The content of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide it is a kind of can self power generation for a long time, the wireless sensor node system of energy source long lifespan.
A kind of wireless sensor node system, including：
Sensor, for gathering environmental information to export sensing data；
Main controller, is connected with the sensor, for reading the sensing data；
Wireless launcher, is connected with the main controller, for according to the control of main controller to emission described in sensing data；
Energy device, is connected with the sensor and main controller, is that the sensor and main controller provide electric energy；
Wherein, the energy device includes the wind-power generation unit based on pipeline wind-force source, energy capacitance set and power supplyManagement module；The wind-power generation unit includes multiple power generating devices for being located at and having in the ventilation shaft of fixed wind speed；It is multipleThe output end of power generating device is connected to rectifier bridge；The output end of the rectifier bridge is connected to energy capacitance set；The storage capacitorGroup stores electric energy in wind-power generation unit power generation process；
The power management module is connected with the energy capacitance set, after the voltage of energy capacitance set reaches given thresholdStart main controller and read the sensing data and by wireless launcher to emission.
Wherein in one embodiment, the power generating device includes support film, frictional layer, electret layer and electrodeLayer, wherein the frictional layer is stacked with support film, electret layer is stacked with electrode layer, and frictional layer and electrode layerElectrical connection, the negatively charged treatment of electret layer.
Wherein in one embodiment, the power management module includes power management chip；The power management chipThe voltage of input rectifying bridge output, and energy capacitance set is connected, exported with after the voltage of energy capacitance set reaches given thresholdVoltage starting main controller.
Wherein in one embodiment, the power management chip LTC3588-1；
The PZ1 pins of the power management chip LTC3588-1, the voltage of PZ2 pin input rectifyings bridge output；
The VIN pins of the power management chip LTC3588-1 are connected with the positive pole of the energy capacitance set, the energy storageThe negative pole ground connection of capacitance group；
The SW pins of the power management chip LTC3588-1 are connected by inductance with VOUT pins；
Electric capacity is also connected between the VIN pins and CAP pins of the power management chip LTC3588-1.
Wherein in one embodiment, the power management module also includes high-voltage capacitance group；
The VOUT pins of the power management chip LTC3588-1 are connected with the positive pole of the high-voltage capacitance group, the heightThe negative pole ground connection of voltage capacitance group.
Wherein in one embodiment, the main controller is microcontroller Si4010；
The TXP pins and TXM pins of the microcontroller Si4010 are connected with wireless launcher；
The universal input output pin of the microcontroller Si4010 is connected with sensor.
Wherein in one embodiment, the sensor is that temperature sensor, humidity sensor, gas sensor or light are passedSensor.
Wherein in one embodiment, the temperature sensor uses chip Si705x；The VDD pins of chip Si705x are defeatedEnter the voltage of energy module offer, SDA pins and SCL pins carry out I2C and be connected with main controller respectively.
A kind of wireless sensor network, including radio network gateway and multiple above-mentioned wireless sensor node systems, the nothingGauze is closed and multiple wireless sensor node system communication connections.
Wherein in one embodiment, the radio network gateway includes the wireless receiver, raspberry group and the network that are sequentially connectedUnit.
Above-mentioned wireless sensor node system and radio sensing network, by self power generation and the energy device energy supply of energy storage,Solve the problems, such as the long-term energy supply of wireless senser.Meanwhile, when the energy of self power generation can be used to send sensor signal, open certainlyDynamic main controller reads sensing data and sends from sensor, can both ensure the collection of sensing data, and energy is saved again.OvercomeConventional wind TRT is heavy, big, portable difference, the cost of taking up room shortcoming high.
Specific embodiment
It is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the topological diagram of radio sensing network.The wireless sensor network includes multiple wireless sensor node systems10th, radio network gateway 20 and display terminal 30, the radio network gateway 20 are communicated to connect with multiple wireless sensor node systems 10, nothingGauze closes 20 and passes through network connection with display terminal 30.Wireless sensor node system 10 collects environmental information generation sensing numberAccording to, and it is sent to the radio network gateway 20 being attached thereto.The sensing data is sent to display terminal 30 and carried out by radio network gateway 20Display.
