技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种轨道交通列车运行控制和安全防护领域的技术，尤其是涉及一种列车占用检测系统及方法。The invention relates to a technology in the field of rail transit train operation control and safety protection, in particular to a train occupancy detection system and method.
背景技术Background technique
城市轨道交通运营的安全很大程度上取决于列车占用检测。通常情况下，在城市轨道交通系统中列车与列车之间(包含迎面、侧冲和追尾三种情况)、列车与道岔或其他轨旁设备的安全防护在信号自动控制系统(Automatic Train Control)中实现，但是在降级模式下列车的安全防护很大程度上依赖于轨道占用的检测。城市轨道信号系统中主要的轨道占用检测手段主要是传统的轨道电路和基于电磁感应技术的计轴，其中基于电磁感应技术的计轴由于适应于道床条件差、道床泄露电阻过低等恶劣环境以及对于轻车的检测灵敏性而倍受青睐，占据轨道占用检测的绝对领导地位。The safety of urban rail transit operations largely depends on train occupancy detection. Usually, in the urban rail transit system, the safety protection between trains (including head-on, side impact and rear-end collisions), trains and turnouts or other trackside equipment is in the signal automatic control system (Automatic Train Control) However, the safety protection of the train in the degraded mode largely depends on the detection of track occupancy. The main track occupancy detection methods in the urban rail signal system are mainly traditional track circuits and axle counting based on electromagnetic induction technology. Among them, the axle counting based on electromagnetic induction technology is suitable for harsh environments such as poor ballast bed conditions, low ballast bed leakage resistance, and It is favored for the detection sensitivity of light vehicles and occupies an absolute leading position in track occupancy detection.
伴随着基于电磁感应技术的计轴在轨道交通领域广泛的推广和应用，其缺点也日渐暴露出来。比如，室外磁头部分的安装需要在钢轨上打孔，导致安装工艺复杂；轨道占用的检测依赖于轮缘通过磁头的电磁感应，故其宜受其他电磁感应的干扰；每个磁头都是有源器件，需要大量的电缆，造成项目造价过高，同时也容易受室内电源电压波动的影响，这也导致基于电磁感应技术的计轴不适应于郊区线路的长区段等。With the extensive popularization and application of axle counting based on electromagnetic induction technology in the field of rail transit, its shortcomings are increasingly exposed. For example, the installation of the outdoor magnetic head part needs to be drilled on the steel rail, resulting in a complicated installation process; the detection of track occupancy depends on the electromagnetic induction of the wheel flange through the magnetic head, so it should be interfered by other electromagnetic induction; each magnetic head is active Devices require a large number of cables, resulting in high project cost, and are also easily affected by indoor power supply voltage fluctuations, which also makes the axle counting based on electromagnetic induction technology not suitable for long sections of suburban lines.
与此相对应的，光纤光栅传感器为无源器件，重量轻、体积小，不需要在钢轨上打孔，检测采用的是光信号调制方式，适用于长距离传输和分布式测量，具备优良的抗电磁干扰的能力和高灵敏度、高稳定性的特点。将该技术应用于列车占用检测将会极大改善列车占用检测方法和业界应用。Correspondingly, the fiber grating sensor is a passive device, light in weight, small in size, does not need to punch holes in the rail, and uses optical signal modulation for detection, which is suitable for long-distance transmission and distributed measurement, and has excellent performance The ability to resist electromagnetic interference and the characteristics of high sensitivity and high stability. Applying this technology to train occupancy detection will greatly improve the train occupancy detection method and industry applications.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种抗电磁干扰能力强、灵敏度高、稳定性高的列车占用检测系统及方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a train occupancy detection system and method with strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, high sensitivity and high stability in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种列车占用检测系统，包括：A train occupancy detection system, comprising:
光纤光栅检测单元，用于检测轨道的应力变化并处理检测信号；A fiber grating detection unit, used to detect the stress change of the track and process the detection signal;
安全计算单元，与光纤光栅检测单元连接，用来对光纤光栅检测单元所处理后的检测信号进行校验，以及进行所有与列车占用检测有关的计算。The safety calculation unit is connected with the fiber grating detection unit, and is used for checking the detection signal processed by the fiber grating detection unit, and performing all calculations related to the train occupancy detection.
