技术领域technical field
本发明涉及风力风向测试技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于偏振效应和自混合效应的激光矢量测风方法及测风雷达。The invention relates to the technical field of wind force and direction measurement, in particular to a laser vector wind measurement method and a wind radar based on polarization effects and self-mixing effects.
背景技术Background technique
风能作为清洁可再生能源，逐渐受世界各国的重视，催生了风力发电装机容量的迅速发展。但风力发电会受风速风向随机变化不利影响，包括风向变化带来的风机偏航问题与风速变化带来的功率波动问题，因此如何对风力风向的实时测量技术是实现高效能、高安全性风力发电的关键。As a clean and renewable energy, wind energy has gradually attracted the attention of countries all over the world, which has led to the rapid development of wind power installed capacity. However, wind power generation will be adversely affected by random changes in wind speed and direction, including wind turbine yaw problems caused by wind direction changes and power fluctuations caused by wind speed changes. The key to power generation.
目前测风设备主要分为两大类型：传统的风杯风标式风速风向仪和新型的激光测风雷达。与传统的风杯风标式风速风向仪相比，新型的激光测风雷达不仅具有测试精度高、响应速度快的特点，还可实现对风速风向的非接触遥测，便于避开风机桨叶的干扰，同时激光测风雷达波长较短，探测光可被空气中的粉尘、气溶胶等粒子反射，更适用于晴空条件下的高精度实时风速风向测量，因此，新型的激光测风雷达已得到广泛应用。At present, the wind measuring equipment is mainly divided into two types: the traditional wind cup vane type anemometer and the new laser wind measuring radar. Compared with the traditional wind cup wind vane type anemometer, the new laser wind radar not only has the characteristics of high test accuracy and fast response speed, but also realizes non-contact telemetry of wind speed and direction, which is convenient to avoid the damage of fan blades. At the same time, the laser wind radar has a short wavelength, and the detection light can be reflected by dust, aerosol and other particles in the air, which is more suitable for high-precision real-time wind speed and direction measurement under clear sky conditions. Therefore, the new laser wind radar has been obtained widely used.
现有的激光测风雷达按照工作机制可分为脉冲式和连续波两类。由于与脉冲式激光测风雷达相比，连续波激光测风雷达具有测试精度高、测试盲区小、成本低以及稳定性好等诸多优点，因此，其已成为目前风力发电机前方风速风向的实时检测的主要技术手段。According to the working mechanism, the existing laser wind radar can be divided into two types: pulse type and continuous wave. Compared with the pulsed laser wind radar, the continuous wave laser wind radar has many advantages such as high test accuracy, small test blind area, low cost and good stability. The main technical means of detection.
但是目前连续光激光雷达存在以下问题：However, the current continuous light lidar has the following problems:
1.系统结构复杂，一般需采用光学外差干涉方式实现，光路至少需要参考光路和探测光路，如果需进一步对风速矢量多方向测量，光路更加复杂，成本较高。1. The structure of the system is complex, and generally needs to be realized by optical heterodyne interference. The optical path needs at least a reference optical path and a detection optical path. If it is necessary to further measure the wind velocity vector in multiple directions, the optical path is more complicated and the cost is higher.
2.光路元器件众多，即使采用镀膜工艺，楔角设计或倾斜安装等，不可避免带来额外损耗。2. There are many optical path components, even if the coating process, wedge angle design or oblique installation are adopted, additional loss will inevitably be caused.
3.激光器光源是测风系统的主要成本来源。由于测风系统对多普勒频移的提取精度与散射光线宽密切相关，因此一般需窄线宽的激光器光源，大幅提高了相关成本。3. The laser light source is the main cost source of the wind measurement system. Since the extraction accuracy of the Doppler frequency shift of the wind measurement system is closely related to the scattered light width, a laser light source with a narrow linewidth is generally required, which greatly increases the related cost.
4.由于风场中风际线采用非定点测量的机制，因此需要存在大量机械运动(扫描)元件，系统可靠性差。4. Since the windline in the wind field adopts a non-fixed-point measurement mechanism, a large number of mechanical moving (scanning) components are required, and the system reliability is poor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明提供一种基于外界反馈光反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成的激光自混合效应，利用偏振分光同时检测方式或者偏振分时检测方式进行检测的连续波激光矢量测风方法及基于该方法的测风雷达。Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a continuous wave laser vector measurement method based on the laser self-mixing effect formed by external feedback light fed back into the laser resonator, and using the polarization splitting simultaneous detection method or the polarization time-sharing detection method for detection. Wind method and wind radar based on this method.
为实现以上技术目的，本发明的一个技术方案是：For realizing above technical purpose, a technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种基于偏振效应和自混合效应的激光矢量测风方法，具体步骤包括：A laser vector wind measurement method based on polarization effect and self-mixing effect, the specific steps include:
A.激光器出射激光经偏振片形成线偏振光；A. The laser output from the laser passes through the polarizer to form linearly polarized light;
B.线偏振光经偏振分束器形成偏振方向互相正交的两束线偏振光，两束线偏振光的偏振方向与线偏振光的偏振方向之间的夹角均为45度；B. The linearly polarized light passes through the polarization beam splitter to form two beams of linearly polarized light whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other, and the angle between the polarization direction of the two beams of linearly polarized light and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is 45 degrees;
C.两束线偏振光分别经两个输出光路同时投射到同一待测均匀风场中后返回，所述两束线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度；C. Two beams of linearly polarized light are respectively projected into the same uniform wind field to be measured through two output optical paths and then returned, and the angle between the projection directions of the two beams of linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees;
D.返回的携带有两个矢量方向的风速信息的两束线偏振光合束后反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成激光自混合信号，所述激光自混合信号包含有在不同偏振方向形成的激光自混合信号分量；D. The returned two beams of linearly polarized light carrying wind speed information in two vector directions are combined and then fed back into the laser resonator to form a laser self-mixing signal, which contains laser self-mixing formed in different polarization directions signal component;
E.探测激光自混合信号并对其分析处理得出两个矢量方向上的风速信息，然后再对两个矢量方向上的风速信息进行合成，即可得出实际的风速信息和风向信息。E. Detect the laser self-mixing signal and analyze and process it to obtain the wind speed information in the two vector directions, and then synthesize the wind speed information in the two vector directions to obtain the actual wind speed information and wind direction information.
