技术领域technical field
本发明涉及土壤养分检测技术领域，具体是一种基于光谱技术的便携式土壤养分检测装置。The invention relates to the technical field of soil nutrient detection, in particular to a portable soil nutrient detection device based on spectrum technology.
背景技术Background technique
土壤养分测定在精准农业和测土配方施肥中具有重要地位，国内外学者一直致力于其快速实时测定方法的研究。然而，目前土壤养分的测量主要是采用传统的化学测试，该方法费时、费力、成本高且难以实现土壤实时测量。由于土壤养分是化学物质，迄今尚无一种能直接检测出这些物质的传感器，这使得土壤养分高精度实时测定成为难题，并成为近年研究和关注的热点。可见/近红外光谱分析技术因其快速、简便、低成本、破坏性小和多组分同时测定等优点受到人们的青睐。Soil nutrient determination plays an important role in precision agriculture and soil testing and formula fertilization. Scholars at home and abroad have been committed to the research of its rapid and real-time determination method. However, the current measurement of soil nutrients mainly adopts traditional chemical tests, which are time-consuming, laborious, costly and difficult to achieve real-time measurement of soil. Since soil nutrients are chemical substances, so far there is no sensor that can directly detect these substances, which makes the high-precision real-time measurement of soil nutrients a difficult problem, and has become a research and attention focus in recent years. Visible/near-infrared spectroscopy is favored by people because of its advantages of fast, simple, low cost, less destructive and simultaneous determination of multiple components.
可见/近红外光谱分析技术是光谱学、化学计量学和计算机科学等多学科知识的一种现代分析技术。相对于传统的化学分析技术，可见/近红外光谱分析技术能够在较短的时间内获取待测样品中多种成分的含量，可以一次光谱采集，多种成分同时测量；同时无需对样品作任何预处理或作简单处理，可实现无损检测；无需化学试剂，对环境不会造成二次污染。因此，可见/近红外光谱分析技术是一种快速、无损、无污染的分析技术，具有能够定量反演被检测对象物理性质和组分含量的潜力，在很多领域得到广泛应用，将其应用于土壤养分检测领域具有重要意义。Visible/near-infrared spectroscopy is a modern analytical technique based on multidisciplinary knowledge such as spectroscopy, chemometrics, and computer science. Compared with the traditional chemical analysis technology, the visible/near-infrared spectral analysis technology can obtain the contents of multiple components in the sample to be tested in a relatively short period of time, and can measure multiple components at the same time with one spectrum acquisition; Pretreatment or simple treatment can realize non-destructive testing; no chemical reagents are needed, and no secondary pollution will be caused to the environment. Therefore, visible/near-infrared spectral analysis technology is a fast, non-destructive and non-polluting analysis technology, which has the potential to quantitatively invert the physical properties and component contents of the detected object, and has been widely used in many fields. The field of soil nutrient detection is of great significance.
目前，可见/近红外光谱土壤养分的研究主要是在实验室利用大型的傅里叶变化光谱仪进行的。然而，田间土壤光谱的测量对于土壤检测来说意义更大。田间土壤光谱的测量受到光谱仪器的限制。公开号为CN101408502A的发明专利申请公开了一种便携式植物土壤养分快速测定仪，实现了植物和土壤养分信息的非接触光谱测量和快速计算。但该测定仪波段覆盖范围仅为350nm～1050nm。美国ASD公司的便携式地物谱仪能够覆盖近红外全波段（350nm～2500nm）。该仪器近红外波段采用光栅扫描方式进行分光，成本过高限制了其应用。At present, the research on visible/near-infrared spectrum soil nutrients is mainly carried out in the laboratory using large-scale Fourier transform spectrometers. However, the measurement of field soil spectra is more meaningful for soil testing. The measurement of field soil spectra is limited by spectroscopic instruments. The invention patent application with the publication number CN101408502A discloses a portable plant soil nutrient rapid measuring instrument, which realizes non-contact spectral measurement and fast calculation of plant and soil nutrient information. But the measuring instrument band coverage is only 350nm ~ 1050nm. The portable ground object spectrometer of American ASD Company can cover the whole near-infrared band (350nm～2500nm). The near-infrared band of the instrument adopts a raster scanning method for spectroscopic analysis, but the high cost limits its application.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于光谱技术的便携式土壤养分检测装置，对土壤养分进行原位、快速检测。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a portable soil nutrient detection device based on spectrum technology, which can detect soil nutrient in situ and quickly.
