A kind of production method of Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa seedTechnical field
The present invention relates to biological field of planting, and in particular to a kind of production method of Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa seed.
Background technology
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is that pulse family clover belongs to perennial herb, the title for having " King of Pasture ", toolThere is crude protein content high, grass yield is high, reproducibility is strong, resistance to cradle, the features such as utilization periods are long.Stem is upright, grow thickly down to prostration,Four prismatics, hairless or micro- by pubescence, branches and leaves are luxuriant.Seed is avette, long 1-2.5 millimeters, smoothly, yellow or brown.Florescence 5-7Month, the fruiting period 6-8 months.The alfalfa spring of the high Dormancy rating in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River more early enters growth animated period, after cradlingReproduction speed is fast, long using the time, and production potential is high.With flourishing for herbivorous stock raising, particularly China milk industry developsUpdate phase is in, the demand of high-quality high protein roughage increasingly increases, and the cultivated area of southern area alfalfa is continuousExpand.Alfalfa can be cradled 6-9 times in southern area unicast whole year, and dry matter production can be more than 12.9 × 103kg/hm2, mostHeight can reach 23.7 × 103kg/hm2, crude protein content is stable more than 18%, can reach 26%.The high pale reddish brown lucerne of Dormancy ratingMu is in the annual green in southern area, using the time at the beginning of first arrival in March 12 months.The two stage clover lifes of winter to early spring and midsummerLength is slower, can be used according to growing way, and the plot that continuous more than the 5d highest temperatures are less than 35 DEG C and have irrigation conditions can be cradledUtilize.
Originate in Asia Minor, Iran, the band of Transcaucasia one.There is cultivation all over the world or in semi-wild state.It is born inThe ground such as Tian Bian, roadside, wilderness, grassland, riverbank and cheuch.Plantation is feed and herbage extensively for Eurasia and countries in the world.
Alfalfa have the title of " King of Pasture ", and its purposes protruded is exactly feeding, because alfalfa nutrition is richRichness, palatability is good, and yield is high, all has important value in hay production, ensiling and grazing meadow planting；Particularly pale reddish brown lucerneIt containing abundant protein, mineral matter, multivitamin, several amino acids in the cauline leaf of Mu, blue or green can both raise, ensiling, also may be usedWith modulate green hay, processing grass meal, or mixed feed or mixed fodder first-class Vegetable protein sources.Therefore, South Botanical DevelopmentThe production of square alfalfa, for promoting the development of China's animal husbandry safe animal products, meeting the market demand, increase animal husbandry economyBenefit, the income for improving numerous peasants and herdsmen, suffer from great meaning.In addition, alfalfa is not only excellent forage grass, more it is rich inMultiple nutritional components, trace element, can for extracting alfalfa saponin, clover flavones, Alfalfa Polysaccharide, cumarin etc., have it is edible,Medical value and healthcare function.Furthermore, plantation alfalfa is increased soil fertility in which can also accomplish kind, with conserving water and soil, improved soil,Optimization Planting structure effect (it is observed that the roots of alfalfa of plantation 3 years is deep up to more than 3m, clover root amount 0.3-0.5 ×104kg/h)。
Clover is distributed mainly on warm area, is substantially in zonal distribution, the U.S., Canada, Italy, method on the Northern HemisphereState, north of China and former Soviet Union south are main producing regions；In the Southern Hemisphere, there are fairly large cultivation, such as Ah root in only some countriesThe court of a feudal ruler, Chile, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand etc..Whole world cultivated area about 3100 × 104H ㎡ (are counted) for 2013, the U.S.Cultivated area is maximum, and area is more than 1000 × 104H ㎡, account for the 33% of total cultivated area；Argentina second, Canada the 3rd,China the 5th, about 140 × 104H ㎡, account for the 4.5% of total cultivated area.
Alfalfa originates in West Asia Iran, during B.C. 115 years Emperors Wu Di of the Han dynasty, and opening to give the best account of makes that area, by pale reddish brown lucerneMu takes China Xi'an to, is planted extensively on NORTHWEST CHINA, North China, northeast and other places from this, as China it is most ancient, it is most important plantOne of herbage is trained, alfalfa production is increasingly becoming northern China Provinces (regions), particularly Loess Plateau, rural economyIn Novel pillar industry, therefore the masses in area have rich experience to kind of an alfalfa above, and scientific research department is to planting pale reddish brown lucerneMu had many researchs, and had many scientific achievements.However, Alfalfa Grass Yield because growth year is different with natural conditions andExcursion is very big, broadcasts rear 2-5 general 3-6 × 10 of green forage yield4Kg/h ㎡, hay yield 0.6-1.2 × 104kg/h㎡。In the north, First Year is planted, 1-2 batches can only be cradled, economic benefit is relatively low, after Second Year, yield progressivelyes reach stabilization, every year3-4 batches can be cradled.High term is 2-3, is reached after high term, with the extension of growth year, yield is gradually reduced, thereforeThe clover optimum utilization time limit is generally 5-6.By annual output hay amount 0.6-1.2 × 104Kg/h ㎡ are calculated, and the existing alfalfa ground of China is totalArea 140 × 104H ㎡ can produce dry clover 840-1680 × 104t。
The market capacity of alfalfa product is huge, and one is development cowboying (milk cow), sheep (milch goat), fowl, and demand is big, according toStatistics, Shanghai City milk cow company breeding milk cow is up to 4 × 104Head or so, needs alfalfa dry measure 1.2 × 10 year4T, the whole nation how manyIndividual milk cow company, milch goat company, poultry-farm, required alfalfa product are very considerable；Two be special livestock breeding (such as ostrich)The rise of phytophage special animalses aquaculture and extensive development, as the new consumption market of alfalfa product；Three be feedIndustrial expansion needs alfalfa product, because the country there is no a mixed feed manufacturer by alfalfa product at presentIt is included within Vegetable protein sources, regardless of whether considering from feed-use grain is reduced, or from mixed feed nutritional ingredient is improved, dropsLow production cost considers, the important development trend that feed a part grain is future in feed industry is replaced with alfalfa product,Increase from China human mortality and cultivated land area is irreversible, this big fundamental realities of the country of grain demand pressure is seen, this development trendIt will turn into again inevitable；Animal husbandry demand, special cultivation demand, feed industry demand sum are produced far beyond alfalfaProduct are existing to produce dry clover 840-1680 × 10 per year4T level, domestic market capacity has much on earth, is predicted according to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,The year dry matter production of China's alfalfa product only accounts for the 5% of tomorrow requirement total amount at this stage.City of the alfalfa product countryField capacity is huge, causes the concern of some external feed producers, for example, the alfalfa green grass or young crops that China in 1994 sign with CanadaHay import deal amount oneself more than 1 × 104T, is ten times of the export volume of the alfalfa product of China.In recent years, China's grassSupply falls short of demand in the international market for product, and the country such as America and Europe is increased to the demand of alfalfa hay powder with annual 30% speedLong, its price is higher by more than 4 times than corn.
The approach of 95% alfalfa product consumption is solved, one is to increase the yield per unit area, two be to expand plantationArea.In a sense, northern China passes through long-term plantation, increase area and the plasticity increase the yield per unit areaAll oneself is fairly small, but the superior south of geographical conditions then has ample scope for one's abilities, and therefore, either examines from meeting the market demandConsider, or from consideration of transforming agricultural production, Alfalfa Growing center of gravity south, which is moved, will turn into alfalfa productionDevelopment trend.From China, north and south geographical conditions differ greatly, and the short time is wanted to break away from demand pressure of the market to alfalfa product againFrom the point of view of power, this development trend will turn into inevitable again.
