Summary of the invention
For the demand, invention especially provides a kind of preparation method of fibre reinforced composites and its dedicated setIt is standby, it is based on photocuring rapid prototyping technology, is sent in conjunction with independent fixed point fiber lay down and picks process with fiber, to realize containing for fiberAmount, component, gradient freely design, and advanced optimize the performance of composite material.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of special equipment preparing fibrous composite, which is characterized in that the equipment includes rack, fiber treatment mouldBlock, optical soliton interaction module and the computer containing control software；
The fiber treatment module include fiber spray nozzle, glue spraying spray head, foundation board, scraper plate, X-Y plane movement mechanism andX-axis horicontal motion mechanism；Fiber spray nozzle and glue spraying spray head are installed on X-Y plane movement mechanism, and foundation board is mounted on waterOn straight line movement mechanism；Scraper plate is located at foundation board one end, and foundation board upper surface is close in its underpart；The optical soliton interactionModule includes light source, magazine, workbench, Z axis vertical guide rail and X-axis horizontal guide rail；Workbench is mounted on Z axis vertical guide rail；Light source is located at below magazine；Scraper, point of a knife and magazine bottom are equipped in magazine there are gap, which transports along X-axis horizontal guide railIt is dynamic；The X-Y plane movement mechanism, X-axis horicontal motion mechanism, scraper plate, Z axis vertical guide rail, X-axis horizontal guide rail, magazine andLight source is respectively mounted on the rack；The computer passes through the control route control fiber spray nozzle, glue spraying spray head, fiber respectivelyThe movement of bottom plate and lifting, the movement of scraper and the time for exposure of light source of workbench.
In special equipment of the present invention, which is characterized in that the light source includes LED light, mercury lamp, xenon lamp or laser,Wave-length coverage is 295-460nm.
The preparation method of a kind of fibrous composite provided by the invention, it is characterised in that the method includes walking as followsIt is rapid:
1) hierarchy slicing: designing product model using 3 d modeling software, carry out slicing treatment to product with delamination software,The lift height and shape of fibrous layer and base material layer are obtained, and lift height and shape data are imported in computer；
2) fiber alignment distribution and the processing of fiber glue spraying: X-Y plane movement mechanism drives fiber spray nozzle and glue spraying spray head, rootOne layer of fibrous material is sprayed first on foundation board according to tiered form and region, thickness is no more than the fibrous layer in step 1Lift height)；Then glue spraying spray head sprays a layer binder on fibrous layer；
3) it glues and takes fibrous material: moving to workbench on foundation board horizontal plane along Z axis vertical guide rail, foundation boardIt is moved under workbench along X-axis horicontal motion mechanism；Then decline workbench, when workbench bottom or formed part bottomStop declining when binder in portion and fibrous layer contacts；
4) sprawl photocuring base material layer: foundation board resets under the drive of X-axis horicontal motion mechanism, and scraper plate is by fiberRemaining fibrous material and binder are cleaned out on bottom plate, while the scraper in magazine makes magazine along X-axis horizontal orbital movementBottom layer overlay basis material；
5) single layer optical soliton interaction: workbench decline makes workbench bottom or formed section bottom and magazine bottom surface shapeAt gap, which is equal to the lift height set in step 1)；Invocation step 1) in set monolayer shape and area data,Light source exposure is opened, the optical soliton interaction of single layer is carried out；
6) layer by layer accumulate: repeat step 2)~5) operation, obtain layer upon layer fibre reinforced resin material printing systemPart or fiber composite ceramics material blank；
7) it is post-processed: fibre reinforced resin material is printed at product or fiber composite ceramics material blankReason, finally obtains fibrous composite or ceramic porous material.Fibrous material of the present invention include polymer fiber material,The combination of one or more of ceramic fibre material and carbon fibre material.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the fibrous material includes polymer fiber material, ceramic fibre material and carbon fiberThe combination of one or more of material.The photocuring basis material is pure photosensitive resin, adds the photosensitive of nanofillerResin or light sensitive ceramics slurry.
Preferably, the lift height of fibrous material described in step 1) is 10~500 μm.The smooth photocuring basis materialLayer thickness be 10 μm -1000 μm.
