A kind of buffer-type hip jointTechnical field
The present invention relates to human synovial displacement, more particularly to a kind of buffer-type hip joint.
Background technology
At present, existing artificial hip joint replacing prosthese is mostly unitary design, although it is with easily processed into type etc. excellentPoint, but if there is individual sites fracture such as neck fracture situation, its structure allomeric function will be caused to fail, this nothingDoubt and cause huge waste；Simultaneously as there is the defect for lacking pooling feature, thus application again in unitary design itselfIn its bear alternating force effect situation is poor, service life is shorter.Additionally, the replacement prosthesis of existing design is also present and peopleConnective stability is not high between body tissue, easily loosens, rotates and comes off；Biocompatibility is poor, is subject to repel anti-after implantationShould, the general character problem such as postoperation recovery effect on driving birds is not good.These problems are difficult to whole realizations by optimizing structure design merely.
Porous material has the characteristics such as relative density is low, specific strength is high, specific surface area is high, lightweight, good penetrability, is changingThe numerous areas such as work, medicine have a wide range of applications.In the porous material, multilevel hole material is due to its unique performance --- and it is sameWhen there is the advantage in holes at different levels, and there is the advantage not available for the material in single hole simultaneously, thus obtained increasingConcern.For example, the macropore (aperture ＞ 50nm) with three-dimensional order-mesoporous (2nm ＜ apertures ＜ 50nm)-micropore (holeFootpath ＜ 2nm) structure molecular sieve, combine multi-stage artery structure and molecular sieve both advantages nanocrystalline, impart moleculeThe more open three-dimensional open-framework of sieve, while nano molecular sieve crystal substantially reduces mass transfer path, is effectively improvedMaterialization activity of gained molecular sieve etc..
However, the loose structure for being used in prosthetic replacement's prosthese at present is mostly single Porous materials, and on from multistageThe report of Porous materials is even more extremely limited.This may in itself there is also along with hole mainly due to existing porous materialThe raising of rate, structural mechanics intensity can be remarkably decreased, therefore porosity is generally relatively low, and connectivity is relatively low, be unfavorable for human body groupThe efficient exchange of interior material is knitted, biocompatibility is not good, conducted oneself with dignity heavier, postoperative human feeling is not good；Additionally, to be applied toBiomimetic artificial bone needs material uniform in itself, i.e., pore size, hole are evenly distributed, to cause performance uniformity but realOn border, there are many multilevel hole materials not reach the requirement, its lack of uniformity；In spite of material call oneself reached it is higherUniformity, but its uniformity is still the uniformity under large volume yardstick, if carrying out measurement comparing with small size yardstick, such as is existedMaterial is taken up an official post and takes the said three-dimensional body that polylith volume is not more than a cubic centimetre, and its quality is surveyed respectively, and its degree of irregularity difference is stillVery big, the various performances for thus resulting in multilevel hole material are uneven, and such as pore size, space skewness result in mechanicsThe uneven distributions such as intensity, elastic modelling quantity, cause the defects such as hidden danger of quality, so as to have a strong impact on its function.Such asCN201210185031 discloses a kind of preparation method of the biomimetic artificial bone of multistage (micrometer/nanometer) pore structure, but adoptsThe three-dimensional multistage pore structure obtained with the method, randomness, scrambling due to its pore structure still can not meet bionicalThe functional requirement of artificial bone.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of buffer-type hip joint, its reasonable in design, connective stability and bio-compatibleProperty it is higher, postoperation recovery effect more preferably faster.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of buffer-type hip joint, it includes femoral stem and neck of femur, it is characterised in that：The femoral stem is split as near-endWith distal end two parts；L-shaped through hole is provided with the head of the near-end；The bottom of the neck of femur is plugged into the L-shaped through holeIt is interior；The bottom of the near-end is provided with endoporus, and cascaded surface is provided with the endoporus；The distal end is made of multilevel hole material, andConnecting rod is had additional on the head of distal end；The end of the connecting rod carries resilient barb；The connecting rod is plugged into describedKong Zhong, and resilient barb hook be stuck at the cascaded surface in endoporus；Connecting rod described in the interior boring ratio is long.