Xinjiang Big Leaf Alfalfa is in China's western growth history about more than 2000 years, and Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa is that the whole nation is excellentGood local alfalfa variety, and field peasants and herdsmen select, cultivate and adapt to local climate and cultivate consciously for a long time,The good forage kind confirmed by national herbage variety validation board.In the Xian Yi cities Zhong Shu Yutian Counties great Ye of Hotan Prefecture sevenAlfalfa Growing area is most, kind is most excellent, just there is the pale reddish brown original seed clovers of great Ye in more than 40 years of plantation in mountain area.
Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa is that pulse family clover belongs to herbaceos perennial, and blade is especially big (to be gone out greatly compound leaf area to be more than8cm2), it is original in style.Plant reaches as high as 2.1 meters or so.Root system is especially flourishing, and main root is thick obvious in cone, lateral rootKnurl of taking root larger, grow thickly stem eye on rhizome, stem eye develops into stem, plant shape is upright, and root neck branch is more, and many persons are up to 100More than individual, stem was hollow, sturdy in four prismatics, cane, and blade is especially big, late-maturing based on flower purple, 100-110 days breeding time.But quality is tender.Leaf margin has serration at leaf top 1/3.Flower is raceme, has short handle, is made up of 20-30 little Hua, flowerBe preced with butterfly, it is pale reddish brown based on, spend lasting one month.Pod spiral shape, 1.5-2.5 circles, pod includes 7-9, seed, seed kidneyIt is type, yellowish-brown, glossy.2.3 grams or so of mass of 1000 kernel.Stem/leaf ratio is 1.24-1.44：1, Ratio of dry to fresh matter of leaves is 4.16-4.68：1, it is rawThe phase is educated for 100 days or so.
Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa has following biological property：1st, stable yield, reproduction speed is fast.In the Plain of the South of Xinjiang area seaDial 1000-1500 meters of water and soil conditions preferably local, 4-5 batches can be cut every year, area above sea level 2600 meters or so can also cut 1-2 batches.One ton of hay can be harvested under the general reachable 6000KG of fresh grass, general condition, under the conditions of scientific management, 0.07 hectare can be harvestedSeed 60KG, 20~65KG under the conditions of general management, long lifespan, resistance to aging, the long lifespan under the conditions of Hotan Prefecture's Routine ManagementUp to more than 25 years, green forage yield fall and change little between year.2nd, long lifespan is grown.Southern Xinjiang in Xinjiang is normalAdvise under management condition, its life-span can reach more than 50 years, and resistance to aging, and high term was up to more than 10 years, and yield is relatively stablized.Plant for many yearsYield fall and change little between year after plant.Seed-breeding field can be utilized 12 years or so.3rd, strong stress resistance, it is cold-resistant, resistance toDrought, water saving：Drought tolerance is strong, do not watered before Hotan Prefecture July will not drought it is dead, it is also very cold-resistant, have accumulated snow condition at -35 DEG CUnder, can safe overwintering, because its root polar system is flourishing, drought-resistant ability very, it is annual irrigate 1-2 time also can normal growth, water saving is significantlyBelong to water for economy crop.4th, premunition is strong.Weather relatively dry or repeatedly cradle, it is sunny under the conditions of be difficult to catch an illness.5th, fitAnswer scope wide.It is unique half fall dormancy kind in Medicago in China kind, suitably in whole year >=10 DEG C of 1700-4500 DEG C of accumulated temperatureArea growth, many areas of China can be planted.
The content of the invention
For deficiency of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome existing defect there is provided onePlant the production method of Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa seed.
A kind of production method of Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa seed, methods described comprises the following steps：
Step 1: seed treatment；
Step 2: consolidation；
Step 3: sowing；
Step 4: field management；
Step 5: irrigating；
Step 6: cradling.
The seed treatment of the step one, specifically includes following steps：
Step (A), Seeds preprocess：Select full, free from insect pests, without the alfalfa seed gone mouldy, to alfalfa kindThe time that son is irradiated using the gamma ray of radio isotope protactinium is 0.5-1 hours, and transmitted intensity is Gr300, irradiationDistance is 4-8m；At ambient temperature, alfalfa seed is soaked in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1% and disappearedMalicious 10-15min, then 3-5min in the absolute ethyl alcohol that concentration is 90% is soaked in, rinsed 2-3 times with aqua sterilisa after taking-up, it is naturalAir-dry；
It is prepared by step (B), seed nutritional liquid：The raw material components of the seed nutritional liquid are, 1-5 parts of Difenoconazole, sliding8-10 parts of stone flour, 30-40 parts of natto resin, 10-15 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts, 3 μm ol/L of copper sulphate are thin10-15 parts of born of the same parents' mitogen, 2-5 parts of biological humic acid, 5-10 parts of urea, 2-3 parts of borax, 0.5-1 parts of indolebutyric acid, methyl α-naphthyl acetate0.2-0.5 parts, 10-15 parts of montmorillonite, 1-5 parts of illite, 1-5 parts of kaolin, 1-5 parts of muscovite, 2-6 parts of glass microballoon, chlorineChange 5-10 parts of sodium, 1-5 parts of potassium chloride, 3-5 parts of tourmaline, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5-10 parts of triacontanol, 5-10 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate,The ultrasonic liquid 80-100 parts by weight of 5-8 parts of chitosan, ligustrum lucidum ait blade, 500-800 parts of water, EC values 0.6, acid-base value pH value is adjusted to7.0；The ultrasonic liquid of the ligustrum lucidum ait blade is made up of following methods：Ligustrum lucidum ait blade is crushed, 5-8g/L is added biologicalSOD enzymes, by ultrasonic continuous stream biomixer, supersonic frequency 1-10KHz, power 800-1000W, suspension flows per hourMeasure as 10Kg, ultrasonically treated 60-100min resulting solutions；
Step (C), seed soaking：In seed agitator, alfalfa seed is put into, cmc soln is sprayed while stirringAnd alfalfa seed moistening is continued stirring until, and add after the rhizobium melioti for accounting for alfalfa seed quality 1% and continue to stir, it is equal to carrying disease germsCmc soln is added after even and continues stirring, nutrient solution is added and produces alfalfa seed to stirring；WillSeed is with nutrient solution according to 100:The weight of (35-55) is ultrasonically treated 10-15 minutes than being soaked seed.