本发明的技术方案为：Technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种基于光谱技术的便携式土壤养分检测装置，该装置包括测量探头、微处理器、光谱采集单元、驱动单元、电源和平板电脑，所述测量探头包括探头本体、设置在探头本体内的光源、准直透镜、光学快门、参比物质、步进电机和聚焦透镜、开设在探头本体底部且位于光源正下方的窗口以及嵌在窗口上的窗片；A portable soil nutrient detection device based on spectral technology, the device includes a measuring probe, a microprocessor, a spectrum acquisition unit, a drive unit, a power supply and a tablet computer, and the measuring probe includes a probe body, a light source arranged in the probe body, Collimating lens, optical shutter, reference substance, stepping motor and focusing lens, a window set at the bottom of the probe body and directly below the light source, and a window embedded in the window;
所述微处理器、光谱采集单元、驱动单元和电源均设置在机箱内，所述光谱采集单元包括波长范围为350nm～1000nm的第一微型光谱仪、波长范围为900nm～2000nm的第二微型光谱仪和波长范围为1700nm～2500nm的第三微型光谱仪，所述驱动单元包括光源驱动模块、光学快门驱动模块和步进电机驱动模块；The microprocessor, the spectrum acquisition unit, the drive unit and the power supply are all arranged in the case, and the spectrum acquisition unit includes a first micro-spectrometer with a wavelength range of 350nm-1000nm, a second micro-spectrometer with a wavelength range of 900nm-2000nm and A third micro-spectrometer with a wavelength range of 1700nm to 2500nm, the driving unit includes a light source driving module, an optical shutter driving module and a stepping motor driving module;
所述第二微型光谱仪和第三微型光谱仪均采用MEMS傅里叶变换红外光谱仪, 所述MEMS傅里叶变换红外光谱仪采用迈克逊干涉仪分光并以单点铟镓砷作为探测器，所述迈克逊干涉仪所用光学元件运用MEMS技术刻蚀于一块硅片上，所述探测器集成有TEC制冷片；Both the second micro-spectrometer and the third micro-spectrometer adopt a MEMS Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and the MEMS Fourier transform infrared spectrometer adopts a Michelson interferometer to split light and uses a single-point indium gallium arsenic as a detector. The Mike The optical components used in the interferometer are etched on a silicon chip using MEMS technology, and the detector is integrated with a TEC cooling chip;
所述准直透镜和光学快门依次设置在光源正下方，所述准直透镜用于对光源发出的光进行准直，所述光学快门用于测量暗电流时遮挡光源发出的光进入光谱采集单元；所述参比物质紧贴探头本体底部设置，所述步进电机用于测量参比物质光谱时驱动参比物质至光源正下方以及测量完成后驱动参比物质退回原位；The collimating lens and the optical shutter are sequentially arranged directly under the light source, the collimating lens is used to collimate the light emitted by the light source, and the optical shutter is used to block the light emitted by the light source from entering the spectrum acquisition unit when measuring dark current The reference substance is arranged close to the bottom of the probe body, and the stepper motor is used to drive the reference substance to the right below the light source when measuring the spectrum of the reference substance and to drive the reference substance back to its original position after the measurement is completed;
所述聚焦透镜用于收集土壤样品的漫反射光并通过收集光纤输入光谱采集单元，所述光谱采集单元的输出端与微处理器的输入端连接，所述微处理器的输出端通过驱动单元分别与光源、光学快门和步进电机的输入端连接，所述微处理器与平板电脑交互式连接。The focusing lens is used to collect the diffuse reflection light of the soil sample and input it into the spectrum acquisition unit through the collection optical fiber, the output end of the spectrum acquisition unit is connected with the input end of the microprocessor, and the output end of the microprocessor passes through the driving unit They are respectively connected with the input ends of the light source, the optical shutter and the stepping motor, and the microprocessor is interactively connected with the tablet computer.