For further increase femoral stem proximally and distally between connective stability avoid loosen, and increase the two between buffering makeFirmly, above-mentioned buffer-type hip joint also has additional elastic device；Draw-in groove is had additional inside above-mentioned connecting rod；The elastic deviceCoordinate in the draw-in groove and the endoporus simultaneously.Its elastic device can be using common components such as springs.
Installation for ease of resilient barb and card is hooked, and elastic device carried out simultaneously spacing, the central cavity of above-mentioned endoporus is inColumn, and central cavity minimum diameter more than endoporus top and the bottom cavity maximum inner diameter.The setting causes ladder EDS mapsIn the middle part of endoporus, and cascaded surface is in continuous annular, is easy to the installation of resilient barb and hooks card.
To meet different patient personalized demands, to reach best installation effect requirement, the bottom of above-mentioned neck of femur is in integrallyPositive bar shape, top is set to bias tilt column；The lower end of above-mentioned neck of femur is made up of two parts, and a portion is forHook, another part is that spaced slot is provided between column, and barb and column；The bottom of above-mentioned neck of femur is inserted intoState in L-shaped through hole, and barb is hooked and is stuck in the transverse holes on L-shaped through hole.According to the situation of different patients, by controlling stockThe length on bone neck top, and the angle of inclination between neck of femur top and the bottom, you can make neck of femur that there are the variable rule of many kindsLattice, have adapted to the demand of different patients.
For convenience of the installation positioning action of product in operation implementation process, location hole is had additional on the head of above-mentioned femur handle proximal end.
As further optimization, the above-mentioned multilevel hole material that above-mentioned femoral stem distal end is used, specifically by multistage porous materialConstitute, including material body, body is the vestibule being classified with material pore size, and around the cavity wall structure of formation vestibuleInto its vestibule is in uniform distribution, and subordinate's vestibule is set in the cavity wall for constituting higher level's vestibule in three dimensions；Holes at different levelsChamber is each mutually communicated and vestibule at different levels also insertion each other each other, and vestibule refers to each vestibule in multi-stage porous in uniform distributionIn uniform distribution under arbitrary unit level volume on material.
More specifically, above-mentioned multilevel hole material, its intrinsic every grade of porous material is a continuous structure body certainly.And itsMaximum external boundary per one-level porous material is suitable with the space boundary of whole material body.I.e. every grade porous material can be madeFor the porous material of one-level independence is present in body, and with its physical and chemical performance alone.Such structure can be caused respectivelyThe physical and chemical performance difference of level porous material, has different physical and chemical performances, more in the whole space of relatively-stationary materialMany functional requirements are met well.
More specifically, above-mentioned multilevel hole material, the cavity wall of higher level's vestibule can be made up of next stage porous material, so that holeChamber is layered step by step, and reasonable Arrangement vestibule structure and pore size；The cavity wall of higher level's vestibule can also be by the multistage of its subordinatePorous material is compound to be constituted, or is constituted by the porous materials at different levels of its subordinate are compound, to cause that material meets specific functionDemand.
More specifically, above-mentioned unit level volume refers to cubic centimetre level or cubic millimeter level or more subsection level volume.
More specifically, above-mentioned vestibule refers to be not more than 1 cube in the take up an official post volume that takes of the multilevel hole material in uniform distributionCentimetre formed objects said three-dimensional body, their quality are substantially suitable.
More specifically, above-mentioned quality quite refers to be not more than 1 cube li in take up an official post multiple volumes for taking of multilevel hole material substantiallyThe said three-dimensional body of the formed objects of rice, claims its quality respectively, obtains the average value of their quality, and any three-dimensional weight is relativeIt is not more than the 4% of said three-dimensional body mass average value in the absolute value of the bias of mass average value.