In the method for the invention, the post-processing includes cleaning, degreasing and sintering process；Wherein fiber-reinforced resinPrinting product is only cleaned, and fiber composite ceramics material blank cleaned, degreasing and is sintered three steps；InstituteIn the skimming processes for the fiber composite ceramics material blank stated, resin removal temperature is at 600 DEG C hereinafter, heating rate is 0.1-5DEG C/min, sintering temperature is 1000 DEG C -2000 DEG C, and sintering atmosphere is oxidizing atmosphere, reducing atmosphere or vacuum atmosphere, and macromolecule is fineDimension material or the compound fiber composite ceramics blank of carbon fiber obtain porous ceramic film material after sintering.
The present invention has the following advantages that and high-lighting effect: 1) the present invention is based on the methods of photocuring rapid prototyping, can be realThe forming of existing high-precision complicated product, the thickness of layering can freely be set；2) thickness of fiber, distribution density can be intoRow is adjusted, and designs the distribution of fiber in the base；3) it for fiber spray nozzle, can be carried out according to different fibre compositionsAddition or replacement, realize the compound of multifilament component；4) fiber spray nozzle and glue spraying spray head work at the same time, and ensure that binder spraysUniformity, improve work efficiency.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution for a clearer understanding of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing with embodiment to knot of the inventionStructure, principle and the course of work are described further.
Fig. 1 is a kind of principle schematic diagram for the special equipment for preparing fiber composite ceramics material provided by the invention,The equipment includes rack, fiber treatment module, optical soliton interaction module and the computer containing control software.
The fiber treatment module includes fiber spray nozzle 1, glue spraying spray head 3, foundation board 5, scraper plate 4, X-Y plane fitness machineStructure 2 and horizontal rectilinear motion mechanism 6；Fiber spray nozzle 1 and glue spraying spray head 3 are installed on X-Y plane movement mechanism 2, fiber bottomPlate 5 is mounted in horizontal rectilinear motion mechanism 6；Scraper plate 4 is located at foundation board one end, and blade tips lower part is close on foundation boardSurface, reciprocally linear motion removes remaining fiber and binder；Horizontal rectilinear motion mechanism 6 can be linear guide machineStructure, leadscrew-nut mechanism or gear and rack teeth mechanism linear motion mechanism can drive foundation board back and forth to transport in x-axis direction or soIt is dynamic.
The optical soliton interaction module includes that light source 8, magazine 7, workbench 13, Z axis vertical guide rail 14 and X-axis level are ledRail；Workbench is mounted on Z axis vertical guide rail, moves up and down workbench along Z axis vertical guide rail.Light source is located at below magazine；Scraper 10, scraper point of a knife and magazine bottom are equipped in magazine there are gap, which moves back and forth along X-axis horizontal guide rail, realizesLight-sensitive material is sprawled；Workbench is located above magazine, and light source, magazine are mounted in rack.
The X-Y plane movement mechanism 2, horizontal rectilinear motion mechanism 6, scraper plate 4, Z axis vertical guide rail 14, X-axis are horizontalGuide rail, magazine and light source are respectively mounted on the rack；X-Y plane movement mechanism 2, horizontal rectilinear motion mechanism 6, scraper plate 4, Z axis hang downStraight guide 14 and X-axis horizontal guide rail can be driven by motor respectively.
The computer passes through the movement of the control route control fiber spray nozzle, glue spraying spray head, foundation board respectively,And lifting, the movement of scraper and the time for exposure of light source of workbench.