The consolidation of the step 2, specifically includes following steps：
Step a, laying water carrying services；At the field edge 20-50m that kind of alfalfa is treated apart from every mu, a circular cone is dugShape hollow place, depth is 5-10m, with the native padded 15-20cm in ground by dell surrounding dug out；Middle part is dug a diameter of in hole1.5-2m sump, depth is untill reaching underground water, and the remainder in hole pads upper original soil layer, fine sand successively from high to lowLayer, Flyash Layer and gravel layer；3-5 bar charge for remittance ditches are set respectively at the two ends in the field of kind of clover, and respectively by water pipe withOne pumped well connection, digs out one wide 30-40 centimetres in the side of each high field back of the body sun, deep 20-30 centimetres of water storage ditch,It is close to water storage ditch and places 3-4 aqua storage tank, each aqua storage tank is connected with described charge for remittance ditch, every 2-3 on each aqua storage tankRice sets a delivery port towards water storage ditch；Hidden pipe is buried in field, and hidden pipe is connected with delivery port, hidden pipe diameter 5-8cm, hidden pipePerisporium sets water seepage hole；2-3 meters of hidden pipe spacing, 1 meter of buried depth, 20-25 meters of length；The aqua storage tank uses carbon/silicon carbide compoundMaterial is prepared from, and the aqua storage tank inner surface is coated with water-impervious coating；Aqua storage tank is located at 1-2 meters of field side；
Field will be planted with hollow brick and is separated into wide 1.5-2.5 meters plantation row, hollow brick builds high 10-15 centimetres, wide 5-7 lisRice, then placed angle is that water jet is provided with 10-15 ° of tooth form pipeline, tooth peak on hollow brick；Spray irrigation system includes settingSuction pump on water source, suction pump is connected with main system closure gate valve, and main system closure gate valve is communicated with supervisor, the one of supervisorEnd is connected with main system closure gate valve, and the other end of supervisor is connected with magnetic valve, and magnetic valve is connected by controller control, magnetic valvePressure regulator is connected to, pressure regulator has been used in conjunction on several branch pipes, branch pipe and has been provided with shower nozzle；Shower nozzle is rotating sprinkler,The range of shower nozzle is 1-5m, on every branch pipe the distance between two neighboring shower nozzle be between 5-8m, two neighboring branch pipe away fromFrom for 5-8m；
Step b, soil turn over whole；And be that 4-5kg/ mus of 5% Furadan, mass concentration are that 80% fenaminosulf can with mass concentrationWP 2-3kg/ even spread fertilizer over the fields in soil per mu carries out disinfection, the deep ploughing 50-60cm in plantation row, and soil is in small, broken bitsIt is even；Wide 15-30 centimetres, deep 35-55 centimetres kind planting ditch is excavated, line-spacing 15-25cm is laid successively from down to up in kind of planting ditchThe original soil layer of 5-10cm gravel layers, 1-5cm fine sand layers 15-20cm composite soil and 14-20cm；The composite soil is to take diggingThe process uniform soil in small, broken bits taken is with nutrient solution according to (5-10)：The weight ratio of (1-3) is mixed to get, composite soil and original soilLayer forms plantation layer；Risen on plantation layer and row ditch is set between rib, rib, the difference in height of rib and row ditch is 15-20cm, soilAlfalfa seed is planted on ridge；
Step c, basal dressing, the basal dressing time, dose was every mu of 10-35kg, the base manure 10-15 days before deep ploughingMaterial component and weight proportion be, 30-50 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 10-15 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide 20-25 parts, 50-80 parts of stalk erosion, 1-5 parts of sodium selenite, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-5 parts of calcium chloride, 5-15 parts of KI, grass20-30 parts of wood ash, 3-8 parts of cellulose-decomposing bacterium, 1-5 parts of nitrobacteria, 3-8 parts of actinomyces, 7-10 parts of phosphobacteria；The stalkErosion includes：10-20 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of pig manure, 5-10 parts of humic bacterium, 100 parts of maize straw, sodium carboxymethylcellulose1-5 parts, 5-10 parts of paclobutrazol, 50-60 parts of vinasse.
The material component and weight proportion of nutrient solution are in the step b, 30-60 parts of cow dung, industrial flyash 10-20Part, 8-10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-10 parts of peafowl faeces of fermentation, 30-50 parts of soybean stalk powder, 1-6 parts of montmorillonite, kaolin 5-10Part, 5-10 parts of turfy soil, 1-5 parts of vermiculite, 1-5 parts of bentonite, 10-12 parts of peat, 10-15 parts of aluminium chloride, calcium phosphate 10-15Part, 5-8 parts of ammonium tartrate, 1~2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-5 parts of agar, 20-25 parts of wheat bran, sodium chloride 2-4 parts, 1% sodium molybdate solution 15-20mL, the content of humic acid is more than 85% in the peat.
Sowing in the step 3, including spring sowing and planted in fall, the sowing include drilling, bunch planting, program requestWith broadcast sowing.
Spring sowing, the sowing time for by the end of February to early April, the middle ten days below the moon no more than 4 at the latest, continuous 7d (my god)The lowest temperature can be sowed higher than 10 DEG C；Alfalfa application rate is 0.5-1.0kg/ mus, and clover depth of planting is broadcast in 1-3cmSuppression 1 time, sown scope 4-5m are carried out afterwards, and alfalfa line-spacing is 50-70cm, hill spacing 30-45cm.
The planted in fall, the sowing time is mid-July to mid-August, and at the latest no more than late August, continuous 7d is minimumTemperature can not then be sowed less than 10 DEG C, and application rate is 0.5-1.0kg/ mus, after planting covers fine earth 1-2cm, line-spacing 50-70cm, caveAway from 20-25cm, clover depth of planting after planting, is suppressed 2 times in 1-3cm, sown scope 4-5m.
The step 4 field management, specifically includes following steps：
Step I, in seedling management：Seedling of alfalfa is not irrigated in cotyledon period, more than 1 year clover breeding time Fertigation, oftenStubble applies 4-5kg/ mus of 7-8kg/ mus of urea and potassium-ammonium phosphate in -5 days 3 days after harvesting with water droplet；Growth period irrigates 5 times altogether, every timeMu irrigation quantity 60-80m3；Covered after irrigating 150mL with preservative film, preservative film covering growth 5-8 days takes preservative film off after emerging；
Step II, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Disease control is based on downy mildew, brown spot, and pest control object has leaf weevil, JiHorse, aphid；In downy mildew early stage, from 300-350 times of liquid of 70% Zineb wettable powder, or 80% Mancozeb can200-350 times of liquid of WP, or 80% general 400-500 times of liquid of aqua of making every effort to overcome are sprayed or spray 1 in plant early stage:100 Bordeaux mixture, or 70% 300-400 times of liquid of Sandofan wettable powder, 60% iprodione wettable powder 1200-1400Times liquid, is spaced 5-8 days and sprays 1 time, continuously prevent and treat 4 times；In brown spot early stage, from 60% carbendazol wettable powder200-400 times of liquid, or 75% 300-500 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl wettable powder, or 80% Bravo wettable powder 400-500 times of liquid are sprayed；The preventing and treating of thrips is in thrips early period of origination, from 800-900 times of 8% rLiquid, or 800-900 times of liquid of 8% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 35% Acker 5000-6000 times of liquid of safe water dispersible granules, orMorning or dusk thrips activity peak period are sprayed or 300-400 times of liquid of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate with 50% or the spray of 60% Folithion missible oilMist is prevented and treated；The preventing and treating of leaf weevil is opposed using wooden dipper first, sprays 45-55g/ mus；The preventing and treating of aphid is that occur the phase in aphid, is selected10% 1000-1500 times of imidacloprid wettable powder liquid, or 25% Acker 5000-6000 times of liquid of safe water dispersible granules, or 4.5%800-1000 times of liquid of r, or 60% 1500-2500 times of liquid of Aphox wettable powder, carry out cauline leaf sprayMist, or 30% Nitenpyram and 50% pymetrozine mixture 5-10g are used, add water 40-50kg, every mu of sprinkling 30-35kg；
Step III, fertilizing management：Apply fertilizer in two times, when being that clover turns green for the first time, fertilizer of turning green is applied to alfalfa grasslandsWith microbe additive according to (10-20)：The weight of (1-5) than mixture；It is after clover cradles, to alfalfa grasslands for the second timeTopdressed using cradling with microbe additive according to (15-25)：The weight of (1-5) than mixture；The consumption of the fertilising is3000-3500kg/hm2；
Wherein, the material component of described fertilizer of turning green is with weight proportion, 30-50 parts of gibberellin, animal/vegetable protein glue1-5 parts, 10-15 parts of the basic element of cell division, 50-100 parts of calcium chloride, 30-40 parts of urea；1-5 parts of cupric sulfate pentahydrate；White vitriol10-15 parts；10-35 parts of boric acid；
Described cradle topdresses material component and weight proportion is, 40-60 parts of abscisic acid, 5-8 parts of animal/vegetable protein glue, yellowRotten 100-150 parts of potassium of acid, 50-100 parts of MAP, 1-5 parts of montmorillonite, 5-10 parts of illite, 5-10 parts of kaolinite, ammonium nitrate50-80 parts, 20-25 parts of double superhosphate, 15-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 8-10 parts of calcium chloride, 5-8 parts of chelated zinc, 1-3 parts of polypeptide, naphthalene1-3 parts of acetic acid sodium salt, 1-3 parts of thiocarbamide, 1-5 parts of polyoxin, 2-5 parts of kasugarnycin, 20-30 parts of plant ash, potassium selenate 0.5-1Part；
The material component and weight proportion of microbe additive, 10-20 parts of peat, 30-50 parts of edible fungi residues, maize straw30-50 parts, 100-150 parts of chicken manure, 20-50 parts of pig manure, 150-200 parts of water, 1-5 parts of diatomite, 25-35 parts of microorganism, it is describedMicroorganism be nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, ammonia oxidation bacteria or nitrite-oxidizing bacterium.