Above-mentioned multilevel hole material in the present invention, can be specifically made of conventional medical metal, alloy and the material such as nonmetallic.And be being connected between easy part, the femoral stem distal end being made of above-mentioned multilevel hole material, can through bond, welding orThe conventional technique such as sintering, realization is fixed to one another with above-mentioned connecting rod.
The present invention has following beneficial effect：
(1) the invention provides a kind of buffer-type hip joint, its femoral stem is proximally and distally fallen via connecting rod, elasticityCooperation between the parts such as the endoporus of hook and given shape hooks card effect, realizes mutual connection and spacing, and by controlling endoporusWith the length of connecting rod, relative can be moved up and down between the two is caused again, with certain cushioning effect；And offer increased bulletThe elastic devices such as spring, slow down the severe impact that the product is subject in use, play cushioning effect, prevent product in impactDuring load it is excessive and occur unexpected, ensured the security of product.Additionally, leading between neck of femur and femoral stem in structureCross barb and hook card effect with the plug-in type of L-shaped through hole, and connection is combined together, it is therefore prevented that neck of femur departs from from femoral stem；And when the situations such as fracture occurs in neck, can realize separating neck of femur and femoral stem again, it is to avoid because of component failureIntegrally-built failure is caused to waste.
(2) its femoral stem distal end is made up of multilevel hole material；The multilevel hole material is three-dimensional insertion (including every grade of hole threeDimension insertion, holes at different levels three-dimensional insertion mutually), its connectivity is greatly improved, and fully meets material as bionical peopleVarious functional requirements of work bone, for example, having good structural mechanical property and porosity higher concurrently simultaneously, greatly mitigateDead load, enhances the efficient exchange of material between tissue, greatly accelerates the convalescence after Miles operation；Phase increasing before implantationBig contact area between its structure and femur, increases adhesive force, it is therefore prevented that femoral stem is rotated, and the phase after the implantation,Due to the approximate trabecular bone structure of distribution mode in the multistage space that its structure mesoporous chamber is constituted, thus it is the fast fast-growing of tissueIt is long to grow into space there is provided good so that tissue enters the positions such as spaces at different levels, so form multistage grow into it is firmStructure, greatly improves the connective stability of structure, also greatly reduces the rejection of human body, and thus bringsBad impression, its healing effect more preferably faster.
(3) also the vestibule of multilevel hole material is evenly distributed in the present invention and proposes the metric form of specific, concrete, specify thatIt is the pore size distribution uniformity that multilevel hole material is measured under compared with the yardstick of subsection level volume, such multilevel hole material is highDegree is uniform, so as to ensure that the uniformity consistency of the various performances of multilevel hole material, it is to avoid the internal flaw of selection.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of buffer-type hip joint described in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is buffer-type hip joint described in Fig. 1 through the structural representation after fractionation.
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional views of femur handle proximal end in buffer-type hip joint described in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is buffer-type hip joint described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 through the structural representation after fractionation.
Fig. 5 is the B-B sectional views of femur handle proximal end in buffer-type hip joint described in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is buffer-type hip joint described in the embodiment of the present invention 3 through the structural representation after fractionation.
