技术领域technical field
本发明属于超硬磨料工具制作领域，具体涉及一种新型钎料钎焊单层立方氮化硼砂轮的制作方法。The invention belongs to the field of making superhard abrasive tools, and in particular relates to a method for making a novel brazing single-layer cubic boron nitride grinding wheel.
背景技术Background technique
随着科技的发展，大量高韧性金属材料、淬火钢的加工越来越多，因此对加工工具的提出了较高的要求，采用立方氮化硼的砂轮等进行磨削加工是非常重要的一类加工方法。立方氮化硼磨料因其具有高硬度、高耐磨性、高导热性、耐高温性能良好、对铁族金属呈惰性等优异的机械性能而被广泛应用于制作超硬磨料工具。目前，在立方氮化硼工具制作领域，钎焊技术可实现立方氮化硼、结合剂和金属基体界面间良好的化学冶金结合，被广泛应用于制作钎焊单层立方氮化硼砂轮。立方氮化硼工具对钎料具有很高的工艺要求：①为使钎料对立方氮化硼呈现良好的润湿性，钎料中应含有Ti、Al等合金元素，这些元素能够与立方氮化硼进行界面反应形成氮化物、硼化物，提高了钎料对立方氮化硼的润湿性；②钎料应具有适中的强度、硬度、耐磨性，可以实现立方氮化硼磨粒在磨削加工过程中的实时出露。③由于金属材料的加工会产生大量的磨削热，钎料应具有较高的高温性能。高熵合金是一种以多种组元为基的合金，其微观组织大多为固溶体，由于具有多种元素的固溶强化，其硬度、强度较高，而固溶体具有较高的韧性，在含有一定的活性元素后适于钎焊立方氮化硼。With the development of science and technology, a large number of high-toughness metal materials and quenched steel are processed more and more, so higher requirements are put forward for processing tools. It is very important to use cubic boron nitride grinding wheels for grinding processing. class processing method. Cubic boron nitride abrasives are widely used in the production of superabrasive tools because of their excellent mechanical properties such as high hardness, high wear resistance, high thermal conductivity, good high temperature resistance, and inertness to iron group metals. At present, in the field of cubic boron nitride tool production, brazing technology can achieve good chemical metallurgical bonding between cubic boron nitride, binder and metal matrix interface, and is widely used in the production of brazed single-layer cubic boron nitride grinding wheels. Cubic boron nitride tools have high technological requirements for solder: ① In order to make the solder exhibit good wettability to cubic boron nitride, the solder should contain alloying elements such as Ti and Al, which can combine with cubic nitrogen Boron reacts at the interface to form nitrides and borides, which improves the wettability of the brazing filler metal to cubic boron nitride; ②The brazing filler metal should have moderate strength, hardness, and wear resistance, so that cubic boron nitride abrasive grains can be Real-time exposure during the grinding process. ③ Since the processing of metal materials will generate a large amount of grinding heat, the solder should have higher high temperature performance. High-entropy alloy is an alloy based on various components, and its microstructure is mostly solid solution. Due to the solid solution strengthening of various elements, its hardness and strength are high, while solid solution has high toughness. Certain active elements are suitable for brazing cubic boron nitride.
本发明采用Ni-Cr-B-Si，Cu粉，Al粉，Ti粉、Co粉经球磨混合制成的高熵合金粉末作为钎料，钎料成分调控容易，成本低。该钎料在钎焊后表现出适中的硬度，可以使立方氮化硼在砂轮使用过程中始终保持良好的出露高度，有利于提高工具的使用寿命。该多主元高熵合金在钎焊后形成固溶体，并通过添加活性元素Al、Ti来提高钎料对立方氮化硼的润湿性，使得钎料、立方氮化硼、钢基体获得很强的结合力，钎料对立方氮化硼把持力高。Co、Cu、Ni等元素可以良好的互溶，并且通过调控其含量，能够改变钎焊温度、高温性能使其适于钎焊立方氮化硼，高熵合金的钎料层具有良好的韧性、塑性，较低钎焊残余应力，延长使用寿命。The invention uses Ni-Cr-B-Si, Cu powder, Al powder, Ti powder, Co powder and high entropy alloy powder mixed by ball milling as brazing filler metal, the brazing filler metal composition is easy to control, and the cost is low. The solder exhibits moderate hardness after brazing, which can keep the cubic boron nitride at a good exposed height during the use of the grinding wheel, and is beneficial to improve the service life of the tool. The multi-principal element high-entropy alloy forms a solid solution after brazing, and the wettability of the brazing filler metal to cubic boron nitride is improved by adding active elements Al and Ti, so that the brazing filler metal, cubic boron nitride, and steel matrix obtain a strong Excellent binding force, the solder has a high holding force on cubic boron nitride. Co, Cu, Ni and other elements can dissolve well, and by adjusting their content, the brazing temperature and high temperature performance can be changed to make it suitable for brazing cubic boron nitride. The brazing filler metal layer of high-entropy alloy has good toughness and plasticity , Lower brazing residual stress, prolong service life.