The step 5 is irrigated, including drip irrigation and spray irrigation；
The drip irrigation arranges that the irrigation method of shallow embedding formula drip irrigation is branch pipe rotation flow, and branch pipe is used using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation zonePE90 flexible pipes；Irrigated using small water, many frequencys and batch (-type) drip irrigation, selection flow 0.5-1m3/ h, implements batch (-type) drip irrigation,After drip irrigation is irrigated 1-2 hours, stop filling 0.5-2 hours, initial bloom stage drip irrigation of the first batch of branching stage of clover to before cradling irrigates 8-12It is secondary, time interval 4-6 days, single drip irrigation quota 8-10m3/ mu；Second batch first to before cradling with the 3rd batch of alfalfa growing branching stageFlorescence drip irrigation is irrigated 15-20 times, time interval 1-3 days, irrigation norm 12-15m3/ mu；
The sprinkling irrigation, including seedling stage sprinkling irrigation；Sprayed 2 times per 3-4 days, the time of sprinkling irrigation starts for morning 10-11 points, continuouslySpray 3-5 hours, each irrigation volume is 23-25 cubic metres/hectare；The sprinkling irrigation also includes cut issue and sprayed；The cut issue sprayFill, spray 1 time within every 10 days, the time of sprinkling irrigation, continuous spray 3-5 hours, each irrigation volume was 35-37 cubes to start at 4 points in afternoonRice/hectare.
The step 6 is cradled, and specifically includes following steps：
Step (d) is gathered in pregnant flower bud phase to initial bloom stage, is come into bloom in clover, and flowering rate is carried out when reaching 10-30%Harvesting is advisable, and specifically gathers in the time：First batch of clover harvesting time in mid or late May, with backsight water and fertilizer condition, every 30 days~Cradle once within 40 days, 3 batches~4 batches can be cradled every year；(explanation：Because involved by this patent is seed-breeding field, grass is different fromField, seed maturity is waited for after having cut one batch of grass late May, if careless growing way is luxuriant after seed maturity, highly reaches 70-100cm, just cuts one batch of grass, i.e., one batch grass, one batch of seed again.)
Step (e) toothing, when cradling, upper soll layer should be dried, and the mowing height for the stubble left should be controlled in 5-8cm, lastWhen once cradling, the growth period of 30 days is stayed, last batch of height for the stubble left control is in 10-15cm；
Step (f) bundling；
In the step 6, include the harvest of seed, the harvesting approach of the seed is one batch of grass, one batch of seed, orTwo batches of grass of person, one batch of seed.
Also include the management in alfalfa seed field, wherein, the seed-breeding field, 3.75-7.5 kilograms of per hectare, application rate 0.25-0.5 kilogram every mu.Seed-breeding field is unicast, bunch planting or broad line seeding, 50-70 centimetres of line-spacing, 30 centimetres of hill spacing.Seedling 1- is stayed per cave2 plants.
Bee pollination technology, the preferred shallow buried type internally-inlaid drip irrigation zone of irrigation are preferably used before seed harvest.
Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa cultivation history is long, with quality better, high, nutritious yield, strong stress resistance, effect of increasing soil fertilityExcellent characteristic is substantially waited, its variety source advantage is mainly manifested in the following aspects：
There is higher nutrition feeding value：Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa blade is especially big, herbaceous stem is delicate, nutritive value is very high, thick eggIn vain, vitamin and mineral content are abundant, and the amino acid ratio of components of protein is more complete, and the necessary amino acid content of animal is high, doesContain thick protein 21.3% in grass, crude fat content 2.6-2.8% can substitute part fine fodder, and palatability is good, various familiesEating is raiseeed, tender clover can be as the good protein of livestock and poultry, vitamin supplement material.
Improve the soil using notable, it is possible to increase soil fertility.Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa well developed root system, root system can stretch hall after 3 years3-6 meters, root is rich in root nodule, is used with stronger fixed nitrogen, can improve the content of organic matter in 0-30 cm layer of soil6.1%-9.3% or so, at the same time it can also increase the effect granule of soil, improves soil property, increases soil fertility.
Save labour：Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa is perennial grass, and its life-span and high term are long, except sowing needs to throw thenEnter outside certain labour, only need a small amount of labour to manage in remaining each year.Than farmings such as plant cotton, wheat, corn, melon dishesIt is notable that thing saves labour.
Beneficial effect
1st, 1 hectare of alfalfa is planted, is cradled from plantation to first batch of fresh grass：Seedling stage water consumption be 100-110 cubic metres/Hectare, growth period water consumption is 300-320 cubic metres/hectare, and cut issue water consumption is 50-60 cubic metres/hectare, relative to normalThe total water-saving amount of irrigation method of rule is 60-65%；
2nd, Alfalfa Growing 10, after 20 days, determine the moisture content of soil layer at soil 30cm, Alfalfa Growing 10 daysAfterwards, the moisture content of soil layer is 40-45% at 30cm, and Alfalfa Growing is after 20 days, and the moisture content of soil layer is 41- at 30cm42%；
3rd, the Alfalfa Growing phase：The germination percentage of alfalfa is 99%, and the survival rate of alfalfa is 98%；
4th, after alfalfa is cradled：The per mu yield of first batch of alfalfa fresh grass is 3800-4000 kgs/acre, pale reddish brown lucerneThe content of crude protein is that the content of crude fat in 18%, the hay of alfalfa is 3%, the hay of alfalfa in the hay of MuIn coarse-fibred content be 35%.
