A kind of double layer capacitorTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of double layer capacitors, and in particular, to a kind of double layer capacity using porous insulation body layerDevice.
Background technology
Ultracapacitor (also be referred to as electrochemical capacitor) is that one kind being capable of massive store electric energy and with high-powerThe capacitor of flash-over characteristic, is a kind of new type of energy storage device between capacitor and battery, ultracapacitor with it is traditionalCapacitor is different, it is anti-by interface between electrode and electrolyte, and/or electrode surface or the reversible redox of insideCharge should be stored, its performance and effect are all between traditional capacitor and secondary cell.Double layer capacitor belongs to superOne kind in capacitor, for generally use carbon material as electrode, its principle is that electrode surface will appear electricity with electrolyte both sidesThe opposite excess charges of property, to make alternate generation potential difference.Therefore, if being inserted into two electrodes simultaneously in the electrolytic solution, andApply the voltage for being less than electrolyte solution decomposition voltage, at this moment effect of the negative ions in electrolyte in electric field therebetweenUnder can be rapidly to two polar motions, and form close charge layer, i.e. electric double layer on the surface of two electrodes respectively, it is formed byElectric double layer is similar with the polarization charge that the dielectric in traditional capacitor generates under electric field action, to generate capacitance effectIt answers, constitutes a double layer capacitor.Compared with ordinary capacitor and common rechargeable batteries, it has the specific capacitance of biggerAmount.Active material layer is typically directly coated on a current collector in the prior art to form anode and cathode, then in positive and negative anodesBetween setting diaphragm constitute a double layer capacitor.The double layer capacitor of this conventional structure, active material and electrolyteContact area is limited, affects the increase of its specific capacitance, and specific capacitance is an important parameter of double layer capacitor, decides electricityThe capacity of container, and it is also the hot issue faced in double layer capacitor development to improve condenser capacity as possible；In additionIntrinsic equivalent series resistance is also a key factor for restricting double layer capacitor performance in double layer capacitor, is sought lowerEquivalent series resistance be also a problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Invention content
Have compared with high specific capacitance in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention will provide one kind while there is relatively low equivalent stringJoin the double layer capacitor of resistance.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
It is an aspect of the invention to provide a kind of double layer capacitor, including it is plus plate current-collecting body, positive electrode active materials, porousInsulator layer, negative current collector, negative electrode active material, which is characterized in that porous in porous three-dimensional net in porous insulation body layerShape structure, wherein being impregnated with electrolyte；The side of wherein porous insulation body layer is contacted with plus plate current-collecting body, the other side with positioned at negativeNegative electrode active material contact on the collector of pole, positive electrode active materials are filled in the close plus plate current-collecting body one of porous insulation body layerConductive contact is formed in the hole of side and with plus plate current-collecting body, positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active material are not set in the hole of the other sideSide to form insulated part or porous insulation body layer is contacted with negative current collector, the other side be located at plus plate current-collecting bodyOn positive electrode active materials contact, negative electrode active material is filled in the hole of close negative current collector side of porous insulation body layerAnd conductive contact is formed with negative current collector, positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active material are not set in the hole of the other side to be formed absolutelyEdge point.
According to the double layer capacitor of this aspect, wherein porous insulation body layer is the glass fibre of porous three-dimensional reticular structureLayer, non-woven fabrics.
According to the double layer capacitor of this aspect, wherein positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active material are active carbon particle, carbonFiber, carbon nanotube.
According to the double layer capacitor of this aspect, wherein porous insulation bulk layer thickness is 60-80 μm, positive electrode active materials or negativeThe depth of cracking closure of pole active material is 35-45 μm.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of double layer capacitor, including plus plate current-collecting body, positive electrode active materials, porousInsulator layer, negative current collector, negative electrode active material, wherein in porous insulation body layer it is porous be in porous three-dimensional reticular structure,It is wherein impregnated with electrolyte, the side of porous insulation body layer is contacted with plus plate current-collecting body, and the other side connects with positioned at negative current collectorIt touches, positive electrode active materials are filled in the hole of the close plus plate current-collecting body side of porous insulation body layer and are formed with plus plate current-collecting bodyConductive contact, negative electrode active material is filled in the hole of the close negative current collector side of porous insulation body layer and and negative pole currect collectingBody forms conductive contact, and wherein positive electrode active materials do not contact with negative electrode active material, between formation be not provided with positive-active materialThe part of material and negative electrode active material, so that the two forms insulation.
According to the double layer capacitor of the another aspect, wherein porous insulation body layer is the glass fibers of porous three-dimensional reticular structureTie up layer, non-woven fabrics.
According to the double layer capacitor of the another aspect, wherein positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active material are activated carbonGrain, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube.
According to the double layer capacitor of the another aspect, wherein porous insulation bulk layer thickness is 80-100 μm, positive-active materialThe depth of cracking closure of material and negative electrode active material is respectively 35-40 μm.