所述光纤光栅检测单元包括：The fiber grating detection unit includes:
光纤光栅单元，用于检测轨道的应力变化；A fiber grating unit for detecting stress changes in the track;
光栅调制解调单元，与所述光纤光栅单元连接，用于提供光纤光栅所需的入射光和收集经过光纤光栅反射后的透射光并处理光纤光栅单元的采集信号。The grating modulation and demodulation unit is connected with the fiber grating unit, and is used to provide the incident light required by the fiber grating, collect the transmitted light reflected by the fiber grating, and process the acquisition signal of the fiber grating unit.
所述安全计算单元通过安全输入单元与所述光栅调制解调单元连接，所述安全输入单元根据光栅调制解调单元的输出结果启动相应通道的信号采集和读写逻辑控制。The safety calculation unit is connected to the grating modulation and demodulation unit through a safety input unit, and the safety input unit starts the signal acquisition and read-write logic control of the corresponding channel according to the output result of the grating modulation and demodulation unit.
所述系统还包括安全输出接口单元，该安全输出接口单元与所述安全计算单元连接，所述安全输出接口单元接收并处理来自安全计算单元的输出后，驱动接口设备，并且实时检测输出与驱动的一致性和正确性。The system also includes a safety output interface unit, which is connected to the safety calculation unit, and after receiving and processing the output from the safety calculation unit, the safety output interface unit drives the interface device, and detects the output and drive in real time. consistency and correctness.
所述安全输出接口单元采用双断设计，每对输出设置一个正电输出和一个负电输出，同时在输出端口设置一个指示灯，只有两个输出同时有效时相应通路的指示灯会点亮。The safety output interface unit adopts a double-break design. Each pair of outputs is provided with a positive output and a negative output. At the same time, an indicator light is set at the output port. Only when the two outputs are valid at the same time, the indicator light of the corresponding path will light up.
所述安全计算单元采用二取二的双CPU冗余配置。The secure computing unit adopts a two-out-of-two dual-CPU redundant configuration.
所述光纤光栅单元包括可以选择性透光的光学元件。The fiber grating unit includes an optical element that can selectively transmit light.
一种采用上述检测系统的列车占用检测方法，包括：A train occupancy detection method using the above detection system, comprising:
101、光纤光栅单元采集轨道上方的压力，并将信号传输给光栅调制解调单元；101. The fiber grating unit collects the pressure above the track, and transmits the signal to the grating modulation and demodulation unit;
102、光栅调制解调单元对光纤光栅单元传送过来的脉冲信号进行处理，如果采集到压力变化，启动安全输入单元进行进一步的数据采集；102. The grating modulation and demodulation unit processes the pulse signal transmitted by the fiber grating unit, and if a pressure change is collected, the safety input unit is started for further data collection;
103、安全输入单元根据步骤102的输出结果启动相应通道的信号采集和读写逻辑控制，将得到的信息发送给安全计算单元；103. The safety input unit starts the signal acquisition and read-write logic control of the corresponding channel according to the output result of step 102, and sends the obtained information to the safety computing unit;
104、安全计算单元通过对安全输入单元传回的轨道压力进行分析计算，进一步确定轨道形变是否由列车占用造成，并根据光纤光栅的拓扑连接以及存储的轨道区段的状态信息确定轨道区段的占用和出清状态；104. The safety calculation unit analyzes and calculates the track pressure returned by the safety input unit to further determine whether the track deformation is caused by train occupancy, and determines the position of the track section according to the topological connection of the fiber grating and the stored state information of the track section. occupancy and clearance status;
105、安全输出接口单元根据安全计算单元输出的轨道占用和出清状态的数据确定输出驱动的类型，输出相应的轨道占用和出清的状态。105. The safety output interface unit determines the type of the output drive according to the track occupation and clearing status data output by the safety calculation unit, and outputs the corresponding track occupation and clearing status.
所述步骤101中光栅调制解调单元对光纤光栅单元传送过来的脉冲信号进行处理具体为：通过对波长的过滤和耦合，判断光纤光栅网中哪个光纤光栅所在环境有变化以及变化的偏移量大小，过滤除了轨道受到压力外其他影响因素引起的栅距变化，进而给出某个光纤光栅受到的压力大小。In the step 101, the grating modulation and demodulation unit processes the pulse signal transmitted by the fiber grating unit as follows: by filtering and coupling the wavelength, it is judged which fiber grating in the fiber grating network has a change in the environment and the offset of the change Size, filter the grating pitch changes caused by other factors except the pressure on the track, and then give the pressure on a certain fiber grating.