所述的基于光谱技术的便携式土壤养分检测装置，所述电源采用12V锂离子充电电池。In the portable soil nutrient detection device based on spectrum technology, the power supply adopts a 12V lithium-ion rechargeable battery.
所述的基于光谱技术的便携式土壤养分检测装置，所述光学快门位于光源正下方5cm处。In the portable soil nutrient detection device based on spectral technology, the optical shutter is located 5cm directly below the light source.
所述的基于光谱技术的便携式土壤养分检测装置，所述收集光纤包括第一光纤和设置在机箱内的第二光纤，所述第二光纤为一分三光纤，所述第一光纤的一端与设置在探头本体内且位于聚焦透镜后端的SAM接头连接，另一端通过设置在机箱内的SAM结合套管与第二光纤的一分端连接，所述第二光纤的三分端与第一微型光谱仪、第二微型光谱仪和第三微型光谱仪一一对应连接。In the portable soil nutrient detection device based on spectral technology, the collecting optical fiber includes a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber arranged in the cabinet, the second optical fiber is a one-to-three optical fiber, and one end of the first optical fiber is connected to the The SAM joint arranged in the probe body and located at the rear end of the focusing lens is connected, and the other end is connected to the one end of the second optical fiber through the SAM coupling sleeve arranged in the chassis, and the third end of the second optical fiber is connected to the first miniature The spectrometer, the second micro-spectrometer and the third micro-spectrometer are connected in one-to-one correspondence.
所述的基于光谱技术的便携式土壤养分检测装置，所述参比物质为PTFE。In the portable soil nutrient detection device based on spectral technology, the reference material is PTFE.
所述的基于光谱技术的便携式土壤养分检测装置，所述微处理器与平板电脑通过无线通讯模块或接口电路连接，所述接口电路设置在机箱内，包括USB3.0和RS232。In the portable soil nutrient detection device based on spectrum technology, the microprocessor is connected to the tablet computer through a wireless communication module or an interface circuit, and the interface circuit is arranged in the case, including USB3.0 and RS232.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
由上述技术方案可知，本发明有效结合三个微型光谱仪，波长覆盖近红外全波段（350nm～2500nm）；测量探头集成有光学快门和参考物质，可以自动实时测量光谱仪暗电流和参考光谱，提高了装置抗击环境温度变化、光源波动以及其他元件变化影响的能力；采用MEMS技术的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪，降低了装置的成本，使其更适用于土壤应用；本发明的装置集成度高、体积小、重量轻、成本低，便于携带，操作方便，可实现对土壤养分的原位、快速检测。It can be seen from the above technical solution that the present invention effectively combines three micro-spectrometers, the wavelength covers the whole near-infrared band (350nm-2500nm); the measuring probe is integrated with an optical shutter and a reference material, which can automatically measure the dark current and reference spectrum of the spectrometer in real time, improving the The ability of the device to resist the influence of environmental temperature changes, light source fluctuations, and other component changes; the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer using MEMS technology reduces the cost of the device and makes it more suitable for soil applications; It is small, light in weight, low in cost, easy to carry, easy to operate, and can realize in-situ and rapid detection of soil nutrients.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意框图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic block diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明的测量探头的结构示意框图；Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the structure of the measuring probe of the present invention;
图3是本发明的测量探头的外形示意图；Fig. 3 is the outline schematic diagram of measuring probe of the present invention;
图4是本发明的测量探头的立体结构剖视图。Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the measuring probe of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例进一步说明本发明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，一种基于光谱技术的便携式土壤养分检测装置，包括测量探头1、微处理器2、光谱采集单元3、驱动单元4、接口电路5、电源6、机箱7、第一光纤8、第二光纤9、SAM结合套管10和平板电脑11。其中，微处理器2、光谱采样单元3、驱动单元4、接口电路5、电源6、第二光纤9和SAM结合套管10均设置在机箱7内。第二光纤9为一分三光纤，一分端纤芯为1000um，三分端纤芯均为400um。As shown in Figure 1, a portable soil nutrient detection device based on spectral technology includes a measuring probe 1, a microprocessor 2, a spectrum acquisition unit 3, a drive unit 4, an interface circuit 5, a power supply 6, a chassis 7, a first optical fiber 8. The second optical fiber 9, the SAM combination sleeve 10 and the tablet 11. Wherein, the microprocessor 2 , the spectral sampling unit 3 , the driving unit 4 , the interface circuit 5 , the power supply 6 , the second optical fiber 9 and the SAM coupling sleeve 10 are all arranged in the case 7 . The second optical fiber 9 is a one-point three-point fiber, the fiber core of the first branch end is 1000um, and the fiber core of the third branch end is 400um.
