技术领域technical field
本发明涉及养殖饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of breeding feed, in particular to a method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivorous animals by fermenting giant fungus grass.
背景技术Background technique
目前，菌草技术已传播至全球100多个国家。但巨菌草一直以来都未能很好利用。一般只作为燃料或造纸原料，造成了资源的大量浪费。At present, Juncao technology has spread to more than 100 countries around the world. But Jujuncao has not been well utilized. Generally, it is only used as fuel or raw material for papermaking, which causes a lot of waste of resources.
巨菌草，别名:王草、皇竹草、巨象草，为多年生、直立丛生的禾本科植物，是由哥伦比亚国引进的一种高产、优质刈割型饲草。巨菌草一次栽种，可连续收割8～10年，它的根系发达，分蘖力强。单株栽培，当年就可分蘖 80～100 株，第二年继续分蘖可达 20～ 40株，最多可达到 120多株。地表上部植株直立丛生，外形及生长类似甘蔗。植株最高可达 5 米以上，茎粗达 3 厘米，称为草中之王。广西是中国推广种植巨菌草大省之一，其种植面积已达近5万亩，亩产量超20吨，每年产巨菌草约为100万吨以上，资源非常丰富，产量相当可观，巨菌草其粗纤维含量高达18-25％，其干草粗蛋白质18.46％，精蛋白质16.86％，粗脂肪1.74％，总糖分8.3％，粗灰分在9％以上，具有来源广、数量大和价格低的特点，含有植物光合作用所积累的一半以上的能量，作为非竞争性的饲料资源，只要能够进行合理的加工调制，提高其消化能的摄入量，特别是用来饲喂牛、羊等反刍家畜，仍然能够成为优质饲料源。巨菌草营养成分丰富，汁多口感好，是各种食草性牲畜、家禽和鱼类的极佳饲料。据有关科研部门测定：其营养丰富，内含17种氨基酸和多种维他命，鲜草粗蛋白质4.6％，精蛋白质3％，粗脂肪1.74％，糖3％以上。干草热量值为3600大卡/公斤。因此，若采用巨菌草(皇竹草)进行制备动物饲料，不仅能使资源得到充分利用，还能扩大了饲料的原料来源，降低饲料成本，前景广阔。目前，在采用巨菌草(皇竹草)进行制备动物饲料方面，检索到相关的文献如：Jujungrass, alias: King Grass, Emperor Bamboo Grass, Giant Elephant Grass, is a perennial, erect and clustered grass plant. It is a high-yield, high-quality mowed forage grass introduced from Colombia. Once planted, Giant Juncao can be harvested continuously for 8 to 10 years. Its root system is developed and its tillering ability is strong. For single plant cultivation, 80-100 plants can be tilled in the first year, and 20-40 plants can be tilled in the second year, and the number can reach more than 120 plants at most. The upper part of the ground is erect and clustered, and its shape and growth are similar to sugarcane. The plant can reach a height of more than 5 meters, and the stem is as thick as 3 cm. It is called the king of grass. Guangxi is one of the major provinces in China that promotes the cultivation of giant fungus. Its planting area has reached nearly 50,000 mu, and the yield per mu exceeds 20 tons. The annual output of giant fungus is about 1 million tons or more. The resources are very rich, and the output is considerable. The crude fiber content of Juncao is as high as 18-25%, the hay crude protein is 18.46%, the refined protein is 16.86%, the crude fat is 1.74%, the total sugar content is 8.3%, and the crude ash content is above 9%. It has the characteristics of wide source, large quantity and low price. It contains more than half of the energy accumulated by plant photosynthesis. As a non-competitive feed resource, as long as it can be reasonably processed and modulated to increase its intake of digestible energy, it is especially used to feed ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Livestock, can still be a good source of feed. Jujuncao is rich in nutrients, juicy and tastes good, and it is an excellent feed for various herbivorous livestock, poultry and fish. According to the determination of relevant scientific research departments: it is rich in nutrition, contains 17 kinds of amino acids and multivitamins, 4.6% of fresh grass crude protein, 3% of refined protein, 1.74% of crude fat, and more than 3% of sugar. The caloric value of hay is 3600 kcal/kg. Therefore, if the giant fungus grass (Emperor bamboo grass) is used to prepare animal feed, not only can the resources be fully utilized, but also the source of raw materials for the feed can be expanded, and the cost of the feed can be reduced. The prospect is broad. At present, in the preparation of animal feed using Jujuncao (Emperor Bamboo Grass), relevant documents such as:
1、中国专利，名称: 一种用皇竹草为主要原料制备肉猪饲料的方法，申请（专利）号:201210072981.1, 申请人: 何寒，摘要: 该发明涉及一种猪饲料的制备技术，属于秸秆深加工领域，具体涉及到一种用皇竹草为主要原料制备肉猪饲料的方法。具体包括：以原料来源广泛、价格低廉的皇竹草为主要原料，用玉米粉、黄豆粉及鱼粉为辅料，用 EM有益菌发酵而成一种物优价廉、营养全面的肉猪饲料。通过本发明制备的猪饲料，营养全面，饲喂肉猪时可当做全价饲料、不用添加激素及生长素；饲料中有益微生物分泌活性物质能促使肉猪肌体显著增强免疫力，减少兽药使用甚至不用兽药，生产出绿色无害的高品质肉猪产品。1. Chinese patent, title: A method for preparing hog feed using huang bamboo grass as the main raw material, application (patent) number: 201210072981.1, applicant: He Han, abstract: This invention relates to a preparation technology for pig feed, which belongs to The field of straw deep processing specifically relates to a method for preparing hog feed by using emperor bamboo grass as a main raw material. Specifically, it includes: taking the emperor bamboo grass with a wide range of raw materials and low price as the main raw material, using corn flour, soybean flour and fish meal as auxiliary materials, and fermenting with EM beneficial bacteria to form a high-quality, low-cost, and comprehensive nutritional pig feed. The pig feed prepared by the invention has comprehensive nutrition, and can be used as a full-price feed when feeding pigs without adding hormones and growth hormones; the active substances secreted by beneficial microorganisms in the feed can promote the body of pigs to significantly enhance immunity, reduce the use of veterinary drugs or even Green and harmless high-quality pig products are produced without veterinary drugs.
2、中国专利，名称: 一种皇竹草猪饲料及其制备方法，申请（专利）号:201510137898.1，申请人: 湖南新泰和绿色农业集团有限公司，摘要: 该发明公开一种皇竹草猪饲料，所述皇竹草猪饲料的原料及其质量配比如下：皇竹草：77.84 ％；米糠：4.67％-18.68％；菜饼：3.11％-17.12％；食盐：0.31％；发酵剂和降解剂：0.06％。本发明实施例提供的皇竹草猪饲料，解决了通常使用粮食、进口转基因豆粕等作为猪饲料而使养猪成本较高的问题，有效解决了饲料的来源，大大降低了饲料成本，为生产绿色猪肉奠定了物质基础。2. Chinese patent, title: Feed for pigs with imperial bamboo grass and its preparation method, application (patent) number: 201510137898.1, applicant: Hunan Xintaihe Green Agriculture Group Co., Ltd., abstract: the invention discloses a pig with grassed imperial bamboo Feed, the raw material and quality proportioning thereof of described emperor bamboo grass pig feed are as follows: emperor bamboo grass: 77.84%; Rice bran: 4.67%-18.68%; Vegetable cake: 3.11%-17.12%; Salt: 0.31%; Degradants: 0.06%. The Huangzhugrass pig feed provided by the embodiments of the present invention solves the problem of high pig raising cost due to the use of grain and imported transgenic soybean meal as pig feed, effectively solves the source of feed, greatly reduces feed cost, and contributes to the production of pigs. Green pork laid the material foundation.