Specific embodiment
Premised on technical solution of the present invention, its detailed implementation method is following present, but protection scope of the present invention is not onlyIt is limited to embodiment disclosed below.In the case of not departing from and changing above-mentioned technological thought of the invention, according to the common skill of this areaArt knowledge and/or customary means, it is clear that the replacement or change of diversified forms can also be made, and model of the invention all should be included inWithin enclosing.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure of description 1-3, a kind of buffer-type hip joint, it includes femoral stem 1, neck of femur 2 and spring 10；Its femoral stem 1 is split as near-end 3 and the two parts of distal end 4；It is provided with L-shaped through hole 5 in the head of near-end 3, and near-end 3Location hole 16 is had additional on head；The bottom of its neck of femur 2 is in integrally positive bar shape, and top is set to bias tilt column；The stockThe lower end of bone neck 2 is made up of two parts, and a portion is barb 12, and another part is column 13, and barbSpaced slot 14 is provided between 12 and column 13；The bottom of the neck of femur 2 is inserted into L-shaped through hole 5, and barb 12Hook is stuck in the transverse holes 15 on L-shaped through hole 5；The bottom of its near-end of femoral stem 1 is provided with endoporus 6, the middle part of the endoporus 6Cavity is in cylinder, and central cavity maximum inner diameter of the internal diameter more than the top and the bottom cavity of endoporus 6, during it is in cylindrical shapePortion's cavity end is the cascaded surface 7 for foring a continuous annular；Its distal end 4 is made of multilevel hole material, and distal end 4Connecting rod 8 is had additional on head, the end of the connecting rod 8 carries resilient barb 9；Connecting rod 8 is plugged into endoporus 6,And resilient barb 9 is hooked and is stuck at the cascaded surface 7 in endoporus 6；Its endoporus 6 is more long than connecting rod 8, is set up inside connecting rod 8There is draw-in groove 11；Spring 10 coordinates in draw-in groove 11 and endoporus 6 simultaneously；The distal end 4 of its femoral stem 1 is used in this exampleMultilevel hole material is POROUS TITANIUM, with three-level hole, wherein, have in the cavity wall of the first order vestibule be uniformly distributed, being mutually communicatedThe second level vestibule be uniformly distributed, being mutually communicated, there is the third level for being uniformly distributed, being mutually communicated in the cavity wall of second level vestibuleVestibule；And vestibules at different levels also insertion each other each other, described insertion is three-dimensional insertion.Every grade of porous material is certainly for one is continuousStructure, the maximum external boundary per one-level porous material is suitable with whole material body space boundary, and every grade of porous material hasPhysical and chemical performance alone.Total effective drainage porosity is 75%, and first order hole average pore size is 450 μm, in the cavity wall in first order holeOn have 30 μm of average pore size insertion second level hole, have the insertion of average pore size 670nm in the cavity wall in second level holeThird level hole.
Taken up an official post in the POROUS TITANIUM with conventional machining method and take 9 said three-dimensional bodies of the same size of 10mm × 10mm × 10mm,Its quality is tested with plum Teller-support benefit XP26 Microbalance balances, as a result as shown in table 1, wherein, relative to flatThe absolute value of the bias of average is expressed as a percentage, its value be the absolute value of the bias relative to average value divided by mass average value, byTable 1 understands that its mass deviation is not more than 4%.
Table 1
| Piece number | Quality (mg) | Relative to the absolute value of the bias (%) of average value |
| 1 | 1156.184 | 1.4% |
| 2 | 1135.077 | 3.2% |
| 3 | 1151.493 | 1.8% |
| 4 | 1157.356 | 1.3% |
| 5 | 1145.630 | 2.3% |
| 6 | 1217.159 | 3.8% |
| 7 | 1197.225 | 2.1% |
| 8 | 1191.362 | 1.6% |
| 9 | 1201.915 | 2.5% |
| Mass average value | 1172.600 | |
The preparation method of this kind of POROUS TITANIUM is：
(1) material prepares
It is raw material for 2 μm of titanium valve to use particle diameter, and particle diameter is the minimum one-level of the starch as multilevel hole material to be made of 770nmThe pore creating material of vestibule, with the stearic acid that particle diameter is 770nm as adhesive, according to titanium valve：Starch：Stearic acid：Distilled waterBy volume 3：1：1：11 are configured to slurry.
Using a diameter of 30 μm of polyester form of rib, by the slurry, with foam impregnation method, uniformly filling wherein, forms base substrateAnd dry, then crush and obtain the hybrid particles containing raw material, pore creating material and polyester form that particle is 30 μm.