5th, water-supply pipeline and drip irrigation pipe are embedded in underground, it is to avoid because of tractor-ploughing or human factor and caused by irrigation equipmentDamage, while effectively prevent plastic piping because ultraviolet irradiation caused by aging, substantially prolongs making for water adding systemUse the life-span.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of production method of Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa seed, methods described comprises the following steps：
Step 1: seed treatment；
Step 2: consolidation；
Step 3: sowing；
Step 4: field management；
Step 5: irrigating；
Step 6: cradling.
Step one seed treatment, specifically includes following steps：
Step (A), Seeds preprocess：Select full, free from insect pests, without the alfalfa seed gone mouldy, to alfalfa kindSon is 0.5 hour using time for being irradiated of gamma ray of radio isotope protactinium, and transmitted intensity is Gr300, irradiation away fromFrom for 4m；At ambient temperature, alfalfa seed is soaked in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1% and sterilized10min, then 3min in the absolute ethyl alcohol that concentration is 90% is soaked in, rinsed 2 times with aqua sterilisa after taking-up, natural air drying；
It is prepared by step (B), seed nutritional liquid：The raw material components of the seed nutritional liquid are, 1 part of Difenoconazole, talcum8 parts of powder, 30 parts of natto resin, 10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts, 3 μm 10 parts of ol/L basic elements of cell division of copper sulphate, biology2 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of urea, 2 parts of borax, 0.5 part of indolebutyric acid, 0.2 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 10 parts of montmorillonite, 1 part of illite, kaoliniteIt is native 1-5 parts, 1 part of muscovite, 2 parts of glass microballoon, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 1 part of potassium chloride, 3 parts of tourmaline, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 30Ultrasonic 80 parts of the liquid of 5 parts of alkanol, 5 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 5 parts of chitosan, ligustrum lucidum ait blade, 500 parts of water, EC values 0.6, acid-base value pH valueIt is adjusted to 7.0；The ultrasonic liquid of the ligustrum lucidum ait blade is made up of following methods：Ligustrum lucidum ait blade is crushed, 5g/L lifes are addedThing SOD enzymes, by ultrasonic continuous stream biomixer, supersonic frequency 1KHz, power 800W, flow is suspension per hour10Kg, ultrasonically treated 60min resulting solutions；
Step (C), seed soaking：In seed agitator, alfalfa seed is put into, cmc soln is sprayed while stirringAnd alfalfa seed moistening is continued stirring until, and add after the rhizobium melioti for accounting for alfalfa seed quality 1% and continue to stir, it is equal to carrying disease germsCmc soln is added after even and continues stirring, nutrient solution is added and produces alfalfa seed to stirring；WillSeed is with nutrient solution according to 100:The weight of (35-55) is than being soaked seed, ultrasonically treated 10 minutes.
The step 2 consolidation, specifically includes following steps：
Step a, laying water carrying services；At the field edge 20m that kind of alfalfa is treated apart from every mu, a cone is dug bigHole, depth is 5m, with the native padded 15cm in ground by dell surrounding dug out；Catchmenting for a diameter of 1.5m is dug in middle part in holeWell, depth untill reaching underground water, the remainder in hole pad successively from high to low upper original soil layer, fine sand layer, Flyash Layer andGravel layer；3 charge for remittance ditches are set respectively at the two ends in the field of kind of clover, and connected respectively by water pipe with a pumped well,Dig out one wide 30 centimetres in the side of each high field back of the body sun, deep 20 centimetres water storage ditch is close to water storage ditch and places 3 water storagesGroove, each aqua storage tank is connected with described charge for remittance ditch, and a water outlet towards water storage ditch is set every 2 meters on each aqua storage tankMouthful；Hidden pipe is buried in field, and hidden pipe is connected with delivery port, hidden pipe diameter 5cm, and hidden pipe perisporium sets water seepage hole；2 meters of hidden pipe spacing,1 meter of buried depth, 20 meters of length；The aqua storage tank is prepared from using carbon/composite material of silicon carbide, the aqua storage tank inner surface coatingThere is water-impervious coating；Aqua storage tank is located at 1 meter of field side；
Plantation field is separated into wide 1.5 meters of plantation row with hollow brick, hollow brick builds high 10 centimetres, wide 5 centimetres, Ran HouPlaced angle is that water jet is provided with 10 ° of tooth form pipeline, tooth peak on hollow brick；Spray irrigation system includes being arranged on taking out on water sourceWater pump, suction pump is connected with main system closure gate valve, and main system closure gate valve is communicated with supervisor, and one end of supervisor is connected with principal seriesSystem closure gate valve, the other end of supervisor is connected with magnetic valve, and magnetic valve is by controller control, and magnetic valve is connected with pressure regulationDevice, pressure regulator has been used in conjunction on several branch pipes, branch pipe and has been provided with shower nozzle；Shower nozzle is rotating sprinkler, and the range of shower nozzle isThe distance between two neighboring shower nozzle is 5m on 1m, every branch pipe, and the distance between two neighboring branch pipe is 5m；
Step b, soil turn over whole；And be that 4kg/ mus of 5% Furadan, mass concentration are that 80% fenaminosulf is wettable with mass concentrationProperty pulvis 2kg/ even spread fertilizer over the fields per mu carried out disinfection in soil, the deep ploughing 50cm in plantation row, and soil is in small, broken bits uniform；ExcavateWide 15 centimetres, deep 35 centimetres kind planting ditch, line-spacing 15cm, laying 5cm gravel layers, 1cm are thin successively from down to up in kind of planting ditchThe original soil layer of layer of sand, 15cm composite soil and 14cm；The composite soil be take the process taken uniform soil in small, broken bits withNutrient solution is according to 5：1 weight ratio is mixed to get, and composite soil forms plantation layer with original soil layer；Rib is played on plantation layer, soilThe difference in height of setting row ditch between ridge, rib and row ditch is to plant alfalfa seed on 15cm, rib；
Step c, basal dressing, the basal dressing time, dose was every mu of 10kg, the raw material group of the base manure 10 days before deep ploughingPart and weight proportion be, 30 parts of urea, 20 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 20 parts of potassium oxide, stalk erosion 50Part, 1 part of sodium selenite, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of calcium chloride, 5 parts of KI, 20 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of cellulose-decomposing bacterium, nitrification1 part of bacterium, 3 parts of actinomyces, 7 parts of phosphobacteria；The stalk erosion includes：10 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of pig manure, 5 parts of humic bacterium, jade100 parts of stalk of rice, 1 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 5 parts of paclobutrazol, 50 parts of vinasse.
The material component and weight proportion of nutrient solution are in the step b, 30 parts of cow dung, excessively 10 parts of industrial flyash, phosphorusSour 8 parts of calcium, 1 part of peafowl faeces of fermentation, 30 parts of soybean stalk powder, 1 part of montmorillonite, 5 parts of kaolin are 5 parts of turfy soil, 1 part of vermiculite, swollen1 part of profit soil, 10 parts of peat, 10 parts of aluminium chloride, 10 parts of calcium phosphate, 5 parts of ammonium tartrate, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, fine jadeThe content of humic acid is more than 85% in 1 part of fat, 20 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of sodium chloride, 1% sodium molybdate solution 15mL, the peat.