Fig. 2 is the wireless sensor node system module map of an embodiment.The wireless sensor node system 10 includes passingSensor 100, main controller 200, wireless launcher 300 and energy device 400.Wherein, sensor 100 is used to collect environmental informationGeneration sensing data.Main controller 200 starts when the energy supply of energy device 400 is enough, reads the sensing data, and control wirelessTransmitter 300 is by the sensing data to radio network gateway 20.Fig. 3 is the module map of the radio network gateway of one embodiment.The nothingGauze closes 20 includes that the wireless receiver 210, raspberry being sequentially connected sends 220 and NE 230.Wireless receiver 210 can be withUsing chip Si4355, the sensing data from wireless launcher 300 is received.Wireless receiver 210 sends 220 by biography by raspberryData is activation is felt to NE 230, such that it is able to be sent out by network.Display terminal 30 gets the biography from networkSense data are shown.Wherein, the energy device 400 is self-generating energy storing device, using energy storage electricity during self power generationAppearance group (not shown) stores electric energy, and startup main controller 200 reads the sensing data, passes through after electric energy reaches given thresholdWireless launcher 300 is to emission.
Above-mentioned wireless sensor node system is supplied by self power generation and the energy device 400 using energy capacitance set energy storageCan, energy capacitance set will not be limited by as battery life, solve the problems, such as the long-term energy supply of wireless senser.Meanwhile,When the energy of self power generation can be used to send sensor signal, it is concurrent that self-starting main controller 200 reads sensing data from sensor 100Send, can both ensure the collection of sensing data, energy is saved again.
As shown in fig. 4 a, above-mentioned wireless sensor node system is worked using following flow.
Step S110：Energy device self power generation simultaneously stores electric energy.
Step S120：Judge that whether enough electric energy, if so, then performing step S130, otherwise performs step S110.
Step S130：Start main controller and read sensing data.
Step S140：Main controller is encoded to sensing data.
Step S150：Main controller controls wireless launcher transmission signal.
As shown in Figure 4 b, above-mentioned radio network gateway is worked using following flow.
Step S210：The signal to be received such as wireless receiver.
Step S220：Whether effectively to judge signal, if effectively, performing step S240, otherwise perform step S230, and turnTo step S210.
Step S230：Abandon invalid signals data.
Step S240：Raspberry group receives the signal and carries out data processing.
Step S250：Data after treatment are sent to network by NE.
Sensor 100 can be the multiple sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor or gas sensor.In this realityApply in example, the example of sensor 100 is temperature sensor, and using chip Si7055.As shown in figure 5, the VDD of chip Si7055 drawsVoltage, SDA pins and the SCL pins that pin input energy module 400 is provided are exported and are input into by I2C modes respectively.Wherein SDAThe exportable temperature data of pin, i.e., above-mentioned sensing data.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, main controller 200 can use microcontroller Si4010.The microcontrollerThe TXP pins and TXM pins of Si4010 are connected with wireless launcher 300.The universal input output of the microcontroller Si4010Pin is connected with sensor 100.Corresponding to above-mentioned temperature sensor, the GPIO4 of the microcontroller Si4010 of the present embodiment drawsPin is connected with the SDA pins of chip Si7055, the LED pins of microcontroller Si4010 are connected with the SCL pins of chip Si7055.Wherein, Vout voltage is supplied by energy device 400.Wireless launcher 300 includes antenna and its match circuit.It is appreciated thatMain controller 200 is not limited to using microcontroller Si4010.
When energy module 400 power storage to a certain extent after, main controller 200 receive Vout voltage be input into and start,Then temperature data is read from the SDA pins of chip Si7055 by GPIO4 pins, by wireless launcher 300 to emission.Wherein, the electric energy of temperature sensor can also be supplied by Vout.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the energy device 400 includes energy collection module 410 and power managementModule 420.The energy collection module 410 is used to collect environmental energy with self power generation and be transferred to the energy capacitance set.InstituteState power management module 420 to be connected with energy capacitance set, output supplies master control after the voltage of energy capacitance set reaches given thresholdThe voltage of the work of device 200.The environmental energy that energy collection module 410 is collected can be wind energy or solar energy etc..In the present embodimentIn, energy collection module 410 includes the wind-power generation unit based on pipeline wind-force source, and the wind-power generation unit includes multiple positionsNano level power generating device in ventilation shaft；The output end of multiple power generating devices is connected to rectifier bridge；The rectifier bridgeOutput end is connected to energy capacitance set.The power generating device includes support film, frictional layer, electret layer and electrode layer, itsDescribed in frictional layer be stacked with support film, electret layer is stacked with electrode layer, and frictional layer is electrically connected with electrode layerConnect, the negatively charged treatment of electret layer.