3、中国专利，名称: 一种以皇竹草为原料的火鸡饲料，申请号: 201610445992.8，申请人: 宾阳县古辣镇新民特色农业养殖农民专业合作社，摘要: 该发明涉及一种以皇竹草为原料的火鸡饲料，由以下质量百分比的原料组成：皇竹草发酵产物40-55％，玉米粉10-15％，面粉或者米粉10-15％，花生麸3-5％，鱼粉3-5％，钙粉0.5-1％，米糠或者麦麸补足100％。所述的皇竹草发酵产物由以下方法制得：将新鲜皇竹草粉碎；将调制好的7-9％氯化钠盐水喷淋在粉碎后的皇竹草上，再装入发酵罐内，在皇竹草上撒一层食盐，密封发酵罐，置于25-35℃条件下发酵5-15天即可。本发明感官性能好，适口性佳，营养价值高；火鸡吸收效果好，肠胃好，还能够节约饲料，降低料重比；发酵周期短，保质期长。3. Chinese patent, title: a turkey feed made of imperial bamboo grass, application number: 201610445992.8, applicant: Xinmin Specialized Agriculture and Breeding Farmers Cooperative, Gula Town, Binyang County, abstract: the invention relates to a The turkey feed made of royal bamboo grass is composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: 40-55% of the fermented product of royal bamboo grass, 10-15% of corn flour, 10-15% of flour or rice flour, 3-5% of peanut bran, Fish meal 3-5%, calcium powder 0.5-1%, rice bran or wheat bran make up 100%. The said fermented product of royal bamboo grass is obtained by the following method: crushing fresh royal bamboo grass; spraying prepared 7-9% sodium chloride salt water on the crushed royal bamboo grass, and then putting it into a fermentation tank , Sprinkle a layer of salt on the emperor bamboo grass, seal the fermentation tank, and place it at 25-35 ° C for 5-15 days to ferment. The invention has good sensory performance, good palatability and high nutritional value; the turkey has good absorption effect and good stomach, can also save feed and reduce the ratio of feed to weight; the fermentation cycle is short and the shelf life is long.
上述的文献中都是采用皇竹草为原料发酵制备饲料，但是存在的不足之处是制备的饲料营养不够全面，缺少了动物所需要的微量元素等，无法完全满足动物的生长需要。而且目前在皇竹草的开发利用方面，很少见有采用皇竹草为原料进行制备牛羊饲料方面的文献报导。In the above-mentioned literature, all adopt the royal bamboo grass as raw material to ferment and prepare the feed, but the shortcomings are that the prepared feed is not comprehensive enough in nutrition, lacks the trace elements needed by the animals, etc., and cannot fully meet the growth needs of the animals. And at present, in the development and utilization of the emperor bamboo grass, it is rare to have the literature report on the preparation of cattle and sheep feed by using the emperor bamboo grass as raw material.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，采用巨菌草进行发酵制备得到牛羊及草食动物饲料，加工制作方法简单、成本低，经过发酵后的巨菌草，粗纤维可以降解，粗蛋白可以提高，其营养价值得到了更进一步提高，发酵后制备得到的牛羊及草食动物饲料营养全面、有淡淡的酒香味、适口性好，提高了牛羊及草食动物的食欲。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivorous animals by fermenting giant fungus grass, using giant fungus grass to prepare feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores. The processing method is simple and the cost is low. After fermentation, giant fungus Juncao, the crude fiber can be degraded, the crude protein can be increased, and its nutritional value has been further improved. The feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores prepared after fermentation is comprehensive in nutrition, has a light wine aroma, and has good palatability, which improves the quality of cattle and sheep. and the appetite of herbivores.
为了实现本发明的目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting Jujuncao, comprising the following steps:
（1）从种植地运回来的巨菌草经过粉碎处理后，待用；(1) The Jujuncao brought back from the planting place is crushed and ready for use;
（2）将发酵菌进行扩大培养，然后与糖蜜混合均匀，得到混合溶液，然后将步骤（1）中的巨菌草和混合溶液混合，并加入粮食饲料、非蛋白氮、食盐和微量元素，用搅拌机搅拌均匀，得到发酵料，其含水量为50～70%；(2) Expand the culture of the fermented bacteria, and then mix it with molasses evenly to obtain a mixed solution, then mix the Jujuncao in step (1) with the mixed solution, and add grain feed, non-protein nitrogen, salt and trace elements, Stir evenly with a mixer to obtain a fermented material with a water content of 50-70%;
（3）将步骤（2）中得到的发酵料装入包装袋中，将袋口封紧，置于35～40℃下发酵8-10天；(3) Put the fermented material obtained in step (2) into a packaging bag, seal the mouth of the bag tightly, and ferment at 35-40°C for 8-10 days;
（4）在步骤（3）得到的物料中加入混合酶和切碎后的木瓜皮及菠萝皮混合均匀，于40-45℃下，密闭发酵2-3天后，制得饲料。(4) Add mixed enzyme and chopped papaya peel and pineapple peel to the material obtained in step (3), mix evenly, and ferment in a closed container at 40-45° C. for 2-3 days to obtain feed.
上述的巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，所述的发酵菌是乳酸菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌和两歧双歧杆菌按照3:1:2:1的重量比例混合得到的。The method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting the above-mentioned Jujuncao, wherein the fermenting bacteria are obtained by mixing lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bifidobacterium bifidum in a weight ratio of 3:1:2:1 of.
上述的巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，所述步骤（2）中将发酵菌进行扩大培养所用的培养基的组成为：5-7%木薯淀粉，1%-2%葡萄糖，0.1%尿素，大豆蛋白胨0.3%， 0.008%MgSO4·7H2O, 0.005%FeSO4·7H2O , 0.03% K2HPO4·3H2O ；0.1-0.3%复合维生素；10％胡萝卜汁；培养方法为：将菌种接种于种子发酵罐中，种子发酵罐发酵条件：温度30℃，pH 7.0-8.0，接种量7%，搅拌速度240r/min，通气量为6L/min，发酵时间55h。In the method for preparing cattle, sheep and herbivorous animal feed by fermenting the above-mentioned Jujuncao, the composition of the medium used for expanding the fermentation bacteria in the step (2) is: 5-7% tapioca starch, 1%-2% glucose , 0.1% urea, 0.3% soybean peptone, 0.008% MgSO4 7H2 O, 0.005% FeSO4 7H2 O , 0.03% K2 HPO4 3H2 O ; 0.1-0.3% multivitamins; 10% carrot juice The cultivation method is: inoculate the strains in the seed fermentation tank, the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank are: temperature 30°C, pH 7.0-8.0, inoculum size 7%, stirring speed 240r/min, air flow 6L/min, fermentation time 55h.
上述的巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，所述的混合酶是米曲霉、黑曲霉、胰淀粉酶和绿色木霉按照2:1:2:1.5的重量比例混合得到的。In the method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting the above-mentioned Jujuncao, the mixed enzyme is obtained by mixing Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, pancreatic amylase and Trichoderma viride in a weight ratio of 2:1:2:1.5.