作为改进，所述步骤C中两个输出光路上均设有扩束望远系统。As an improvement, in the step C, a beam expander telescopic system is installed on the two output optical paths.
基于上述测风方法的测风雷达，包括激光器、偏振片、偏振分束器、第一分束器、第二分束器、第一探测器、第二探测器和数据处理单元，所述激光器出射激光，所述激光经偏振片形成初始线偏振光，所述初始线偏振光经偏振分束器分成第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光，所述第一线偏振光的偏振方向与第二线偏振光的偏振方向互相正交且两者与初始线偏振光的偏振方向之间的夹角均为45度，所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光投射到待测均匀风场中后返回，所述第一线偏振光的投射方向与第二线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度，返回的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光沿原路反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成激光自混合信号，所述激光自混合信号包含有第一线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量和第二线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量，第一线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量和第二线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量分别经第一分束器和第二分束器反馈到第一探测器和第二探测器中，第一探测器和第二探测器分别将自己接收到的激光自混合信号分量转换成电信号后输出，数据处理单元对输出的两组电信号分别进行处理分析得出两个矢量方向的风速信息，然后再对两个矢量方向的风速信息进行合成即可得到实际的风速和风向信息。The wind-measuring radar based on the above-mentioned wind-measuring method includes a laser, a polarizer, a polarizing beam splitter, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, a first detector, a second detector and a data processing unit, the laser The laser light is emitted, and the laser beam forms an initial linearly polarized light through a polarizing plate, and the initial linearly polarized light is divided into a first linearly polarized light and a second linearly polarized light by a polarizing beam splitter, and the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light is the same as that of the second linearly polarized light The polarization directions of the two linearly polarized lights are orthogonal to each other and the angle between them and the polarization direction of the initial linearly polarized light is 45 degrees, and the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are projected into the uniform wind field to be measured After returning, the angle between the projection direction of the first linearly polarized light and the projection direction of the second linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees, and the returned first linearly polarized light and second linearly polarized light are fed back to the laser resonator along the original path A laser self-mixing signal is formed inside, and the laser self-mixing signal includes a laser self-mixing signal component in the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light and a laser self-mixing signal component in the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light, and a laser self-mixing signal component in the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light The laser self-mixing signal component and the laser self-mixing signal component of the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light are respectively fed back to the first detector and the second detector through the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter, and the first detector and the second detector The two detectors respectively convert the received laser self-mixing signal components into electrical signals and then output them. The data processing unit processes and analyzes the output two sets of electrical signals to obtain the wind speed information of the two vector directions, and then analyzes the two sets of electrical signals. The actual wind speed and wind direction information can be obtained by synthesizing the wind speed information in the vector direction.
作为改进，所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光分别通过第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统投射到待测均匀风场中。As an improvement, the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are respectively projected into the uniform wind field to be measured through the first beam expander telescopic system and the second beam expander telescopic system.
作为优选，所述第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统均为反射式扩束望远系统或者透射式扩束望远系统。Preferably, the first beam expanding telescopic system and the second beam expanding telescopic system are reflective beam expanding telescopic systems or transmission beam expanding telescopic systems.
作为优选，所述偏振分束器采用布鲁斯特窗口片或者沃拉斯顿棱镜。Preferably, the polarizing beam splitter adopts a Brewster window or a Wollaston prism.
作为优选，所述激光器为半导体激光器、光纤激光器、固体激光器或者气体激光器。Preferably, the laser is a semiconductor laser, a fiber laser, a solid laser or a gas laser.
为实现以上技术目的，本发明的另一个技术方案是：For realizing above technical purpose, another technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种基于偏振效应和自混合效应的激光矢量测风方法，具体步骤包括：A laser vector wind measurement method based on polarization effect and self-mixing effect, the specific steps include:
A.激光器出射激光经偏振片形成初始线偏振光；A. The laser output from the laser passes through the polarizer to form the initial linearly polarized light;
B.初始线偏振光进入延时装置，通过控制延时装置的延时量使得线偏振光的偏振方向交替出现0度偏转或者90度偏转；B. The initial linearly polarized light enters the delay device, and by controlling the delay amount of the delay device, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light alternately appears 0 degree deflection or 90 degree deflection;
C.偏振方向交替改变的线偏振光经偏振分束器分成偏振方向0度偏转的线偏振光和偏振方向90度偏转的线偏振光，两束线偏振光分别经两个输出光路同时投射到同一待测均匀风场中后返回，所述两束线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度；C. The linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is alternately changed is divided into linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of 0 degrees and a linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of 90 degrees through a polarization beam splitter. The two beams of linearly polarized light are projected to the After returning to the same uniform wind field to be measured, the angle between the projection directions of the two beams of linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees;
D.返回的携带有两个矢量方向的风速信息的两束线偏振光合束后反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成激光自混合信号，所述激光自混合信号包含有在不同偏振方向形成的激光自混合信号分量；D. The returned two beams of linearly polarized light carrying wind speed information in two vector directions are combined and then fed back into the laser resonator to form a laser self-mixing signal, which contains laser self-mixing formed in different polarization directions signal component;
E.探测激光自混合信号并对其分析处理得出两个矢量方向上的风速信息，然后再对两个矢量方向上的风速信息进行合成，即可得出实际的风速信息和风向信息。E. Detect the laser self-mixing signal and analyze and process it to obtain the wind speed information in the two vector directions, and then synthesize the wind speed information in the two vector directions to obtain the actual wind speed information and wind direction information.
作为改进，所述步骤C中两个输出光路上均设有扩束望远系统。As an improvement, in the step C, a beam expander telescopic system is installed on the two output optical paths.