所述步骤103中安全输入单元的信号采集包括采集端口状态、接收安全计算单元下发测试字；安全输入单元的读写逻辑控制包括地址的译码、读写逻辑控制以及数据的选择输出。The signal acquisition of the safety input unit in step 103 includes collecting port status and receiving test words issued by the safety computing unit; the read and write logic control of the safety input unit includes address decoding, read and write logic control, and data selection and output.
与现有技术相比，本发明能够适应城市轨道交通运行线路上的复杂情况，根据线路实际情况，自动实现列车的安全防护，大大提高城市轨道交通运行的安全；光纤光栅传感器为无源器件，重量轻、体积小，不需要在钢轨上打孔，易与光纤连接、低损耗、光谱特性好、可靠性高，适合在恶劣环境中工作；检测采用的是光信号调制方式，适用于长距离传输和分布式测量，具备优良的抗电磁干扰的能力和高灵敏度、高稳定性的特点；将该技术应用于列车占用检测将会极大改善列车占用检测方法和业界应用。Compared with the prior art, the present invention can adapt to the complex situation on the urban rail transit line, automatically realizes the safety protection of the train according to the actual situation of the line, and greatly improves the safety of the urban rail transit operation; the fiber grating sensor is a passive device, Light weight, small size, no need to drill holes on the rail, easy to connect with optical fiber, low loss, good spectral characteristics, high reliability, suitable for working in harsh environments; the detection uses optical signal modulation, suitable for long distances Transmission and distributed measurement have excellent anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities, high sensitivity, and high stability; applying this technology to train occupancy detection will greatly improve train occupancy detection methods and industry applications.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明检测系统基本结构图；Fig. 1 is the basic structural diagram of detection system of the present invention;
图中标注为：1-光纤光栅单元，2-光栅调制解调单元，3-安全输入单元，4-安全计算单元，5-安全输出接口单元，6-光纤光栅检测单元；The figure is marked as: 1-fiber grating unit, 2-grating modulation and demodulation unit, 3-safety input unit, 4-safety calculation unit, 5-safety output interface unit, 6-fiber grating detection unit;
图2为本发明检测方法流程图；Fig. 2 is the flow chart of detection method of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例的脉冲信号检测与处理示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of pulse signal detection and processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation and specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
一种列车占用检测系统，如图1所示，包括：A train occupancy detection system, as shown in Figure 1, comprises:
光纤光栅检测单元6，用于检测轨道的应力变化并处理检测信号；The fiber grating detection unit 6 is used to detect the stress change of the track and process the detection signal;
安全计算单元4，与光纤光栅检测单元6连接，用来对光纤光栅检测单元6所处理后的检测信号进行校验，以及进行所有与列车占用检测有关的计算。The safety calculation unit 4 is connected with the fiber grating detection unit 6, and is used for checking the detection signal processed by the fiber grating detection unit 6, and performing all calculations related to the train occupancy detection.
其中，光纤光栅检测单元6包括光纤光栅单元1和光栅调制解调单元2。Wherein, the fiber grating detection unit 6 includes a fiber grating unit 1 and a grating modulation and demodulation unit 2 .
光纤光栅单元1为使用仪器刻录在光纤上的栅格，其为具有选择性透光的光学敏感元件，该单元将被固定在轨道上，用于检测轨道的应力变化。列车在轨道上运行时，列车的重力导致轨道产生形变，栅格和栅格之间的栅距将会变化，将会引起反射波长发生变化，然后通过光纤将透射光反馈给光栅调制解调单元2中。The fiber grating unit 1 is a grating recorded on an optical fiber using an instrument, and it is an optically sensitive element with selective light transmission. The unit will be fixed on the track to detect the stress change of the track. When the train is running on the track, the gravity of the train will cause the track to deform, the grating pitch between the grids will change, which will cause the reflected wavelength to change, and then the transmitted light will be fed back to the grating modulation and demodulation unit through the optical fiber 2 in.