Sowing in the step 3, including spring sowing and planted in fall, the sowing include drilling, bunch planting and pointBroadcast.
Spring sowing, the sowing time, the middle ten days below the moon no more than 4 at the latest, continuous 7d was minimum for by the end of February to early AprilTemperature can be sowed higher than 10 DEG C；Alfalfa application rate is 1.0kg/ mus, and clover depth of planting carries out suppression 1 in 3cm after broadcastingSecondary, sown scope 4m, alfalfa line-spacing is 50cm, hill spacing 30cm.
The planted in fall, the sowing time is mid-July to mid-August, and at the latest no more than late August, continuous 7d is minimumTemperature can not then be sowed less than 10 DEG C, and application rate is 1.0kg/ mus, after planting covers fine earth 1cm, line-spacing 50cm, clover depth of plantingIn 3cm, sown scope 4m, hill spacing 20cm, after planting, suppress 2 times.
The step 4 field management, specifically includes following steps：
Step I, in seedling management：Seedling of alfalfa is not irrigated in cotyledon period, more than 1 year clover breeding time Fertigation, oftenStubble applies 4kg/ mus of 7kg/ mus of urea and potassium-ammonium phosphate in 3 days after harvesting with water droplet；Growth period irrigates 5 times altogether, each mu irrigation quantity60m3；Covered after irrigating 150mL with preservative film, preservative film covering growth 5 days takes preservative film off after emerging；
Step II, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Disease control is based on downy mildew, brown spot, and pest control object has leaf weevil, JiHorse, aphid；In downy mildew early stage, from 70% Zineb wettable powder, 300 times of liquid, or 80% Mancozeb wettable200 times of liquid of pulvis, or 80% general 400 times of liquid of aqua of making every effort to overcome are sprayed or spray 1 in plant early stage:100 Bordeaux mixture,Or 70% Sandofan wettable powder, 300 times of liquid, 60% 1200 times of iprodione wettable powder liquid, it is spaced 5 days and sprays 1 time, evenIt is continuous to prevent and treat 4 times；In brown spot early stage, from 60% carbendazol wettable powder, 200 times of liquid, or 75% thiophanate methyl can300 times of liquid of WP, or 80% Bravo wettable powder, 400 times of liquid are sprayed；The preventing and treating of thrips is that occur in thripsIt is initial stage, safe from 8% r, 800 times of liquid, or 8% imidacloprid wettable powder, 800 times of liquid, or 35% Acker5000 times of liquid of water dispersible granules, or in the morning or dusk thrips activity peak period sprayed or with 50% 300 times of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrateLiquid or the spraying preventing and treating of 60% Folithion missible oil；The preventing and treating of leaf weevil is opposed using wooden dipper first, sprays 45g/ mus；The preventing and treating of aphid be inPhase occurs for aphid, from 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, or 25% Acker, 5000 times of liquid of safe water dispersible granules, or4.5% 800 times of r liquid, or 60% Aphox wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, carry out cauline leaf spraying, or makeWith 30% Nitenpyram and 50% pymetrozine mixture 5g, add water 40kg, every mu of sprinkling 30kg；
Step III, fertilizing management：Apply fertilizer in two times, when being that clover turns green for the first time, fertilizer of turning green is applied to alfalfa grasslandsWith microbe additive according to 10：1 weight than mixture；It is after clover cradles, to apply and cradle to alfalfa grasslands for the second timeTopdress with microbe additive according to 15：1 weight than mixture；The consumption of the fertilising is 3000kg/hm2；
Wherein, the material component of described fertilizer of turning green is with weight proportion, 30 parts of gibberellin, 1 part of animal/vegetable protein glue,10 parts of the basic element of cell division, 50 parts of calcium chloride, 30 parts of urea；1 part of cupric sulfate pentahydrate；10 parts of white vitriol；10 parts of boric acid；
Described cradle topdresses material component and weight proportion is, 40 parts of abscisic acid, 5 parts of animal/vegetable protein glue, fulvic acid100 parts of potassium, 50 parts of MAP, 1 part of montmorillonite, 5 parts of illite, 5 parts of kaolinite, 50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 20 parts of double superhosphate,15 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of calcium chloride, 5 parts of chelated zinc, 1 part of polypeptide, 1 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate sodium salt, 1 part of thiocarbamide, 1 part of polyoxin, spring thunder2 parts of mycin, 20 parts of plant ash, 0.5 part of potassium selenate；
The material component and weight proportion of microbe additive, 10 parts of peat, 30 parts of edible fungi residues, 30 parts of maize straw,100 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of pig manure, 150 parts of water, 1 part of diatomite, 25 parts of microorganism, described microorganism is nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria,Potassium solubilizing bacteria, ammonia oxidation bacteria or nitrite-oxidizing bacterium.
The step 5 is irrigated, including drip irrigation and spray irrigation；
The drip irrigation arranges that the irrigation method of shallow embedding formula drip irrigation is branch pipe rotation flow, and branch pipe is used using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation zonePE90 flexible pipes；Irrigated using small water, many frequencys and batch (-type) drip irrigation, selection flow 0.5m3/ h, implements batch (-type) drip irrigation, dropAfter irrigating 1 hour, stop filling 0.5 hour, initial bloom stage drip irrigation of the first batch of branching stage of clover to before cradling is irrigated 8 times, between the timeEvery 4 days, single drip irrigation quota 8m3/ mu；Second batch initial bloom stage drip irrigation irrigates 15 to before cradling with the 3rd batch of alfalfa growing branching stageIt is secondary, time interval 1 day, irrigation norm 12m3/ mu；
The sprinkling irrigation, including seedling stage sprinkling irrigation；Spray 2 times within every 3 days, the time of sprinkling irrigation starts at 10 points in the morning, continuous spray 3 is smallWhen, each irrigation volume is 23 cubic metres/hectare；The sprinkling irrigation also includes cut issue and sprayed；The cut issue sprinkling irrigation, sprays for every 10 daysFill 1 time, the time of sprinkling irrigation, continuous spray 3 hours, each irrigation volume was 35 cubic metres/hectare to start at 4 points in afternoon.
The step 6 is cradled, and specifically includes following steps：
Step (d) is gathered in pregnant flower bud phase to initial bloom stage, is come into bloom in clover, is gathered in when flowering rate is up to 10%It is advisable, specifically gathers in the time：First batch of clover gathers in the time in mid or late May, and with backsight water and fertilizer condition, one was cradled every 30 daysIt is secondary, 3 batches can be cradled every year；
Step (e) toothing, when cradling, upper soll layer should be dried, and the mowing height for the stubble left should be controlled in 5cm, at lastSecondary that growth period of 30 days is stayed when cradling, last batch of height for the stubble left control is in 10cm；
Step (f) bundling；
In the step 6, include the harvest of seed, the harvesting approach of the seed is one batch of grass, one batch of seed, orTwo batches of grass of person, one batch of seed.
Bee pollination technology, the preferred shallow buried type internally-inlaid drip irrigation zone of irrigation are preferably used before seed harvest.
Embodiment 2
A kind of production method of Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa seed, methods described comprises the following steps：
Step 1: seed treatment；
Step 2: consolidation；
Step 3: sowing；
Step 4: field management；
Step 5: irrigating；
Step 6: cradling.
