with the 1/8 wave plate of the previous embodiment, the energy utilization rate is higher by adopting the 1/4 wave plate in this example.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the 1/8 wave plate may be a complex wave plate or a zero-order wave plate, and the 1/4 wave plate may be a complex wave plate or a zero-order wave plate, so as to meet various application requirements.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the 1/8 and/or 1/4 wave plate is a wave plate for eliminating chromatic aberration, so that the angle of view can be enlarged and chromatic aberration can be eliminated better. The wave plate for eliminating chromatic aberration can be a composite wave plate or a zero-order wave plate.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, theabsorption polarizer 2 is attached to the side surface of the display screen 3 close to the human eye, and the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate 4 is attached to the side surface of the display screen 3 away from the human eye, because the absorption polarizer and the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate are thin, and the attachment method is adopted, so that the installation is convenient. Of course, the absorbing polarizer may not be attached but adjacent to the side of the display screen close to the human eye, and the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate may not be attached but adjacent to the side of the display screen far from the human eye.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the reflector is used to reflect light emitted from the display screen, and simultaneously transmit light in reality to human eyes, as shown in fig. 1, the reflector may be a curved reflector, for example, a spherical mirror or an aspherical mirror. The aspherical mirror has better aberration correction effect, and the adopted reflector with which surface type can depend on the specific optical design requirement.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical system includes two symmetric optical units for left and right eyes, optical axes of the absorption polarizer, the display screen, the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate, and the mirror of each optical unit are coincident, that is, on the same straight line, and serve as optical axes of each optical unit, and the optical axes of the optical units for left and right eyes are respectively deflected by a preset angle in a direction away from each other. In this embodiment, two separated optical units are used, and a certain angle is formed between the optical units, the display optical units are respectively inclined to two sides, because the optical axes of the left and right eye optical units are respectively deflected to a preset angle in a direction away from the other side, the overall field angle of the optical system can be increased, the left side of the left eye can see a wider angle, the right side of the right eye can see a wider angle, and meanwhile, the interference between the lens and the nose of a user can be avoided, so that the overall field angle is wider than that of the existing virtual reality device, when the user uses the virtual reality device, the left and right eyes can feel the existence of the residual light vision, the immersion of the user using the virtual reality device is improved, and in addition, when the optical axes of the left and right eye optical units are respectively deflected to a preset angle in a direction away from the other side, the image needs to be processed.
In the optical system of the virtual reality device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the preset angle is equal to or less than 30 degrees, where the optical axes of the left and right eye optical units are respectively deflected by 30 degrees or less from the original direction parallel to the front viewing direction of the human eyes to the direction away from the opposite direction, that is, the left eye visual field center, that is, the left eye optical axis, is deflected by 30 degrees or less to the left side from the front viewing direction of the human eyes, and the right eye visual field center, that is, the right eye optical axis, is deflected by 30 degrees or less to the right side from the front viewing direction of the human eyes, so that the requirement that the left and right eyes of a user can feel the existence of the after.
In summary, the transparent display screen is disposed between the reflector and the human eye, and the polarizer and the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate are disposed on two sides of the display screen, respectively, the display screen is transparent, so that the virtual content can be reflected to form a virtual image to be seen by the human eye, the linearly polarized light emitted from the side of the display screen (the front side of the display screen) facing the human eye can be absorbed by the absorbing polarizer, and does not enter the human eye, thereby effectively blocking stray light, the linearly polarized light emitted from the side of the display screen (the back side of the display screen) facing away from the human eye is sequentially transmitted by the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate, reflected by the reflector, transmitted by the 1/8 or 1/4 wave plate, transmitted by the display screen, and transmitted by the absorbing polarizer, enter the human eye and thereby expand the field angle, including expanding the vertical and horizontal field angles. Meanwhile, because of the reflective design, light rays with different wavelengths are reflected on the surface of the reflector, the light rays are reflected on the surface of the material, the chromatic aberration of the optical system is small, and the chromatic aberration of the whole system caused by the chromatic dispersion of the material in the refractive optical system can be avoided.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned. Furthermore, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. A plurality of units or means recited in the apparatus claims may also be implemented by one unit or means in software or hardware. The terms first, second, etc. are used to denote names, but not any particular order.