Fig. 2 is the process flow chart for preparing fibre reinforced composites, and specific preparation method includes the following steps:
1) hierarchy slicing: according to the shape and required precision of molded part, designing product model using 3 d modeling software,Lift height that slicing treatment obtains each layer and shape are carried out (including every layer of fibrous material and photocuring base with delamination softwareBody material), and thickness and shape data are imported in computer,
2) fiber alignment distribution and the processing of fiber glue spraying: X-Y plane movement mechanism drives fiber spray nozzle and glue spraying spray head, rootAccording to tiered form and region, the spraying fiber 11 on foundation board of fiber spray nozzle 1, glue spraying spray head 3 sprays bonding on fiber 11Agent 12 makes 11 upper layer of fiber have adhesive property, and wherein the overall thickness of fibrous layer and adhesive layer is no more than the fibre in step 1)The lift height of material is tieed up, the lift height of general fibrous material is 10~500 μm；
3) it glues and takes fibrous material: moving to workbench on foundation board horizontal plane along Z axis vertical guide rail, foundation boardAlong horizontal rectilinear motion mechanism to workbench；Then decline workbench, when workbench bottom or formed section bottomStop decline when contacting with the adhesive layer on fibrous layer；The fibrous material includes polymer fiber material, ceramic fibreThe combination of one or more of material and carbon fibre material；It the center of foundation board will be with the center of workbench same verticalOn line；
4) sprawl photocuring base material layer: foundation board resets under the drive of X-axis horicontal motion mechanism, and scraper plate is by fiberRemaining fiber and binder are cleaned out on bottom plate, while the scraper in magazine makes magazine bottom along X-axis horizontal orbital movementLayer overlay photocuring basis material, the layer thickness of the light-sensitive material of the photocuring basis material are 10 μm -1000 μm；
5) single layer optical soliton interaction: workbench decline makes workbench bottom (the 1st layer) or (the 2nd layer of formed section bottomStart) certain interval is formed with magazine bottom surface, which is equal to the lift height set in step 1)；Invocation step 1) in settingMonolayer shape and area data, open light source exposure, carry out the optical soliton interaction of single layer；
6) layer by layer accumulate: repeat step 2)~5) operation, obtain layer upon layer fibre reinforced resin material printing systemPart or fiber composite ceramics material blank；
7) post-processed: the post-processing includes cleaning, degreasing and sintering process；Wherein fiber-reinforced resin printsProduct is only cleaned, and fiber composite ceramics material blank cleaned, three steps of degreasing and sintering；DescribedIn the skimming processes of fiber composite ceramics material blank, resin removal temperature at 600 DEG C hereinafter, heating rate be 0.1-5 DEG C/Min, sintering temperature are 1000 DEG C -2000 DEG C, and sintering atmosphere is oxidizing atmosphere, reducing atmosphere or vacuum atmosphere, macromolecular fibreMaterial or the compound fiber composite ceramics blank of carbon fiber obtain porous ceramic film material after sintering.
Fig. 4 is a kind of resin base fibre reinforced materials schematic diagram produced by the present invention, which includes being used as matrixResin and the nylon fiber of interlayer is dispersed according to ad hoc fashion.Use special equipment of the invention, preparation process flowIt is as follows:
1) it is designed a model using 3 d modeling software Solidworks, carries out slicing treatment with delamination software and obtain each layerLift height and shape, wherein lift height is set as being 100 μm, imports data in computer；
2) fiber spray nozzle 1 according to current hierarchical shape area the spraying nylon fiber on foundation board, while glue spraying spray head 3Jet binder 12 on nylon fiber, fiber layer thickness are 50 μm, and adhesive layer is with a thickness of 20 μm；
3) workbench 13 is lifted, and bottom or formed section bottom are higher than 5 place horizontal plane 5mm of foundation board, fiberBottom plate 5 moves under workbench 13 with horizontal rectilinear motion mechanism 6, and the subsequent decline of workbench 13 makes on bottom and nylon fiberBinder 12 contact after be lifted 5mm again, completion picks nylon fiber；
4) foundation board 5 resets, and scraper plate 4 cleans out nylon fiber remaining on foundation board 5, while scraper 10 existsX-axis horizontal guide rail drives lower horizontal movement and spreads one layer 500 μm of photosensitive resin in 7 bottom of magazine；
5) workbench 13 declines the gap for making formed section bottom and 7 bottom of magazine form 100 μm, subsequent invocation step 1The exposure area shape of middle setting, light source open the solidified forming that exposure carries out one layer；
6) operation repeatedly 2)~5), accumulates layer by layer, obtains nylon fiber reinforced resin green body；
7) part is cleaned using scavenger specially, the resin parts of nylon fiber enhancing can be obtained after dry.