(2) by methylcellulose that hybrid particles, particle diameter are 30 μm by volume 3：Equably poured into after 1 uniform mixingDuring a diameter of 560 ± 20 μm of rib, aperture are for the polyester form of 400 ± 15 μm of three-dimensional insertion, then polyester form is put intoClosed mold is pressed into dense green.
(3) by dense green vacuum-sintering；Base substrate after sintering carries out conventional subsequent heat treatment according to titanium technique to be hadThere is the POROUS TITANIUM in three-level hole.
Used as bone-regeneration material, first order hole size is particularly suitable for meeting the demand that the vital tissues such as blood vessel grow into this kind of POROUS TITANIUM；Second level hole is particularly suitable for living away from home for various kinds of cell；Third level hole is particularly conducive to meet cell because of its substantial amounts of nano-poreStick, differentiation demand, and specific surface area is very big, can load many growth factors, and the adhesive force between femur is also stronger,And, the connectivity in hole is good, and holes at different levels are each mutually communicated and hole at different levels also insertion each other each other, can fully meet bloodLiquid, the infiltration of tissue fluid, transmission, realize the discharge of protein degradation products and metabolism product, therefore it is a kind of truePositive bone-regeneration material.Additionally, according to the actual conditions of different patients, selection control neck of femur 2 top biasing tilt columnAngle of inclination A between length L, and the top and the bottom of neck of femur 2, that is, cause that neck of femur 2 is provided with various variable specifications,The individual demand of different patients is adapted to.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure of description 4-5, a kind of buffer-type hip joint, it includes femoral stem 1, neck of femur 2 and spring 10；Its femoral stem 1 is split as near-end 3 and the two parts of distal end 4；L-shaped through hole 5 is provided with the head of near-end 3；Its neck of femur 2Bottom integrally be in positive bar shape, top be set to bias tilt column；The lower end of the neck of femur 2 is made up of two parts, itsA middle part is barb 12, and another part is that spaced slot 14 is provided between column 13, and barb 12 and column 13；The bottom of the neck of femur 2 is inserted into L-shaped through hole 5, and barb 12 is hooked and is stuck in the transverse holes 15 on L-shaped through hole 5；The bottom of its near-end of femoral stem 1 is provided with endoporus 6, and two symmetrical interruption shape cascaded surfaces 7 are provided with the endoporus 6；ItsDistal end 4 is made of multilevel hole material, and connecting rod 8 is had additional on the head of distal end 4, and the end of the connecting rod 8 carriesTwo symmetrically arranged resilient barbs 9；Connecting rod 8 is plugged into endoporus 6, and in two resilient barbs 9 hook be stuck in respectivelyAt cascaded surface 7 in hole 6；Its endoporus 6 is more long than connecting rod 8, and draw-in groove 11 is had additional inside connecting rod 8；Spring 10 is sameShi Peihe is in draw-in groove 11 and endoporus 6；The multilevel hole material that the distal end 4 of its femoral stem 1 is used in this example is porous tantalum,With three-level hole, wherein, have in the cavity wall of the first order vestibule be uniformly distributed, being mutually communicated and to be uniformly distributed, be mutually communicatedSecond level vestibule, there is the third level vestibule for being uniformly distributed, being mutually communicated in the cavity wall of second level vestibule；And vestibule at different levels is mutualBetween also insertion each other, described insertion is three-dimensional insertion；Every grade of porous material is a continuous structure body certainly, per the porous material of one-levelThe maximum external boundary of material is suitable with whole material body space boundary, and every grade of porous material is with physical and chemical performance alone.Always haveEffect porosity is 80%, and first order hole average pore size is 510 μm, there is 25 μm of average pore size in the cavity wall in first order holeThe second level hole of insertion, the third level hole for having average pore size 780nm insertions in the cavity wall in second level hole.