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是在提高钎料对立方氮化硼磨料的把持强度的同时，钎料具有较好的韧性和强度，使单层立方氮化硼砂轮适于对高韧性材料和淬火钢等的高效加工。因立方氮化硼磨料的难以润湿，选择含Ti、Al的高熵合金作为钎料对立方氮化硼进行钎焊，该钎料含有一定的活性元素Ti、Al，不仅可以与立方氮化硼进行界面反应，两种活性元素与立方氮化硼反应能够形成TiN、TiB、AlN等化合物，这些反应能够促进钎料对立方氮化硼磨粒的润湿性，提高钎料对磨粒的把持强度，而且高熵合金由于多组元的协同扩散导致有效扩散速度较慢，能够使立方氮化硼与钎料的界面反应适中，本发明的高熵合金由于含有多种不同熔点的金属粉，能够在加热过程逐步实现合金化，最后达到高熵合金，具有硬度、耐磨性适中的特点。The purpose of the present invention is to improve the holding strength of the brazing filler metal to cubic boron nitride abrasives, while the brazing filler metal has better toughness and strength, so that the single-layer cubic boron nitride grinding wheel is suitable for high toughness materials and hardened steel etc. Efficient processing. Due to the difficulty of wettability of cubic boron nitride abrasives, high-entropy alloys containing Ti and Al are selected as brazing filler metals to braze cubic boron nitride. The brazing filler metals contain certain active elements Ti and Al, which can not only Boron reacts at the interface, and the two active elements react with cubic boron nitride to form compounds such as TiN, TiB, AlN, etc. These reactions can promote the wettability of the brazing filler metal to the cubic boron nitride abrasive grains, and improve the brazing filler metal to the abrasive grains. The strength is controlled, and the effective diffusion rate of the high-entropy alloy is relatively slow due to the coordinated diffusion of multiple components, which can make the interface reaction between cubic boron nitride and solder moderate. The high-entropy alloy of the present invention contains a variety of metal powders with different melting points , can gradually achieve alloying during the heating process, and finally reach a high-entropy alloy, which has the characteristics of moderate hardness and wear resistance.
1.一种真空加热钎焊单层立方氮化硼砂轮的制作方法，主要包括下述工艺步骤：1. A preparation method for vacuum heating and brazing single-layer cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, mainly comprising the following process steps:
步骤一、利用机械加工的方法制备立方氮化硼砂轮基体，砂轮基体直径在 300mm~1000mm 之间。Step 1: Prepare a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel substrate by mechanical processing, and the diameter of the grinding wheel substrate is between 300 mm and 1000 mm.
步骤二、采用Ni-Cr-B-Si，Cu粉，Al粉，Ti粉、Co粉经球磨混合制成的高熵合金粉末作为钎焊立方氮化硼砂轮的钎料，其中Ni-Cr-B-Si预合金粉，Cu粉，Al粉，Ti粉，Co金属粉的重量百分比为：25~30：15~20：10~15：20~25：10~25；其中Ni-Cr-B-Si中各种元素质量比组成为：C为0.6~1.2%，Cr为12~15%，B为2.5~4.5%，Si为3-4.5%，Ni为75~81%。球磨混合是采用钢制球磨罐进行球磨混合，其中的磨球与金属粉质量比为3∶1，密封后打开真空阀抽真空20~30分钟，将球磨罐放入行星式球磨机，转速为260~300r/min，倒向频率 30~45Hz，进行球磨混料时间为60~80分钟。Step 2, adopt Ni-Cr-B-Si, Cu powder, Al powder, the high-entropy alloy powder that Ti powder, Co powder are mixed through ball milling are used as the solder of brazing cubic boron nitride emery wheel, wherein Ni-Cr- The weight percent of B-Si pre-alloyed powder, Cu powder, Al powder, Ti powder, and Co metal powder is: 25~30: 15~20: 10~15: 20~25: 10~25; where Ni-Cr-B -The mass ratio of various elements in Si is as follows: C is 0.6~1.2%, Cr is 12~15%, B is 2.5~4.5%, Si is 3-4.5%, and Ni is 75~81%. Ball milling is to use steel ball milling pots for ball milling and mixing, in which the mass ratio of balls to metal powder is 3:1. After sealing, open the vacuum valve to evacuate for 20-30 minutes, and put the ball milling pots into the planetary ball mill at a speed of 260 ~300r/min, reversing frequency 30~45Hz, ball mill mixing time is 60~80 minutes.