如图2～4所示，测量探头1为漫反射式，采用0/45发射采集方式。测量探头1包括探头本体1-0、光源1-1、准直透镜1-2、光学快门1-3、参比物质1-4、步进电机1-5、聚焦透镜1-6和SAM接头1-7。其中，光源1-1、准直透镜1-2、光学快门1-3、参比物质1-4、步进电机1-5、聚焦透镜1-6和SAM接头1-7均设置在探头本体1-0内，探头本体1-0底部位于光源1-1正下方处开设有一直径20mm的窗口1-8，窗口1-8内嵌有蓝宝石窗片。As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the measurement probe 1 is a diffuse reflection type, and adopts a 0/45 emission collection method. Measuring probe 1 includes probe body 1-0, light source 1-1, collimating lens 1-2, optical shutter 1-3, reference substance 1-4, stepping motor 1-5, focusing lens 1-6 and SAM connector 1-7. Among them, the light source 1-1, collimating lens 1-2, optical shutter 1-3, reference substance 1-4, stepping motor 1-5, focusing lens 1-6 and SAM connector 1-7 are all set on the probe body In 1-0, a window 1-8 with a diameter of 20 mm is opened at the bottom of the probe body 1-0 directly below the light source 1-1, and a sapphire window is embedded in the window 1-8.
探头本体1-0采用易散热铝合金材料制备，外形为圆柱形。光源1-1为末端集成有聚焦镜的小功率（6.25W）卤钨灯。准直透镜1-2用于对光源1-1发出的光进行准直。光学快门1-3位于光源1-1正下方5cm处，测量暗电流时，光学快门1-3开启，遮挡光源1-1发出的光进入光谱采集单元3。参比物质1-4为PTFE，紧贴探头本体1-0底部设置，用于参比物质漫反射光谱的测量。参比物质1-4由步进电机1-5驱动控制前进后退。测量参比物质漫反射光谱时，步进电机1-5驱动参比物质1-4至光源1-1正下方采集参比物质光谱，测量完成后参比物质1-4退回到原位。聚焦透镜1-6用于收集土壤样品0的漫反射光进入位于聚焦透镜1-6后端的SAM接头1-7进而通过第一光纤8和第二光纤9进入光谱采集单元3。The probe body 1-0 is made of aluminum alloy material which is easy to dissipate heat, and its shape is cylindrical. The light source 1-1 is a low-power (6.25W) halogen tungsten lamp integrated with a focusing lens at the end. The collimating lens 1-2 is used for collimating the light emitted by the light source 1-1. The optical shutter 1-3 is located 5 cm directly below the light source 1-1. When measuring the dark current, the optical shutter 1-3 is opened to block the light emitted by the light source 1-1 from entering the spectrum acquisition unit 3. The reference substance 1-4 is PTFE, which is arranged close to the bottom of the probe body 1-0, and is used for the measurement of the diffuse reflectance spectrum of the reference substance. The reference substances 1-4 are driven and controlled by stepping motors 1-5 to advance and retreat. When measuring the diffuse reflectance spectrum of the reference substance, the stepping motor 1-5 drives the reference substance 1-4 to directly below the light source 1-1 to collect the spectrum of the reference substance, and the reference substance 1-4 returns to its original position after the measurement is completed. The focusing lens 1-6 is used to collect the diffusely reflected light of the soil sample 0 into the SAM connector 1-7 located at the rear end of the focusing lens 1-6 and then enter the spectrum acquisition unit 3 through the first optical fiber 8 and the second optical fiber 9 .