基于上述测风方法的测风雷达,包括激光器、偏振片、电控延时器、偏振分束器、探测器和数据处理单元，所述激光器出射激光，所述激光经偏振片形成初始线偏振光，所述初始线偏振光经电控延时器形成偏振方向分时出现0度偏转和90度偏转的偏转线偏振光，偏转线偏振光经偏振分束器分成偏振方向0度偏转的第一线偏振光和偏振方向90度偏转的第二线偏振光，所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光投射到待测均匀风场中后返回，所述第一线偏振光的投射方向与第二线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度，返回的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光沿原路反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成激光自混合信号，所述激光自混合信号包含有第一线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量和第二线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量且这两种信号分量分时出现，探测器接收激光自混合信号并将其转换成电信号输出，数据处理单元对输出的电信号进行处理分析得出两个矢量方向的风速信息，然后再对两个矢量方向的风速信息进行合成即可得到实际的风速和风向信息。The wind-measuring radar based on the above-mentioned wind-measuring method includes a laser, a polarizer, an electronically controlled time delay device, a polarization beam splitter, a detector and a data processing unit, the laser emits laser light, and the laser beam forms an initial linear polarization through a polarizer The initial linearly polarized light passes through an electronically controlled time delay device to form deflected linearly polarized light with 0-degree deflection and 90-degree deflection in the polarization direction, and the deflected linearly polarized light is divided into the first linearly polarized light with 0-degree deflection in the polarization direction by a polarization beam splitter. A linearly polarized light and a second linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is deflected by 90 degrees, the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are projected into the uniform wind field to be measured and returned, and the projection direction of the first linearly polarized light is the same as The angle between the projection directions of the second linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees, and the returned first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are fed back to the laser resonator along the original path to form a laser self-mixing signal, and the laser self-mixing signal includes There are laser self-mixing signal components in the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light and laser self-mixing signal components in the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light, and these two signal components appear in time divisions. The detector receives the laser self-mixing signal and converts it into electrical Signal output, the data processing unit processes and analyzes the output electrical signal to obtain the wind speed information in two vector directions, and then synthesizes the wind speed information in the two vector directions to obtain the actual wind speed and wind direction information.
作为改进，所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光分别通过第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统投射到待测均匀风场中。As an improvement, the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are respectively projected into the uniform wind field to be measured through the first beam expander telescopic system and the second beam expander telescopic system.
作为优选，所述第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统均为反射式扩束望远系统或者透射式扩束望远系统。Preferably, the first beam expanding telescopic system and the second beam expanding telescopic system are reflective beam expanding telescopic systems or transmission beam expanding telescopic systems.
作为优选，所述偏振分束器采用布鲁斯特窗口片或者沃拉斯顿棱镜。Preferably, the polarizing beam splitter adopts a Brewster window or a Wollaston prism.
作为优选，所述激光器为半导体激光器、光纤激光器、固体激光器或者气体激光器。Preferably, the laser is a semiconductor laser, a fiber laser, a solid laser or a gas laser.
从以上描述可以看出，本发明具备以下优点：As can be seen from the above description, the present invention has the following advantages:
1.本发明所述的测风雷达只需单一光路，大大简化了整个系统体积、复杂度和成本，提高系统的收集光效率。1. The wind measuring radar of the present invention only needs a single optical path, which greatly simplifies the volume, complexity and cost of the entire system, and improves the light collection efficiency of the system.
2.本发明所述的测风雷达采用全光学元件，无任何机械运动元件，大幅度提高了测风系统的稳定性、可靠性和鲁棒性。2. The wind-measuring radar of the present invention adopts all optical elements without any mechanical moving elements, which greatly improves the stability, reliability and robustness of the wind-measuring system.
3.由于反馈光返回激光器腔内时，会改变激光器稳态条件，可进一步压缩激光器线宽，同时激光自混合效应相关距离理论上不受激光器线宽影响，因此偏振反馈激光自混合测风系统对激光器光源线宽要求大大降低，不同类型激光器光源均可实现高精度测风。3. Since the feedback light returns to the laser cavity, it will change the steady-state conditions of the laser, which can further compress the laser linewidth, and the correlation distance of the laser self-mixing effect is theoretically not affected by the laser linewidth, so the polarization feedback laser self-mixing wind measurement system The requirements for the line width of the laser light source are greatly reduced, and different types of laser light sources can achieve high-precision wind measurement.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明矢量测量原理示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vector measurement principle of the present invention;
图2是三镜腔理论模型示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical model of three mirror cavities;
图3是风速合成示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of wind speed synthesis;
图4是本发明实施例1的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例1的激光传输方向和激光偏振方向的示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of the laser transmission direction and the laser polarization direction in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例2的结构示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例2的激光传输方向和激光偏振方向的示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the laser transmission direction and the laser polarization direction in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明基于激光多普勒测速原理，但由于激光多普勒信号只能测量光束方向的速度，即将其应用在测量风速的场合时只能测量光束方向的风速，无法直接获得风向数据。因此，本发明拟采用一种矢量测量的方法对风速和风向进行测量，下面结合图1对采用的矢量测量方法进行说明。The present invention is based on the principle of laser Doppler speed measurement, but since the laser Doppler signal can only measure the speed in the direction of the beam, when it is applied to the occasion of measuring the wind speed, it can only measure the wind speed in the direction of the beam, and cannot directly obtain the wind direction data. Therefore, the present invention intends to use a vector measurement method to measure wind speed and wind direction, and the vector measurement method adopted will be described below in conjunction with FIG. 1 .
如图1所示，为基于矢量测量方法的风速合成示意图。该矢量测量方法，先探测两个矢量方向上的风速分量，再对探测到的两个分量进行合成，从而获得实际的风速和风向。As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of wind speed synthesis based on the vector measurement method. The vector measurement method first detects the wind speed components in two vector directions, and then synthesizes the two detected components to obtain the actual wind speed and wind direction.