所述的巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，制备该饲料所用的各个原料的重量份数如下：巨菌草50～65份；发酵菌5～8 份；糖蜜6～10份；粮食饲料10～15份；磷酸脲0.4～1份；食盐0.5～0.7份；微量元素1-2份；混合酶0.7～1.0份；木瓜皮8-10份；菠萝皮7-12份；所述的粮食饲料包括小麦麸、玉米、薯粉、米糠和花生粕；所述的微量元素是由锰、锌、铁和钙组成，锰选自甘氨酸锰，锌选自氧化锌，铁选自柠檬酸铁，钙选自碘酸钙。In the method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting the described Jujuncao, the parts by weight of each raw material used in the preparation of the feed are as follows: 50-65 parts of Jujuncao; 5-8 parts of fermentation bacteria; 6-10 parts of molasses 10-15 parts of grain and feed; 0.4-1 part of urea phosphate; 0.5-0.7 part of table salt; 1-2 parts of trace elements; 0.7-1.0 part of mixed enzyme; The grain feed includes wheat bran, corn, potato flour, rice bran and peanut meal; the trace element is composed of manganese, zinc, iron and calcium, manganese is selected from manganese glycinate, zinc is selected from zinc oxide, and iron is selected from lemon Iron acid, calcium is selected from calcium iodate.
本发明所用的糖蜜，是白砂糖生产过程蔗糖结晶后，剩余的不能结晶，但仍含有较多糖的液体残留物。糖蜜的主要成分为糖类，甘蔗糖蜜含蔗糖约24%－36%，其他糖约12%－24%；糖蜜含有少量粗蛋白质，一般为3%－6%，多属于非蛋白氮类，如氨、酰胺及硝酸盐等，而氨基酸态氮仅占38%－50%，且非必需氨基酸如天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸含量较多，因此蛋白质生物学价值较低。本发明加入糖蜜有两个作用，一是在发酵过程增加碳源和氮源，提高发酵效果，二是加入饲料中，提高饲料的适口性。The molasses used in the present invention is after the crystallization of sucrose in the white granulated sugar production process, the rest cannot be crystallized, but still contains more sugary liquid residues. The main component of molasses is sugar. Cane molasses contains about 24%-36% of sucrose, and about 12%-24% of other sugars; molasses contains a small amount of crude protein, generally 3%-6%, mostly belonging to non-protein nitrogen, such as Ammonium, amides, and nitrates, etc., while amino acid nitrogen only accounts for 38%-50%, and non-essential amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid are high in content, so the biological value of protein is low. Adding molasses in the present invention has two functions, one is to increase carbon source and nitrogen source in the fermentation process to improve fermentation effect, and the other is to add it to feed to improve the palatability of feed.
本发明所述的发酵菌中，乳酸菌 (lactic acid bacteria，LAB)是一类能利用可发酵碳水化合物产生大量乳酸的细菌的通称。在饲料中添加乳酸菌，能提高蛋雏鸡成活率和日增重，可使断乳后仔犬体重显著增加，因此显著提高饲料利用率。采用乳酸菌进行发酵饲料能够降解饲料中的抗营养因子（大豆抗原、胰蛋白酶抑制因子等）和有毒的物质（如戒子酸），释放难被动物利用的营养素，如植酸磷等；螯合微量元素（如把碳酸钙变成乳酸钙），促进微量元素的吸收；降解粗纤维成单糖。乳酸菌对某些真菌生长与产毒有抑制作用，同时对已存在的毒素亦有吸附作用。乳酸菌对黄曲霉毒素具有吸附作用，同时它还可以对黄曲霉毒素进行降解，达到脱毒效果。而且经过乳酸菌发酵后的饲料具有特殊的发酵香味，含有丰富的乳酸，诱食效果好，采食量高。本发明采用乳酸菌作为发酵菌种之一进行发酵巨菌草制备饲料，不仅能提高发酵效果，而且乳酸菌还能与加入微量元素进行螯合，促进动物对微量元素的吸收。 Among the fermenting bacteria described in the present invention, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a general term for a class of bacteria that can utilize fermentable carbohydrates to produce a large amount of lactic acid. Adding lactic acid bacteria to the feed can improve the survival rate and daily weight gain of laying chicks, and can significantly increase the weight of weaned puppies, thus significantly improving feed utilization. Fermenting feed with lactic acid bacteria can degrade anti-nutritional factors (soybean antigens, trypsin inhibitors, etc.) Trace elements (such as calcium carbonate into calcium lactate), promote the absorption of trace elements; degrade crude fiber into simple sugars. Lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth and toxin production of certain fungi, and can also adsorb existing toxins. Lactic acid bacteria can adsorb aflatoxin, and at the same time, it can also degrade aflatoxin to achieve detoxification effect. Moreover, the feed fermented by lactic acid bacteria has a special fermented aroma, is rich in lactic acid, has good food-attracting effect and high feed intake. The present invention uses lactic acid bacteria as one of the fermentation strains to ferment the giant fungus grass to prepare feed, which can not only improve the fermentation effect, but also chelate the lactic acid bacteria with added trace elements to promote the absorption of trace elements by animals.
地衣芽孢杆菌的细胞形态和排列呈杆状、单生，拉丁学名为：Bacilluslichenif0rmis，地衣芽孢杆菌可调整菌群失调达到治疗目的，可促使机体产生抗菌活性物质、杀灭致病菌。能产生抗活性物质，并具有独特的生物夺氧作用机制，能抑制致病菌的生长繁殖。促进肠道内正常生理性厌氧菌的生长，调整肠道菌群失调，恢复肠道功能；能产生抗活性物质，并具有独特的生物夺氧作用机制，能抑制致病菌的生长繁殖。The cell shape and arrangement of Bacillus licheniformis are rod-shaped and solitary. The Latin scientific name is: Bacillus licheniformis. Bacillus licheniformis can adjust the flora imbalance to achieve the purpose of treatment, and can prompt the body to produce antibacterial active substances and kill pathogenic bacteria. It can produce anti-active substances, and has a unique mechanism of biological oxygen capture, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. Promote the growth of normal physiological anaerobic bacteria in the intestine, adjust the imbalance of intestinal flora, and restore intestinal function; it can produce anti-active substances, and has a unique mechanism of biological oxygen capture, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria.
两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum)是人和动物肠道内的一种益生菌，既有维护肠道生态平衡、抗菌、增强免疫功能、抗肿瘤作用等多种生物学功能，在预防和治疗疾病和促进人体健康方面起着重要的作用。双歧杆菌在人体肠内发酵后可产生乳酸和醋酸，能提高钙、磷、铁的利用率，促进铁和维生素D的吸收。双歧杆菌的增殖可以改善肠道环境、抑制肠道有害细菌的生长、提高肌体免疫力，对预防便秘、防疾病、抗衰老有重要作用。Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bifidobacterium bifidum) is a kind of probiotics in human and animal intestines. and play an important role in promoting human health. Bifidobacteria can produce lactic acid and acetic acid after fermentation in the human intestine, which can improve the utilization rate of calcium, phosphorus and iron, and promote the absorption of iron and vitamin D. The proliferation of bifidobacteria can improve the intestinal environment, inhibit the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria, improve the body's immunity, and play an important role in preventing constipation, preventing diseases, and anti-aging.