Step one seed treatment, specifically includes following steps：
Step (A), Seeds preprocess：Select full, free from insect pests, without the alfalfa seed gone mouldy, to alfalfa kindThe time that son is irradiated using the gamma ray of radio isotope protactinium is 1 hour, and transmitted intensity is Gr300, irradiation distanceFor 8m；At ambient temperature, alfalfa seed is soaked in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1% and sterilized15min, then 5min in the absolute ethyl alcohol that concentration is 90% is soaked in, rinsed 3 times with aqua sterilisa after taking-up, natural air drying；
It is prepared by step (B), seed nutritional liquid：The raw material components of the seed nutritional liquid are, 5 parts of Difenoconazole, talcum10 parts of powder, 40 parts of natto resin, 15 parts of ammonium molybdate, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 15 parts, 3 μm 15 parts of ol/L basic elements of cell division of copper sulphate, life5 parts of thing humic acid, 10 parts of urea, 3 parts of borax, 1 part of indolebutyric acid, 0.5 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 15 parts of montmorillonite, 5 parts of illite, height5 parts of ridge soil, 5 parts of muscovite, 6 parts of glass microballoon, 10 parts of sodium chloride, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of tourmaline, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 30The ultrasonic parts by weight of liquid 100 of 10 parts of alkanol, 10 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 8 parts of chitosan, ligustrum lucidum ait blade, 800 parts of water, EC values 0.6, acidBasicity pH value is adjusted to 7.0；The ultrasonic liquid of the ligustrum lucidum ait blade is made up of following methods：Ligustrum lucidum ait blade is crushed, plusEnter 8g/L biology SOD enzymes, by ultrasonic continuous stream biomixer, supersonic frequency 10KHz, power 1000W, suspension is per smallShi Liuliang is 10Kg, ultrasonically treated 100min resulting solutions；
Step (C), seed soaking：In seed agitator, alfalfa seed is put into, cmc soln is sprayed while stirringAnd alfalfa seed moistening is continued stirring until, and add after the rhizobium melioti for accounting for alfalfa seed quality 1% and continue to stir, it is equal to carrying disease germsCmc soln is added after even and continues stirring, nutrient solution is added and produces alfalfa seed to stirring；WillSeed is with nutrient solution according to 100:55 weight is than being soaked seed, ultrasonically treated 15 minutes.
The step 2 consolidation, specifically includes following steps：
Step a, laying water carrying services；At the field edge 50m that kind of alfalfa is treated apart from every mu, a cone is dug bigHole, depth is 10m, with the native padded 20cm in ground by dell surrounding dug out；Catchmenting for a diameter of 2m is dug in middle part in holeWell, depth untill reaching underground water, the remainder in hole pad successively from high to low upper original soil layer, fine sand layer, Flyash Layer andGravel layer；5 charge for remittance ditches are set respectively at the two ends in the field of kind of clover, and connected respectively by water pipe with a pumped well,Dig out one wide 40 centimetres in the side of each high field back of the body sun, deep 30 centimetres water storage ditch is close to water storage ditch and places 4 water storagesGroove, each aqua storage tank is connected with described charge for remittance ditch, and a water outlet towards water storage ditch is set every 3 meters on each aqua storage tankMouthful；Hidden pipe is buried in field, and hidden pipe is connected with delivery port, hidden pipe diameter 8cm, and hidden pipe perisporium sets water seepage hole；3 meters of hidden pipe spacing,1 meter of buried depth, 25 meters of length；The aqua storage tank is prepared from using carbon/composite material of silicon carbide, the aqua storage tank inner surface coatingThere is water-impervious coating；Aqua storage tank is located at 2 meters of field side；
Plantation field is separated into wide 2.5 meters of plantation row with hollow brick, hollow brick builds high 15 centimetres, wide 7 centimetres, Ran HouPlaced angle is that water jet is provided with 15 ° of tooth form pipeline, tooth peak on hollow brick；Spray irrigation system includes being arranged on taking out on water sourceWater pump, suction pump is connected with main system closure gate valve, and main system closure gate valve is communicated with supervisor, and one end of supervisor is connected with principal seriesSystem closure gate valve, the other end of supervisor is connected with magnetic valve, and magnetic valve is by controller control, and magnetic valve is connected with pressure regulationDevice, pressure regulator has been used in conjunction on several branch pipes, branch pipe and has been provided with shower nozzle；Shower nozzle is rotating sprinkler, and the range of shower nozzle isThe distance between two neighboring shower nozzle is 8m on 5m, every branch pipe, and the distance between two neighboring branch pipe is 8m；
Step b, soil turn over whole；And be that 5kg/ mus of 5% Furadan, mass concentration are that 80% fenaminosulf is wettable with mass concentrationProperty pulvis 3kg/ even spread fertilizer over the fields per mu carried out disinfection in soil, the deep ploughing 60cm in plantation row, and soil is in small, broken bits uniform；ExcavateWide 30 centimetres, deep 55 centimetres kind planting ditch, line-spacing 25cm, laying 10cm gravel layers, 5cm are thin successively from down to up in kind of planting ditchLayer of sand 20cm composite soil and 20cm original soil layer；The composite soil is to take the process taken uniform soil in small, broken bits and battalionNutrient solution is according to 10：3 weight ratio is mixed to get, and composite soil forms plantation layer with original soil layer；Rib, rib are played on plantation layerBetween row ditch is set, the difference in height of rib and row ditch is to plant alfalfa seed on 20cm, rib；
Step c, basal dressing, the basal dressing time, dose was every mu of 35kg, the raw material group of the base manure 15 days before deep ploughingPart and weight proportion be, 50 parts of urea, 30 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 15 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 25 parts of potassium oxide, stalk erosion 80Part, 5 parts of sodium selenite, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of calcium chloride, 15 parts of KI, 30 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of cellulose-decomposing bacterium, nitreChange 5 parts of bacterium, 8 parts of actinomyces, 10 parts of phosphobacteria；The stalk erosion includes：20 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of pig manure, humic bacterium 10Part, 100 parts of maize straw, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 10 parts of paclobutrazol, 60 parts of vinasse.
The material component and weight proportion of nutrient solution are in the step b, 60 parts of cow dung, excessively 20 parts of industrial flyash, phosphorusSour 10 parts of calcium, 10 parts of peafowl faeces of fermentation, 50 parts of soybean stalk powder, 6 parts of montmorillonite, 10 parts of kaolin, 10 parts of turfy soil, vermiculite 5Part, 5 parts of bentonite, 12 parts of peat, 15 parts of aluminium chloride, 15 parts of calcium phosphate, 8 parts of ammonium tartrate, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate10 parts, 5 parts of agar, 25 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of sodium chloride, 1% sodium molybdate solution 20mL, the content of humic acid is in the peatMore than 85%.
Sowing in the step 3, including spring sowing and planted in fall, the sowing include drilling, bunch planting and pointBroadcast.
Spring sowing, the sowing time, the middle ten days below the moon no more than 4 at the latest, continuous 7d was minimum for by the end of February to early AprilTemperature can be sowed higher than 10 DEG C；Alfalfa application rate is 0.5kg/ mus, and clover depth of planting carries out suppression 1 in 2cm after broadcastingSecondary, sown scope 5m, alfalfa line-spacing is 70cm, hill spacing 45cm.