基于上述矢量测量方法，本发明结合激光偏振效应、激光自混合效应对风向进行测量，具体测量原理为：Based on the above-mentioned vector measurement method, the present invention combines the laser polarization effect and the laser self-mixing effect to measure the wind direction. The specific measurement principle is:
(1)基于激光偏振效应，利用不同偏振态的激光分别对不同矢量方向上的风速分量进行测量；(1) Based on the laser polarization effect, use lasers with different polarization states to measure the wind speed components in different vector directions;
(2)基于激光的自混合效应利用激光对每个矢量方向上的风速分量进行测量，其方法为：将激光投射到待测风场中，投射到待测风场中的气溶胶粒子上的激光形成后向散射并返回，返回激光反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成激光自混合信号，通过对激光自混合信号进行功率分析，即可得到气溶胶粒子的后向散射信息从而获得气溶胶粒子的移动信息，通过气溶胶粒子的移动信息即可分析出风速信息；(2) Self-mixing effect based on laser Use laser to measure the wind speed component in each vector direction, the method is: project the laser into the wind field to be measured, and project the laser onto the aerosol particles in the wind field to be measured The laser forms backscattering and returns, and the returning laser feeds back into the laser resonator to form a laser self-mixing signal. By analyzing the power of the laser self-mixing signal, the backscattering information of the aerosol particles can be obtained to obtain the movement of the aerosol particles. Information, wind speed information can be analyzed through the movement information of aerosol particles;
(3)最后基于矢量测量方法，将两个矢量方向上测得的风速分量进行合成即可得到实际的风速和风向信息。(3) Finally, based on the vector measurement method, the actual wind speed and wind direction information can be obtained by synthesizing the wind speed components measured in the two vector directions.
基于上述测量原理，建立理论模型进行理论推导，以论证本发明的可行性。具体推导过程如下：Based on the above measurement principles, a theoretical model is established for theoretical derivation to demonstrate the feasibility of the present invention. The specific derivation process is as follows:
如图2所示，三镜腔理论模型中，将激光器内部等效成一个由前后两端面M1、M2组成的腔结构，反射系数分别为r1、r2，输出激光由外部大气气溶胶颗粒后向散射回激光腔内，其中，大气气溶胶等效成外部反射面M3，由于大气对激光的吸收、散射等都会导致激光能量的衰减，最终返回激光器的信号大功率可表示为：As shown in Figure 2, in the theoretical model of the three-mirror cavity, the interior of the laser is equivalent to a cavity structure composed of the front and rear ends M1 and M2 , the reflection coefficients are r1 and r2 respectively, and the output laser is driven by the external atmosphere The sol particles backscatter back into the laser cavity, in which the atmospheric aerosol is equivalent to the external reflection surface M3 , the absorption and scattering of the laser by the atmosphere will cause the attenuation of the laser energy, and the final high power of the signal returned to the laser can be expressed as :
P＝P0ηoηT[T(R)]2(cβ/2)(Ar/R2) 式(1)P＝P0 ηo ηT [T(R)]2 (cβ/2)(Ar /R2 ) Formula (1)
式(1)中，P0为激光初始出射功率，ηo为光学系统(含扩束、准直系统等)的透过效率，ηT为激光束通过光学系统的截断损失(插入损耗)，In formula (1), P0 is the initial output power of the laser, ηo is the transmission efficiency of the optical system (including beam expander, collimation system, etc.), ηT is the truncation loss (insertion loss) of the laser beam passing through the optical system,
Ar＝πD2/4为扩束望远系统的接收截面，D为扩束望远系统的；β为气溶胶的后向散射系数；T(R)为传输距离为R处的大气透过率。Ar = πD2 /4 is the receiving section of the beam expander telescopic system, D is the beam expander telescopic system; β is the backscattering coefficient of the aerosol; T(R) is the atmospheric transmission at the transmission distance R Rate.
均匀大气的条件下，大气透过率遵从比尔-朗伯定律，可表示为：Under the condition of uniform atmosphere, the atmospheric transmittance obeys the Beer-Lambert law, which can be expressed as:
式(2)中，α(r)是任意距离r处的大气消光系数，包含大气分子和气溶胶两方面影响。三镜腔理论中的外部反射率R3可等效为：In formula (2), α(r) is the atmospheric extinction coefficient at any distance r, including the influence of atmospheric molecules and aerosols. The external reflectivity R3 in thethree -mirror cavity theory can be equivalent to:
R3＝ηoηT[T(R)]2(cβ/2)(Ar/R2) 式(3)R3 ＝ηo ηT [T(R)]2 (cβ/2)(Ar /R2 ) Formula (3)
根据激光稳态条件，因此相位φ(v)偏离量Δφ(v)的值应等于0，即：According to the steady-state conditions of the laser, the value of the phase φ(v) deviation Δφ(v) should be equal to 0, that is:
其中α是激光器的线宽展宽因子，v0，v分别是无反馈光时和有反馈光时激光器的激光频率，ξ表示反馈光对激光器内腔的耦合系数，且有内腔和外腔时延分别为τd(＝2n0d/c)(n0为激光器内部折射率)和τR(＝2R/c)。where α is the line width broadening factor of the laser, v0 , v are the laser frequencies of the laser when there is no feedback light and when there is feedback light, respectively, ξ represents the coupling coefficient of the feedback light to the laser cavity, and The time delays of the inner cavity and the outer cavity are τd (=2n0 d/c) (n0 is the internal refractive index of the laser) and τR (=2R/c) respectively.
根据激光器的输出功率与激光器的增益和频率的关系可得激光器输出功率表达式如下：According to the relationship between the output power of the laser and the gain and frequency of the laser, the output power of the laser can be expressed as follows:
P＝P0[1+m×cos(φext)] 式(5)P＝P0 [1+m×cos(φext )] Formula (5)
其中，φext(＝4πvR/c)是往返腔镜M2-M3的相位，m为调制系数。Wherein, φext (=4πvR/c) is the phase of the reciprocating cavity mirror M2 -M3 , and m is the modulation coefficient.
在实际测量中，速度与自混合信号频移量Δf关系式如下：In actual measurement, the relationship between speed and self-mixing signal frequency shift Δf is as follows:
在本系统中，由p光和s光(p光和s光为互相正交的不同偏振方向的激光分量)分别测得两个不同方向的风速分别为In this system, the wind speeds in two different directions measured by p-light and s-light (p-light and s-light are laser components with different polarization directions orthogonal to each other) are respectively
如图3所示，则实际风速可表示为：As shown in Figure 3, the actual wind speed can be expressed as:
θ为p光和s光之间夹角。由几何关系可得出vcosα-vpcosθ＝vs，则实际风向与s光夹角α可表示为：θ is the angle between p light and s light. It can be obtained from the geometric relationship that vcosα-vp cosθ=vs , then the angle α between the actual wind direction and s light can be expressed as:
由于同一束激光的偏振态控制方法可以采用同时不同偏振态控制或者分时不同偏振态控制两种方式，因此基于上述理论基础可以形成如下两种测风方法。Since the polarization state control method of the same laser beam can be controlled in different polarization states at the same time or in time-sharing, the following two wind measurement methods can be formed based on the above theoretical basis.