Taken up an official post in the multilevel hole material with conventional machining method and take 9 the three of the same size of 10mm × 10mm × 10mmDimension body, its quality is tested with plum Teller-support benefit XP26 Microbalance balances, as a result as shown in table 2, wherein, phaseAbsolute value of the bias for average value is expressed as a percentage, and its value is average divided by quality relative to the absolute value of the bias of average valueValue, as shown in Table 2, its mass deviation is not more than 4%.
Table 2
| Piece number | Quality (mg) | Relative to the absolute value of the bias (%) of average value |
| 1 | 3282.624 | 1.6% |
| 2 | 3292.63 | 1.3% |
| 3 | 3242.592 | 2.8% |
| 4 | 3265.944 | 2.1% |
| 5 | 3285.960 | 1.5% |
| 6 | 3469.440 | 4% |
| 7 | 3409.392 | 2.2% |
| 8 | 3396.048 | 1.8% |
| 9 | 3379.368 | 1.3% |
| Mass average value | 3336 | |
The preparation method of this kind of material is：
(1) material prepares
It is the polystyrene sphere of 900 ± 30nm to choose particle diameter, is assembled the colloid template to form three-dimensional order arrangement, systemStandby tantalum nanocrystal solution, tantalum nanocrystal solution is introduced into the three-dimensional colloid template that polystyrene sphere is made, by three-dimensional colloidThe mixture of template/tantalum nanocrystal solution is dried, and is then broken for the particle that particle diameter is 5 μm；
(2) starch that particle diameter is 900 ± 30nm is taken, according to part by weight 1：40 mix with distilled water, are made starch moltenLiquid, by ethyl cellulose that above-mentioned particle, particle diameter are 35 μm and starch solution according to part by weight 12：1：8 are made slurry,It is uniformly impregnated with to aperture as on 600 ± 20 μm of polyester form；
(3) polyester form after dipping is sintered in vacuum or protective atmosphere, conventional follow-up place is carried out according still further to tantalum techniqueReason, is obtained the porous tantalum with three-level hole.
Similar to embodiment 1, this kind of material is particularly suitable for doing bone-regeneration material；In when occur neck fracture etc. situationWhen, can be stretched into transverse holes 15 with instrument, barb 12 is promoted to the side of spaced slot 14, to cause barb 12 and horizontal strokeHook card and act on to losing between hole 15, that is, realize and neck of femur 2 is separated with femoral stem 1, it is to avoid because neck breaksThe component failure such as split and cause integrally-built failure to waste.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure of description 6, a kind of buffer-type hip joint, it includes femoral stem 1 and neck of femur 2；Its femoral stem1 is split as near-end 3 and the two parts of distal end 4；L-shaped through hole 5 is provided with the head of near-end 3；The bottom entirety of its neck of femur 2In positive bar shape, top is set to bias tilt column；The bottom of the neck of femur 2 is plugged into L-shaped through hole 5 via interference fit；The bottom of its near-end of femoral stem 1 is provided with endoporus 6, and the cascaded surface 7 of a continuous annular is provided with the endoporus 6；Adopt its distal end 4It is made of multilevel hole material, and connecting rod 8 is had additional on the head of distal end 4, the end of the connecting rod 8 carries resilient barb9；Connecting rod 8 is plugged into endoporus 6, and resilient barb 9 is hooked and is stuck at the cascaded surface 7 in endoporus 6；Its endoporus 6 comparesConnecting rod 8 is grown；The multilevel hole material that the distal end 4 of its femoral stem 1 is used in this example is identical with embodiment.
In the structure, the near-end 3 of its femoral stem 1 and distal end 4 are via in connecting rod 8, resilient barb 9 and given shapeCooperation between the grade part of hole 6 hooks card, realizes mutual connection and spacing, and by controlling the length of endoporus 6 and connecting rod 8,Relative can be moved up and down between causing the two again, with certain cushioning effect.