步骤三、将金属粉与压敏胶按重量1∶2.3~2.8比例混合制成钎料浆液；Step 3, mixing metal powder and pressure-sensitive adhesive in a weight ratio of 1:2.3~2.8 to make solder slurry;
步骤四、将钎料浆液与立方氮化硼磨粒按比例混合均匀涂覆固定在砂轮基体表面；立方氮化硼磨粒的粒度为120~450 μm，涂覆的钎料浆液厚度为立方氮化硼磨粒平均粒径的95-125％。Step 4. Mix the brazing filler metal slurry and cubic boron nitride abrasive grains in proportion and evenly coat and fix them on the surface of the grinding wheel substrate; the particle size of the cubic boron nitride abrasive grains is 120-450 μm, and the thickness of the coated brazing filler metal slurry is cubic nitrogen 95-125% of the average grain size of boron oxide abrasive grains.
步骤五、按底层为立方氮化硼砂轮基体、中层为钎料浆液、上层为立方氮化硼磨粒的顺序制作工具成型毛坯；Step 5, making tool forming blanks in the order that the bottom layer is the cubic boron nitride grinding wheel substrate, the middle layer is the brazing filler metal slurry, and the upper layer is the cubic boron nitride abrasive grains;
步骤六、采用真空加热的方式对成型毛坯进行加热钎焊，钎焊温度为1120℃~1200℃，真空度<1∙10-3 Pa。Step 6: Brazing the forming blank by vacuum heating, the brazing temperature is 1120°C~1200°C, and the vacuum degree is <1∙10-3 Pa.
具体实施方案specific implementation plan
实施例1Example 1
1.一种真空加热钎焊单层立方氮化硼砂轮的制作方法，主要包括下述工艺步骤：1. A preparation method for vacuum heating and brazing single-layer cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, mainly comprising the following process steps:
步骤一、采用45钢经机械加工的方法制备立方氮化硼砂轮基体，砂轮基体直径在500 mm。Step 1: Prepare a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel substrate by machining 45 steel, and the diameter of the grinding wheel substrate is 500 mm.
步骤二、采用Ni-Cr-B-Si，Cu粉，Al粉，Ti粉、Co粉经球磨混合制成的高熵合金粉末作为钎焊立方氮化硼砂轮的钎料，其中Ni-Cr-B-Si预合金粉，Cu粉，Al粉，Ti粉，Co金属粉的重量百分比为：30：15：14：21：20；其中Ni-Cr-B-Si中各种元素质量比组成为：C为0.6~1.2%，Cr为12~15%，B为2.5~4.5%，Si为3-4.5%，Ni为75~81%。球磨混合是采用钢制球磨罐进行球磨混合，其中的磨球与金属粉质量比为3∶1，密封后打开真空阀抽真空25分钟，将球磨罐放入行星式球磨机，转速为 300r/min，倒向频率 40 Hz，进行球磨混料时间为70分钟。Step 2, adopt Ni-Cr-B-Si, Cu powder, Al powder, the high-entropy alloy powder that Ti powder, Co powder are mixed through ball milling are used as the solder of brazing cubic boron nitride emery wheel, wherein Ni-Cr- The weight percentage of B-Si pre-alloyed powder, Cu powder, Al powder, Ti powder, and Co metal powder is: 30:15:14:21:20; the mass ratio of various elements in Ni-Cr-B-Si is composed of : C is 0.6~1.2%, Cr is 12~15%, B is 2.5~4.5%, Si is 3-4.5%, Ni is 75~81%. Ball mill mixing is carried out by using a steel ball mill tank, in which the mass ratio of balls to metal powder is 3:1, after sealing, open the vacuum valve to vacuum for 25 minutes, put the ball mill tank into a planetary ball mill, and the speed is 300r/min , the reverse frequency is 40 Hz, and the mixing time for ball milling is 70 minutes.
