A kind of height leads sparking electrodeTechnical field
The present invention provides a kind of height and leads sparking electrode, is mainly used in extra chock wave lithotriptor, is used as its shock wave sourceGenerating means.
Background technology
Extra chock wave lithotriptor is a kind of Medical Devices for being used to treat calculi in urinary system, and its principle is：Lead to firstCross alignment system and detect patient's calculi in vivo, shock wave source generating means converts electrical energy into shock wave mechanical energy immediately, andEnergy accumulation regions is overlapped with calculus, calculus is excreted after crushing with urine under repeated stock.Because treatment when patient withoutPain, it need not be in hospital, with controlling with walking, extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy has become the Major Clinical means of stone in urinary system treatment.
Extra chock wave lithotriptor mainly includes：Shock wave source generating means, alignment system, control system and water circuit systemDeng.Blast wave generating apparatus is the core system of extra chock wave lithotriptor, and its major function is exactly to convert electrical energy into impactRipple mechanical energy simultaneously converges at certain area.Therapeutic effect, the efficiency of the system decision device.At present, blast wave generating apparatus rootIt is different according to the principle for producing shock wave, electrohydraulic type, electromagnetic type, piezoelectric type etc. can be divided into.Wherein electrohydraulic type shock wave source is because its is brokenStone efficiency high, the treatment voltage of use is low, and the energy accumulating area of formation is small, damages the advantage such as small and is generally used.
The surge waveform of electrohydraulic type shock wave source is into (referring to Fig. 1) being in reflection unit by electrode spark gap with convergenceThe first focus electric discharge of (inside is equipped with water, and inner surface is spheroid), produces shock wave and converges shock reflection through ellipsoidGather in the second focus formation energy accumulating area of ellipsoid.
(referring to Fig. 2) in traditional electrode, electrode anode loading 6kV~12kV high direct voltages, when surge voltage is added to electricityDuring clearance between poles, hydrogen ion and metal ion, the collection of these cations are produced after the irregular micro-peeks of electrode surface and water electrolysisScattered process makes electrode surface electric field local enhancement, ultimately forms high conductance area, the electric discharge of high speed development under this high field intensityJourney is referred to as ebb-flow discharge.Such as Fig. 3, electrode front portion is the electric field constantly strengthened, and afterbody is the plasma that high temperature height is led, plasmaThe moment of body produces, and is the basic reason that surge is produced.Such as Fig. 4, plasma extends through the process of electrode cathode to hitThrough journey, aqueous medium gap once punctures, and the capacitance energy storage in stone crusher shock wave source is by abrupt release in plasma channelIn, rapid expansion is allowed to produce shock wave.After the energy of storage capacitor discharges completely, plasma is after a certain timeAvalanche.And at electrode discharge initial stage, anode loading high voltage, temperature rises, and high temperature is produced in discharge process and with electrodeThe metal consumption at two ends.It is different by the ion concentration in water, the powder distribution of metal consumption when discharging again, during electric discharge simultaneouslyIt is not necessarily by interelectrode shortest path, there is certain randomness.
In practice, by local water ion composition is different, negative and positive the two poles of the earth coaxiality deviation, electrode metal constituent andThe factors such as above-mentioned discharge channel randomness influence, and can produce following problem：
1. bigger in the small discharge in water difficulty of ion concentration compared with the big water of ion concentration, this needs to improve rubbleThe voltage of machine storage capacitor, but the service life of electric capacity is also shortened simultaneously；
2. the loss of the interpolar of negative and positive two is excessive, on the one hand shortens electrode life, on the other hand expand reflecting focalIn the ability accumulation regions of the second focus, so as to reduce the energy density of unit volume, calculifragous efficiency is reduced.In this caseIt is accomplished by improving voltage, but energy accumulating area is expanded, and energy density is constant, can increase the damage to calculus perienchyma.
3. electric interpolar discharge is not by shortest path, point of discharge is unstable, causes to reflex to the energy accumulating of the second focusDrift, causes calculifragous efficiency to reduce, and increases damage.
The content of the invention
In view of above-mentioned technological difficulties, lead sparking electrode the invention provides a kind of height, are mainly used in external knock wave brokenStone machine, is used as the generating means of its shock wave source.The present invention replaces water as conducting medium to improve electrode using high price electrolyteDischarge capability, choose silica gel, latex or other can install one additional on the basis of original electrode with the material of conduct ShockwavesOvercoat is supported, the high price electrolyte of water is dissolved in by supporting the top of overcoat to irrigate and being full of.The present invention have high on-state rate,The features such as discharge channel stabilization, low treatment voltage, long lifespan.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 for electrohydraulic type shock wave source surge waveform into convergence principle schematic.
(in figure, the 1, second focus；2nd, wave envelope is impacted；3rd, reflection unit；4th, electrode；5th, electrode spark gap)
Fig. 2 is conventional electrode configurations schematic diagram.
(in figure, 1, electrode body；2nd, insulator；3rd, copper core；4th, electrode anode；5th, portal frame；6th, electrode cathode)
Fig. 3 is electrode surface discharge, breakdown process schematic diagram
(in figure, a, discharge process；B, breakdown process)
Fig. 4 is highly conductive pole structure chart
(in figure, 1, electrode body；2nd, insulator；3rd, copper core；4th, anode；5th, portal frame；6th, negative electrode；7th, overcoat；8th, liquidPerfusing hole and exhaust outlet)
Embodiment
In use, the highly conductive pole of canned high price electrolyte is installed on into stone crusher.Using it is highly conductive extremely after, it is possible to decreaseUsing voltage, stable impact wave energy accumulation regions, extension electrode life (identical electrode material is used, highly conductive poleService life is 5 times of non-highly conductive pole), and the life-span of stone crusher storage capacitor, high-voltage switch gear can be extended simultaneously.This equipment canLift rubble engine efficiency, it is ensured that good lithotrity effect, and reduce the damage of patient to the full extent.