第一种测风方法为：The first wind measurement method is:
一种基于偏振效应和自混合效应的激光矢量测风方法，具体步骤包括：A laser vector wind measurement method based on polarization effect and self-mixing effect, the specific steps include:
A.激光器出射激光经偏振片形成线偏振光；A. The laser output from the laser passes through the polarizer to form linearly polarized light;
B.线偏振光经偏振分束器形成偏振方向互相正交的两束线偏振光，两束线偏振光的偏振方向与线偏振光的偏振方向之间的夹角均为45度；B. The linearly polarized light passes through the polarization beam splitter to form two beams of linearly polarized light whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other, and the angle between the polarization direction of the two beams of linearly polarized light and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is 45 degrees;
C.两束线偏振光分别经两个输出光路同时投射到同一待测均匀风场中后返回，所述两束线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度；C. Two beams of linearly polarized light are respectively projected into the same uniform wind field to be measured through two output optical paths and then returned, and the angle between the projection directions of the two beams of linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees;
D.返回的携带有两个矢量方向的风速信息的两束线偏振光合束后反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成激光自混合信号，所述激光自混合信号包含有在不同偏振方向形成的激光自混合信号分量；D. The returned two beams of linearly polarized light carrying wind speed information in two vector directions are combined and then fed back into the laser resonator to form a laser self-mixing signal, which contains laser self-mixing formed in different polarization directions signal component;
E.探测激光自混合信号并对其分析处理得出两个矢量方向上的风速信息，然后再对两个矢量方向上的风速信息进行合成，即可得出实际的风速信息和风向信息。E. Detect the laser self-mixing signal and analyze and process it to obtain the wind speed information in the two vector directions, and then synthesize the wind speed information in the two vector directions to obtain the actual wind speed information and wind direction information.
其中，步骤C中的两个输出光路上还可以增设扩束望远系统，使得线偏振光投射到风场前进行扩束，以增加光束的覆盖角度，从而获得足够多的气溶胶粒子后向散射信息。Among them, the two output optical paths in step C can also be equipped with a beam expander telescopic system, so that the linearly polarized light is projected into the wind field for beam expansion, so as to increase the coverage angle of the beam, so as to obtain enough aerosol particles. Scatter information.
本方法中利用偏振分束器在同一时段内将线偏振光分为两种不同偏振态的线偏振光，两种不同偏振态的线偏振光沿不同的输出光路输出，从而实现对两个矢量方向上的风速进行测量。In this method, a polarization beam splitter is used to divide the linearly polarized light into two differently polarized linearly polarized lights within the same period of time, and the two differently polarized linearly polarized lights are output along different output optical paths, thereby realizing the two vector The wind speed in the direction is measured.
第二种测风方法为：The second wind measurement method is:
一种基于偏振效应和自混合效应的激光矢量测风方法，具体步骤包括：A laser vector wind measurement method based on polarization effect and self-mixing effect, the specific steps include:
A.激光器出射激光经偏振片形成初始线偏振光；A. The laser output from the laser passes through the polarizer to form the initial linearly polarized light;
B.初始线偏振光进入延时装置，通过控制延时装置的延时量使得线偏振光的偏振方向交替出现0度偏转或者90度偏转；B. The initial linearly polarized light enters the delay device, and by controlling the delay amount of the delay device, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light alternately appears 0 degree deflection or 90 degree deflection;
C.偏振方向交替改变的线偏振光经偏振分束器分成偏振方向0度偏转的线偏振光和偏振方向90度偏转的线偏振光，两束线偏振光分别经两个输出光路同时投射到同一待测均匀风场中后返回，所述两束线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度；C. The linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is alternately changed is divided into linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of 0 degrees and a linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of 90 degrees through a polarization beam splitter. The two beams of linearly polarized light are projected to the After returning to the same uniform wind field to be measured, the angle between the projection directions of the two beams of linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees;
D.返回的携带有两个矢量方向的风速信息的两束线偏振光合束后反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成激光自混合信号，所述激光自混合信号包含有在不同偏振方向形成的激光自混合信号分量；D. The returned two beams of linearly polarized light carrying wind speed information in two vector directions are combined and then fed back into the laser resonator to form a laser self-mixing signal, which contains laser self-mixing formed in different polarization directions signal component;
E.探测激光自混合信号并对其分析处理得出两个矢量方向上的风速信息，然后再对两个矢量方向上的风速信息进行合成，即可得出实际的风速信息和风向信息。E. Detect the laser self-mixing signal and analyze and process it to obtain the wind speed information in the two vector directions, and then synthesize the wind speed information in the two vector directions to obtain the actual wind speed information and wind direction information.
其中，步骤C中的两个输出光路上还可以增设扩束望远系统，使得线偏振光投射到风场前进行扩束，以增加光束的覆盖角度，从而获得足够多的气溶胶粒子后向散射信息。Among them, the two output optical paths in step C can also be equipped with a beam expander telescopic system, so that the linearly polarized light is projected into the wind field for beam expansion, so as to increase the coverage angle of the beam, so as to obtain enough aerosol particles. Scatter information.
本方法中利用延时装置使得线偏振光在不同时段内的偏振方向不同即产生偏振态分时变化的线偏振光，偏振态分时变化的线偏振光经过偏振分束器后，不同偏振态的线偏振光分别通过不同的输出光路输出，从而实现对两个矢量方向上的风速进行测量。In this method, the time delay device is used to make the polarization directions of the linearly polarized light different in different time periods, that is, the linearly polarized light whose polarization state changes in time division is generated. The linearly polarized light is output through different output optical paths, so as to realize the measurement of the wind speed in the two vector directions.
下面结合图4和图5，详细说明本发明的实施例1，但不对本发明的权利要求做任何限定。Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , but the claims of the present invention are not limited in any way.