步骤三、将金属粉与压敏胶按重量1∶2.5比例混合制成钎料浆液；Step 3, mixing the metal powder and the pressure-sensitive adhesive in a weight ratio of 1:2.5 to prepare a solder slurry;
步骤四、将钎料浆液与立方氮化硼磨粒按比例混合均匀涂覆固定在砂轮基体表面；立方氮化硼磨粒的粒度为150~200 μm，涂覆的钎料浆液厚度为立方氮化硼磨粒平均粒径的105％。Step 4. Mix the brazing filler metal slurry and cubic boron nitride abrasive grains in proportion and evenly coat and fix them on the surface of the grinding wheel substrate; the particle size of the cubic boron nitride abrasive grains is 150-200 μm, and the thickness of the coated brazing filler metal slurry is cubic nitrogen 105% of the average grain size of boron oxide abrasive grains.
步骤五、按底层为立方氮化硼砂轮基体、中层为钎料浆液、上层为立方氮化硼磨粒的顺序制作工具成型毛坯；Step 5, making tool forming blanks in the order that the bottom layer is the cubic boron nitride grinding wheel substrate, the middle layer is the brazing filler metal slurry, and the upper layer is the cubic boron nitride abrasive grains;
步骤六、采用真空加热的方式对成型毛坯进行加热钎焊，钎焊温度为1170℃，真空度<1∙10-3 Pa。Step 6: Heat and braze the forming blank by means of vacuum heating, the brazing temperature is 1170°C, and the vacuum degree is <1∙10-3 Pa.
实施例2Example 2
1.一种真空加热钎焊单层立方氮化硼砂轮的制作方法，主要包括下述工艺步骤：1. A preparation method for vacuum heating and brazing single-layer cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, mainly comprising the following process steps:
步骤一、采用65Mn经机械加工的方法制备立方氮化硼砂轮基体，砂轮基体直径在600mm。Step 1: Prepare a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel substrate by machining 65Mn, and the diameter of the grinding wheel substrate is 600 mm.
步骤二、采用Ni-Cr-B-Si，Cu粉，Al粉，Ti粉、Co粉经球磨混合制成的高熵合金粉末作为钎焊立方氮化硼砂轮的钎料，其中Ni-Cr-B-Si预合金粉，Cu粉，Al粉，Ti粉，Co金属粉的重量百分比为：25：20：15：20：20；其中Ni-Cr-B-Si中各种元素质量比组成为：C为0.6~1.2%，Cr为12~15%，B为2.5~4.5%，Si为3-4.5%，Ni为75~81%。球磨混合是采用钢制球磨罐进行球磨混合，其中的磨球与金属粉质量比为3∶1，密封后打开真空阀抽真空20分钟，将球磨罐放入行星式球磨机，转速为260r/min，倒向频率45Hz，进行球磨混料时间为80分钟。Step 2, adopt Ni-Cr-B-Si, Cu powder, Al powder, the high-entropy alloy powder that Ti powder, Co powder are mixed through ball milling are used as the solder of brazing cubic boron nitride emery wheel, wherein Ni-Cr- The weight percent of B-Si pre-alloyed powder, Cu powder, Al powder, Ti powder, and Co metal powder is: 25:20:15:20:20; wherein the mass ratio of various elements in Ni-Cr-B-Si is composed as : C is 0.6~1.2%, Cr is 12~15%, B is 2.5~4.5%, Si is 3-4.5%, Ni is 75~81%. Ball mill mixing is carried out by using a steel ball mill tank, in which the mass ratio of balls to metal powder is 3:1, after sealing, open the vacuum valve to vacuum for 20 minutes, put the ball mill tank into a planetary ball mill, and the speed is 260r/min , The inverted frequency is 45Hz, and the mixing time for ball milling is 80 minutes.
步骤三、将金属粉与压敏胶按重量1∶2.8比例混合制成钎料浆液；Step 3, mixing the metal powder and the pressure-sensitive adhesive in a weight ratio of 1:2.8 to prepare a solder slurry;
步骤四、将钎料浆液与立方氮化硼磨粒按比例混合均匀涂覆固定在砂轮基体表面；立方氮化硼磨粒的粒度为220~300 μm，涂覆的钎料浆液厚度为立方氮化硼磨粒平均粒径的100％。Step 4. Mix the brazing filler metal slurry and cubic boron nitride abrasive grains in proportion and evenly coat and fix them on the surface of the grinding wheel substrate; the particle size of the cubic boron nitride abrasive grains is 220~300 μm, and the thickness of the coated brazing filler metal slurry is cubic nitrogen 100% of the average grain size of boron oxide abrasive grains.