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)，又称面包酵母或出芽酵母。在家禽饲料中加入酵母菌或其培养物，可以提高中种、肉禽的生产性能，改善粪便菌落，净增强机体免疫力。而且酿酒酵母能利用糖蜜、木材水解液等生产出人畜可食用的蛋白质，能调节动物肠道微生态平衡，提高饲料消化率，增强动物机体免疫力。酿酒酵母还能可以利用纤维质原料生产营养增富的发酵饲料，酵母不但可大幅提高饲料原料的蛋白质水平，酵母菌还含有丰富的酶类，如胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶等，消化率高，一般消化率可达80%～90%。酵母发酵饲料能促进微生物繁殖，提高消化率，促进增重，提高饲料报酬。而且，酵母可加强对营养物质的消化利用，促进畜禽生长，增进其食欲，增强抵抗疾病和抗应激的能力。Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as baker's yeast or budding yeast. Adding yeast or its cultures to poultry feed can improve the production performance of medium and broiler poultry, improve feces colonies, and enhance the body's immunity. Moreover, Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use molasses, wood hydrolyzate, etc. to produce edible protein for humans and animals, which can regulate the micro-ecological balance of the animal intestines, improve feed digestibility, and enhance animal immunity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can also use fiber raw materials to produce nutrient-enriched fermented feed. Yeast can not only greatly increase the protein level of feed materials, but also contains rich enzymes, such as pepsin, amylase, etc., with high digestibility. The digestibility can reach 80% to 90%. Yeast fermented feed can promote microbial reproduction, improve digestibility, promote weight gain, and increase feed remuneration. Moreover, yeast can strengthen the digestion and utilization of nutrients, promote the growth of livestock and poultry, increase their appetite, and enhance the ability to resist diseases and stress.
本发明所述的混合酶中，米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)是一种好气性真菌，是一类产复合酶的菌株，除产蛋白酶外，还可产淀粉酶、糖化酶、纤维素酶、植酸酶等。在淀粉酶的作用下，将原料中的直链、支链淀粉降解为糊精及各种低分子糖类，如麦芽糖、葡萄糖等；在蛋白酶的作用下，将不易消化的大分子蛋白质降解为蛋白胨、多肽及各种氨基酸，而且可以使辅料中粗纤维、植酸等难吸收的物质降解，提高营养价值、保健功效和消化率。将米曲霉作为霉菌之一进行发酵饲料，不仅能提高发酵的效率，而且能使发酵后饲料有一股淡淡的酒香味，动物更爱吃。In the mixed enzyme described in the present invention, Aspergillus oryzae is a kind of aerobic fungus, is a kind of bacterial strain that produces compound enzyme, in addition to producing protease, also can produce amylase, glucoamylase, cellulase, plant Acidase, etc. Under the action of amylase, the straight chain and amylopectin in the raw material are degraded into dextrin and various low molecular sugars, such as maltose, glucose, etc.; under the action of protease, the indigestible macromolecular protein is degraded into Peptone, polypeptide and various amino acids, and can degrade crude fiber, phytic acid and other difficult-to-absorb substances in auxiliary materials, and improve nutritional value, health care efficacy and digestibility. Fermenting feed with Aspergillus oryzae as one of the molds can not only improve the efficiency of fermentation, but also make the fermented feed have a faint wine aroma, which animals love to eat more.
黑曲霉( Aspergillus niger) ,半知菌亚门，丝孢纲，丝孢目，丛梗孢科，曲霉属真菌中的一个常见种。将黑曲霉用于发酵饲料，在发酵过程中，黑曲霉通过微生物自身的生命活动，使饲料内所含的有毒有害物质被降解而脱除，从而大大提高了饲料的安全性；黑曲霉能分解饲料中的大分子糖类为单糖和寡糖,并生成多种有机酸、维生素、生物酶、未知生长因子，大大提高了发酵饲料的营养水平和消化吸收率,将黑曲霉用于发酵饲料，能使饲料解毒脱毒，大大提高饲料的安全性，而且在发酵的过程中会产生淡淡的香味，从而增加了动物的适口性；发酵过程中还能生成多种有机酸、维生素、生物酶、氨基酸及其他多种未知生长因子，大大提高了发酵饲料的营养水平和消化利用率；提高动物的抵抗力，降低饲料成本。Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), a common species in the subphylum Deuteromycota, Hyphospora, Hyphospora, Polygonaceae, and the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus niger is used in fermented feed. During the fermentation process, Aspergillus niger degrades and removes the toxic and harmful substances contained in the feed through the life activities of the microorganism itself, thereby greatly improving the safety of the feed; Aspergillus niger can decompose The macromolecular sugars in the feed are monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, and produce a variety of organic acids, vitamins, biological enzymes, and unknown growth factors, which greatly improve the nutritional level and digestion and absorption rate of fermented feed. Aspergillus niger is used in fermented feed , can detoxify the feed, greatly improve the safety of the feed, and produce a light fragrance during the fermentation process, thereby increasing the palatability of the animals; during the fermentation process, various organic acids, vitamins, and biological enzymes can also be produced , amino acids and other unknown growth factors, greatly improving the nutritional level and digestibility of fermented feed; improving animal resistance and reducing feed costs.
胰淀粉酶（pancreaticamylase）是由胰腺分泌的一种水解酶，是作用于可溶性淀粉、直链淀粉、糖原等α-1,4-葡聚糖，水解α-1,4-糖苷键的酶。属于α-淀粉酶的一种。胰淀粉酶能将淀粉水解成麦芽糖和葡萄糖。在发酵过程中能将原料中的直链、支链淀粉降解为糊精及各种低分子糖类，如麦芽糖、葡萄糖等，提高了发酵饲料的营养水平和消化吸收率, 增加了动物的适口性，促进消化吸收，提高饲料利用率。Pancreaticamylase is a hydrolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas. It is an enzyme that acts on α-1,4-glucans such as soluble starch, amylose, and glycogen, and hydrolyzes α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. . Belongs to a kind of α-amylase. Pancreatic amylase can hydrolyze starch into maltose and glucose. During the fermentation process, the linear and amylopectin in the raw material can be degraded into dextrin and various low-molecular sugars, such as maltose, glucose, etc., which improves the nutritional level and digestion and absorption rate of fermented feed, and increases the palatability of animals. Sex, promote digestion and absorption, improve feed utilization.
绿色木霉，菌丝纤细无色，具分隔，多分枝；拉丁学名为Trich0derma viride，在自然界分布广泛，常腐生于木材、种子及植物残体上。绿色木霉是所产纤维素酶活性最高的菌株之一，所产生的纤维素酶对作物有降解作用，效果非常好，绿色木霉能产生多种具有生物活性的酶系，如：纤维素酶等。木霉具有较强分解纤维素能力，绿色木霉通常能够产生高度活性的纤维素酶，对纤维素的分解能力很强。而巨菌草中含有大量的纤维素，使用绿色木霉菌，可以在发酵过程中降解甘蔗渣纤维。Trichoderma viride, slender and colorless mycelium, septated, multi-branched; Latin name Trich0derma viride, widely distributed in nature, often saprophytic on wood, seeds and plant residues. Trichoderma viride is one of the strains with the highest cellulase activity. The cellulase produced has a very good effect on the degradation of crops. Trichoderma viride can produce a variety of enzymes with biological activity, such as: cellulose enzymes, etc. Trichoderma has a strong ability to decompose cellulose, and Trichoderma viride can usually produce highly active cellulase, which has a strong ability to decompose cellulose. And Jujuncao contains a lot of cellulose, using Trichoderma viride, can degrade bagasse fiber during fermentation.
本发明采用的混合酶是米曲霉、黑曲霉、胰淀粉酶和绿色木霉按照2:1:2:1.5的重量比例混合得到的。采用该混合酶对巨菌草能起到很好的发酵作用，而且采用该混合酶对巨菌草进行二次发酵，能够大大提高发酵的效率。The mixed enzyme used in the present invention is obtained by mixing Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, pancreatic amylase and Trichoderma viride in a weight ratio of 2:1:2:1.5. The use of the mixed enzyme can play a good fermentation effect on the giant fungus grass, and the use of the mixed enzyme to carry out secondary fermentation on the giant fungus grass can greatly improve the fermentation efficiency.