如图4所示，一种基于偏振效应和自混合效应的激光矢量测风雷达，包括激光器、偏振片、偏振分束器、第一分束器、第二分束器、第一探测器、第二探测器和数据处理单元；As shown in Figure 4, a laser vector wind radar based on polarization effect and self-mixing effect, including laser, polarizer, polarizing beam splitter, first beam splitter, second beam splitter, first detector, A second detector and data processing unit;
激光器出射的激光经偏振片形成初始线偏振光，初始线偏振光再经偏振分束器分成第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光，第一线偏振光的偏振方向与第二线偏振光的偏振方向互相正交且两者与初始线偏振光的偏振方向之间的夹角均为45度，第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光投射到待测均匀风场中后返回，第一线偏振光的投射方向与第二线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度，返回的分别携带有两个矢量方向风速信号的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光沿原路反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成激光自混合信号，此时的激光自混合信号包含有第一线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量和第二线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量，第一线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量和第二线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量分别经第一分束器和第二分束器分别反馈到第一探测器和第二探测器中，第一探测器和第二探测器分别将自己接收到的激光自混合信号分量转换成电信号后输出，数据处理单元对输出的两组电信号分别进行处理分析得出两个矢量方向的风速信息，然后再对两个矢量方向的风速信息进行合成即可得到实际的风速和风向信息；The laser light emitted by the laser passes through the polarizer to form the initial linearly polarized light, and then the initial linearly polarized light is divided into the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light by the polarizing beam splitter. The polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light is different from the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light The directions are orthogonal to each other and the angle between the two and the polarization direction of the initial linearly polarized light is 45 degrees. The first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are projected into the uniform wind field to be measured and then returned. The angle between the projection direction of the light and the projection direction of the second linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees, and the returned first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light respectively carrying two vector direction wind speed signals are fed back to the laser resonance along the original path A laser self-mixing signal is formed in the cavity. At this time, the laser self-mixing signal includes the laser self-mixing signal component in the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light and the laser self-mixing signal component in the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light. The laser self-mixing signal component in the direction of polarization and the laser self-mixing signal component in the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light are respectively fed back to the first detector and the second detector through the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter, and the first detection The detector and the second detector respectively convert the received laser self-mixing signal components into electrical signals and then output them. The data processing unit processes and analyzes the output two sets of electrical signals to obtain the wind speed information of the two vector directions, and then The actual wind speed and wind direction information can be obtained by synthesizing the wind speed information in the two vector directions;
进一步地，为了提高投向风场中的光束覆盖角度(即提高测量覆盖角度)，在第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光的输出光路上最好分别设置第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统，利用第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统对第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光进行扩束，此时，第一分束器和第二分束器最好分别设置在所述偏振分束器分别与第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统形成的两个光路上。Further, in order to increase the coverage angle of the light beam thrown into the wind field (that is, to increase the measurement coverage angle), it is best to set the first beam expander telescopic system and the second beam expansion telescopic system on the output optical paths of the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light The beam expander telescopic system uses the first beam expander telescopic system and the second beam expander telescopic system to expand the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light. At this time, the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter Preferably, the polarizing beam splitters are respectively arranged on the two optical paths formed by the polarizing beam splitter and the first beam expanding telescopic system and the second beam expanding telescopic system.
本实施例中：In this example:
(1)第一线偏振光的投射方向与第二线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度可以通过设置第一线偏振光的投射光路和第二线偏振光的投射光路实现。例如：a.如图4所示，可以将第一线偏振光的投射光路(偏振分束器——第一分束器——第一扩束望远系统的光路)与第二线偏振光的投射光路(偏振分束器——第二分束器——第二扩束望远系统的光路)之间的夹角设置为小于90度；b.也可以将第一线偏振光的投射光路(偏振分束器——第一分束器——第一扩束望远系统的光路)与第二线偏振光的投射光路(偏振分束器——第二分束器——第二扩束望远系统的光路)之间的夹角设置为大于90度，然后再在第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统后续的光路上分别设置一个反射器，通过两个反射器将两束线偏振光反射到风场中，从而保证第一线偏振光的投射方向与第二线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度。(1) The included angle between the projection direction of the first linearly polarized light and the projection direction of the second linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees, which can be realized by setting the projection optical path of the first linearly polarized light and the projection optical path of the second linearly polarized light. For example: a. as shown in Figure 4, the projection optical path (polarizing beam splitter—the first beam splitter—the optical path of the first beam expander telescopic system) of the first linearly polarized light can be combined with the second linearly polarized light The angle between the projected light paths (polarizing beam splitter-the second beam splitter-the light path of the second beam expander telescopic system) is set to be less than 90 degrees; b. the projected light path of the first linearly polarized light can also be (Polarizing beam splitter—the first beam splitter—the optical path of the first beam expander telescopic system) and the projection optical path of the second linearly polarized light (polarizing beam splitter—the second beam splitter—the second beam expander The angle between the optical paths of the telescopic system) is set to be greater than 90 degrees, and then a reflector is respectively arranged on the subsequent optical paths of the first beam expanding telescopic system and the second beam expanding telescopic system, and the two reflectors The two beams of linearly polarized light are reflected into the wind field, so as to ensure that the included angle between the projection direction of the first linearly polarized light and the projection direction of the second linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees.
(2)偏振分束器可以采用布鲁斯特窗口片或者沃拉斯顿棱镜，也可以采用偏振分束镜或者方解石光束偏移器，采用后者的两种时需要结合反射光路使用。(2) The polarizing beam splitter can use a Brewster window or a Wollaston prism, or a polarizing beam splitter or a calcite beam shifter, and the latter needs to be used in combination with the reflective optical path.
(3)第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统均可以采用反射式扩束望远系统(如牛顿型望远系统、格里高利型望远系统、卡塞格林型望远系统等)或者透射式扩束望远系统(开普勒型望远系统、伽利略型望远系统等)，图2中第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统均采用的是伽利略型望远系统。(3) Both the first beam expanding telescopic system and the second beam expanding telescopic system can use reflective beam expanding telescopic systems (such as Newtonian telescopic systems, Gregorian telescopic systems, and Cassegrain telescopic systems). system, etc.) or transmission beam expander telescopic system (Kepler type telescopic system, Galileo type telescopic system, etc.), the first beam expander telescopic system and the second beam expander telescopic system in Figure 2 both use the Galileo-type telescopic system.