Fig. 5 is schematic diagram after a kind of alumina fibre enhancing alumina ceramic composite material sintering produced by the present invention, shouldComposite material includes the alumina fibre 19 that interlayer is dispersed in as the aluminium oxide ceramics 18 of basis material and according to ad hoc fashion.Using special equipment of the invention, preparation process flow is as follows:
1) it is designed a model using 3 d modeling software Solidworks, carries out slicing treatment with delamination software and obtain each layerLift height and shape, wherein lift height is set as being 150 μm, imports data in computer；
2) fiber spray nozzle 1 according to current hierarchical shape area the spraying alumina fibre on foundation board, while glue spraying sprayFirst 3 on alumina fibre jet binder 12, fiber layer thickness be 80 μm, adhesive layer is with a thickness of 20 μm；
3) workbench 13 is lifted, and bottom or formed section bottom are higher than 5 place horizontal plane 5mm of foundation board, fiberBottom plate 5 moves under workbench 13 with horizontal rectilinear motion mechanism 6, and the subsequent decline of workbench 13 makes bottom and alumina fibreOn binder 12 contact after be lifted 5mm again, completion picks alumina fibre；
4) foundation board 5 resets, and scraper plate 4 cleans out alumina fibre remaining on foundation board 5, while scraper 10Horizontal movement and the photosensitized oxidation aluminium ceramic slurry at one layer 500 μm of 7 bottom of magazine paving under the drive of x-axis horizontal guide rail；
5) workbench 13 declines the gap for making formed section bottom and 7 bottom of magazine form 150 μm, subsequent invocation step 1The exposure area shape of middle setting, light source open the solidified forming that exposure carries out one layer；
6) operation repeatedly 2)~5), accumulates layer by layer, and obtaining alumina fibre enhances aluminium oxide ceramics green body；
7) after using scavenger specially cleaning green body, it is 0.5 DEG C/min to 650 DEG C using Muffle furnace with heating rate and completesDegreasing, 1600 DEG C of heat preservation 2h complete sintering, finally obtain alumina fibre enhancing alumina ceramic composite material.
Fig. 6 is that the porous ceramic film material green body obtained after a kind of ceramic base fibrous composite produced by the present invention is sintered showsIt is intended to, which includes the macromolecular fibre that interlayer is dispersed in as the silicon oxide ceramics 20 of matrix and according to ad hoc fashion21.Using special equipment of the invention, preparation process flow is as follows:
1) it is designed a model using 3 d modeling software Solidworks, carries out slicing treatment with delamination software and obtain each layerLift height and shape, wherein lift height is set as being 200 μm, imports data in computer；
2) fiber spray nozzle 1 according to current hierarchical shape area the spraying macromolecular fibre on foundation board, while glue spraying sprayFirst 3 on alumina fibre jet binder 12, fiber layer thickness be 120 μm, adhesive layer is with a thickness of 20 μm；
3) workbench 13 is lifted, and bottom or formed section bottom are higher than 5 place horizontal plane 5mm of foundation board, fiberBottom plate 5 moves under workbench 13 with horizontal rectilinear motion mechanism 6, and the subsequent decline of workbench 13 makes bottom and macromolecular fibreOn binder 12 contact after be lifted 5mm again, completion picks macromolecular fibre；
4) foundation board 5 resets, and scraper plate 4 cleans out macromolecular fibre remaining on foundation board 5, while scraper 10Horizontal movement and the photosensitized oxidation silicon ceramic slurry at one layer 500 μm of 7 bottom of magazine paving under the drive of x-axis horizontal guide rail；
5) workbench 13 declines the gap for making formed section bottom and 7 bottom of magazine form 150 μm, subsequent invocation step 1The exposure area shape of middle setting, light source open the solidified forming that exposure carries out one layer；
6) operation repeatedly 2)~5), accumulates layer by layer, obtains macromolecular fibre composite oxygen SiClx ceramic body；
7) after using scavenger specially cleaning green body, it is 0.8 DEG C/min to 600 DEG C using Muffle furnace with heating rate and completesDegreasing, macromolecular fibre are also removed leave hole at high temperature, and 1300 DEG C of heat preservation 1h complete sintering, and it is more to finally obtain silicaHole ceramic material.