本发明采用的发酵菌对巨菌草起到很好的发酵作用，巨菌草中含有大量的纤维素，发酵菌中的微生物在生长繁殖过程中利用纤维质原料生产营养增富的发酵饲料，在高效分解因子的作用下，将巨菌草里的粗纤维、木质素、通过生物生化的作用，把畜禽不能吸收的高分子碳水化合物转化成可吸收利用的低分碳水化合物；发酵菌里的多种有益菌群能大量吸取畜禽难以利用的有机氮、无机氮，使之转化成营养成份较高的菌体蛋白质；发酵剂中的有益菌种在发酵中能产生大量蛋白酶、纤维素分解酶等，能降解植物性饲料中复杂的有机物，从而促进消化吸收，提高饲料利用率；有益菌群在畜禽肠胃里，增强了免疫力，减少疾病发生。通过使用发酵菌对巨菌草进行发酵转化处理，巨菌草粗纤维含量比不发酵成倍降低，粗蛋白含量比不发酵成倍提高。The fermenting bacteria adopted in the present invention have a good fermentation effect on the giant juncture. The giant juncture contains a large amount of cellulose, and the microorganisms in the fermenting bacteria use the cellulose raw materials to produce nutrient-enriched fermented feed during the growth and reproduction process. Under the action of high-efficiency decomposition factors, the crude fiber and lignin in giant fungus grass are biochemically converted into high-molecular carbohydrates that cannot be absorbed by livestock and poultry into low-fraction carbohydrates that can be absorbed and utilized; A variety of beneficial bacteria can absorb a large amount of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen that are difficult for livestock and poultry to convert into bacterial protein with high nutritional content; the beneficial bacteria in the starter can produce a large amount of protease and cellulose during fermentation Decomposing enzymes, etc., can degrade complex organic matter in plant feed, thereby promoting digestion and absorption, and improving feed utilization; beneficial bacteria in the intestines and stomachs of livestock and poultry enhance immunity and reduce disease occurrence. By using fermentation bacteria to ferment and transform Jujuncao, the crude fiber content of Jujuncao is doubled compared with that without fermentation, and the crude protein content is doubled compared with that without fermentation.
而且，巨菌草经过采用发酵菌进行一次发酵后，还添加混合酶进行二次发酵，经过混合酶的二次发酵进一步的分解了巨菌草中的纤维素，从而提供可被吸收的养料；大大提高了发酵饲料的营养水平和消化吸收率, 增加了动物的适口性；而且发酵后得到的饲料中含有的混合酶用于喂牛或羊后，进入畜禽的肠道中，能改善胃肠机能，有效抑制畜禽肠道中病原菌的繁殖，提高机体免疫力，降低发病率和死亡率。Moreover, after the first fermentation of Jujuncao with fermentation bacteria, mixed enzymes are added for secondary fermentation, and the second fermentation of mixed enzymes further decomposes the cellulose in Jujuncao, thereby providing absorbable nutrients; It greatly improves the nutrient level and digestion and absorption rate of fermented feed, and increases the palatability of animals; and the mixed enzyme contained in the fermented feed is used to feed cattle or sheep, enters the intestinal tract of livestock and poultry, and can improve gastrointestinal tract. Function, effectively inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of livestock and poultry, improve the body's immunity, and reduce morbidity and mortality.
本发明产生的有益效果是：The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are:
1、巨菌草一直以来都未能很好利用，只是作为燃料或造纸原料，造成了资源的大量浪费。本发明采用巨菌草进行发酵生产牛羊及草食动物饲料，属于草料再利用项目，不对外排放废渣，绿色环保；巨菌草中含有大量的纤维素，在发酵过程中，发酵菌中的微生物在生长繁殖过程中利用纤维质原料生产出营养增富的发酵饲料，经过发酵后的巨菌草，粗纤维可以降解，粗蛋白可以提高，其营养价值得到了更进一步提高。1. Jujungrass has not been well utilized for a long time, it is only used as a fuel or a raw material for papermaking, resulting in a large waste of resources. The present invention adopts Jujuncao to ferment and produce feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores, which belongs to the forage recycling project, does not discharge waste residue, and is green and environmentally friendly; Jujuncao contains a large amount of cellulose, and during the fermentation process, the microorganisms in the fermentation bacteria In the process of growth and reproduction, nutrient-enriched fermented feed is produced by using fibrous raw materials. After fermentation, the crude fiber can be degraded, the crude protein can be increased, and its nutritional value has been further improved.
2、本发明制备得到的牛羊及草食动物饲料不含有化学抗生素类药物，安全环保，利用巨菌草进行发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料，巨菌草中含有的大量纤维素得到了分解，粗纤维含量降低，发酵后的饲料粗蛋白含量得到了提高,而且通过发酵，有效地将饲料分解、转化为动物容易消化吸收的葡萄糖、氨基酸等小分子物质，从而提高饲料的营养价值和利用转化率，同时在发酵过程中，有效地抑制饲料上附着的有害杂菌和病原微生物，提高饲料品质。2. The feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores prepared by the present invention does not contain chemical antibiotics, and is safe and environmentally friendly. The feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores is prepared by fermenting Jujuncao, and a large amount of cellulose contained in Jujuncao has been decomposed. The crude fiber content is reduced, the crude protein content of the fermented feed is increased, and through fermentation, the feed is effectively decomposed and converted into small molecular substances such as glucose and amino acids that are easily digested and absorbed by animals, thereby improving the nutritional value and utilization of the feed. At the same time, during the fermentation process, it can effectively inhibit the harmful bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms attached to the feed, and improve the quality of the feed.
3、本发明巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，加工制作方法简单，经过二次发酵后制备得到的饲料营养物质丰富、有淡淡的酒香味、提高了牛羊及草食动物的食欲。在发酵过程中添加了发酵菌和混合酶，发酵饲料中的有益微生物在动物体内和发酵饲料过程中，产生大量的动物生长发育、生理活动所必需的消化酶、有机酸及促生长因子，帮助机体对所采食的所有落差物质进行消化吸收，促进体内的有机合成和正常的生理代谢，从而促进生长发育，提高日增重和饲料报酬。本发明制备得到的饲料中所含的有益微生物能够加强牛羊对营养物质的消化利用，促进牛羊的生长，改善胃肠机能，增进其食欲，有效抑制畜禽肠道中病原菌的繁殖，增强了免疫力，提高了抵抗疾病的能力，减少疾病发生。3. The method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting giant fungus grass of the present invention has simple processing and production methods, and the feed prepared after secondary fermentation is rich in nutrients, has a faint wine fragrance, and improves the health of cattle, sheep and herbivores. appetite. Fermentative bacteria and mixed enzymes are added during the fermentation process. The beneficial microorganisms in the fermented feed produce a large amount of digestive enzymes, organic acids and growth-promoting factors necessary for animal growth and physiological activities in the animal body and during the fermented feed process. The body digests and absorbs all the nutrients it eats, promotes organic synthesis and normal physiological metabolism in the body, thereby promoting growth and development, increasing daily weight gain and feed remuneration. The beneficial microorganisms contained in the feed prepared by the invention can strengthen the digestion and utilization of nutrients by cattle and sheep, promote the growth of cattle and sheep, improve gastrointestinal function, increase their appetite, effectively inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract of livestock and poultry, and enhance the Immunity improves the ability to resist diseases and reduces the occurrence of diseases.