The advantage of the invention is that：It is filled by using the insulator layer of porous three-dimensional reticular structure, and by active materialIn wherein, compared with the existing technology in directly coat active material layer on a current collector, active material and electrolysis can be significantly increasedThe contact area of liquid, improves the specific surface area of capacitor, and it is possible thereby to actual range between the positive and negative anodes that further, in turnIncrease specific capacitance and reduce equivalent series resistance, while by being not provided with positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active in insulator layerThe part of material plays the role of diaphragm to form an insulating layer to avoid short circuit.
Specific implementation mode
By reading the detailed description of hereafter preferred embodiment, various other advantages and benefit are common for this fieldTechnical staff will become clear.It provides these embodiments to be to be able to be best understood from the disclosure, and canThe scope of the present invention is completely communicated to those skilled in the art.
The present invention increases the contact area with electrolyte by the way that active material is filled into porous insulation body layer, draws simultaneouslyThe distance of nearly positive and negative anodes active material, specific fill method do not limit, conventional fill method may be used, control simultaneouslyDepth of cracking closure, such as：Barrier material can be first set in one side opening of porous insulation body layer to form barrier layer, then anotherActive material is filled in side, after filling, removes barrier layer, is filled with active material to form a side opening, another side opening is not filled outFill the structure of active material；It can certainly directly fill, by the way of being impregnated using active material, but control be should be noted that when fillingDepth processed.
For the material selection of porous insulation body layer, porous three-dimensional reticular structure is needed, can fully accommodate active matterIn the case of matter, electrolyte also can be fully received, specific material is such as glass layer, non-woven fabrics.
Anode and negative electrode active material do not limit, and can be the double layer capacitor carbon-based active material of routine, such as activityCarbon, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber etc., but size will be adapted with the aperture of porous insulation body layer, and being subject to smoothly to fill.
Selection for above-mentioned porous insulation bulk layer thickness, thickness is too big, and positive and negative anodes spacing can be caused excessive, be unfavorable forThe promotion of performance, thickness is too small, and the filling of active material can be made not easy to control, influence yield rate and end properties, for fillingDepth, filling is too deep to cause the part for not setting active material excessively thin, and technique is not easy to control, is susceptible to short circuit problem, fillDepth is excessively shallow, can make positive and negative anodes actual range farther out, and the purpose for the two distance that furthers is not achieved, and therefore, unilateral side is filledThe scheme of active material, porous insulation bulk layer thickness are preferably 60-80 μm, the filling of positive electrode active materials or negative electrode active materialDepth is preferably 35-45 μm；The scheme of active material is filled for bilateral, porous insulation bulk layer thickness is preferably 80-100 μm,The depth of cracking closure of positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active material is respectively preferably 35-40 μm.
Embodiment 1：
Aluminium foil is provided as plus plate current-collecting body and negative current collector, carbon based negative electrodes activity material is set on negative current collectorMaterial；The glass layer (60 μm of thickness) that one porous three-dimensional reticular structure is provided, by the activated carbon as positive electrode active materialsGrain is filled into the side of glass layer, control depth of cracking closure (about 45 μm), so that in the hole of the other side of glass layer notPositive electrode active materials are filled, plus plate current-collecting body is set to the above-mentioned side of glass fibre, and make plus plate current-collecting body and positive-activeMaterials conductive contacts, and the negative current collector with negative electrode active material is set to the other side, is then impregnated with electrolyte.
Embodiment 2：
Aluminium foil is provided as plus plate current-collecting body and negative current collector, carbon based negative electrodes activity material is set on negative current collectorMaterial；The glass layer (60 μm of thickness) that one porous three-dimensional reticular structure is provided, by the activated carbon as positive electrode active materialsGrain is filled into the side of glass layer, control depth of cracking closure (about 30 μm), so that in the hole of the other side of glass layer notPositive electrode active materials are filled, plus plate current-collecting body is set to the above-mentioned side of glass fibre, and make plus plate current-collecting body and positive-activeMaterials conductive contacts, and the negative current collector with negative electrode active material is set to the other side, is then impregnated with electrolyte.
Embodiment 3：
Aluminium foil is provided as plus plate current-collecting body and negative current collector, the glass layer of a porous three-dimensional reticular structure is provided(100 μm of thickness) will be filled into the side of glass layer as the active carbon particle of positive electrode active materials, control depth of cracking closure(about 35 μm) will be filled into the other side of glass layer as the active carbon particle of negative electrode active material, control depth of cracking closure(about 35 μm), to form the part for being not filled with active material between, so that positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active materialIt does not contact, avoids short circuit, plus plate current-collecting body and negative current collector are then respectively arranged on glass fibre both sides, and make the two respectivelyWith positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active material conductive contact, it is then impregnated with electrolyte.
Following table lists the equivalent series resistance and specific capacitance of double layer capacitor prepared by embodiment 1-3, it can be seen that adoptsWith the double layer capacitor of institute's limiting structure of the present invention, lower equivalent series resistance and higher specific capacitance can be obtained.
| Equivalent series resistance (milliohm) | Specific capacitance (F/g) |
| Embodiment 1 | 23 | 181 |
| Embodiment 2 | 28 | 175 |
| Embodiment 3 | 21 | 195 |
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of the claimSubject to enclosing.