光谱采集单元3包括第一微型光谱仪3-1、第二微型光谱仪3-2和第三微型光谱仪3-3，波长覆盖350nm～2500nm。其中，第一微型光谱仪3-1波长范围为350nm～1000nm，光学分辨率为3nm；第二微型光谱仪3-2波长范围为900nm～2000nm，光学分辨率为10nm；第三微型光谱仪3-3波长范围为1700～2500nm，光学分辨率为10nm。三个光谱仪均采用USB驱动。第一微型光谱仪3-1采用固定反射光栅分光，3648像元硅基线阵CCD作为探测器。第二微型光谱仪3-2和第三微型光谱仪3-3均采用MEMS傅里叶变换红外光谱仪，采用迈克逊干涉仪分光，迈克逊干涉仪所用光学元件运用MEMS技术刻蚀于一块硅片上，单点铟镓砷作为探测器，探测器集成有TEC制冷片。The spectrum acquisition unit 3 includes a first micro-spectrometer 3-1, a second micro-spectrometer 3-2 and a third micro-spectrometer 3-3, and the wavelength covers 350nm-2500nm. Among them, the wavelength range of the first miniature spectrometer 3-1 is 350nm～1000nm, and the optical resolution is 3nm; the wavelength range of the second miniature spectrometer 3-2 is 900nm～2000nm, the optical resolution is 10nm; the third miniature spectrometer 3-3 wavelength The range is 1700-2500nm, and the optical resolution is 10nm. All three spectrometers are powered by USB. The first micro-spectrometer 3-1 uses a fixed reflective grating to split light, and a 3648-pixel silicon-based linear array CCD is used as a detector. Both the second micro-spectrometer 3-2 and the third micro-spectrometer 3-3 use MEMS Fourier transform infrared spectrometers, and Michelson interferometers are used to split the light. The optical components used in Michelson interferometers are etched on a silicon wafer using MEMS technology. Single-point InGaAs is used as a detector, and the detector is integrated with a TEC cooling chip.
第一光纤8的一端与SAM接头1-7连接，另一端通过SAM结合套管10与第二光纤9的一分端连接，第二光纤9的三分端与第一微型光谱仪3-1、第二微型光谱仪3-2和第三微型光谱仪3-3一一对应连接。第一微型光谱仪3-1、第二微型光谱仪3-2和第三微型光谱仪3-3的输出端与微处理器2的输入端连接。One end of the first optical fiber 8 is connected with the SAM joint 1-7, and the other end is connected with a split end of the second optical fiber 9 by the SAM coupling sleeve 10, and the third split end of the second optical fiber 9 is connected with the first miniature spectrometer 3-1, The second miniature spectrometer 3-2 and the third miniature spectrometer 3-3 are connected in one-to-one correspondence. The output ends of the first micro spectrometer 3 - 1 , the second micro spectrometer 3 - 2 and the third micro spectrometer 3 - 3 are connected to the input end of the microprocessor 2 .