4、本发明所采用的发酵菌先经过菌种的扩大培养，大大提高了菌种的数量，提高了发酵效率，而且菌种扩大培养所用的培养基也是一种很好的营养成分，一起用于发酵制备饲料能提高饲料的营养成分。4, the fermenting bacteria that the present invention adopts first passes through the expanded culture of bacterial classification, has greatly improved the quantity of bacterial classification, has improved fermentation efficiency, and the used substratum of bacterial classification expanded cultivation is also a kind of good nutritional labeling, uses together Preparation of feed by fermentation can improve the nutritional content of the feed.
5、本发明除了采用的巨菌草为原料外还采用了糖蜜、木瓜皮、菠萝皮等原料，糖蜜含有较高的糖分含量，适口性好，木瓜皮中含有木瓜蛋白酶，菠萝皮中含有菠萝蛋白酶，可以进一步的促进发酵的进行，而且木瓜皮和菠萝皮本身也是很好的饲料原料，将其与巨菌草一起发酵，不仅变废为宝，还能大大丰富了饲料的营养。5. The present invention also uses molasses, papaya peel, pineapple peel and other raw materials in addition to the giant fungus used as raw material. The molasses contains higher sugar content and has good palatability. The papaya peel contains papain, and the pineapple peel contains pineapple Protease can further promote the fermentation, and papaya peel and pineapple peel are also good feed ingredients. Fermenting them together with Jujuncao not only turns waste into treasure, but also greatly enriches the nutrition of the feed.
6、本发明发酵饲料的原料还加入了微量元素，可以促进牛羊等动物生长发育过程中对于微量物质的需求，同时，微量元素又会及时补充各种主原料中微量元素不稳定的缺陷，有效提高肥料利用率，安全、有机、环保；而且加入微量元素还能与乳酸菌进行螯合，促进动物对微量元素的吸收。6. The raw material of the fermented feed of the present invention also adds trace elements, which can promote the demand for trace substances in the growth and development of animals such as cattle and sheep. At the same time, the trace elements will timely supplement the unstable defects of trace elements in various main materials, Effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, safe, organic, and environmentally friendly; and the addition of trace elements can also chelate with lactic acid bacteria to promote the absorption of trace elements by animals.
7、本发明利用巨菌草发酵生产牛羊及草食动物饲料，实现了巨菌草低成本、无二次污染的综合利用，生产过程中不产生“三废”，为巨菌草的综合利用又开辟了一条新的途径，而且本发明所用的各个原料来源广泛、价格低廉，将其发酵加工为牛羊等动物的饲料，变废为宝，大大降低了生产成本，不但提高了企业的经济效益，还为畜牧业提供了大量的饲料资源，提高了经济效益和社会效益，对草业、畜牧业、饲料行业以及环境可持续发展方面都具有极其重要的意义。7. The present invention utilizes Jujuncao to ferment to produce feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores, realizing the comprehensive utilization of Jujuncao at low cost and without secondary pollution, and does not produce "three wastes" in the production process, which is another important step for the comprehensive utilization of Jujuncao. A new approach has been opened up, and various raw materials used in the present invention have a wide range of sources and low prices, and can be fermented and processed into feed for animals such as cattle and sheep, turning waste into treasure, greatly reducing production costs, and not only improving the economic benefits of the enterprise , It also provides a large amount of feed resources for animal husbandry, improves economic and social benefits, and is of great significance to grass industry, animal husbandry, feed industry and sustainable development of the environment.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例1Example 1
一种巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting Jujuncao, comprising the following steps:
（1）从种植地运回来的巨菌草经过粉碎处理后，待用；(1) The Jujuncao brought back from the planting place is crushed and ready for use;
（2）将发酵菌进行扩大培养，所述的发酵菌是乳酸菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌、两歧双歧杆菌按照3:1:2:1的重量比例混合得到的；（扩大培养所用的培养基的组成为：5%木薯淀粉，1%葡萄糖，0.1%尿素，大豆蛋白胨0.3%， 0.008%MgSO4·7H2O, 0.005%FeSO4·7H2O ,0.03% K2HPO4·3H2O ；0.1%复合维生素；10％胡萝卜汁；培养方法为：将菌种接种于种子发酵罐中，种子发酵罐发酵条件：温度30℃，pH 7.0，接种量7%，搅拌速度240r/min，通气量为6L/min，发酵时间55h。）扩大培养后，与糖蜜混合均匀，得到混合溶液，然后将步骤（1）中的巨菌草和混合溶液混合，并加入花生粕、非蛋白氮、食盐和微量元素，用搅拌机搅拌均匀，得到发酵料，其含水量为50～70%；(2) Expanding the culture of the fermenting bacteria, which is obtained by mixing lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bifidobacterium bifidum in a weight ratio of 3:1:2:1; (used in the expanding culture The composition of the culture medium is: 5% tapioca starch, 1% glucose, 0.1% urea, 0.3% soybean peptone, 0.008% MgSO4 ·7H2 O, 0.005% FeSO4 ·7H2 O , 0.03% K2 HPO4 · 3H2 O ; 0.1% multivitamin; 10% carrot juice; the culture method is: inoculate the strain in the seed fermentation tank, the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank: temperature 30 ℃, pH 7.0, inoculum size 7%, stirring speed 240r/ min, the ventilation rate is 6L/min, and the fermentation time is 55h.) After expanding the culture, mix it with molasses evenly to obtain a mixed solution, then mix the giant juncao in step (1) with the mixed solution, and add peanut meal, non-protein Nitrogen, salt and trace elements are stirred evenly with a mixer to obtain a fermented material with a water content of 50-70%;
（3）将步骤（2）中得到的发酵料装入包装袋中，将袋口封紧，置于35℃下发酵10天；(3) Put the fermented material obtained in step (2) into a packaging bag, seal the bag tightly, and ferment at 35°C for 10 days;
（4）在步骤（3）得到的物料中加入混合酶和切碎后的木瓜皮及菠萝皮混合均匀，于40℃下，密闭发酵3天后，制得饲料。所述的混合酶是米曲霉、黑曲霉、胰淀粉酶和绿色木霉按照2:1:2:1.5的重量比例混合得到的。(4) Add mixed enzyme and chopped papaya peel and pineapple peel to the material obtained in step (3), mix evenly, and ferment in airtight at 40° C. for 3 days to prepare the feed. The mixed enzyme is obtained by mixing Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, pancreatic amylase and Trichoderma viride in a weight ratio of 2:1:2:1.5.
上述的巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，制备该饲料所用的各个原料的重量份数如下：巨菌草50份；发酵菌5份；糖蜜6份；花生粕10份；磷酸脲0.4份；食盐0.5份；微量元素1份；混合酶0.7份；木瓜皮8份；菠萝皮7份；所述的微量元素是由锰、锌、铁和钙组成，锰选自甘氨酸锰，锌选自氧化锌，铁选自柠檬酸铁，钙选自碘酸钙。The above-mentioned method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting the above-mentioned Jujuncao, the parts by weight of each raw material used to prepare the feed are as follows: 50 parts of Jujuncao; 5 parts of fermentation bacteria; 6 parts of molasses; 10 parts of peanut meal; 0.4 part of urea; 0.5 part of table salt; 1 part of trace element; 0.7 part of mixed enzyme; 8 parts of papaya peel; Zinc is selected from zinc oxide, iron is selected from ferric citrate, and calcium is selected from calcium iodate.