Claims (8)
1. An optical system of a virtual reality device, comprising optical units, each optical unit comprising, in order from a human eye side, an absorption type polarizing device, a display screen, an 1/8 wave plate, and a mirror, wherein,
the absorption type polarization device, the display screen and the 1/8 wave plate are all optical transparent elements, and light rays emitted by the display screen are linear polarization light;
the light emitted by the display screen is first linear polarized light, and the light passing direction of the absorption type polarizing device is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the first linear polarized light;
when first linearly polarized light emitted by the 1/8 wave plate side of the display screen passes through the 1/8 wave plate for the first time, the first linearly polarized light is converted into elliptically polarized light, the elliptically polarized light is reflected by the reflector and is converted into circularly polarized light when passing through the 1/8 wave plate again, and a component of the circularly polarized light with the same light passing direction as that of the absorption type polarizing device is transmitted into human eyes after passing through the absorption type polarizing device; the component of the circularly polarized light which is not in accordance with the light transmission direction of the absorption polarizer is absorbed by the absorption polarizer.
2. The optical system of the virtual reality device of claim 1, wherein the optical axes of the human eye, the absorbing polarizer, the display screen, the 1/8 wave plate, and the mirror are all on the same line.
3. The optical system of a virtual reality device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the light emitted from the display screen is a first linearly polarized light, and the first linearly polarized light emitted from the display screen on the absorption polarizer side is absorbed by the absorption polarizer.
4. The optical system of the virtual reality device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the 1/8 wave plate is a complex or zero-order wave plate.
5. The optical system of the virtual reality device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the 1/8 wave plate is a chromatic aberration eliminating wave plate.
6. The optical system of the virtual reality device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the absorption polarizer is attached to a side surface of the display screen close to the human eye, and the 1/8 wave plate is attached to a side surface of the display screen far from the human eye.
7. The optical system of the virtual reality device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the mirror is a spherical mirror or an aspherical mirror.
8. The optical system of a virtual reality apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the optical system includes two optical units of left and right eyes that are symmetrical, and the optical axes of the absorption polarizer, the display screen, the 1/8 wave plate and the mirror of each optical unit coincide as the optical axis of each optical unit, and the optical axes of the optical units of the left and right eyes are respectively deflected by a predetermined angle in a direction away from each other.
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| CN108152966A (en)* | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-12 | 小派科技（上海）有限责任公司 | Increase the device of VR field angles and VR glasses |
| CN108710210B (en)* | 2018-08-10 | 2024-11-15 | 董一鸣 | A head-up display |
| CN110161699B (en)* | 2019-06-14 | 2020-10-27 | 合肥视涯技术有限公司 | Virtual reality display device |
| CN110596897B (en)* | 2019-09-17 | 2021-12-10 | 北京耐德佳显示技术有限公司 | Head-up display equipment |
| CN111221130B (en)* | 2020-03-20 | 2022-03-04 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Optical system and near-eye display apparatus |
| CN111798527B (en)* | 2020-06-29 | 2024-02-09 | 歌尔光学科技有限公司 | Lens surface treatment method, lens surface treatment device and computer readable storage medium |
| CN114660811A (en)* | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-24 | 惠州Tcl移动通信有限公司 | Display device and VR optical assembly |
| CN116482858A (en)* | 2023-02-10 | 2023-07-25 | 深圳紫泓光学技术有限公司 | Large-field-of-view and distance-increasing type virtual imaging light path structure, device and method |
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| JP3994896B2 (en)* | 2002-09-25 | 2007-10-24 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | Video display device |
| US20150301336A1 (en)* | 2012-11-21 | 2015-10-22 | Laster | Augmented-reality optical module |
| US9581821B2 (en)* | 2014-06-24 | 2017-02-28 | Fakespace Labs, Inc. | Head mounted augmented reality display |
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