光栅调制解调单元2与光纤光栅单元1连接，提供组网的光纤光栅所需的入射光和收集经过光纤光栅反射后的透射光并进行波长检测，为光纤光栅传感器的核心部件。光栅调制解调单元2经过波长的过滤和耦合，判断光纤光栅网中哪个光纤光栅周围环境有变化以及变化的偏移量大小，过滤除了钢轨受到压力外其他影响因素引起的栅距变化，进而给出某个光纤光栅受到的压力大小，并通过安全接口将此信息送给安全输入单元3。The grating modulation and demodulation unit 2 is connected with the fiber grating unit 1 to provide the incident light required by the fiber grating for networking and collect the transmitted light reflected by the fiber grating for wavelength detection. It is the core component of the fiber grating sensor. After wavelength filtering and coupling, the grating modulation and demodulation unit 2 judges which fiber grating surrounding environment in the fiber grating network has changed and the offset of the change, and filters the grating pitch changes caused by other influencing factors except the pressure on the rail, and then gives Output the pressure of a certain fiber grating, and send this information to the safety input unit 3 through the safety interface.
安全计算单元4通过安全输入单元3与光栅调制解调单元2连接，安全输入单元3是根据光栅调制解调单元2的输出结果启动相应通道的信号采集和读写逻辑控制。信号采集主要实现采集端口状态、接收安全计算单元4下发测试字，读写逻辑控制主要实现地址的译码、读写逻辑控制以及数据的选择输出。将得到的信息经过编码后送给安全计算单元4。The safety calculation unit 4 is connected to the grating modulation and demodulation unit 2 through the safety input unit 3, and the safety input unit 3 starts the signal acquisition and read-write logic control of the corresponding channel according to the output result of the grating modulation and demodulation unit 2. The signal acquisition mainly implements the acquisition of the port status, and the receiving safety calculation unit 4 issues the test word. The read-write logic control mainly implements address decoding, read-write logic control, and data selection output. The obtained information is sent to the secure computing unit 4 after encoding.
安全计算单元4是本发明列车占用检测系统的核心，用来执行数据校验以及所有与列车占用检测有关的计算，包括输入/输出选址、输入/输出的安全检查、列车占用检测系统与其他子系统通信。安全起见，安全计算单元4采用2取2的双CPU冗余配置，两个独立的CPU通过安全输入单元3独立的获得采集数据，再经过比较一致后输出。经过计算的数据，输出给与安全计算单元4连接的安全输出接口单元5。The safety calculation unit 4 is the core of the train occupancy detection system of the present invention, and is used to perform data verification and all calculations related to the train occupancy detection, including input/output site selection, input/output safety check, train occupancy detection system and other Subsystem communication. For the sake of safety, the safety calculation unit 4 adopts a dual CPU redundancy configuration of 2 out of 2, and two independent CPUs independently obtain collected data through the safety input unit 3, and then output after comparison. The calculated data is output to the safety output interface unit 5 connected to the safety calculation unit 4 .
安全输出接口单元5接收并处理来自安全计算单元4的输出后，驱动接口设备，并且实时检测输出与驱动的一致性和正确性。安全输出接口单元5采用双断设计，每对输出设置一个正电输出和一个负电输出，同时在输出端口设置一个指示灯，只有两个输出同时有效时相应通路的指示灯会点亮。After the safety output interface unit 5 receives and processes the output from the safety calculation unit 4, it drives the interface device, and detects the consistency and correctness of the output and the drive in real time. The safety output interface unit 5 adopts a double-break design. Each pair of outputs is provided with a positive output and a negative output. At the same time, an indicator light is set at the output port. Only when the two outputs are valid at the same time, the indicator light of the corresponding channel will light up.
图1中各个单元之间的连接可以是有线的形式，也可以是无线的形式。各个单元的供电直接由轨旁UPS供给，这样保证了保护的持续性，提高了行车安全的可靠性。The connection between the various units in Fig. 1 may be wired or wireless. The power supply of each unit is directly supplied by the trackside UPS, which ensures the continuity of protection and improves the reliability of driving safety.