实施例2Example 2
一种巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting Jujuncao, comprising the following steps:
（1）从种植地运回来的巨菌草经过粉碎处理后，待用；(1) The Jujuncao brought back from the planting place is crushed and ready for use;
（2）将发酵菌进行扩大培养，所述的发酵菌是乳酸菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌、两歧双歧杆菌按照3:1:2:1的重量比例混合得到的；（扩大培养所用的培养基的组成为：6%木薯淀粉，1.5%葡萄糖，0.1%尿素，大豆蛋白胨0.3%， 0.008%MgSO4·7H2O, 0.005%FeSO4·7H2O, 0.03% K2HPO4·3H2O ；0.2%复合维生素；10％胡萝卜汁；培养方法为：将菌种接种于种子发酵罐中，种子发酵罐发酵条件：温度30℃，pH 8.0，接种量7%，搅拌速度240r/min，通气量为6L/min，发酵时间55h。）扩大培养后，与糖蜜混合均匀，得到混合溶液，然后将步骤（1）中的巨菌草和混合溶液混合，并加入粮食饲料、非蛋白氮、食盐和微量元素，用搅拌机搅拌均匀，得到发酵料，其含水量为50～70%；(2) Expanding the culture of the fermenting bacteria, which is obtained by mixing lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bifidobacterium bifidum in a weight ratio of 3:1:2:1; (used in the expanding culture The composition of the culture medium is: 6% tapioca starch, 1.5% glucose, 0.1% urea, 0.3% soybean peptone, 0.008%MgSO4 ·7H2 O, 0.005%FeSO4 ·7H2 O, 0.03% K2 HPO4 · 3H2 O ; 0.2% multivitamins; 10% carrot juice; the culture method is: inoculate the strains in the seed fermentation tank, the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank: temperature 30 ℃, pH 8.0, inoculum size 7%, stirring speed 240r/ min, the ventilation rate is 6L/min, and the fermentation time is 55h.) After expanding the culture, mix it with molasses evenly to obtain a mixed solution, then mix the giant juncao in step (1) with the mixed solution, and add grain feed, non-protein Nitrogen, salt and trace elements are stirred evenly with a mixer to obtain a fermented material with a water content of 50-70%;
（3）将步骤（2）中得到的发酵料装入包装袋中，将袋口封紧，置于40℃下发酵8天；(3) Put the fermented material obtained in step (2) into a packaging bag, seal the mouth of the bag tightly, and ferment at 40°C for 8 days;
（4）在步骤（3）得到的物料中加入混合酶和切碎后的木瓜皮及菠萝皮混合均匀，于45℃下，密闭发酵2天后，制得饲料。所述的混合酶是米曲霉、黑曲霉、胰淀粉酶和绿色木霉按照2:1:2:1.5的重量比例混合得到的。(4) Add mixed enzyme and chopped papaya peel and pineapple peel to the material obtained in step (3), mix evenly, and ferment in airtight at 45° C. for 2 days to prepare feed. The mixed enzyme is obtained by mixing Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, pancreatic amylase and Trichoderma viride in a weight ratio of 2:1:2:1.5.
上述的巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，制备该饲料所用的各个原料的重量份数如下：巨菌草60份；发酵菌6份；糖蜜8份；粮食饲料13份；磷酸脲0.7份；食盐0.6份；微量元素1.5份；混合酶0.8份；木瓜皮9份；菠萝皮9份；所述的粮食饲料为小麦麸和玉米；所述的微量元素是由锰、锌、铁和钙组成，锰选自甘氨酸锰，锌选自氧化锌，铁选自柠檬酸铁，钙选自碘酸钙。The method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting the above-mentioned Jujuncao, the parts by weight of each raw material used to prepare the feed are as follows: 60 parts of Jujuncao; 6 parts of fermentation bacteria; 8 parts of molasses; 13 parts of grain feed; 0.7 part of urea; 0.6 part of salt; 1.5 parts of trace element; 0.8 part of mixed enzyme; 9 parts of papaya peel; 9 parts of pineapple peel; the grain feed is wheat bran and corn; Composed of iron and calcium, manganese is selected from manganese glycinate, zinc is selected from zinc oxide, iron is selected from ferric citrate, and calcium is selected from calcium iodate.
实施例3Example 3
一种巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting Jujuncao, comprising the following steps:
（1）从种植地运回来的巨菌草经过粉碎处理后，待用；(1) The Jujuncao brought back from the planting place is crushed and ready for use;
（2）将发酵菌进行扩大培养，所述的发酵菌是乳酸菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌、两歧双歧杆菌按照3:1:2:1的重量比例混合得到的；（扩大培养所用的培养基的组成为：7%木薯淀粉，2%葡萄糖，0.1%尿素，大豆蛋白胨0.3%， 0.008%MgSO4·7H2O, 0.005%FeSO4·7H2O ,0.03% K2HPO4·3H2O ；0.3%复合维生素；10％胡萝卜汁；培养方法为：将菌种接种于种子发酵罐中，种子发酵罐发酵条件：温度30℃，pH 7.0-8.0，接种量7%，搅拌速度240r/min，通气量为6L/min，发酵时间55h。）扩大培养后，与糖蜜混合均匀，得到混合溶液，然后将步骤（1）中的巨菌草和混合溶液混合，并加入粮食饲料、非蛋白氮、食盐和微量元素，用搅拌机搅拌均匀，得到发酵料，其含水量为50～70%；(2) Expanding the culture of the fermenting bacteria, which is obtained by mixing lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bifidobacterium bifidum in a weight ratio of 3:1:2:1; (used in the expanding culture The composition of the culture medium is: 7% tapioca starch, 2% glucose, 0.1% urea, 0.3% soybean peptone, 0.008% MgSO4 ·7H2 O, 0.005% FeSO4 ·7H2 O , 0.03% K2 HPO4 · 3H2 O ; 0.3% multivitamin; 10% carrot juice; the culture method is: inoculate the strain in the seed fermentation tank, the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank: temperature 30 ℃, pH 7.0-8.0, inoculation amount 7%, stirring speed 240r/min, the ventilation rate is 6L/min, and the fermentation time is 55h.) After expanding the cultivation, mix it with molasses evenly to obtain a mixed solution, then mix the giant fungus grass in step (1) with the mixed solution, and add grain feed, Non-protein nitrogen, salt and trace elements are stirred evenly with a mixer to obtain a fermented material with a water content of 50-70%;
（3）将步骤（2）中得到的发酵料装入包装袋中，将袋口封紧，置于38℃下发酵9天；(3) Put the fermented material obtained in step (2) into a packaging bag, seal the bag tightly, and ferment at 38°C for 9 days;
（4）在步骤（3）得到的物料中加入混合酶和切碎后的木瓜皮及菠萝皮混合均匀，于42℃下，密闭发酵2.5天后，制得饲料。所述的混合酶是米曲霉、黑曲霉、胰淀粉酶和绿色木霉按照2:1:2:1.5的重量比例混合得到的。(4) Add mixed enzyme and chopped papaya peel and pineapple peel to the material obtained in step (3), mix evenly, and ferment in airtight at 42° C. for 2.5 days to prepare feed. The mixed enzyme is obtained by mixing Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, pancreatic amylase and Trichoderma viride in a weight ratio of 2:1:2:1.5.