微处理器2用于整个装置的控制及数据处理。微处理器2的输出端通过驱动单元4分别与光源1-1、光学快门1-3和步进电机1-5的输入端连接。驱动单元4包括光源驱动模块4-1、光学快门驱动模块4-2和步进电机驱动模块4-3。其中，光源驱动模块4-1为恒定电流驱动，实现对光源1-1的控制；光学快门驱动模块4-2实现对光学快门1-3的控制；步进电机驱动模块4-3实现对步进电机1-5的控制。The microprocessor 2 is used for the control and data processing of the whole device. The output end of the microprocessor 2 is respectively connected with the input ends of the light source 1-1, the optical shutter 1-3 and the stepping motor 1-5 through the driving unit 4. The driving unit 4 includes a light source driving module 4-1, an optical shutter driving module 4-2 and a stepping motor driving module 4-3. Among them, the light source driving module 4-1 is driven by a constant current to realize the control of the light source 1-1; the optical shutter driving module 4-2 realizes the control of the optical shutter 1-3; the stepper motor driving module 4-3 realizes the control of the step Into the control of motor 1-5.
微处理器2与平板电脑11通过无线通讯模块或接口电路5交互式连接。接口电路5包括USB3.0和RS232。平板电脑11用于光谱采集参数设置、光谱数据显示。电源6为整个装置供电，采用12V锂离子充电电池，可持续工作8小时。本发明可实现对土壤pH、总氮、总磷、交换性钾、有机质等养分的测量。The microprocessor 2 is interactively connected with the tablet computer 11 through a wireless communication module or an interface circuit 5 . The interface circuit 5 includes USB3.0 and RS232. The tablet computer 11 is used for spectral acquisition parameter setting and spectral data display. The power supply 6 supplies power for the whole device, adopts a 12V lithium-ion rechargeable battery, and can work continuously for 8 hours. The invention can realize the measurement of soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, organic matter and other nutrients.
本发明的工作原理：Working principle of the present invention:
平板电脑11内置基于可见/近红外的土壤养分预测模型，可检测土壤pH、总氮、总磷、交换性钾、有机质等养分。本发明采用三个低成本微型光谱仪覆盖近红外全波段（350nm～2500nm）获取土壤近红外光谱。测量探头1内置的小功率卤素灯发出的光经准直透镜1-2准直后照射到土壤样品0表面，土壤样品0的漫反射光经聚焦透镜1-6收集后再通过第一光纤8和第二光纤9进入三个微型光谱仪，微型光谱仪将收集到的漫反射光经分光、探测、模数转换、放大后获得土壤样品0的可见/近红外光谱数据，经由USB线传输给微处理器2。微处理器2将获得的数据传输给平板电脑11，平板电脑11运用预测模型计算出土壤pH、总氮、总磷、交换性钾、有机质等养分的含量。Tablet 11 has a built-in visible/near-infrared based soil nutrient prediction model, which can detect soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, organic matter and other nutrients. The invention adopts three low-cost miniature spectrometers to cover the whole near-infrared band (350nm-2500nm) to acquire soil near-infrared spectrum. The light emitted by the low-power halogen lamp built in the measuring probe 1 is collimated by the collimating lens 1-2 and then irradiates the surface of the soil sample 0, and the diffuse reflection light of the soil sample 0 is collected by the focusing lens 1-6 and then passes through the first optical fiber 8 And the second optical fiber 9 enters three miniature spectrometers, and the miniature spectrometers obtain the visible/near-infrared spectrum data of the soil sample 0 after the diffuse reflection light collected is separated, detected, converted to analog and amplified, and then transmitted to the micro-processing through the USB line. Device 2. The microprocessor 2 transmits the obtained data to the tablet computer 11, and the tablet computer 11 calculates the contents of nutrients such as soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and organic matter by using a predictive model.
以上所述实施方式仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention. and improvements, all should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710115084.7ACN106950183A (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2017-02-28 | A kind of portable soil nutrient detection means based on spectral technique |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710115084.7ACN106950183A (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2017-02-28 | A kind of portable soil nutrient detection means based on spectral technique |
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| CN106950183Atrue CN106950183A (en) | 2017-07-14 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710115084.7APendingCN106950183A (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2017-02-28 | A kind of portable soil nutrient detection means based on spectral technique |
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| CN (1) | CN106950183A (en) |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20170714 |