一种采用上述检测系统的列车占用检测方法，其流程图如图2所示，包括：A kind of train occupancy detection method that adopts above-mentioned detection system, its flow chart as shown in Figure 2, comprises:
101、光纤光栅单元1采集轨道上方的压力，并将信号传输给光栅调制解调单元2；101. The fiber grating unit 1 collects the pressure above the track, and transmits the signal to the grating modulation and demodulation unit 2;
102、光栅调制解调单元2对光纤光栅单元1传送过来的脉冲信号进行处理，通过对波长的过滤和耦合，判断光纤光栅网中哪个光纤光栅所在环境有变化以及变化的偏移量大小，过滤除了轨道受到压力外其他影响因素引起的栅距变化，进而给出某个光纤光栅受到的压力大小，如果采集到压力变化，启动安全输入单元3进行进一步的数据采集；102. The grating modulation and demodulation unit 2 processes the pulse signal transmitted from the fiber grating unit 1, and judges which fiber grating environment in the fiber grating network has changed and the offset of the change by filtering and coupling the wavelength, and filters The grating pitch changes caused by other influencing factors except the pressure on the track, and then gives the pressure on a certain fiber Bragg grating. If the pressure change is collected, start the safety input unit 3 for further data collection;
103、安全输入单元3根据步骤102的输出结果启动相应通道的信号采集和读写逻辑控制，将得到的信息发送给安全计算单元4；103. The safety input unit 3 starts the signal acquisition and read-write logic control of the corresponding channel according to the output result of step 102, and sends the obtained information to the safety calculation unit 4;
104、安全计算单元4通过对安全输入单元3传回的轨道压力进行分析计算，进一步确定轨道形变是否由列车占用造成，并根据光纤光栅的拓扑连接以及存储的轨道区段的状态信息确定轨道区段的占用和出清状态；104. The safety calculation unit 4 further determines whether the track deformation is caused by the occupation of the train by analyzing and calculating the track pressure returned by the safety input unit 3, and determines the track area according to the topological connection of the fiber grating and the stored state information of the track section Segment occupancy and clearing status;
105、安全输出接口单元5根据安全计算单元4输出的轨道占用和出清状态的数据确定输出驱动的类型，输出相应的轨道占用和出清的状态。105. The safety output interface unit 5 determines the type of the output drive according to the track occupation and clearing status data output by the safety calculation unit 4, and outputs the corresponding track occupation and clearing status.
图3为本实施例在武汉北编组场进行试验采集的脉冲信号检测与处理示意图，图中曲线为光纤光栅单元1采集到的脉冲信号，折线为经过光栅调制解调单元2处理后的脉冲信号。图中横轴为采集频率，示意图中采集频率为190赫兹，纵轴为压力位移量。从图中可以看出，经过该光纤光栅单元1的列车为工程车，且有单轴和三轴，采集结果和实际一致。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the pulse signal detection and processing of the test collection in Wuhan North Marshalling Field in this embodiment, the curve in the figure is the pulse signal collected by the fiber grating unit 1, and the broken line is the pulse signal processed by the grating modulation and demodulation unit 2 . The horizontal axis in the figure is the acquisition frequency, the acquisition frequency in the schematic diagram is 190 Hz, and the vertical axis is the pressure displacement. It can be seen from the figure that the train passing through the fiber grating unit 1 is an engineering vehicle, and has single-axis and three-axis, and the collected results are consistent with the actual ones.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalents within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Modifications or replacements shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN201710253396.4ACN106985879A (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2017-04-18 | A kind of train occupation detecting system and method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710253396.4ACN106985879A (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2017-04-18 | A kind of train occupation detecting system and method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106985879Atrue CN106985879A (en) | 2017-07-28 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710253396.4APendingCN106985879A (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2017-04-18 | A kind of train occupation detecting system and method |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN106985879A (en) |
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| CN200981565Y (en)* | 2006-08-24 | 2007-11-28 | 刘金山 | Device for detecting railway orbit occupation condition |
| CN101397021A (en)* | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-01 | 北京佳讯飞鸿电气股份有限公司 | Vehicle running monitoring system based on optical fibre grating |
| CN201362265Y (en)* | 2009-03-09 | 2009-12-16 | 河南蓝信科技有限公司 | Train FBG axle counting system |
| CN101712329A (en)* | 2009-03-17 | 2010-05-26 | 南宁铁路局 | Gravity inductive type axis-counting device and method for detecting state of tract district using same |
| CN101863278A (en)* | 2010-06-03 | 2010-10-20 | 西南交通大学 | High-speed railway axle counting device based on grating reflection spectrum broadening |
| CN204250093U (en)* | 2014-10-13 | 2015-04-08 | 深圳市科安达轨道交通技术有限公司 | Based on the axle counting system of fiber-optic grating sensor |
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| CN110823264B (en)* | 2019-11-26 | 2024-06-04 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | Continuous track occupation checking system based on fiber bragg grating sensing technology |
| CN112491685A (en)* | 2020-12-31 | 2021-03-12 | 郑州铁路职业技术学院 | High-reliability subway signal transmission protection method |
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