上述的巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，制备该饲料所用的各个原料的重量份数如下：巨菌草65份；发酵菌8 份；糖蜜10份；粮食饲料15份；磷酸脲1份；食盐0.7份；微量元素2份；混合酶1.0份；木瓜皮10份；菠萝皮12份；所述的粮食饲料为薯粉、米糠和花生粕；所述的微量元素是由锰、锌、铁和钙组成，锰选自甘氨酸锰，锌选自氧化锌，铁选自柠檬酸铁，钙选自碘酸钙。The method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting the above-mentioned Jujuncao, the parts by weight of each raw material used to prepare the feed are as follows: 65 parts of Jujuncao; 8 parts of fermentation bacteria; 10 parts of molasses; 15 parts of grain feed; 1 part of urea; 0.7 part of table salt; 2 parts of trace elements; 1.0 part of mixed enzyme; 10 parts of papaya peel; 12 parts of pineapple peel; , zinc, iron and calcium, manganese is selected from manganese glycinate, zinc is selected from zinc oxide, iron is selected from ferric citrate, and calcium is selected from calcium iodate.
实施例4：Example 4:
一种巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting Jujuncao, comprising the following steps:
（1）从种植地运回来的巨菌草经过粉碎处理后，待用；(1) The Jujuncao brought back from the planting place is crushed and ready for use;
（2）将发酵菌进行扩大培养，所述的发酵菌是乳酸菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌、两歧双歧杆菌按照3:1:2:1的重量比例混合得到的；（扩大培养所用的培养基的组成为：6%木薯淀粉， 2%葡萄糖，0.1%尿素，大豆蛋白胨0.3%， 0.008%MgSO4·7H2O, 0.005%FeSO4·7H2O ,0.03% K2HPO4·3H2O；0.15%复合维生素；10％胡萝卜汁；培养方法为：将菌种接种于种子发酵罐中，种子发酵罐发酵条件：温度30℃，pH 7.0-8.0，接种量7%，搅拌速度240r/min，通气量为6L/min，发酵时间55h。）扩大培养后，与糖蜜混合均匀，得到混合溶液，然后将步骤（1）中的巨菌草和混合溶液混合，并加入粮食饲料、非蛋白氮、食盐和微量元素，用搅拌机搅拌均匀，得到发酵料，其含水量为50～70%；(2) Expanding the culture of the fermenting bacteria, which is obtained by mixing lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bifidobacterium bifidum in a weight ratio of 3:1:2:1; (used in the expanding culture The composition of the culture medium is: 6% tapioca starch, 2% glucose, 0.1% urea, 0.3% soybean peptone, 0.008% MgSO4 ·7H2 O, 0.005% FeSO4 ·7H2 O , 0.03% K2 HPO4 · 3H2 O; 0.15% multivitamins; 10% carrot juice; the culture method is: inoculate the strains in the seed fermentation tank, the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank: temperature 30 ℃, pH 7.0-8.0, inoculation amount 7%, stirring speed 240r/min, the ventilation rate is 6L/min, and the fermentation time is 55h.) After expanding the cultivation, mix it with molasses evenly to obtain a mixed solution, then mix the giant fungus grass in step (1) with the mixed solution, and add grain feed, Non-protein nitrogen, salt and trace elements are stirred evenly with a mixer to obtain a fermented material with a water content of 50-70%;
（3）将步骤（2）中得到的发酵料装入包装袋中，将袋口封紧，置于40℃下发酵9天；(3) Put the fermented material obtained in step (2) into a packaging bag, seal the bag tightly, and ferment at 40°C for 9 days;
（4）在步骤（3）得到的物料中加入混合酶和切碎后的木瓜皮及菠萝皮混合均匀，于40℃下，密闭发酵2天后，制得饲料。所述的混合酶是米曲霉、黑曲霉、胰淀粉酶和绿色木霉按照2:1:2:1.5的重量比例混合得到的。(4) Add mixed enzyme and chopped papaya peel and pineapple peel to the material obtained in step (3), mix evenly, and ferment in airtight at 40° C. for 2 days to prepare feed. The mixed enzyme is obtained by mixing Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, pancreatic amylase and Trichoderma viride in a weight ratio of 2:1:2:1.5.
上述的巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法，制备该饲料所用的各个原料的重量份数如下：巨菌草60份；发酵菌7 份；糖蜜9份；粮食饲料11份；磷酸脲0.8份；食盐0.6份；微量元素1.6份；混合酶0.8份；木瓜皮10份；菠萝皮8份；所述的粮食饲料包括小麦麸、玉米、薯粉、米糠和花生粕；所述的微量元素是由锰、锌、铁和钙组成，锰选自甘氨酸锰，锌选自氧化锌，铁选自柠檬酸铁，钙选自碘酸钙。The method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting the above-mentioned Jujuncao, the parts by weight of each raw material used to prepare the feed are as follows: 60 parts of Jujuncao; 7 parts of fermentation bacteria; 9 parts of molasses; 11 parts of grain feed; 0.8 parts of urea; 0.6 parts of salt; 1.6 parts of trace elements; 0.8 parts of mixed enzymes; 10 parts of papaya peels; 8 parts of pineapple peels; The trace elements are composed of manganese, zinc, iron and calcium, the manganese is selected from manganese glycinate, the zinc is selected from zinc oxide, the iron is selected from ferric citrate, and the calcium is selected from calcium iodate.
饲喂试验：Feeding test:
(1)试验材料 (1) Test material
试验组：选用实施例中所制得的饲料： Test group: select the feed that makes in the embodiment for use:
对照组：用常规饲料饲喂，有以下重量份数的原料组成：玉米秸秆青贮20份，玉米面6斤，预混料1.0斤，豆粕4份，糖蜜3份，稻草10份。Control group: fed with conventional feed, consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of corn stalk silage, 6 catties of cornmeal, 1.0 catties of premix, 4 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of molasses, and 10 parts of straw.
供试羊：抽取200只羊，每只羊的体重为30斤左右。Sheep for test: 200 sheep were selected, and the weight of each sheep was about 30 catties.
(2)试验方法(2) Test method
将200头羊随机分成2组，每组100头羊。200 sheep were randomly divided into 2 groups with 100 sheep in each group.
试验组和对照组分别测量初始体重，实验结束测量末期体重，记录饲料消耗量、发病率以及计算平均日增重，均为自由采食，试验期75天。The initial body weight of the test group and the control group were measured respectively, and the final body weight was measured at the end of the experiment. Feed consumption, morbidity and average daily weight gain were recorded, all of which were fed ad libitum. The test period was 75 days.
（3）实验结果如下表1所示：(3) The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below:
试验结果表明，采用本发明巨菌草发酵制备牛羊及草食动物饲料的方法制备得到的饲料用于喂羊，与平时喂羊所用的常规饲料相比，食用本发明饲料的羊增重速度较快，发病率低。采用本发明饲料进行喂养，不仅可以达到羊理想的日增重效果，且能保证羊的健康生长，羊喜欢食用本发明研制的饲料，得到的羊肉质量也好。The test results show that the feed prepared by the method for preparing cattle, sheep and herbivorous animal feed by fermenting the giant fungus grass of the present invention is used to feed sheep, and compared with the conventional feed used for feeding sheep at ordinary times, the weight gain rate of sheep eating the feed of the present invention is faster Fast, low morbidity. Adopting the feed of the invention for feeding can not only achieve the ideal daily weight gain effect of the sheep, but also ensure the healthy growth of the sheep. The sheep like to eat the feed developed by the invention, and the quality of the obtained mutton is also good.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020509.6ACN106879821A (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting Jujuncao |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020509.6ACN106879821A (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting Jujuncao |
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| CN106879821Atrue CN106879821A (en) | 2017-06-23 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710020509.6APendingCN106879821A (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | Method for preparing feed for cattle, sheep and herbivores by fermenting Jujuncao |
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