(4)激光光源可以采用半导体激光器、光纤激光器、固体激光器或者气体激光器等多种类型的激光器。(4) The laser light source can use various types of lasers such as semiconductor lasers, fiber lasers, solid-state lasers or gas lasers.
(5)数据处理单元至少包括数据采集部分(采集由两个矢量方向上的光信号转换成的电信号，即两路电信号)和数据处理部分(对两路电信号分别进行处理分析后，再将分析结果根据矢量原理合成)。(5) The data processing unit includes at least a data acquisition part (acquisition of electrical signals converted from optical signals in two vector directions, i.e. two electrical signals) and a data processing part (after processing and analyzing the two electrical signals respectively, Then the analysis results are synthesized according to the vector principle).
如图5所示，为实施例1的激光传输方向和激光偏振方向的示意图，图中光路上的箭头表示激光传输方向，实线代表出射光的传输方向，虚线代表返回光的传输方向，圆圈内的箭头表示相应光路上的光偏振方向。As shown in Figure 5, it is a schematic diagram of the laser transmission direction and the laser polarization direction of Example 1. The arrow on the optical path in the figure indicates the laser transmission direction, the solid line represents the transmission direction of the outgoing light, the dotted line represents the transmission direction of the return light, and the circle The arrows inside indicate the light polarization direction on the corresponding optical path.
下面结合图6和图7，详细说明本发明的实施例2，但不对本发明的权利要求做任何限定。Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , but the claims of the present invention are not limited in any way.
如图6所示，一种基于偏振效应和自混合效应的激光矢量测风雷达包括激光器、偏振片、电控延时器、偏振分束器、探测器和数据处理单元，所述激光器出射激光，所述激光经偏振片形成初始线偏振光，所述初始线偏振光经电控延时器形成偏振方向分时出现0度偏转和90度偏转的偏转线偏振光，偏转线偏振光经偏振分束器分成偏振方向0度偏转的第一线偏振光和偏振方向90度偏转的第二线偏振光，所述第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光投射到待测均匀风场中后返回，第一线偏振光的投射方向与第二线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度，返回的第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光沿原路反馈回激光器谐振腔内形成激光自混合信号，所述激光自混合信号包含有第一线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量和第二线偏振光偏振方向的激光自混合信号分量且这两种信号分量分时出现，探测器接收激光自混合信号并将其转换成电信号输出，数据处理单元对输出的电信号进行处理分析得出两个矢量方向的风速信息，然后再对两个矢量方向的风速信息进行合成即可得到实际的风速和风向信息。As shown in Figure 6, a laser vector wind radar based on the polarization effect and self-mixing effect includes a laser, a polarizer, an electronically controlled delay device, a polarization beam splitter, a detector and a data processing unit, and the laser emits a laser , the laser beam forms an initial linearly polarized light through a polarizer, and the initial linearly polarized light forms a deflected linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of 0 degree deflection and a 90 degree deflection time-sharing through an electronically controlled delay device, and the deflected linearly polarized light is polarized The beam splitter splits the first linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of 0 degree deflection and the second linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of 90 degree deflection, and the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are projected into the uniform wind field to be measured and returned, The angle between the projecting direction of the first linearly polarized light and the projecting direction of the second linearly polarized light is less than 90 degrees, and the returning first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are fed back to the laser resonator along the original path to form laser self-mixing signal, the laser self-mixing signal includes the laser self-mixing signal component of the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light and the laser self-mixing signal component of the second linearly polarized light polarization direction, and these two signal components appear in time division, and the detector receives the laser The self-mixing signal is converted into an electrical signal output, and the data processing unit processes and analyzes the output electrical signal to obtain the wind speed information in the two vector directions, and then synthesizes the wind speed information in the two vector directions to obtain the actual wind speed information. Wind speed and direction information.
进一步地，为了提高投向风场中的光束覆盖角度(即提高测量覆盖角度)，在第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光的输出光路上分别设置第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统，利用第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统对第一线偏振光和第二线偏振光进行扩束。Further, in order to increase the coverage angle of the light beam projected into the wind field (that is, to increase the measurement coverage angle), a first beam expander telescopic system and a second beam expander system are respectively arranged on the output optical paths of the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light The telescopic system uses the first beam expanding telescopic system and the second beam expanding telescopic system to expand the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light.
本实施例中：In this example:
(1)可以通过设置电控延时器的延迟量改变初始线偏振光的偏振态，即以电控方式控制延时器的延迟量在0与半波长之间切换，从而导致经过延时器输出的线偏振光的偏转方向出现0度偏转与90度偏转，由于延时器的延迟量在0与半波长之间切换，那么线偏振光的0度偏转与90度偏转分时出现，即在不同的时间区间内线偏振光的偏振方向不同。当将偏转方向分时改变的线偏振光通过偏振分束器时，不同偏振方向的线偏振光会沿不同的输出光路输出，从而实现从两个矢量方向对风场进行测量。(1) The polarization state of the initial linearly polarized light can be changed by setting the delay amount of the electronically controlled delayer, that is, the delay amount of the delayer is electronically controlled to switch between 0 and half wavelength, resulting in The deflection direction of the output linearly polarized light appears 0 degree deflection and 90 degree deflection. Since the delay of the delayer is switched between 0 and half wavelength, then the 0 degree deflection and 90 degree deflection of the linearly polarized light appear time-sharing, that is The polarization directions of linearly polarized light are different in different time intervals. When the linearly polarized light whose deflection direction is time-divided passes through the polarization beam splitter, the linearly polarized light with different polarization directions will be output along different output optical paths, so as to realize the measurement of the wind field from two vector directions.