步骤五、按底层为立方氮化硼砂轮基体、中层为钎料浆液、上层为立方氮化硼磨粒的顺序制作工具成型毛坯；Step 5, making tool forming blanks in the order that the bottom layer is the cubic boron nitride grinding wheel substrate, the middle layer is the brazing filler metal slurry, and the upper layer is the cubic boron nitride abrasive grains;
步骤六、采用真空加热的方式对成型毛坯进行加热钎焊，钎焊温度为1160℃，真空度<1∙10-3 Pa。Step 6: Heat and braze the forming blank by means of vacuum heating, the brazing temperature is 1160°C, and the vacuum degree is <1∙10-3 Pa.
实施例3Example 3
1.一种真空加热钎焊单层立方氮化硼砂轮的制作方法，主要包括下述工艺步骤：1. A preparation method for vacuum heating and brazing single-layer cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, mainly comprising the following process steps:
步骤一、利用机械加工的方法制备立方氮化硼砂轮基体，砂轮基体直径在 700mm。Step 1: Prepare a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel substrate by mechanical processing, and the diameter of the grinding wheel substrate is 700mm.
步骤二、采用Ni-Cr-B-Si，Cu粉，Al粉，Ti粉、Co粉经球磨混合制成的高熵合金粉末作为钎焊立方氮化硼砂轮的钎料，其中Ni-Cr-B-Si预合金粉，Cu粉，Al粉，Ti粉，Co金属粉的重量百分比为：25：15：15：20：25；其中Ni-Cr-B-Si中各种元素质量比组成为：C为0.6~1.2%，Cr为12~15%，B为2.5~4.5%，Si为3-4.5%，Ni为75~81%。球磨混合是采用钢制球磨罐进行球磨混合，其中的磨球与金属粉质量比为3∶1，密封后打开真空阀抽真空30分钟，将球磨罐放入行星式球磨机，转速为 280 r/min，倒向频率 30 Hz，进行球磨混料时间为60分钟。Step 2, adopt Ni-Cr-B-Si, Cu powder, Al powder, the high-entropy alloy powder that Ti powder, Co powder are mixed through ball milling are used as the solder of brazing cubic boron nitride emery wheel, wherein Ni-Cr- The weight percentage of B-Si pre-alloyed powder, Cu powder, Al powder, Ti powder, Co metal powder is: 25:15:15:20:25; wherein the mass ratio of various elements in Ni-Cr-B-Si is composed as : C is 0.6~1.2%, Cr is 12~15%, B is 2.5~4.5%, Si is 3-4.5%, Ni is 75~81%. Ball milling and mixing is carried out by using a steel ball milling jar, in which the mass ratio of balls to metal powder is 3:1. After sealing, open the vacuum valve to evacuate for 30 minutes, and put the ball milling jar into a planetary ball mill at a speed of 280 r/ min, the inverted frequency is 30 Hz, and the ball milling time is 60 minutes.
步骤三、将金属粉与压敏胶按重量1∶2.3比例混合制成钎料浆液；Step 3, mixing the metal powder and the pressure-sensitive adhesive in a weight ratio of 1:2.3 to prepare a solder slurry;
步骤四、将钎料浆液与立方氮化硼磨粒按比例混合均匀涂覆固定在砂轮基体表面；立方氮化硼磨粒的粒度为360~450 μm，涂覆的钎料浆液厚度为立方氮化硼磨粒平均粒径的95％。Step 4. Mix the brazing filler metal slurry and cubic boron nitride abrasive grains in proportion and evenly coat and fix them on the surface of the grinding wheel substrate; the particle size of the cubic boron nitride abrasive grains is 360-450 μm, and the thickness of the coated brazing filler metal slurry is cubic nitrogen 95% of the average particle size of boron oxide abrasive grains.
步骤五、按底层为立方氮化硼砂轮基体、中层为钎料浆液、上层为立方氮化硼磨粒的顺序制作工具成型毛坯；Step 5, making tool forming blanks in the order that the bottom layer is the cubic boron nitride grinding wheel substrate, the middle layer is the brazing filler metal slurry, and the upper layer is the cubic boron nitride abrasive grains;
步骤六、采用真空加热的方式对成型毛坯进行加热钎焊，钎焊温度为1140℃，真空度<1∙10-3 Pa。Step 6: Heat and braze the forming blank by means of vacuum heating, the brazing temperature is 1140°C, and the vacuum degree is <1∙10-3 Pa.
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| CN201710210877.7ACN106863158B (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | A kind of method of vacuum brazing cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel |
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| CN201710210877.7ACN106863158B (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | A kind of method of vacuum brazing cubic boron nitride abrasive wheel |
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| CN108908148B (en)* | 2018-06-26 | 2020-05-22 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of manufacturing method of high-entropy alloy brazing cubic boron nitride grinding wheel |
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