The planted in fall, the sowing time is mid-July to mid-August, and at the latest no more than late August, continuous 7d is minimumTemperature can not then be sowed less than 10 DEG C, and application rate is 0.5kg/ mus, after planting covers fine earth 2cm, line-spacing 70cm, clover depth of plantingIn 3cm, hill spacing 25cm, sown scope 5m, after planting, suppress 2 times.
The step 4 field management, specifically includes following steps：
Step I, in seedling management：Seedling of alfalfa is not irrigated in cotyledon period, more than 1 year clover breeding time Fertigation, oftenStubble applies 5kg/ mus of 8kg/ mus of urea and potassium-ammonium phosphate in 5 days after harvesting with water droplet；Growth period irrigates 5 times altogether, each mu irrigation quantity80m3；Covered after irrigating 150mL with preservative film, preservative film covering growth 8 days takes preservative film off after emerging；
Step II, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Disease control is based on downy mildew, brown spot, and pest control object has leaf weevil, JiHorse, aphid；In downy mildew early stage, from 70% Zineb wettable powder, 350 times of liquid, or 80% Mancozeb wettable350 times of liquid of pulvis, or 80% general 500 times of liquid of aqua of making every effort to overcome are sprayed or spray 1 in plant early stage:100 Bordeaux mixture,Or 70% Sandofan wettable powder, 400 times of liquid, 60% 1400 times of iprodione wettable powder liquid, it is spaced 8 days and sprays 1 time, evenIt is continuous to prevent and treat 4 times；In brown spot early stage, from 60% carbendazol wettable powder, 400 times of liquid, or 75% thiophanate methyl can500 times of liquid of WP, or 80% Bravo wettable powder, 500 times of liquid are sprayed；The preventing and treating of thrips is that occur in thripsIt is initial stage, safe from 8% r, 900 times of liquid, or 8% imidacloprid wettable powder, 900 times of liquid, or 35% Acker6000 times of liquid of water dispersible granules, or in the morning or dusk thrips activity peak period sprayed or with 50% 400 times of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrateLiquid or the spraying preventing and treating of 60% Folithion missible oil；The preventing and treating of leaf weevil is opposed using wooden dipper first, sprays 55g/ mus；The preventing and treating of aphid be inPhase occurs for aphid, from 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, or 25% Acker, 6000 times of liquid of safe water dispersible granules, or4.5% 1000 times of r liquid, or 60% Aphox wettable powder, 2500 times of liquid, carry out cauline leaf spraying, orUsing 30% Nitenpyram and 50% pymetrozine mixture 10g, add water 50kg, every mu of sprinkling 35kg；
Step III, fertilizing management：Apply fertilizer in two times, when being that clover turns green for the first time, fertilizer of turning green is applied to alfalfa grasslandsWith microbe additive according to 10：5 weight than mixture；It is after clover cradles, to apply and cradle to alfalfa grasslands for the second timeTopdress with microbe additive according to 15：5 weight than mixture；The consumption of the fertilising is 3500kg/hm2；
Wherein, the material component of described fertilizer of turning green is with weight proportion, 50 parts of gibberellin, 5 parts of animal/vegetable protein glue,15 parts of the basic element of cell division, 100 parts of calcium chloride, 40 parts of urea；5 parts of cupric sulfate pentahydrate；15 parts of white vitriol；35 parts of boric acid；
Described cradle topdresses material component and weight proportion is, 60 parts of abscisic acid, 8 parts of animal/vegetable protein glue, fulvic acid150 parts of potassium, 100 parts of MAP, 5 parts of montmorillonite, 10 parts of illite, 10 parts of kaolinite, 80 parts of ammonium nitrate, double superhosphate 25Part, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of calcium chloride, 8 parts of chelated zinc, 3 parts of polypeptide, 3 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate sodium salt, 3 parts of thiocarbamide, 5 parts of polyoxin,5 parts of kasugarnycin, 30 parts of plant ash, 1 part of potassium selenate；
The material component and weight proportion of microbe additive, 20 parts of peat, 50 parts of edible fungi residues, 50 parts of maize straw,150 parts of chicken manure, 50 parts of pig manure, 200 parts of water, 5 parts of diatomite, 35 parts of microorganism, described microorganism are nitrite-oxidizing bacterium.
The step 5 is irrigated, including drip irrigation and spray irrigation；
The drip irrigation arranges that the irrigation method of shallow embedding formula drip irrigation is branch pipe rotation flow, and branch pipe is used using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation zonePE90 flexible pipes；Irrigated using small water, many frequencys and batch (-type) drip irrigation, selection flow 1m3/ h, implements batch (-type) drip irrigation, drip irrigationAfter irrigating 2 hours, stop filling 2 hours, initial bloom stage drip irrigation of the first batch of branching stage of clover to before cradling is irrigated 12 times, time interval 6My god, single drip irrigation quota 10m3/ mu；Second batch initial bloom stage drip irrigation irrigates 20 to before cradling with the 3rd batch of alfalfa growing branching stageIt is secondary, time interval 3 days, irrigation norm 15m3/ mu；
The sprinkling irrigation, including seedling stage sprinkling irrigation；Spray 2 times within every 4 days, the time of sprinkling irrigation starts at 11 points in the morning, continuous spray 5 is smallWhen, each irrigation volume is 25 cubic metres/hectare；The sprinkling irrigation also includes cut issue and sprayed；The cut issue sprinkling irrigation, sprays for every 10 daysFill 1 time, the time of sprinkling irrigation, continuous spray 5 hours, each irrigation volume was 37 cubic metres/hectare to start at 4 points in afternoon.
The step 6 is cradled, and specifically includes following steps：
Step (d) is gathered in pregnant flower bud phase to initial bloom stage, is come into bloom in clover, is gathered in when flowering rate is up to 30%It is advisable, specifically gathers in the time：First batch of clover gathers in the time in mid or late May, and with backsight water and fertilizer condition, one was cradled every 40 daysIt is secondary, 4 batches can be cradled every year；
Step (e) toothing, when cradling, upper soll layer should be dried, and the mowing height for the stubble left should be controlled in 8cm, at lastSecondary that growth period of 30 days is stayed when cradling, last batch of height for the stubble left control is in 15cm；
Step (f) bundling；
In the step 6, include the harvest of seed, the harvesting approach of the seed is one batch of grass, one batch of seed, orTwo batches of grass of person, one batch of seed.
The also management in the field including alfalfa seed, wherein, the seed-breeding field, 7.5 kilograms of per hectare, application rate 0.25-0.1Kilogram every mu.Seed-breeding field is unicast, bunch planting or broad line seeding, 50 centimetres of line-spacing, 50-70 centimetres of hill spacing.2 plants of seedling is stayed per cave.
1 hectare of clover is planted, is cradled from plantation to first batch of fresh grass：Seedling stage water consumption is 95 cubic metres/hectare, growth periodWater consumption is 250 cubic metres/hectare, and cut issue water consumption is 45 cubic metres/hectare, is always economized on water relative to conventional irrigation methodMeasure as more than 70%.
The growth indexes of clover see the table below
Finally it should be noted that：Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate the application example, and simultaneouslyThe non-restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, it can also do on the basis of the above descriptionGo out other various forms of changes or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And thus drawnAmong the obvious changes or variations that Shen goes out is still in the protection domain of the application type.