(2)第一线偏振光的投射方向与第二线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度可以通过设置第一线偏振光的投射光路和第二线偏振光的投射光路实现。例如：a.如图6所示，可以将第一线偏振光的投射光路(偏振分束器——第一扩束望远系统的光路)与第二线偏振光的投射光路(偏振分束器——第二扩束望远系统构成的光路)之间的夹角设置为小于90度；b.也可以将第一线偏振光的投射光路(偏振分束器——第一扩束望远系统的光路)与第二线偏振光的投射光路(偏振分束器——第二扩束望远系统的光路)之间的夹角设置为大于90度，然后再在第一扩束望远系统与第二扩束望远系统后续的光路上分别设置一个反射器，通过两个反射器将两束线偏振光反射到风场中，从而保证第一线偏振光的投射方向与第二线偏振光的投射方向之间的夹角小于90度。(2) The included angle between the projection direction of the first linearly polarized light and the projection direction of the second linearly polarized light is smaller than 90 degrees, which can be realized by setting the projection optical path of the first linearly polarized light and the projection optical path of the second linearly polarized light. For example: a. as shown in Figure 6, the projection optical path (polarization beam splitter—the optical path of the first beam expander telescopic system) of the first linearly polarized light can be combined with the projection optical path (polarization beam splitter) of the second linearly polarized light - the angle between the optical paths formed by the second beam expander telescopic system) is set to be less than 90 degrees; The angle between the optical path of the system) and the projected optical path of the second linearly polarized light (polarizing beam splitter—the optical path of the second beam expander telescopic system) is set to be greater than 90 degrees, and then in the first beam expander telescopic system A reflector is respectively arranged on the optical path subsequent to the second beam expander telescopic system, and the two beams of linearly polarized light are reflected into the wind field through the two reflectors, so as to ensure that the projection direction of the first linearly polarized light is consistent with that of the second linearly polarized light. The angle between the projection directions is less than 90 degrees.
(3)偏振分束器可以采用布鲁斯特窗口片或者沃拉斯顿棱镜，也可以采用偏振分束镜或者方解石光束偏移器，采用后者的两种时需要结合反射光路使用。(3) The polarizing beam splitter can use a Brewster window or a Wollaston prism, or a polarizing beam splitter or a calcite beam shifter, and the latter needs to be used in combination with the reflective optical path.
(4)第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统均可以采用反射式扩束望远系统(如牛顿型望远系统、格里高利型望远系统、卡塞格林型望远系统等)或者透射式扩束望远系统(开普勒型望远系统、伽利略型望远系统等)，图4中第一扩束望远系统和第二扩束望远系统均采用的是伽利略型望远系统。(4) Both the first beam expanding telescopic system and the second beam expanding telescopic system can use reflective beam expanding telescopic systems (such as Newtonian telescopic systems, Gregorian telescopic systems, and Cassegrain telescopic systems). system, etc.) or transmission beam expander telescopic system (Kepler type telescopic system, Galileo type telescopic system, etc.), the first beam expander telescopic system and the second beam expander telescopic system in Figure 4 both use the Galileo-type telescopic system.
(5)激光器可以采用半导体激光器、光纤激光器、固体激光器或者气体激光器等多种类型的激光器。当采用半导体激光器时，半导体激光器可以兼具探测器的功能。(5) Lasers can be various types of lasers such as semiconductor lasers, fiber lasers, solid-state lasers or gas lasers. When a semiconductor laser is used, the semiconductor laser can also function as a detector.
(6)数据处理单元至少包括数据采集部分(采集由两个矢量方向上的光信号转换成的电信号，即两路电信号)和数据处理部分(对两路电信号分别进行处理分析后，再将分析结果根据矢量原理合成)。(6) The data processing unit at least includes a data acquisition part (collecting electrical signals converted from optical signals in two vector directions, i.e. two electrical signals) and a data processing part (after processing and analyzing the two electrical signals respectively, Then the analysis results are synthesized according to the vector principle).
如图7所示，为实施例2的激光传输方向和激光偏振方向的示意图，图中光路上的箭头表示激光传输方向，实线代表出射光的传输方向，虚线代表返回光的传输方向，圆圈内的箭头表示相应光路上的光偏振方向。As shown in Figure 7, it is a schematic diagram of the laser transmission direction and the laser polarization direction of Example 2, the arrow on the optical path in the figure indicates the laser transmission direction, the solid line represents the transmission direction of the outgoing light, the dotted line represents the transmission direction of the return light, and the circle The arrows inside indicate the light polarization direction on the corresponding optical path.
综上所述，本发明具有以下优点：In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:
1.本发明所述的测风雷达只需单一光路，大大简化了整个系统体积、复杂度和成本，提高系统的收集光效率。1. The wind measuring radar of the present invention only needs a single optical path, which greatly simplifies the volume, complexity and cost of the entire system, and improves the light collection efficiency of the system.
2.本发明所述的测风雷达采用全光学元件，无任何机械运动元件，大幅度提高了测风系统的稳定性、可靠性和鲁棒性。2. The wind-measuring radar of the present invention adopts all optical elements without any mechanical moving elements, which greatly improves the stability, reliability and robustness of the wind-measuring system.
3.由于反馈光返回激光器谐振腔内时，会改变激光器稳态条件，可进一步压缩激光器线宽，同时激光自混合效应相关距离理论上不受激光器线宽影响，因此偏振反馈激光自混合测风系统对激光器光源线宽要求大大降低，不同类型激光器光源均可实现高精度测风。3. Since the feedback light returns to the laser resonator, it will change the steady-state condition of the laser, which can further compress the laser line width, and the correlation distance of the laser self-mixing effect is theoretically not affected by the laser line width, so the polarization feedback laser self-mixing wind measurement The system has greatly reduced requirements on the line width of the laser light source, and different types of laser light sources can achieve high-precision wind measurement.
可以理解的是，以上关于本发明的具体描述，仅用于说明本发明而并非受限于本发明实施例所描述的技术方案。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换，以达到相同的技术效果；只要满足使用需要，都在本发明的保护范围之内。It can be understood that the above specific descriptions of the present invention are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced to achieve the same technical effect; as long as the use requirements are met, all are within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201710414692.8ACN106997051B (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2017-06-05 | Laser vector wind measurement method and wind measurement radar based on polarization effect and self-mixing effect |
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| CN201710414692.8ACN106997051B (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2017-06-05 | Laser vector wind measurement method and wind measurement radar based on polarization effect and self-mixing effect |
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