Support film is waved under the action of the forces of the wind, and drives the frictional layer in support film to wave so that frictional layer withElectret layer is contacted, and after contact, the surface of electret layer carries negative electrical charge, and the surface of frictional layer carries positive charge.Work as frictionAfter layer is separated with electret layer, in order to reach on balance electret layer, electrons flow to electrode layer by frictional layer so that electricityPole layer carries positive charge, and the process can form electric signal and outwards export, and this is triboelectricity process.
Further, since electrode layer is electrically connected with frictional layer, electret layer is thus negatively charged treatment, and the material of frictional layer to leadElectric material so that when frictional layer is not contacted with electret layer, electret layer, electrode layer and the frictional layer for storing electric charge is constitutedCapacitance structure, the effect due to support film in wind-force is waved so that electrode layer is continually changing with the distance of frictional layer, causes electricityThe capacitance for holding structure is changed, and electric charge is constantly redistributed between electrode layer and frictional layer, and this is electrostatic generating process.
Because the support film of above-mentioned power generating device can wave under the action of the forces of the wind, and drive metal level and frictional layerWave, metal level is contacted with electrode layer, to realize triboelectricity；Meanwhile, when frictional layer is not contacted with electret layer, due toElectret layer is thus negatively charged treatment so that electret layer, electrode layer and the metal level for storing electric charge constitute capacitance structure, work as branchSupport film layer can wave under the action of the forces of the wind so that electrode layer is continually changing with the distance of metal level, causes capacitance structureCapacitance is changed, and electric charge is constantly redistributed between electrode layer and metal level, to realize electrostatic generating, so as to by electrostaticGenerate electricity and triboelectricity is combined together, the output performance of generator unit can be effectively improved.
Generator unit is defeated when Fig. 8 provides the pipeline gas flowing of 18m/s for air blower in test process for generator unitThe test chart that the open-circuit voltage for going out is changed over time.
Fig. 9 a are the curve map of capacitance group Co and capacitance group Cs charging interval and charging voltage in the course of the work.Fig. 9 b areThe curve map of power management chip charging interval and charging voltage and electric current in the course of the work.
In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, the power management module 420 includes power management chip LTC3588-1 and energy capacitance set Cs.The PZ1 pins of the power management chip LTC3588-1, PZ2 pin input energies collection module 410The voltage of output.The VIN pins of the power management chip LTC3588-1 are connected with the positive pole of the energy capacitance set Cs, instituteState the negative pole ground connection of energy capacitance set Cs.The SW pins of the power management chip LTC3588-1 are drawn by inductance L1 and VOUTPin is connected.Electric capacity C1 is also connected between the VIN pins and CAP pins of the power management chip LTC3588-1.Work as storage capacitorWhen the electricity of group Cs storages reaches given threshold, discharged by pin Vout.The capacity of energy capacitance set Cs is preferably 470μF。
Further, the power management module 420 can also include high-voltage capacitance group Co.The power management chipThe VOUT pins of LTC3588-1 are connected with the positive pole of the high-voltage capacitance group Co, the negative pole ground connection of the high-voltage capacitance group Co.ElectricityThe D0 pins of source control chip LTC3588-1 are mode selection pin with D1 pins, and the two can by setting that low and high level has altogetherTo set 4 kinds of mode of operations, 4 different voltages of 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, 3.6V are exported.What high-voltage capacitance group Co passed through releasesElectric discharge lotus forms flashy high level to aid in setting the mode of operation of power management chip LTC3588-1.High-voltage capacitance groupThe capacity of Co is preferably 430 μ F.
Above-mentioned main controller 200, wireless launcher 300 and PMU 420 can be integrated on one piece of pcb board.Sensor 100 can be provided separately within one piece of pcb board, be then connected by holding wire with main controller 200.Energy collection module410 as single device, and can be electrically connected by wire with PMU 420.
Above-mentioned wireless sensor node system and radio sensing network, by self power generation and the energy device energy supply of energy storage,Solve the problems, such as the long-term energy supply of wireless senser.Meanwhile, when the energy of self power generation can be used to send sensor signal, open certainlyDynamic main controller reads sensing data and sends from sensor, can both ensure the collection of sensing data, and energy is saved again.OvercomeConventional wind TRT is heavy, big, portable difference, the cost of taking up room shortcoming high.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, to make description succinct, not to above-mentioned realityApply all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not depositedIn contradiction, the scope of this specification record is all considered to be.
Embodiment described above only expresses several embodiments of the invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneouslyCan not therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for one of ordinary skill in the artSay, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the inventionScope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.